affinidi-data-integrity 0.7.1

W3C Data Integrity Implementation
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
/*!
 * BBS-2023 Data Integrity Cryptosuite.
 *
 * Implements the [W3C VC Data Integrity BBS Cryptosuites](https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-di-bbs/)
 * specification for zero-knowledge selective disclosure of Verifiable Credentials.
 *
 * # Overview
 *
 * The bbs-2023 cryptosuite uses BBS signatures over BLS12-381 to enable:
 * - **Base proof creation** (issuer): Sign a VC with selective disclosure capabilities
 * - **Derived proof creation** (holder): Create a ZK proof revealing only chosen claims
 * - **Proof verification** (verifier): Verify the ZK proof without seeing hidden claims
 *
 * # Flow
 *
 * ```text
 * Issuer: sign_base(document, mandatory_pointers, sk, pk) → base_proof
 * Holder: derive_proof(base_document, selective_pointers, ph) → derived_proof
 * Verifier: verify_proof(derived_document, pk) → bool
 * ```
 *
 * # eIDAS 2.0
 *
 * Addresses ARF ZKP requirements ZKP_01 through ZKP_06 for unlinkable
 * selective disclosure of PID and QEAA attributes.
 */

use affinidi_bbs::{self as bbs, PublicKey, SecretKey, Signature};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::Value;
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};

use crate::DataIntegrityError;

/// Sign a document's claims with BBS, creating a base proof.
///
/// The base proof contains the BBS signature and metadata needed
/// for the holder to later create derived (selective disclosure) proofs.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `claims` - The credential claims as key-value pairs
/// * `mandatory_pointers` - JSON pointers to claims that MUST always be disclosed
/// * `header` - Application-specific header (typically SHA-256 of proof options)
/// * `sk` - The issuer's BBS secret key
/// * `pk` - The issuer's BBS public key
///
/// # Returns
///
/// A tuple of (BBS signature, message bytes used for signing).
pub fn sign_base(
    claims: &[(&str, &[u8])],
    header: &[u8],
    sk: &SecretKey,
    pk: &PublicKey,
) -> Result<(Signature, Vec<Vec<u8>>), DataIntegrityError> {
    // Convert claims to message bytes
    let messages: Vec<Vec<u8>> = claims
        .iter()
        .map(|(key, value)| {
            let mut msg = key.as_bytes().to_vec();
            msg.push(b':');
            msg.extend_from_slice(value);
            msg
        })
        .collect();

    let msg_refs: Vec<&[u8]> = messages.iter().map(|m| m.as_slice()).collect();

    let signature = bbs::sign(sk, pk, header, &msg_refs).map_err(DataIntegrityError::signing)?;

    Ok((signature, messages))
}

/// Create a derived proof by selectively disclosing claims.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `pk` - The issuer's BBS public key
/// * `signature` - The BBS signature from the base proof
/// * `header` - The same header used during signing
/// * `presentation_header` - Session-specific header (nonce from verifier)
/// * `messages` - All message bytes (from sign_base)
/// * `disclosed_indexes` - Which claim indexes to reveal
///
/// # Returns
///
/// The BBS zero-knowledge proof bytes.
pub fn derive_proof(
    pk: &PublicKey,
    signature: &Signature,
    header: &[u8],
    presentation_header: &[u8],
    messages: &[Vec<u8>],
    disclosed_indexes: &[usize],
) -> Result<bbs::Proof, DataIntegrityError> {
    let msg_refs: Vec<&[u8]> = messages.iter().map(|m| m.as_slice()).collect();

    bbs::proof_gen(
        pk,
        signature,
        header,
        presentation_header,
        &msg_refs,
        disclosed_indexes,
    )
    .map_err(DataIntegrityError::signing)
}

/// Verify a derived proof.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `pk` - The issuer's BBS public key
/// * `proof` - The BBS proof to verify
/// * `header` - The same header used during signing
/// * `presentation_header` - The same session-specific header
/// * `disclosed_messages` - The messages that were disclosed
/// * `disclosed_indexes` - The indexes of disclosed messages
///
/// # Returns
///
/// `true` if the proof is valid.
pub fn verify_proof(
    pk: &PublicKey,
    proof: &bbs::Proof,
    header: &[u8],
    presentation_header: &[u8],
    disclosed_messages: &[&[u8]],
    disclosed_indexes: &[usize],
) -> Result<bool, DataIntegrityError> {
    bbs::proof_verify(
        pk,
        proof,
        header,
        presentation_header,
        disclosed_messages,
        disclosed_indexes,
    )
    .map_err(|e| {
        tracing::debug!("BBS proof verification failed: {e}");
        DataIntegrityError::InvalidSignature {
            suite: crate::crypto_suites::CryptoSuite::Bbs2023,
            reason: crate::error::SignatureFailure::Invalid,
        }
    })
}

