alef 0.23.15

Opinionated polyglot binding generator for Rust libraries
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
//! Vtable struct, bridge struct, Drop impl, and Plugin super-trait impl generation.

use crate::codegen::generators::trait_bridge::TraitBridgeSpec;

use super::FfiBridgeGenerator;

impl FfiBridgeGenerator {
    /// Generate the vtable struct definition.
    pub(super) fn gen_vtable_struct(&self, spec: &TraitBridgeSpec) -> String {
        let vtable = self.vtable_name(spec);
        let mut out = String::with_capacity(1024);

        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "vtable_struct_header.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                trait_name => &spec.trait_def.name,
                vtable_name => &vtable,
            },
        ));

        // Super-trait methods (Plugin: name, version, initialize, shutdown)
        if spec.bridge_config.super_trait.is_some() {
            out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
                "vtable_super_trait_methods.jinja",
                minijinja::context! {},
            ));
        }

        // One field per trait method (own methods only; super-trait methods are covered above).
        // Methods listed in `ffi_skip_methods` fall back to the trait default — no vtable slot.
        let skip = &spec.bridge_config.ffi_skip_methods;
        let own_methods: Vec<_> = spec
            .trait_def
            .methods
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| m.trait_source.is_none() && !skip.iter().any(|s| s == &m.name))
            .collect();

        for method in &own_methods {
            if !method.doc.is_empty() {
                let method_doc_lines: Vec<&str> = method
                    .doc
                    .lines()
                    .map(|line| line.trim_start_matches("///").trim_start())
                    .collect();
                out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
                    "vtable_method_doc_lines.jinja",
                    minijinja::context! {
                        doc_lines => method_doc_lines,
                    },
                ));
            }
            // Build params and return type inline for the template
            let mut params = vec!["user_data: *const std::ffi::c_void".to_string()];
            for p in &method.params {
                let cty = Self::c_param_type(&p.ty);
                params.push(format!("{}: {}", p.name, cty));
                // Bytes are passed as raw `*const u8` with a companion `_len: usize`
                // so the callee can read the full buffer without NUL-truncation.
                // Matches the regular-function generator's contract.
                if matches!(p.ty, crate::core::ir::TypeRef::Bytes) {
                    params.push(format!("{}_len: usize", p.name));
                }
            }
            let has_error = method.error_type.is_some();
            let (out_params, ret_ty) = Self::c_return_convention(&method.return_type, has_error);
            params.extend(out_params);

            out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
                "vtable_method_field.jinja",
                minijinja::context! {
                    method_name => &method.name,
                    params_str => params.join(", "),
                    ret_ty => ret_ty,
                },
            ));
        }

        // free_user_data destructor, struct close, and Send + Sync
        let vtable = self.vtable_name(spec);
        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "vtable_free_user_data.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                vtable_name => &vtable,
            },
        ));
        out
    }

    /// Generate the bridge struct with `vtable`, `user_data`, `cached_name`, and `cached_version`.
    ///
    /// For required trait methods that return `&[T]` (represented as `TypeRef::Vec(T)` with
    /// `returns_ref = true`), an extra `{method_name}_strs: &'static [&'static str]` field is
    /// emitted.  The values are populated once at construction time and returned directly from the
    /// trait impl — avoiding per-call vtable round-trips and satisfying the borrowed return type.
    pub(super) fn gen_bridge_struct(&self, spec: &TraitBridgeSpec) -> String {
        let vtable = self.vtable_name(spec);
        let bridge = self.bridge_name(spec);

        // Detect required methods with a `&[T]` return (Vec(T) + returns_ref = true).
        // Only `Vec(String)` → `&[&str]` is supported; other element types degrade gracefully.
        let slice_cache_fields: Vec<String> = spec
            .required_methods()
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|m| m.returns_ref && matches!(&m.return_type, crate::core::ir::TypeRef::Vec(_)))
            .map(|m| format!("    {}_strs: &'static [&'static str],\n", m.name))
            .collect();

        let extra_fields = slice_cache_fields.join("");

        crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "bridge_struct.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                trait_name => &spec.trait_def.name,
                bridge_name => &bridge,
                vtable_name => &vtable,
                extra_fields => extra_fields,
            },
        )
    }

