arbiter-engine 0.4.0

//! The world module contains the core world abstraction for the Arbiter Engine.

use std::collections::VecDeque;

use arbiter_core::{database::ArbiterDB, environment::Environment, middleware::ArbiterMiddleware};
use futures_util::future::join_all;
use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
use tokio::spawn;

use super::*;
use crate::{
    agent::{Agent, AgentBuilder},
    machine::{CreateStateMachine, MachineInstruction},
};

/// A world is a collection of agents that use the same type of provider, e.g.,
/// operate on the same blockchain or same `Environment`. The world is
/// responsible for managing the agents and their state transitions.
///
/// # How it works
/// The [`World`] holds on to a collection of [`Agent`]s and can run them all
/// concurrently when the [`run`] method is called. The [`World`] takes in
/// [`AgentBuilder`]s and when it does so, it creates [`Agent`]s that are now
/// connected to the world via a client ([`Arc<RevmMiddleware>`]) and a messager
/// ([`Messager`]).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct World {
    /// The identifier of the world.
    pub id: String,

    /// The agents in the world.
    pub agents: Option<HashMap<String, Agent>>,

    /// The environment for the world.
    pub environment: Option<Environment>,

    /// The messaging layer for the world.
    pub messager: Messager,
}

use std::{fs::File, io::Read};
impl World {
    /// Creates a new [`World`] with the given identifier and provider.
    pub fn new(id: &str) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: id.to_owned(),
            agents: Some(HashMap::new()),
            environment: Some(Environment::builder().build()),
            messager: Messager::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Builds and adds agents to the world from a configuration file.
    ///
    /// This method reads a configuration file specified by `config_path`, which
    /// should be a TOML file containing the definitions of agents and their
    /// behaviors. Each agent is identified by a unique string key, and
    /// associated with a list of behaviors. These behaviors are
    /// deserialized into instances that implement the `CreateStateMachine`
    /// trait, allowing them to be converted into state machines that define
    /// the agent's behavior within the world.
    ///
    /// # Type Parameters
    ///
    /// - `C`: The type of the behavior component that each agent will be
    ///   associated with.
    /// This type must implement the `CreateStateMachine`, `Serialize`,
    /// `DeserializeOwned`, and `Debug` traits.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// - `config_path`: A string slice that holds the path to the configuration
    ///   file
    /// relative to the current working directory.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This method will panic if:
    /// - The current working directory cannot be determined.
    /// - The configuration file specified by `config_path` cannot be opened.
    /// - The configuration file cannot be read into a string.
    /// - The contents of the configuration file cannot be deserialized into the
    ///   expected
    /// `HashMap<String, Vec<C>>` format.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// Assuming a TOML file named `agents_config.toml` exists in the current
    /// working directory with the following content:
    ///
    /// ```toml
    /// [[agent1]]
    /// BehaviorTypeA = { ... } ,
    /// [[agent1]]
    /// BehaviorTypeB = { ... }
    ///
    /// [agent2]
    /// BehaviorTypeC = { ... }
    /// ```
    pub fn from_config<C: CreateStateMachine + Serialize + DeserializeOwned + Debug>(
        config_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<Self, ArbiterEngineError> {
        let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
        let path = cwd.join(config_path);
        info!("Reading from path: {:?}", path);
        let mut file = File::open(path)?;

        let mut contents = String::new();
        file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;

        #[derive(Deserialize)]
        struct Config<C> {
            id: Option<String>,
            #[serde(flatten)]
            agents_map: HashMap<String, Vec<C>>,
        }

        let config: Config<C> = toml::from_str(&contents)?;

        let mut world = World::new(&config.id.unwrap_or_else(|| "world".to_owned()));

        for (agent, behaviors) in config.agents_map {
            let mut next_agent = Agent::builder(&agent);
            for behavior in behaviors {
                let engine = behavior.create_state_machine();
                next_agent = next_agent.with_engine(engine);
            }
            world.add_agent(next_agent);
        }
        Ok(world)
    }

    /// Adds an agent, constructed from the provided `AgentBuilder`, to the
    /// world.
    ///
    /// This method takes an `AgentBuilder` instance, extracts its identifier,
    /// and uses it to create both a `RevmMiddleware` client and a
    /// `Messager` specific to the agent. It then builds the `Agent` from
    /// the `AgentBuilder` using these components. Finally, the newly
    /// created `Agent` is inserted into the world's internal collection of
    /// agents.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This method will panic if:
    /// - It fails to create a `RevmMiddleware` client for the agent.
    /// - The `AgentBuilder` fails to build the `Agent`.
    /// - The world's internal collection of agents is not initialized.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// Assuming you have an `AgentBuilder` instance named `agent_builder`:
    ///
    /// ```ignore
    /// world.add_agent(agent_builder);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// This will add the agent defined by `agent_builder` to the world.
    pub fn add_agent(&mut self, agent_builder: AgentBuilder) {
        let id = agent_builder.id.clone();
        let client = ArbiterMiddleware::new(self.environment.as_ref().unwrap(), Some(&id))
            .expect("Failed to create RevmMiddleware client for agent");
        let messager = self.messager.for_agent(&id);
        let agent = agent_builder
            .build(client, messager)
            .expect("Failed to build agent from AgentBuilder");
        let agents = self
            .agents
            .as_mut()
            .expect("Agents collection not initialized");
        agents.insert(id.to_owned(), agent);
    }

    /// Executes all agents and their behaviors concurrently within the world.
    ///
    /// This method takes all the agents registered in the world and runs their
    /// associated behaviors in parallel. Each agent's behaviors are
    /// executed with their respective messaging and client context. This
    /// method ensures that all agents and their behaviors are started
    /// simultaneously, leveraging asynchronous execution to manage concurrent
    /// operations.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if no agents are found in the world, possibly
    /// indicating that the world has already been run or that no agents
    /// were added prior to execution.
    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<ArbiterDB, ArbiterEngineError> {
        let agents = match self.agents.take() {
            Some(agents) => agents,
            None => {
                return Err(ArbiterEngineError::WorldError(
                    "No agents found. Has the world already been ran?".to_owned(),
                ))
            }
        };
        let mut tasks = vec![];
        // Prepare a queue for messagers corresponding to each behavior engine.
        let mut messagers = VecDeque::new();
        // Populate the messagers queue.
        for (_, agent) in agents.iter() {
            for _ in &agent.behavior_engines {
                messagers.push_back(agent.messager.clone());
            }
        }
        // For each agent, spawn a task for each of its behavior engines.
        // Unwrap here is safe as we just built the dang thing.
        for (_, mut agent) in agents {
            for mut engine in agent.behavior_engines.drain(..) {
                let client = agent.client.clone();
                let messager = messagers.pop_front().unwrap();
                tasks.push(spawn(async move {
                    engine
                        .execute(MachineInstruction::Start(client, messager))
                        .await
                }));
            }
        }
        // Await the completion of all tasks.
        join_all(tasks).await;

        let db = self.environment.take().unwrap().stop()?;
        Ok(db)
    }
}