/// Compute a BBS header from proof options and mandatory claims.
///
/// Per W3C vc-di-bbs: `header = SHA-256(proof_options) || SHA-256(mandatory_statements)`
///
/// Each mandatory statement is length-prefixed (8-byte big-endian) before hashing
/// to prevent ambiguity (e.g., `["ab","cd"]` vs `["abc","d"]`).
pub fn compute_bbs_header(proof_options: &[u8], mandatory_statements: &[&[u8]]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut header = Vec::with_capacity(64);

    // SHA-256 of proof options
    let options_hash = Sha256::digest(proof_options);
    header.extend_from_slice(&options_hash);

    // SHA-256 of length-prefixed mandatory statements
    let mut mandatory_hasher = Sha256::new();
    for statement in mandatory_statements {
        // Length prefix prevents concatenation ambiguity
        mandatory_hasher.update((statement.len() as u64).to_be_bytes());
        mandatory_hasher.update(statement);
    }
    let mandatory_hash = mandatory_hasher.finalize();
    header.extend_from_slice(&mandatory_hash);

    header
}

// ===========================================================================
// Document-level bbs-2023 (W3C Verifiable Credential API)
//
// The functions above operate on message arrays; the ones below wrap them in
// the W3C VC document model, so callers sign / derive / verify a VC JSON
// document directly. The claim <-> message mapping is defined here:
//
//   * The document (minus its `proof`) is flattened into per-leaf *statements*
//     `(json_pointer, jcs_value)`, ordered by pointer (deterministic).
//   * Objects are recursed; **scalars and arrays are leaves** — selective
//     disclosure is at object-field granularity (an array is disclosed whole),
//     which keeps every disclosed statement's pointer stable when hidden
//     siblings are removed (object keys don't shift, unlike array indices).
//   * `mandatory_pointers` select statements ALWAYS disclosed; they are folded
//     into the BBS *header* (not signed as individual messages). The remaining
//     (non-mandatory) statements are the BBS *messages* — the selectively
//     disclosable claims.
//
// NOTE: this uses affinidi-bbs' simple statement encoding (not RDF dataset
// canonicalization), so it interoperates within the affinidi stack rather than
// with arbitrary W3C vc-di-bbs implementations.
// ===========================================================================

const PROOF_TYPE: &str = "DataIntegrityProof";
const PROOF_CRYPTOSUITE: &str = "bbs-2023";

/// A `(rfc6901_pointer, canonical_value_bytes)` statement.
type Statement = (String, Vec<u8>);

/// The base-proof `proofValue` payload: the holder needs the issuer signature
/// and the mandatory-pointer set to derive a presentation.
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct BaseProofValue {
    /// multibase(base64url) of the 80-byte BBS signature.
    signature: String,
    mandatory_pointers: Vec<String>,
}

/// The derived-proof `proofValue` payload.
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct DerivedProofValue {
    /// multibase(base64url) of the BBS proof bytes.
    proof: String,
    /// Original indexes (into the non-mandatory message list) of the disclosed
    /// statements, ascending.
    disclosed_indexes: Vec<usize>,
    mandatory_pointers: Vec<String>,
}

/// Sign a VC document with a BBS **base proof** (issuer side).
///
/// `mandatory_pointers` are RFC-6901 pointers to claims that must always be
/// disclosed (typically `/@context`, `/type`, `/issuer`,
/// `/credentialSubject/id`, validity dates). The returned document carries a
/// `proof` with `cryptosuite: bbs-2023`.
pub fn sign_vc_base(
    document: &Value,
    mandatory_pointers: &[&str],
    verification_method: &str,
    sk: &SecretKey,
    pk: &PublicKey,
) -> Result<Value, DataIntegrityError> {
    let mut doc = document.clone();
    doc.as_object_mut()
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::Conformance("document must be a JSON object".into()))?
        .remove("proof");

    let statements = flatten_statements(&doc)?;
    let mandatory: Vec<String> = mandatory_pointers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();