    /// Generate the `Drop` impl that calls `free_user_data` if non-null.
    pub(super) fn gen_bridge_drop(&self, spec: &TraitBridgeSpec) -> String {
        let bridge = self.bridge_name(spec);

        crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "bridge_drop.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                bridge_name => &bridge,
            },
        )
    }

    /// Generate the `impl Plugin for FfiBridge` block using vtable fn pointers.
    pub(super) fn gen_ffi_plugin_impl(&self, spec: &TraitBridgeSpec) -> Option<String> {
        let super_trait_name = spec.bridge_config.super_trait.as_deref()?;
        let bridge = self.bridge_name(spec);
        let core_import = &self.core_import;

        let super_trait_path = if super_trait_name.contains("::") {
            super_trait_name.to_string()
        } else {
            format!("{core_import}::{super_trait_name}")
        };

        let mut out = String::with_capacity(1024);

        let error_type = &self.error_type;

        // plugin_impl_header
        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "plugin_impl_header.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                super_trait_path => &super_trait_path,
                bridge_name => &bridge,
            },
        ));

        // plugin_impl_version
        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "plugin_impl_version.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {},
        ));

        // The configured plugin_error_constructor takes precedence; otherwise
        // fall back to a generic `core_import::error_type::from(msg)` shape
        // (works for any error type that implements `From<String>`).
        let plugin_error_expr = self
            .plugin_error_constructor
            .clone()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("<{core_import}::{error_type} as ::core::convert::From<String>>::from(msg)"));

        // plugin_impl_initialize
        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "plugin_impl_initialize.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                core_import => core_import,
                error_type => error_type,
                plugin_error_expr => plugin_error_expr,
            },
        ));

        // plugin_impl_shutdown
        out.push_str(&crate::backends::ffi::template_env::render(
            "plugin_impl_shutdown.jinja",
            minijinja::context! {
                core_import => core_import,
                error_type => error_type,
                plugin_error_expr => plugin_error_expr,
            },
        ));

        Some(out)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::core::config::TraitBridgeConfig;
    use crate::core::ir::{MethodDef, ReceiverKind, TypeDef, TypeRef};
    use std::collections::HashMap;

    fn make_bridge_cfg(trait_name: &str) -> TraitBridgeConfig {
        TraitBridgeConfig {
            trait_name: trait_name.to_string(),
            super_trait: None,
            registry_getter: None,
            register_fn: None,

            unregister_fn: None,

            clear_fn: None,
            type_alias: None,
            param_name: None,
            register_extra_args: None,
            exclude_languages: Vec::new(),
            bind_via: crate::core::config::BridgeBinding::FunctionParam,
            options_type: None,
            options_field: None,
            context_type: None,
            result_type: None,
            ffi_skip_methods: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    fn make_trait_def(name: &str, methods: Vec<MethodDef>) -> TypeDef {
        TypeDef {
            name: name.to_string(),
            rust_path: format!("my_lib::{name}"),
            original_rust_path: String::new(),
            fields: vec![],
            methods,
            is_opaque: false,
            is_clone: false,
            is_copy: false,
            is_trait: true,
            has_default: false,
            has_stripped_cfg_fields: false,
            is_return_type: false,
            serde_rename_all: None,
            has_serde: false,
            super_traits: vec![],
            doc: String::new(),
            cfg: None,
            binding_excluded: false,
            binding_exclusion_reason: None,
            is_variant_wrapper: false,
            has_lifetime_params: false,
        }
    }

    fn make_method(name: &str, return_type: TypeRef, has_error: bool) -> MethodDef {
        MethodDef {
            name: name.to_string(),
            params: vec![],
            return_type,
            is_async: false,
            is_static: false,
            error_type: if has_error {
                Some("Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>".to_string())
            } else {
                None
            },
            doc: String::new(),
            receiver: Some(ReceiverKind::Ref),
            sanitized: false,
            trait_source: None,
            returns_ref: false,
            returns_cow: false,
            return_newtype_wrapper: None,
            has_default_impl: false,
            binding_excluded: false,
            binding_exclusion_reason: None,
        }
    }

