aprender 0.7.0

Next-generation machine learning library in pure Rust
Documentation
# Aprender Roadmap

Next Generation Machine Learning in Pure Rust

## Version Status

| Version | Status | Description |
|---------|--------|-------------|
| v0.1.0  |**Released** | Foundation - Linear Regression + K-Means |
| v0.2.0  |**Released** | Decision Trees, Random Forests, Cross-Validation, Serialization |
| v0.3.0  |**Released** | Regularization & Optimization |
| v0.4.0  |**Released** | TOP 10 ML Algorithms Complete |
| v0.4.1  |**Released** | Graph Algorithms, Advanced Clustering, Anomaly Detection, Stats |
| v0.5.0  | Planned | Neural Networks |
| v1.0.0  | Planned | Production Hardening |

---

## v0.2.0: Tree Models & Cross-Validation (Current)

**Target**: Decision Trees, Random Forests, Model Selection, Model Persistence

### Completed

- [x] **Tree Module**: Complete decision tree implementation
  - DecisionTreeClassifier with GINI impurity
  - Configurable max_depth
  - Recursive tree building
  - Integration tests with Iris dataset
- [x] **Random Forest**: Bootstrap aggregating ensemble
  - RandomForestClassifier with configurable n_estimators
  - Bootstrap sampling with replacement
  - Majority voting for predictions
  - Reproducible with random_state
- [x] **Cross-Validation**: Model evaluation utilities
  - train_test_split() with reproducible random seeds
  - KFold cross-validator with optional shuffling
  - cross_validate() with statistics (mean, std, min, max)
  - CrossValidationResult struct
- [x] **Model Serialization**: Save/load models to disk
  - Serde + bincode integration
  - Works with all models (LinearRegression, KMeans, DecisionTree, RandomForest)
  - Example demonstrating persistence
- [x] **Examples**: New comprehensive examples
  - decision_tree_iris.rs - Decision tree classification
  - random_forest_iris.rs - Ensemble classification
  - cross_validation.rs - Model evaluation workflow
  - model_persistence.rs - Save/load demonstration
- [x] **Documentation**: EXTREME TDD Book
  - 90+ chapter structure on GitHub Pages
  - Complete case study: Cross-Validation
  - RED-GREEN-REFACTOR methodology
  - Live at https://paiml.github.io/aprender/
- [x] **Bug Fixes**
  - Clear error messages for underdetermined systems

### Quality Metrics Achieved

- TDG Score: 93.3/100 (A grade)
- Total Tests: 184 passing (+64 from v0.1.0)
- Property Tests: 22
- Doc Tests: 16
- Test Coverage: ~97%
- Max Cyclomatic Complexity: ≤10
- Zero clippy warnings
- Zero SATD comments

### Released ✅

- [x] Published to crates.io (2024-11-18)
- [x] GitHub Release created with release notes
- [x] EXTREME TDD Book deployed
- [x] CI/CD pipeline passing

---

## v0.1.0: Foundation

**Target**: Linear Regression + K-Means (2 algorithms, viable from day one)

### Completed

- [x] Project scaffolding (Cargo workspace, quality gates)
- [x] Core primitives: Vector, Matrix (with Cholesky solver)
- [x] DataFrame (named column container with `to_matrix()`)
- [x] Linear Regression (OLS via normal equations)
- [x] K-Means clustering (k-means++ initialization + Lloyd's algorithm)
- [x] Metrics: R², MSE, RMSE, MAE, inertia, silhouette_score
- [x] Estimator/UnsupervisedEstimator/Transformer traits
- [x] Property-based tests (19 proptest properties)
- [x] Unit tests (120 tests)
- [x] Doc tests (13 tests)
- [x] Examples: boston_housing, iris_clustering, dataframe_basics
- [x] Benchmarks: linear_regression, kmeans

### Quality Metrics Achieved

- TDG Score: 95.6/100 (A+ grade)
- Repository Score: 95.0/100 (A+)
- Test Coverage: 97.72%
- Mutation Score: 85.3%
- Max Cyclomatic Complexity: 5
- Zero clippy warnings
- Zero SATD comments
- Total Tests: 149 (127 unit + 22 property)

### Released ✅

- [x] Published to crates.io (2024-11-18)
- [x] GitHub Release created with artifacts
- [x] Complete rustdoc coverage
- [x] CI/CD pipeline operational