    let proof_config = serde_json::json!({
        "type": PROOF_TYPE,
        "cryptosuite": PROOF_CRYPTOSUITE,
        "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
        "verificationMethod": verification_method,
    });
    let proof_options = jcs_bytes(&proof_config)?;

    let mut mandatory_msgs = Vec::new();
    let mut non_mandatory_msgs = Vec::new();
    for stmt in &statements {
        let msg = statement_message(stmt);
        if pointer_matches(&stmt.0, &mandatory) {
            mandatory_msgs.push(msg);
        } else {
            non_mandatory_msgs.push(msg);
        }
    }
    let header = compute_bbs_header(&proof_options, &as_refs(&mandatory_msgs));

    let signature = bbs::sign(sk, pk, &header, &as_refs(&non_mandatory_msgs))
        .map_err(DataIntegrityError::signing)?;

    let base_value = BaseProofValue {
        signature: mb_encode(&signature.to_bytes()),
        mandatory_pointers: mandatory,
    };
    let mut proof = proof_config;
    proof["proofValue"] = Value::String(encode_proof_value(&base_value)?);
    doc.as_object_mut().unwrap().insert("proof".into(), proof);
    Ok(doc)
}

/// Create a **derived proof** from a base-proof document (holder side),
/// disclosing only the claims under `selective_pointers` (plus the mandatory
/// ones). `presentation_header` is the verifier's nonce/challenge. `pk` is the
/// issuer's BBS public key.
pub fn derive_vc(
    base_document: &Value,
    selective_pointers: &[&str],
    presentation_header: &[u8],
    pk: &PublicKey,
) -> Result<Value, DataIntegrityError> {
    let proof = base_document
        .get("proof")
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof("base document has no proof".into()))?;
    let base_value: BaseProofValue = decode_proof_value(proof)?;
    let signature = Signature::from_bytes(&mb_decode(&base_value.signature)?)
        .map_err(|e| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof(format!("decode signature: {e}")))?;

    let mut doc = base_document.clone();
    doc.as_object_mut()
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::Conformance("document must be a JSON object".into()))?
        .remove("proof");
    let statements = flatten_statements(&doc)?;
    let proof_config = proof_config_without_value(proof);
    let proof_options = jcs_bytes(&proof_config)?;
    let selective: Vec<String> = selective_pointers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();

    // Non-mandatory statements in order; record the indexes of the disclosed ones.
    let mut mandatory_msgs = Vec::new();
    let mut non_mandatory_msgs = Vec::new();
    let mut disclosed_indexes = Vec::new();
    for stmt in &statements {
        if pointer_matches(&stmt.0, &base_value.mandatory_pointers) {
            mandatory_msgs.push(statement_message(stmt));
            continue;
        }
        if pointer_matches(&stmt.0, &selective) {
            disclosed_indexes.push(non_mandatory_msgs.len());
        }
        non_mandatory_msgs.push(statement_message(stmt));
    }
    let header = compute_bbs_header(&proof_options, &as_refs(&mandatory_msgs));

    let bbs_proof = bbs::proof_gen(
        pk,
        &signature,
        &header,
        presentation_header,
        &as_refs(&non_mandatory_msgs),
        &disclosed_indexes,
    )
    .map_err(DataIntegrityError::signing)?;

    // Build the derived document: keep mandatory + selectively-disclosed leaves,
    // prune everything else.
    let kept: Vec<String> = base_value
        .mandatory_pointers
        .iter()
        .cloned()
        .chain(selective.iter().cloned())
        .collect();
    let mut derived =
        retain_disclosed(&doc, "", &kept).unwrap_or_else(|| Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new()));

    let derived_value = DerivedProofValue {
        proof: mb_encode(bbs_proof.to_bytes()),
        disclosed_indexes,
        mandatory_pointers: base_value.mandatory_pointers,
    };
    let mut proof_obj = proof_config;
    proof_obj["proofValue"] = Value::String(encode_proof_value(&derived_value)?);
    derived
        .as_object_mut()
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::Conformance("derived document is not an object".into()))?
        .insert("proof".into(), proof_obj);
    Ok(derived)
}