    fn make_generator() -> FfiBridgeGenerator {
        FfiBridgeGenerator {
            prefix: "ml".to_string(),
            core_import: "my_lib".to_string(),
            type_paths: HashMap::new(),
            error_type: "MyError".to_string(),
            plugin_error_constructor: None,
            lifetime_type_names: std::collections::HashSet::new(),
        }
    }

    fn make_spec<'a>(trait_def: &'a TypeDef, bridge_cfg: &'a TraitBridgeConfig) -> TraitBridgeSpec<'a> {
        TraitBridgeSpec {
            trait_def,
            bridge_config: bridge_cfg,
            core_import: "my_lib",
            wrapper_prefix: "Ml",
            type_paths: HashMap::new(),
            lifetime_type_names: std::collections::HashSet::new(),
            error_type: "MyError".to_string(),
            error_constructor: "MyError::from({msg})".to_string(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn vtable_struct_is_repr_c() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![make_method("run", TypeRef::Unit, false)]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_vtable_struct(&spec);
        assert!(out.contains("#[repr(C)]"), "vtable must be #[repr(C)]");
        assert!(out.contains("pub struct MlBackendVTable"), "vtable name must match");
    }

    #[test]
    fn vtable_struct_has_free_user_data() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![make_method("run", TypeRef::Unit, false)]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_vtable_struct(&spec);
        assert!(
            out.contains("pub free_string:"),
            "vtable must have callback string destructor"
        );
        assert!(out.contains("pub free_user_data:"), "vtable must have free_user_data");
    }

    #[test]
    fn plugin_string_callbacks_are_status_returning_with_out_error() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let mut bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        bridge_cfg.super_trait = Some("Plugin".to_string());
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_vtable_struct(&spec);
        assert!(
            out.contains(
                "pub name_fn: Option<unsafe extern \"C\" fn(user_data: *const std::ffi::c_void, out_name: *mut *mut std::ffi::c_char, out_error: *mut *mut std::ffi::c_char) -> i32>"
            ),
            "name_fn ABI must include out_error and status return:\n{out}"
        );
        assert!(
            out.contains(
                "pub version_fn: Option<unsafe extern \"C\" fn(user_data: *const std::ffi::c_void, out_version: *mut *mut std::ffi::c_char, out_error: *mut *mut std::ffi::c_char) -> i32>"
            ),
            "version_fn ABI must include out_error and status return:\n{out}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn vtable_struct_send_sync() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_vtable_struct(&spec);
        assert!(
            out.contains("unsafe impl Send for MlBackendVTable"),
            "vtable must be Send"
        );
        assert!(
            out.contains("unsafe impl Sync for MlBackendVTable"),
            "vtable must be Sync"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn bridge_struct_has_required_fields() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_bridge_struct(&spec);
        assert!(out.contains("vtable: MlBackendVTable"), "must hold vtable");
        assert!(
            out.contains("user_data: *const std::ffi::c_void"),
            "must hold user_data"
        );
        assert!(out.contains("cached_name: String"), "must hold cached_name");
    }

    #[test]
    fn bridge_drop_calls_free_user_data() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_bridge_drop(&spec);
        assert!(out.contains("impl Drop for MlBackendBridge"), "must impl Drop");
        assert!(out.contains("free_user_data"), "Drop must invoke free_user_data");
    }

    #[test]
    fn gen_ffi_plugin_impl_returns_none_without_super_trait() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Backend");
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        assert!(
            generator.gen_ffi_plugin_impl(&spec).is_none(),
            "must return None when no super_trait configured"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn gen_ffi_plugin_impl_generates_methods_with_super_trait() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = TraitBridgeConfig {
            trait_name: "Backend".to_string(),
            super_trait: Some("Plugin".to_string()),
            registry_getter: None,
            register_fn: None,