---

## v0.3.0: Regularization & Optimization

**Target**: Regularized Linear Models, Optimizers, Advanced Model Selection

### Completed

- [x] **Regularized Linear Models**
  - Ridge regression (L2 regularization)
  - Lasso regression (L1 via coordinate descent)
  - Elastic Net (L1 + L2 combination)
  - Full builder pattern API with max_iter, tolerance
- [x] **Optimizers**
  - SGD with optional momentum
  - Adam with adaptive learning rates
  - Trait-based design for extensibility
- [x] **Loss Functions**
  - MSE (Mean Squared Error)
  - MAE (Mean Absolute Error)
  - Huber loss (smooth combination)
  - Both functional and OOP APIs
- [x] **Advanced Model Selection**
  - Stratified K-Fold cross-validation
  - Grid search for hyperparameter tuning
  - Works with all regularized models
- [x] **Preprocessing**
  - StandardScaler (z-score normalization)
  - MinMaxScaler (range scaling)
  - Transformer trait integration
- [x] **Examples**: New comprehensive demonstrations
  - regularized_regression.rs - Ridge, Lasso, ElasticNet with grid search
  - optimizer_demo.rs - SGD and Adam optimization
- [x] **Chaos Engineering**
  - ChaosConfig from renacer integration
  - Property-based testing with proptest
  - Fuzz testing infrastructure with cargo-fuzz
  - 41 new tests (6 property + 14 integration + 1 fuzz target)
- [x] **Refactoring**
  - Reduced tree module complexity: 10 → 7 cyclomatic, 22 → 13 cognitive
  - Reduced grid search complexity: 9 → 4 cyclomatic, 23 → 6 cognitive
  - Extracted 6 helper functions for better maintainability

### Quality Metrics Achieved

- TDG Score: 95.6/100 (A+ grade)
- Total Tests: 498 passing (+314 from v0.2.0)
- Property Tests: 32 (+10)
- Doc Tests: 49 (+33)
- Integration Tests: 6
- Unit Tests: 387 (+203)
- Max Cyclomatic Complexity: 7 (down from 14)
- Max Cognitive Complexity: 13 (down from 23)
- Zero clippy warnings
- Zero SATD comments
- All quality gates passing

### Released ✅

- [x] All 10 features implemented and tested
- [x] Chaos engineering infrastructure integrated
- [x] Code complexity significantly reduced
- [x] 9 comprehensive examples running
- [x] All quality gates passing

---

## v0.4.0: TOP 10 ML Algorithms Complete

**Target**: Industry's most popular machine learning algorithms with comprehensive testing

### Completed

- [x] **Logistic Regression** (Issue #12)
  - Binary and multi-class classification
  - Gradient descent optimization with learning rate decay
  - L2 regularization support
  - predict_proba() for probability estimates
- [x] **K-Nearest Neighbors** (Issue #23)
  - Distance-based classification
  - Configurable k parameter
  - Brute-force and optimized distance computation
  - Works with any distance metric
- [x] **Support Vector Machine** (Issue #24)
  - Linear SVM with hinge loss
  - Subgradient descent optimizer
  - C regularization parameter
  - decision_function() for margin-based predictions
- [x] **Naive Bayes** (Issue #25)
  - GaussianNB with probabilistic classification
  - Variance smoothing parameter
  - predict_proba() returns class probabilities
  - Fast training O(n·d)
- [x] **Gradient Boosting Machine** (Issue #26)
  - Adaptive boosting with residual learning
  - Configurable n_estimators and learning_rate
  - Tree-based weak learners
  - Feature importance scores
- [x] **Decision Trees & Random Forests** (v0.2.0)
  - GINI impurity-based splitting
  - Bootstrap aggregating for Random Forest
  - Configurable max_depth and n_estimators
- [x] **Linear Regression** (v0.1.0)
  - OLS via normal equations
  - Ridge/Lasso/ElasticNet (v0.3.0)
- [x] **K-Means Clustering** (v0.1.0)
  - k-means++ initialization
  - Lloyd's algorithm
  - Configurable max_iter
- [x] **Principal Component Analysis** (Issue #13)
  - Eigendecomposition-based dimensionality reduction
  - Configurable n_components
  - explained_variance_ratio for feature analysis
  - transform() for new data projection
- [x] **Classification Metrics**
  - accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score
  - f1_score, confusion_matrix
  - Multi-class support (macro/micro averaging)

### Quality Metrics Achieved

- Total Tests: 528 passing
- Zero clippy warnings
- Zero SATD violations
- All quality gates passing
- Comprehensive documentation with examples
- 10/10 TOP algorithms implemented ✅

### Released ✅

- [x] Published to crates.io as v0.4.0 (2024-11-19)
- [x] All TOP 10 algorithms tested and documented
- [x] Examples for each algorithm
- [x] Book chapters for theory + case studies