/// Verify a **derived proof** document (verifier side). `presentation_header`
/// must match the one the holder derived with; `pk` is the issuer's BBS public
/// key. Returns `Ok(true)` iff the proof is valid for the disclosed claims.
pub fn verify_vc_derived(
    derived_document: &Value,
    presentation_header: &[u8],
    pk: &PublicKey,
) -> Result<bool, DataIntegrityError> {
    let proof = derived_document
        .get("proof")
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof("document has no proof".into()))?;
    let derived_value: DerivedProofValue = decode_proof_value(proof)?;
    let bbs_proof = bbs::Proof::from_bytes(&mb_decode(&derived_value.proof)?);

    let mut doc = derived_document.clone();
    doc.as_object_mut()
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::Conformance("document must be a JSON object".into()))?
        .remove("proof");
    let statements = flatten_statements(&doc)?;
    let proof_config = proof_config_without_value(proof);
    let proof_options = jcs_bytes(&proof_config)?;

    let mut mandatory_msgs = Vec::new();
    let mut disclosed_msgs = Vec::new();
    for stmt in &statements {
        if pointer_matches(&stmt.0, &derived_value.mandatory_pointers) {
            mandatory_msgs.push(statement_message(stmt));
        } else {
            disclosed_msgs.push(statement_message(stmt));
        }
    }
    let header = compute_bbs_header(&proof_options, &as_refs(&mandatory_msgs));

    verify_proof(
        pk,
        &bbs_proof,
        &header,
        presentation_header,
        &as_refs(&disclosed_msgs),
        &derived_value.disclosed_indexes,
    )
}

// --- document-level helpers ------------------------------------------------

/// Flatten a JSON document into per-leaf statements, sorted by pointer.
/// Objects are recursed; scalars and arrays are leaves (see module note).
fn flatten_statements(doc: &Value) -> Result<Vec<Statement>, DataIntegrityError> {
    let mut leaves: Vec<(String, Value)> = Vec::new();
    collect_leaves("", doc, &mut leaves);
    leaves.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
    leaves
        .into_iter()
        .map(|(ptr, val)| Ok((ptr, jcs_bytes(&val)?)))
        .collect()
}

fn collect_leaves(prefix: &str, v: &Value, out: &mut Vec<(String, Value)>) {
    match v {
        Value::Object(map) => {
            for (k, val) in map {
                let p = format!("{prefix}/{}", escape_token(k));
                collect_leaves(&p, val, out);
            }
        }
        // Scalars and arrays are leaves: an array is disclosed atomically.
        leaf => out.push((prefix.to_string(), leaf.clone())),
    }
}

/// Rebuild a document keeping only leaves whose pointer is disclosed, pruning
/// objects with no kept descendants. Returns `None` when nothing is kept.
fn retain_disclosed(v: &Value, prefix: &str, disclosed: &[String]) -> Option<Value> {
    match v {
        Value::Object(map) => {
            let mut out = serde_json::Map::new();
            for (k, val) in map {
                let p = format!("{prefix}/{}", escape_token(k));
                if let Some(kept) = retain_disclosed(val, &p, disclosed) {
                    out.insert(k.clone(), kept);
                }
            }
            if out.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                Some(Value::Object(out))
            }
        }
        leaf => pointer_matches(prefix, disclosed).then(|| leaf.clone()),
    }
}

/// RFC 6901 token escaping (`~` -> `~0`, `/` -> `~1`).
fn escape_token(token: &str) -> String {
    token.replace('~', "~0").replace('/', "~1")
}

/// `pointer` is disclosed iff some entry of `pointers` equals it or is a parent
/// of it at a path-segment boundary.
fn pointer_matches(pointer: &str, pointers: &[String]) -> bool {
    pointers
        .iter()
        .any(|p| pointer == p || pointer.starts_with(&format!("{p}/")))
}

/// Encode one statement as a BBS message: `pointer \0 jcs_value`.
fn statement_message((ptr, val): &Statement) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut m = Vec::with_capacity(ptr.len() + 1 + val.len());
    m.extend_from_slice(ptr.as_bytes());
    m.push(0);
    m.extend_from_slice(val);
    m
}

fn as_refs(msgs: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Vec<&[u8]> {
    msgs.iter().map(|m| m.as_slice()).collect()
}

fn proof_config_without_value(proof: &Value) -> Value {
    let mut c = proof.clone();
    if let Some(obj) = c.as_object_mut() {
        obj.remove("proofValue");
    }
    c
}

fn jcs_bytes(v: &Value) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DataIntegrityError> {
    serde_json_canonicalizer::to_string(v)
        .map(String::into_bytes)
        .map_err(|e| DataIntegrityError::Canonicalization(format!("jcs: {e}")))
}

