alef 0.32.6

Opinionated polyglot binding generator for Rust libraries
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
use crate::backends::extendr::template_env;
use crate::codegen::generators::RustBindingConfig;
use crate::codegen::type_mapper::TypeMapper;
use crate::core::ir::{FunctionDef, TypeRef};
use ahash::AHashSet;

pub fn return_type_needs_json(
    ret: &TypeRef,
    extendr_incompatible_types: &AHashSet<String>,
    enum_names: &AHashSet<String>,
    opaque_types: &AHashSet<String>,
) -> bool {
    match ret {
        TypeRef::Named(n) => {
            if enum_names.contains(n.as_str()) {
                return true;
            }
            extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str())
        }
        TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
            TypeRef::Named(_) => {
                // Vec<Named> always needs JSON bridging because extendr cannot
                // derive TryFrom<Robj> for Vec<LocalStruct> — the binding wrappers
                // are local-only, not exposed to R's Robj system. JSON serialization
                // is the safe transport for heterogeneous struct collections.
                true
            }
            TypeRef::Vec(_) => true,
            _ => false,
        },
        TypeRef::Optional(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
            TypeRef::Named(n) if enum_names.contains(n.as_str()) => true,
            TypeRef::Named(n) if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str()) && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str()) => true,
            TypeRef::Vec(vec_inner) => match vec_inner.as_ref() {
                TypeRef::Named(_) => {
                    // Optional<Vec<Named>> also needs JSON bridging for the same reason.
                    true
                }
                _ => false,
            },
            _ => false,
        },
        _ => false,
    }
}

/// Generate a JSON-bridged `#[extendr]` free function.
///
/// When a function's return type or parameter types cannot be handled by extendr's automatic
/// Robj conversions, this generates a wrapper that:
///   - For incompatible return types (ExtractionResult, Vec<ExtractionResult>, Vec<Vec<f32/f64>>,
///     Option<Enum>): serializes the Rust result to a JSON string via serde_json.
///   - For incompatible parameter types (Vec<Struct>): takes a JSON `String` and deserializes it.
///   - Async functions use the TokioBlockOn pattern (no `async fn`).
pub fn gen_extendr_json_bridged_function(
    func: &FunctionDef,
    mapper: &dyn TypeMapper,
    core_import: &str,
    opaque_types: &AHashSet<String>,
    cfg: &RustBindingConfig,
    extendr_incompatible_types: &AHashSet<String>,
    enum_names: &AHashSet<String>,
) -> String {
    use crate::codegen::generators::binding_helpers::gen_call_args_cfg;

    let err_map = ".map_err(|e| extendr_api::Error::Other(e.to_string().replace(\":\", \"_\").replace(\"/\", \"_\").replace(\"-\", \"_\").chars().take(255).collect::<String>()))";
    let rt_new = format!("tokio::runtime::Runtime::new(){err_map}?");

    // Check if return type requires JSON serialization. If so, all Named params must also
    // use JSON for bidirectional consistency (caller and callee both speak JSON).
    let return_type_requires_json = matches!(&func.return_type, TypeRef::Named(n)
        if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))
        || matches!(&func.return_type, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
            if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
                if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str())))
        || matches!(&func.return_type, TypeRef::Vec(inner)
            if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
                if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str())));

    let mut sig_params: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
    let mut body_preamble = String::new();

