Anomaly Grid

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[ANOMALY-GRID v0.4.2] - SEQUENCE ANOMALY DETECTION ENGINE

A Rust library implementing variable-order Markov chains for sequence anomaly detection in finite alphabets.

To use a Python wrapper of this library implementations refer, to my other repository at: https://github.com/Abimael10/anomaly-grid-py

Quick Start

[dependencies]
anomaly-grid = "0.4.2"

use anomaly_grid::*;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // Create detector (order-3)
    let mut detector = AnomalyDetector::new(3)?;

    // Train on a richer pattern set: repeating ABC blocks plus a few benign variants
    let mut normal_sequence = Vec::new();
    for _ in 0..30 {
        normal_sequence.extend(["A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "C"].iter().cloned());
    }
    normal_sequence.extend(["A", "B", "A", "C", "A", "B", "C"].iter().cloned());
    normal_sequence.extend(["A", "C", "B", "A", "B", "C"].iter().cloned());
    let normal_sequence = normal_sequence
        .into_iter()
        .map(|s| s.to_string())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    detector.train(&normal_sequence)?;

    // Detect deviations
    let test_sequence = ["A", "B", "C", "X", "Y", "C", "A", "B", "C"]
        .iter()
        .map(|s| s.to_string())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    let anomalies = detector.detect_anomalies(&test_sequence, 0.2)?;

    for anomaly in anomalies {
        println!(
            "Anomaly window {:?}, Strength: {:.3}",
            anomaly.sequence, anomaly.anomaly_strength
        );
    }

    Ok(())
}

Expected output with the above data:

Two anomaly windows flagged: ["B","C","X","Y"] (strength ~0.27) and ["C","X","Y","C"] (strength ~0.39).
No other windows reported; the rest of the test sequence matches the trained ABC pattern.

What This Library Does

Variable-order Markov modeling for finite alphabets (order 1..max_order with fallback).
On-the-fly scoring: likelihood + information score, combined into an anomaly strength.
Memory-conscious storage: string interning, trie-based contexts, SmallVec for small counts.
Batch processing: detect anomalies across many sequences in parallel (Rayon).
Tunable config: smoothing, weights, memory limit, and optimization helpers for pruning.

Configuration

let config = AnomalyGridConfig::default()
    .with_max_order(4)?                    // Higher order = more memory, better accuracy
    .with_smoothing_alpha(0.5)?            // Lower = more sensitive to training data
    .with_weights(0.8, 0.2)?               // Likelihood vs information weight
    .with_memory_limit(Some(100 * 1024 * 1024))?; // 100MB memory limit

let detector = AnomalyDetector::with_config(config)?;

Use Cases (with context)

Markov chains are not state of the art for anomaly detection. Modern systems favor deep sequence, probabilistic, and graph-based models. This library remains useful when you need:

Discrete, low-dimensional states with short contexts.
Predictable workflows where interpretability matters.
Ultra-low-latency or resource-constrained inference.

Practical fits

Network/Protocol flows: Finite state machines, handshake/order violations.
Small structured workflows: Ops runbooks, CLI/session macros, simple ETL steps.
Device/state telemetry: Low-cardinality IoT states, embedded controllers.

Not a fit without heavy preprocessing

High-dimensional logs/sensors or complex user behavior with long-range dependencies.
Large alphabets or non-stationary patterns.
Continuous/unstructured data (images, audio, raw text) without discretization.

Current state-of-the-art alternatives

Deep sequence models: LSTM/GRU, Transformers (TFT, Anomaly Transformer, TS foundation models), autoencoders/VAEs.
Probabilistic deep models: Normalizing flows, diffusion, energy-based models.
Graph/representation learning: GNNs, dynamic graph embeddings, contrastive methods.
Classical statistical baselines: HMMs (strong Markovian baseline), GMMs/Bayesian changepoint, ARIMA/VAR/Kalman for continuous signals.
TS foundation models (2023–2025): TimeGPT, Chronos, MOIRAI, DeepTime.

Testing

# Run all tests
cargo test

# Run specific test suites
cargo test unit_           # Unit tests
cargo test integration_    # Integration tests
cargo test domain_         # Domain tests
cargo test performance_    # Performance tests (run with --release for perf thresholds)

# Run examples
cargo run --example communication_protocol_analysis
cargo run --example network_protocol_analysis
cargo run --example protein_folding_sequences

Documentation

Complete Documentation - Comprehensive guides and API reference
API Reference - Online API documentation
Examples
Changelog - Version history and changes

License

MIT License - see LICENSE file.

anomaly-grid 0.4.2