fn mb_encode(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    multibase::encode(multibase::Base::Base64Url, bytes)
}

fn mb_decode(s: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DataIntegrityError> {
    multibase::decode(s)
        .map(|(_, b)| b)
        .map_err(|e| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof(format!("multibase decode: {e}")))
}

fn encode_proof_value<T: Serialize>(value: &T) -> Result<String, DataIntegrityError> {
    let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(value)
        .map_err(|e| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof(format!("encode proofValue: {e}")))?;
    Ok(mb_encode(&bytes))
}

fn decode_proof_value<T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(
    proof: &Value,
) -> Result<T, DataIntegrityError> {
    let s = proof
        .get("proofValue")
        .and_then(Value::as_str)
        .ok_or_else(|| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof("proof has no proofValue".into()))?;
    serde_json::from_slice(&mb_decode(s)?)
        .map_err(|e| DataIntegrityError::MalformedProof(format!("decode proofValue: {e}")))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn test_keypair() -> (SecretKey, PublicKey) {
        let sk = bbs::keygen(b"test-key-material-for-bbs-2023!!", b"").unwrap();
        let pk = bbs::sk_to_pk(&sk);
        (sk, pk)
    }

    #[test]
    fn sign_base_and_verify() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();

        let claims = vec![
            ("given_name", b"John".as_ref()),
            ("family_name", b"Doe"),
            ("age_over_18", b"true"),
        ];

        let header = compute_bbs_header(b"proof-options", &[b"mandatory-1"]);

        let (signature, messages) = sign_base(&claims, &header, &sk, &pk).unwrap();

        // Verify the full signature
        let msg_refs: Vec<&[u8]> = messages.iter().map(|m| m.as_slice()).collect();
        let valid = bbs::verify(&pk, &signature, &header, &msg_refs).unwrap();
        assert!(valid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn derive_and_verify_selective_proof() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();

        let claims = vec![
            ("given_name", b"John".as_ref()),
            ("family_name", b"Doe"),
            ("age_over_18", b"true"),
            ("nationality", b"DE"),
        ];

        let header = compute_bbs_header(b"proof-options", &[]);

        let (signature, messages) = sign_base(&claims, &header, &sk, &pk).unwrap();

        // Holder: disclose only age_over_18 (index 2)
        let proof = derive_proof(
            &pk,
            &signature,
            &header,
            b"verifier-session-nonce",
            &messages,
            &[2],
        )
        .unwrap();

        // Verifier: verify with only the disclosed message
        let disclosed_msg = messages[2].as_slice();
        let valid = verify_proof(
            &pk,
            &proof,
            &header,
            b"verifier-session-nonce",
            &[disclosed_msg],
            &[2],
        )
        .unwrap();

        assert!(valid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn derive_proof_wrong_message_fails() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();

        let claims = vec![("name", b"Alice".as_ref())];
        let header = compute_bbs_header(b"opts", &[]);

        let (signature, messages) = sign_base(&claims, &header, &sk, &pk).unwrap();

        let proof = derive_proof(&pk, &signature, &header, b"ph", &messages, &[0]).unwrap();

        // Verify with wrong message
        let valid = verify_proof(
            &pk,
            &proof,
            &header,
            b"ph",
            &[b"name:Bob"], // Wrong!
            &[0],
        )
        .unwrap();

        assert!(!valid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn proofs_are_unlinkable() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();

        let claims = vec![("attr", b"value".as_ref())];
        let header = compute_bbs_header(b"opts", &[]);

        let (signature, messages) = sign_base(&claims, &header, &sk, &pk).unwrap();

        let proof1 = derive_proof(&pk, &signature, &header, b"session1", &messages, &[0]).unwrap();
        let proof2 = derive_proof(&pk, &signature, &header, b"session2", &messages, &[0]).unwrap();

        assert_ne!(proof1.to_bytes(), proof2.to_bytes());

        // Both verify
        let msg = messages[0].as_slice();
        assert!(verify_proof(&pk, &proof1, &header, b"session1", &[msg], &[0]).unwrap());
        assert!(verify_proof(&pk, &proof2, &header, b"session2", &[msg], &[0]).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn zero_knowledge_existence_proof() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();

        let claims = vec![("secret1", b"hidden".as_ref()), ("secret2", b"also_hidden")];
        let header = compute_bbs_header(b"opts", &[]);

        let (signature, messages) = sign_base(&claims, &header, &sk, &pk).unwrap();