    for param in &func.params {
        let needs_json_vec = match &param.ty {
            TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
                TypeRef::Named(_) => {
                    // Vec<Named> always needs JSON bridging because extendr cannot
                    // derive TryFrom<&Robj> for Vec<LocalStruct> — the binding wrappers
                    // are local-only, not exposed to R's Robj system. JSON serialization
                    // is the safe transport for heterogeneous struct collections.
                    true
                }
                _ => false,
            },
            TypeRef::Optional(opt_inner) => match opt_inner.as_ref() {
                TypeRef::Vec(vec_inner) => match vec_inner.as_ref() {
                    TypeRef::Named(_) => {
                        // Optional<Vec<Named>> also needs JSON bridging for the same reason.
                        true
                    }
                    _ => false,
                },
                _ => false,
            },
            _ => false,
        };
        let needs_json_enum = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
            if enum_names.contains(n.as_str()))
            || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n) if enum_names.contains(n.as_str())));
        // Non-optional Named struct when cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref=true: use by-ref instead of JSON
        let needs_by_ref_struct = cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref
            && !param.optional
            && matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                    && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                    && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()));
        // Force JSON-bridge when the type is extendr_incompatible regardless of optional /
        // by-ref config: these types have no `#[extendr] impl` block emitted, so neither
        // `T` nor `&T` has `TryFrom<&Robj>` and the by-ref path produces E0277.
        let is_named_incompatible = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
            if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()));
        let needs_json_struct = !needs_json_enum
            && !needs_by_ref_struct
            && (is_named_incompatible
                || (matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                    if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                        && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                        && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))
                    || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                    if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
                        if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                            && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                            && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))))
                    && (param.optional || !cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref || return_type_requires_json));
        if needs_json_vec {
            let (core_ty_path, is_optional) = match &param.ty {
                TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
                    TypeRef::Named(n) => (format!("{core_import}::{n}"), false),
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                },
                TypeRef::Optional(opt_inner) => match opt_inner.as_ref() {
                    TypeRef::Vec(vec_inner) => match vec_inner.as_ref() {
                        TypeRef::Named(n) => (format!("{core_import}::{n}"), true),
                        _ => unreachable!(),
                    },
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                },
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            let mut_kw = if param.is_mut { "mut " } else { "" };
            let param_is_optional = param.optional || is_optional;
            if param_is_optional {
                sig_params.push(format!("{}: Option<String>", param.name));
                body_preamble.push_str(&crate::backends::extendr::template_env::render(
                    "json_vec_optional_preamble.jinja",
                    minijinja::context! {
                        name => &param.name,
                        ty => &core_ty_path,
                        err_map => &err_map,
                        mut_kw => &mut_kw,
                    },
                ));
                body_preamble.push_str("    ");
            } else {
                sig_params.push(format!("{}: String", param.name));