---

## v0.4.1: Graph Algorithms, Advanced Clustering & Statistics

**Target**: Expand beyond TOP 10 with graph theory, advanced clustering, anomaly detection, and statistical analysis

### Completed

- [x] **Graph Algorithms** (Issue #9)
  - Betweenness Centrality (shortest path counting)
  - PageRank (iterative power method)
  - Graph data structure with adjacency list
  - Weighted and unweighted edge support
- [x] **Community Detection** (Issue #22)
  - Louvain algorithm for modularity optimization
  - Modularity computation Q = (1/2m) Σ[A_ij - k_i*k_j/2m] δ(c_i, c_j)
  - Detects densely connected groups in networks
  - O(m·log n) complexity
- [x] **Advanced Clustering**
  - DBSCAN (Issue #14) - Density-based clustering
  - Hierarchical Clustering (Issue #15) - Agglomerative with linkage methods
  - Gaussian Mixture Models (Issue #16) - EM algorithm for soft clustering
  - Spectral Clustering (Issue #19) - Graph Laplacian eigendecomposition
- [x] **Anomaly Detection**
  - Isolation Forest (Issue #17) - Ensemble of isolation trees
  - Local Outlier Factor (Issue #20) - Density-based outlier detection
  - score_samples() and predict() methods
  - Contamination parameter for threshold setting
- [x] **Dimensionality Reduction**
  - t-SNE (Issue #18) - Non-linear visualization
  - Perplexity-based similarity computation
  - KL divergence minimization via gradient descent
  - 2D/3D embedding support
- [x] **Association Rule Mining**
  - Apriori Algorithm (Issue #21) - Frequent itemset mining
  - Support, confidence, and lift metrics
  - Market basket analysis support
  - Efficient pruning with apriori property
- [x] **Descriptive Statistics** (Issue #9)
  - Mean, median, mode, variance, std deviation
  - Quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3), IQR
  - Histograms with multiple binning strategies
  - Five-number summary (min, Q1, median, Q3, max)

### Quality Metrics Achieved

- Total Tests: 683 passing (+155 from v0.4.0)
- Zero clippy warnings
- Zero critical SATD violations (1 low-priority Bayesian Blocks TODO)
- All quality gates passing
- Comprehensive EXTREME TDD book with case studies
- mdbook tests: 0 failures across 119 chapters

### Released ✅

- [x] Published to crates.io as v0.4.1 (2024-11-21)
- [x] All 6 advanced clustering algorithms implemented
- [x] Graph algorithms with social network examples
- [x] Complete anomaly detection suite
- [x] Association rule mining for market basket analysis
- [x] Comprehensive book chapters for all algorithms

---

## v0.5.0: Regression Trees & Advanced Ensemble Methods

- [ ] Decision tree regression (CART algorithm)
- [ ] Random Forest regression
- [ ] Out-of-bag error estimation for Random Forests
- [ ] Feature importance visualization
- [ ] XGBoost-style optimizations (histogram binning, approximate split finding)

---

## v0.6.0: Neural Networks

- [ ] Autodiff integration (feature-gated)
- [ ] Dense layers (fully connected)
- [ ] Activation functions (ReLU, Leaky ReLU, ELU, SELU)
- [ ] Optimizers: SGD, Adam, AdaGrad, RMSprop
- [ ] Batch normalization
- [ ] Dropout regularization
- [ ] Sequential model API

---

## v0.7.0: Advanced Statistics & Inference

- [ ] Generalized Linear Models (GLM)
- [ ] Statistical tests: t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, F-test
- [ ] Covariance/correlation matrices
- [ ] Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
- [ ] Factor Analysis
- [ ] Hypothesis testing framework

---

## v0.8.0: Time Series

- [ ] ARIMA models
- [ ] Exponential smoothing (Holt-Winters)
- [ ] Seasonal decomposition
- [ ] Forecasting metrics: MAPE, SMAPE

---

## v1.0.0: Production Hardening

- [ ] GPU benchmarks and optimization
- [ ] WASM examples (in-browser training)
- [ ] Model serialization versioning
- [ ] Complete EXTREME TDD Book content
- [ ] Performance whitepaper
- [ ] Production deployment examples

---

## Quality Targets

All releases must meet:

- **TDG Score**: A+ (95.0+/100)
- **Test Coverage**: 95%+ line coverage
- **Mutation Score**: 85%+ (cargo-mutants)
- **Complexity**: ≤10 cyclomatic per function
- **Documentation**: 100% rustdoc coverage

---

## Contributing

Contributions welcome! Please ensure:
- All tests pass: `cargo test --all`
- No clippy warnings: `cargo clippy --all-targets`
- Code is formatted: `cargo fmt`

Priorities:
1. Bug fixes and test coverage improvements
2. Documentation and examples
3. Performance optimizations
4. New algorithms (must include tests and benchmarks)