            unregister_fn: None,

            clear_fn: None,
            type_alias: None,
            param_name: None,
            register_extra_args: None,
            exclude_languages: Vec::new(),
            bind_via: crate::core::config::BridgeBinding::FunctionParam,
            options_type: None,
            options_field: None,
            context_type: None,
            result_type: None,
            ffi_skip_methods: Vec::new(),
        };
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_ffi_plugin_impl(&spec).expect("must produce Some");
        assert!(
            out.contains("impl my_lib::Plugin for MlBackendBridge"),
            "must impl correct path"
        );
        assert!(out.contains("fn name(&self)"), "must have name()");
        assert!(out.contains("fn initialize(&self)"), "must have initialize()");
        assert!(out.contains("fn shutdown(&self)"), "must have shutdown()");
        // Default (no plugin_error_constructor configured) emits the generic
        // `From<String>` fallback so non-sample_core downstreams compile.
        assert!(
            out.contains("<my_lib::MyError as ::core::convert::From<String>>::from(msg)"),
            "default plugin error path must use From<String> fallback;\n\
             actual:\n{out}"
        );
        assert!(
            !out.contains("SampleCrateError::Plugin"),
            "default emission must not embed downstream-specific sample_crate literals;\n\
             actual:\n{out}"
        );
    }

    /// Regression (#114): vtable struct field for a Bytes parameter must emit both
    /// `{name}: *const u8` and a companion `{name}_len: usize`.  Binary payloads
    /// can contain embedded NUL bytes (0x00), so the C callee must use an explicit
    /// length rather than a NUL-terminated scan.
    #[test]
    fn vtable_struct_bytes_param_emits_len_companion() {
        let generator = make_generator();
        let bridge_cfg = make_bridge_cfg("Processor");
        let mut method = make_method("process", TypeRef::Unit, false);
        method.params.push(crate::core::ir::ParamDef {
            name: "payload".to_string(),
            ty: TypeRef::Bytes,
            optional: false,
            default: None,
            sanitized: false,
            typed_default: None,
            is_ref: true,
            is_mut: false,
            newtype_wrapper: None,
            original_type: None,
            map_is_ahash: false,
            map_key_is_cow: false,
            vec_inner_is_ref: false,
            map_is_btree: false,
            core_wrapper: crate::core::ir::CoreWrapper::None,
        });
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Processor", vec![method]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_vtable_struct(&spec);
        // The pointer field must be present
        assert!(
            out.contains("payload: *const u8"),
            "vtable Bytes param must emit `payload: *const u8`;\nactual:\n{out}"
        );
        // The length companion must follow — without it the callee cannot determine
        // where the buffer ends when a 0x00 byte appears in the payload.
        assert!(
            out.contains("payload_len: usize"),
            "vtable Bytes param must emit companion `payload_len: usize`;\nactual:\n{out}"
        );
    }

    /// When the FFI config provides an explicit `plugin_error_constructor`
    /// expression, the plugin shim emits that verbatim instead of the
    /// `From<String>` fallback. This is the sample_core compatibility path —
    /// sample_core's `SampleCrateError::Plugin` is a struct variant with two
    /// fields and cannot be constructed via `From<String>`.
    #[test]
    fn gen_ffi_plugin_impl_uses_configured_plugin_error_constructor() {
        let generator = FfiBridgeGenerator {
            prefix: "ml".to_string(),
            core_import: "my_lib".to_string(),
            type_paths: HashMap::new(),
            error_type: "MyError".to_string(),
            plugin_error_constructor: Some(
                "my_lib::MyError::Plugin { message: msg, plugin_name: String::new() }".to_string(),
            ),
            lifetime_type_names: std::collections::HashSet::new(),
        };
        let bridge_cfg = TraitBridgeConfig {
            trait_name: "Backend".to_string(),
            super_trait: Some("Plugin".to_string()),
            registry_getter: None,
            register_fn: None,
            unregister_fn: None,
            clear_fn: None,
            type_alias: None,
            param_name: None,
            register_extra_args: None,
            exclude_languages: Vec::new(),
            bind_via: crate::core::config::BridgeBinding::FunctionParam,
            options_type: None,
            options_field: None,
            context_type: None,
            result_type: None,
            ffi_skip_methods: Vec::new(),
        };
        let trait_def = make_trait_def("Backend", vec![]);
        let spec = make_spec(&trait_def, &bridge_cfg);

        let out = generator.gen_ffi_plugin_impl(&spec).expect("must produce Some");
        assert!(
            out.contains("my_lib::MyError::Plugin { message: msg, plugin_name: String::new() }"),
            "plugin shim must inline the configured constructor verbatim;\n\
             actual:\n{out}"
        );
        assert!(
            !out.contains("From<String>"),
            "configured constructor takes precedence over the From<String> fallback;\n\
             actual:\n{out}"
        );
    }
}