                body_preamble.push_str(&crate::backends::extendr::template_env::render(
                    "json_vec_required_preamble.jinja",
                    minijinja::context! {
                        name => &param.name,
                        ty => &core_ty_path,
                        err_map => &err_map,
                        mut_kw => &mut_kw,
                    },
                ));
                body_preamble.push_str("    ");
            }
        } else if needs_by_ref_struct {
            // Non-optional Named struct with cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref=true.
            // The signature must take `&LocalBinding` (the R wrapper struct) because
            // extendr derives `TryFrom<&Robj>` only for the local wrapper, not for the
            // upstream core type. The downstream `named_let_bindings` loop in this same
            // function emits `let {name}_core: core::T = {name}.clone().into();` so the
            // call site already receives the core ref via `&{name}_core` — no preamble
            // needed here.
            let local_name = match &param.ty {
                TypeRef::Named(n) => n.clone(),
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            sig_params.push(format!("{}: &{local_name}", param.name));
        } else if needs_json_struct || needs_json_enum {
            let (core_ty_path, is_optional) = match &param.ty {
                TypeRef::Named(n) => (format!("{core_import}::{n}"), false),
                TypeRef::Optional(opt_inner) => match opt_inner.as_ref() {
                    TypeRef::Named(n) => (format!("{core_import}::{n}"), true),
                    _ => unreachable!(),
                },
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            let mut_kw = if param.is_mut { "mut " } else { "" };
            let param_is_optional = param.optional || is_optional;
            if param_is_optional {
                sig_params.push(format!("{}: Option<String>", param.name));
                body_preamble.push_str(&template_env::render(
                    "json_struct_optional_preamble.jinja",
                    minijinja::context! {
                        mut_kw => mut_kw,
                        name => &param.name,
                        ty => &core_ty_path,
                        err => &err_map,
                    },
                ));
                body_preamble.push_str("    ");
            } else {
                sig_params.push(format!("{}: String", param.name));
                body_preamble.push_str(&template_env::render(
                    "json_struct_required_preamble.jinja",
                    minijinja::context! {
                        mut_kw => mut_kw,
                        name => &param.name,
                        ty => &core_ty_path,
                        err => &err_map,
                    },
                ));
                body_preamble.push_str("    ");
            }
        } else {
            let ty_str = mapper.map_type(&param.ty);
            let sig_ty = if matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n) if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())) {
                if param.optional {
                    format!("extendr_api::Nullable<&{ty_str}>")
                } else {
                    format!("&{ty_str}")
                }
            } else if let TypeRef::Optional(inner) = &param.ty {
                // Optional non-opaque Named struct (e.g. a promoted trailing config param whose
                // core signature is `&T` but is exposed to R as omittable). The by-ref-promoted
                // let-binding calls `{name}.into_option()`, which requires `Nullable<&Wrapper>`;
                // emitting `Option<Wrapper>` here breaks both `into_option()` (E0599) and extendr's
                // `TryFrom<&Robj>` (E0277). Fall through to the default mapping for other optionals.
                let inner_name = if let TypeRef::Named(n) = inner.as_ref() {
                    if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str()) {
                        Some(n.clone())
                    } else {
                        None
                    }
                } else {
                    None
                };
                if let Some(n) = inner_name {
                    format!("extendr_api::Nullable<&{n}>")
                } else {
                    format!("Option<{ty_str}>")
                }
            } else if param.optional {
                format!("Option<{ty_str}>")
            } else {
                ty_str
            };
            sig_params.push(format!("{}: {sig_ty}", param.name));
        }
    }