        // Disclose nothing
        let proof = derive_proof(&pk, &signature, &header, b"ph", &messages, &[]).unwrap();

        let valid = verify_proof(&pk, &proof, &header, b"ph", &[], &[]).unwrap();
        assert!(valid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn compute_header_deterministic() {
        let h1 = compute_bbs_header(b"opts", &[b"stmt1", b"stmt2"]);
        let h2 = compute_bbs_header(b"opts", &[b"stmt1", b"stmt2"]);
        assert_eq!(h1, h2);
        assert_eq!(h1.len(), 64); // Two SHA-256 hashes
    }

    #[test]
    fn compute_header_different_inputs() {
        let h1 = compute_bbs_header(b"opts1", &[b"stmt"]);
        let h2 = compute_bbs_header(b"opts2", &[b"stmt"]);
        assert_ne!(h1, h2);
    }

    // --- document-level (W3C VC) round-trip -------------------------------

    fn sample_vc() -> Value {
        serde_json::json!({
            "@context": ["https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2"],
            "type": ["VerifiableCredential", "MembershipCredential"],
            "issuer": "did:webvh:issuer.example",
            "validFrom": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "credentialSubject": {
                "id": "did:key:zHolder",
                "givenName": "Alice",
                "familyName": "Smith",
                "memberLevel": "gold"
            }
        })
    }

    const MANDATORY: &[&str] = &["/@context", "/type", "/issuer", "/credentialSubject/id"];
    const VM: &str = "did:webvh:issuer.example#bbs-key-0";

    fn assert_invalid(r: Result<bool, DataIntegrityError>) {
        assert!(!matches!(r, Ok(true)), "expected invalid, got {r:?}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn vc_base_derive_verify_round_trip() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(base["proof"]["cryptosuite"], "bbs-2023");

        // Disclose only givenName (+ the mandatory claims).
        let derived = derive_vc(&base, &["/credentialSubject/givenName"], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();

        // Disclosed + mandatory claims are present; hidden ones are gone.
        let cs = &derived["credentialSubject"];
        assert_eq!(cs["givenName"], "Alice");
        assert_eq!(cs["id"], "did:key:zHolder");
        assert_eq!(derived["issuer"], "did:webvh:issuer.example");
        assert!(cs.get("familyName").is_none(), "familyName must be hidden");
        assert!(
            cs.get("memberLevel").is_none(),
            "memberLevel must be hidden"
        );

        assert!(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn verify_fails_on_wrong_presentation_header() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        let derived = derive_vc(&base, &["/credentialSubject/givenName"], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();
        assert_invalid(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"different-nonce", &pk));
    }

    #[test]
    fn verify_fails_on_wrong_public_key() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let other = bbs::sk_to_pk(&bbs::keygen(b"another-bbs-key-material-32bytes", b"").unwrap());
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        let derived = derive_vc(&base, &["/credentialSubject/givenName"], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();
        assert_invalid(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"nonce-1", &other));
    }

    #[test]
    fn verify_fails_on_tampered_disclosed_claim() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        let mut derived =
            derive_vc(&base, &["/credentialSubject/givenName"], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();
        derived["credentialSubject"]["givenName"] = Value::String("Mallory".into());
        assert_invalid(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"nonce-1", &pk));
    }

    #[test]
    fn verify_fails_on_tampered_mandatory_claim() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        let mut derived =
            derive_vc(&base, &["/credentialSubject/givenName"], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();
        // Mandatory claims are bound via the header — tampering must fail too.
        derived["issuer"] = Value::String("did:webvh:attacker.example".into());
        assert_invalid(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"nonce-1", &pk));
    }

    #[test]
    fn disclosing_nothing_still_verifies_mandatory() {
        let (sk, pk) = test_keypair();
        let base = sign_vc_base(&sample_vc(), MANDATORY, VM, &sk, &pk).unwrap();
        let derived = derive_vc(&base, &[], b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap();
        // No selective claims disclosed, but the mandatory set is bound + present.
        assert!(derived["credentialSubject"].get("givenName").is_none());
        assert_eq!(derived["credentialSubject"]["id"], "did:key:zHolder");
        assert!(verify_vc_derived(&derived, b"nonce-1", &pk).unwrap());
    }
}