    let core_fn_path = {
        let path = func.rust_path.replace('-', "_");
        if path.starts_with(core_import) {
            path
        } else {
            format!("{core_import}::{}", func.name)
        }
    };

    let mut named_let_bindings = String::new();
    for param in &func.params {
        let needs_json = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Vec(inner)
            if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n) if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())));
        let needs_json_enum = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
            if enum_names.contains(n.as_str()))
            || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n) if enum_names.contains(n.as_str())));
        // Mirror the upstream needs_json_struct calculation: extendr_incompatible Named
        // types unconditionally route through JSON because they lack #[extendr] impl blocks
        // and therefore lack the `&T: TryFrom<&Robj>` / `T: TryFrom<Robj>` impls extendr
        // needs. When the JSON branch owns the preamble, we must skip the named_let
        // binding here — otherwise we emit a duplicate (and now-wrong-typed) let.
        let is_named_incompatible = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
            if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()));
        let needs_by_ref_struct = cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref
            && !param.optional
            && matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                    && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                    && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()));
        let needs_json_struct = !needs_json_enum
            && !needs_by_ref_struct
            && (is_named_incompatible
                || (matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                    if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                        && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                        && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))
                    || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                    if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
                        if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                            && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str()))))
                    && (param.optional || !cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref || return_type_requires_json));
        if !needs_json && !needs_json_struct && !needs_json_enum {
            if let TypeRef::Named(n) = &param.ty {
                if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str()) {
                    if param.optional {
                        named_let_bindings.push_str(&template_env::render(
                            "named_let_optional_binding.jinja",
                            minijinja::context! {
                                name => &param.name,
                                ci => core_import,
                                n => n,
                            },
                        ));
                        named_let_bindings.push_str("    ");
                    } else {
                        named_let_bindings.push_str(&template_env::render(
                            "named_let_required_binding.jinja",
                            minijinja::context! {
                                name => &param.name,
                                ci => core_import,
                                n => n,
                            },
                        ));
                        named_let_bindings.push_str("    ");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    let final_call_args: Vec<String> = func
        .params
        .iter()
        .map(|param| {
            let needs_json = match &param.ty {
                TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
                    TypeRef::Named(_n) => {
                        // Vec<Named> always needs JSON bridging. See above for explanation.
                        true
                    }
                    _ => false,
                },
                _ => false,
            };
            let needs_json_enum = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                if enum_names.contains(n.as_str()))
                || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                    if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n) if enum_names.contains(n.as_str())));
            // Same is_named_incompatible shortcut as the upstream needs_json_struct calc.
            let is_named_incompatible = matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()));
            let needs_json_struct = !needs_json_enum
                && (is_named_incompatible
                    || (matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n)
                        if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                            && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                            && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))
                        || matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Optional(inner)
                        if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
                            if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())
                                && !enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                                && !extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))))
                        && (param.optional || !cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref || return_type_requires_json));
            if needs_json {
                if param.optional {
                    format!("{}_core.as_deref().unwrap_or_default()", param.name)
                } else if param.is_mut {
                    format!("&mut {}_core", param.name)
                } else if param.is_ref {
                    // Vec<Named> passed by reference: pass as &[T]
                    format!("&{}_core", param.name)
                } else {
                    // Vec<Named> passed by value: pass the Vec directly
                    format!("{}_core", param.name)
                }
            } else if needs_json_struct || needs_json_enum {
                // For JSON-bridged params, the _core binding is already deserialized to the core type.
                // Pass it based on the core function's expectation (is_ref / is_mut / by-value).
                if param.optional && param.is_ref {
                    format!("{}_core.as_ref()", param.name)
                } else if param.optional {
                    format!("{}_core", param.name)
                } else if param.is_mut {
                    format!("&mut {}_core", param.name)
                } else if param.is_ref {
                    format!("&{}_core", param.name)
                } else {
                    format!("{}_core", param.name)
                }
            } else if matches!(&param.ty, TypeRef::Named(n) if !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str())) {
                // Non-opaque Named struct: may be by-ref or by-value in the core function.
                // When cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref=true and !optional, the signature is `&LocalBinding`
                // and named_let_bindings emits `let {name}_core: core::T = {name}.clone().into();`.
                // When optional, use as_ref() for Option handling. Otherwise respect param.is_ref.
                if cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref && !param.optional {
                    // Signature is `&LocalBinding`; pass to core fn based on what it expects:
                    if param.is_ref {
                        format!("&{}_core", param.name)
                    } else {
                        format!("{}_core", param.name)
                    }
                } else if param.optional {
                    // Optional case: use as_ref() for Some/None handling
                    if param.is_ref {
                        format!("{}_core.as_ref()", param.name)
                    } else {
                        format!("{}_core", param.name)
                    }
                } else if param.is_mut {
                    // Mutable reference expected by core
                    format!("&mut {}_core", param.name)
                } else if param.is_ref {
                    // Immutable reference expected by core
                    format!("&{}_core", param.name)
                } else {
                    // By-value: pass directly
                    format!("{}_core", param.name)
                }
            } else {
                gen_call_args_cfg(
                    std::slice::from_ref(param),
                    opaque_types,
                    cfg.cast_uints_to_i32,
                    cfg.cast_large_ints_to_f64,
                )
            }
        })
        .collect();
    let final_call_args_str = final_call_args.join(", ");

    let params_need_json_deserialize = func.params.iter().any(|p| match &p.ty {
        TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
            TypeRef::Named(_n) => {
                // Vec<Named> always needs JSON deserialization.
                true
            }
            _ => false,
        },
        TypeRef::Named(n) => {
            (enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                || extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str())
                || !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str()))
                && (p.optional
                    || !cfg.named_non_opaque_params_by_ref
                    || enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                    || extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()))
        }
        TypeRef::Optional(inner) => matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(n)
            if (enum_names.contains(n.as_str())
                || extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str())
                || !opaque_types.contains(n.as_str()))),
        _ => false,
    });
    let effectively_fallible = func.error_type.is_some() || params_need_json_deserialize;

    let (ret_type, result_convert, wrap_in_result_closure) = match &func.return_type {
        TypeRef::Optional(inner) if matches!(inner.as_ref(), TypeRef::Named(_)) => {
            if effectively_fallible {
                let ser = format!(
                    "result.map(|v| serde_json::to_string(&v){err_map}).transpose()",
                    err_map = err_map
                );
                ("Option<String>".to_string(), ser, true)
            } else {
                let ser = "result.map(|v| serde_json::to_string(&v).expect(\"serialization failed\"))".to_string();
                ("Option<String>".to_string(), ser, false)
            }
        }
        _ => {
            if effectively_fallible {
                let ser = format!("serde_json::to_string(&result){err_map}");
                ("String".to_string(), ser, true)
            } else {
                (
                    "String".to_string(),
                    "serde_json::to_string(&result).expect(\"serialization failed\")".to_string(),
                    false,
                )
            }
        }
    };

    let binding_conversion: Option<String> = match &func.return_type {
        TypeRef::Named(n) if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()) => {
            Some(format!("let result: {n} = result.into();"))
        }
        TypeRef::Vec(inner) => match inner.as_ref() {
            TypeRef::Named(n) if extendr_incompatible_types.contains(n.as_str()) => Some(format!(
                "let result: Vec<{n}> = result.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect();"
            )),
            _ => None,
        },
        _ => None,
    };
    let convert = binding_conversion.as_deref().unwrap_or("");

    let core_call = format!("{core_fn_path}({final_call_args_str})");

    let core_call_with_err = if func.error_type.is_some() {
        format!("{core_call}{err_map}?")
    } else {
        core_call.clone()
    };

    let inner_body = if func.is_async {
        if func.error_type.is_some() {
            format!(
                "{body_preamble}{named_let_bindings}\
                 let rt = {rt_new};\n    \
                 let result = rt.block_on(async {{ {core_call}.await{err_map} }})?;\n    \
                 {convert}\n    \
                 {result_convert}",
                body_preamble = body_preamble,
                named_let_bindings = named_let_bindings,
                rt_new = rt_new,
                core_call = core_call,
                err_map = err_map,
                convert = convert,
                result_convert = result_convert,
            )
        } else {
            format!(
                "{body_preamble}{named_let_bindings}\
                 let rt = {rt_new};\n    \
                 let result = rt.block_on(async {{ {core_call}.await }});\n    \
                 {convert}\n    \
                 {result_convert}",
                body_preamble = body_preamble,
                named_let_bindings = named_let_bindings,
                rt_new = rt_new,
                core_call = core_call,
                convert = convert,
                result_convert = result_convert,
            )
        }
    } else {
        format!(
            "{body_preamble}{named_let_bindings}\
             let result = {core_call_with_err};\n    \
             {convert}\n    \
             {result_convert}",
            body_preamble = body_preamble,
            named_let_bindings = named_let_bindings,
            core_call_with_err = core_call_with_err,
            convert = convert,
            result_convert = result_convert,
        )
    };

    let body = if wrap_in_result_closure {
        // Wrap the computation in a closure that returns Result, then match on it
        // and convert errors to R stop() calls via throw_r_error()
        let closure_ret_type = match &func.return_type {
            TypeRef::Optional(_) => "Result<Option<String>>".to_string(),
            _ => "Result<String>".to_string(),
        };
        format!(
            "match (|| -> {closure_ret_type} {{ {} }})() {{\n    \
             Ok(v) => v,\n    \
             Err(e) => extendr_api::throw_r_error(&format!(\"{{:?}}\", e)),\n    \
             }}",
            inner_body,
            closure_ret_type = closure_ret_type
        )
    } else {
        inner_body
    };

    let params_str = sig_params.join(", ");
    let allow = if effectively_fallible {
        "#[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]\n"
    } else {
        ""
    };
    format!(
        "{allow}#[extendr]\npub fn {}({params_str}) -> {ret_type} {{\n    {body}\n}}",
        func.name
    )
}