casper_types/transaction/

deploy.rs

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
mod deploy_builder;
pub mod deploy_category;
mod deploy_hash;
mod deploy_header;
mod deploy_id;
mod error;
mod executable_deploy_item;

use alloc::{collections::BTreeSet, vec::Vec};
use core::{
    cmp,
    fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter},
    hash,
};

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use std::convert::TryFrom;

#[cfg(feature = "datasize")]
use datasize::DataSize;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use itertools::Itertools;
#[cfg(feature = "json-schema")]
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
#[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
#[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
use rand::Rng;
#[cfg(feature = "json-schema")]
use schemars::JsonSchema;
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
use tracing::{debug, warn};

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use super::{InitiatorAddr, InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey};
#[cfg(any(
    all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"),
    feature = "json-schema",
    test
))]
use crate::runtime_args;
#[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
use crate::{
    bytesrepr::Bytes,
    system::auction::{
        ARG_AMOUNT as ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT, ARG_DELEGATION_RATE, ARG_DELEGATOR, ARG_NEW_VALIDATOR,
        ARG_PUBLIC_KEY as ARG_AUCTION_PUBLIC_KEY, ARG_VALIDATOR, METHOD_ADD_BID, METHOD_DELEGATE,
        METHOD_REDELEGATE, METHOD_UNDELEGATE, METHOD_WITHDRAW_BID,
    },
    testing::TestRng,
    transaction::RuntimeArgs,
    AddressableEntityHash, URef, DEFAULT_MAX_PAYMENT_MOTES, DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES,
};
use crate::{
    bytesrepr::{self, FromBytes, ToBytes},
    crypto,
    transaction::{Approval, ApprovalsHash},
    Digest, DisplayIter, PublicKey, SecretKey, TimeDiff, Timestamp,
};

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use crate::{chainspec::PricingHandling, Chainspec, LARGE_WASM_LANE_ID};
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
use crate::{system::auction::ARG_AMOUNT, transaction::GasLimited, Gas, Motes, U512};
#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
pub use deploy_builder::{DeployBuilder, DeployBuilderError};
pub use deploy_hash::DeployHash;
pub use deploy_header::DeployHeader;
pub use deploy_id::DeployId;
pub use error::{
    DecodeFromJsonError as DeployDecodeFromJsonError, Error as DeployError,
    ExcessiveSizeError as DeployExcessiveSizeError, InvalidDeploy,
};
pub use executable_deploy_item::{ExecutableDeployItem, ExecutableDeployItemIdentifier};

#[cfg(feature = "json-schema")]
static DEPLOY: Lazy<Deploy> = Lazy::new(|| {
    let payment_args = runtime_args! {
        "amount" => 1000
    };
    let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
        name: String::from("casper-example"),
        entry_point: String::from("example-entry-point"),
        args: payment_args,
    };
    let session_args = runtime_args! {
        "amount" => 1000
    };
    let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer { args: session_args };
    let serialized_body = serialize_body(&payment, &session);
    let body_hash = Digest::hash(serialized_body);

    let secret_key = SecretKey::example();
    let timestamp = *Timestamp::example();
    let header = DeployHeader::new(
        PublicKey::from(secret_key),
        timestamp,
        TimeDiff::from_seconds(3_600),
        1,
        body_hash,
        vec![DeployHash::new(Digest::from([1u8; Digest::LENGTH]))],
        String::from("casper-example"),
    );
    let serialized_header = serialize_header(&header);
    let hash = DeployHash::new(Digest::hash(serialized_header));

    let mut approvals = BTreeSet::new();
    let approval = Approval::create(&hash.into(), secret_key);
    approvals.insert(approval);

    Deploy {
        hash,
        header,
        payment,
        session,
        approvals,
        is_valid: OnceCell::new(),
    }
});

/// A signed smart contract.
///
/// To construct a new `Deploy`, use a [`DeployBuilder`].
#[derive(Clone, Eq, Debug)]
#[cfg_attr(
    any(feature = "std", test),
    derive(Serialize, Deserialize),
    serde(deny_unknown_fields)
)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "datasize", derive(DataSize))]
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = "json-schema",
    derive(JsonSchema),
    schemars(description = "A signed smart contract.")
)]
pub struct Deploy {
    hash: DeployHash,
    header: DeployHeader,
    payment: ExecutableDeployItem,
    session: ExecutableDeployItem,
    approvals: BTreeSet<Approval>,
    #[cfg_attr(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "once_cell"), test), serde(skip))]
    #[cfg_attr(
        all(any(feature = "once_cell", test), feature = "datasize"),
        data_size(skip)
    )]
    #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
    is_valid: OnceCell<Result<(), InvalidDeploy>>,
}

impl Deploy {
    /// Constructs a new signed `Deploy`.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
        gas_price: u64,
        dependencies: Vec<DeployHash>,
        chain_name: String,
        payment: ExecutableDeployItem,
        session: ExecutableDeployItem,
        secret_key: &SecretKey,
        account: Option<PublicKey>,
    ) -> Deploy {
        let account_and_secret_key = match account {
            Some(account) => InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::Both {
                initiator_addr: InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(account),
                secret_key,
            },
            None => InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::SecretKey(secret_key),
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            gas_price,
            dependencies,
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            account_and_secret_key,
        )
    }

    /// Called by the `DeployBuilder` to construct a new `Deploy`.
    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn build(
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
        gas_price: u64,
        dependencies: Vec<DeployHash>,
        chain_name: String,
        payment: ExecutableDeployItem,
        session: ExecutableDeployItem,
        initiator_addr_and_secret_key: InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey,
    ) -> Deploy {
        let serialized_body = serialize_body(&payment, &session);
        let body_hash = Digest::hash(serialized_body);

        let account = match initiator_addr_and_secret_key.initiator_addr() {
            InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(public_key) => public_key,
            InitiatorAddr::AccountHash(_) => unreachable!(),
        };

        let dependencies = dependencies.into_iter().unique().collect();
        let header = DeployHeader::new(
            account,
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            gas_price,
            body_hash,
            dependencies,
            chain_name,
        );
        let serialized_header = serialize_header(&header);
        let hash = DeployHash::new(Digest::hash(serialized_header));

        let mut deploy = Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals: BTreeSet::new(),
            #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
            is_valid: OnceCell::new(),
        };

        if let Some(secret_key) = initiator_addr_and_secret_key.secret_key() {
            deploy.sign(secret_key);
        }
        deploy
    }

    /// Returns the `DeployHash` identifying this `Deploy`.
    pub fn hash(&self) -> &DeployHash {
        &self.hash
    }

    /// Returns the public key of the account providing the context in which to run the `Deploy`.
    pub fn account(&self) -> &PublicKey {
        self.header.account()
    }

    /// Returns the creation timestamp of the `Deploy`.
    pub fn timestamp(&self) -> Timestamp {
        self.header.timestamp()
    }

    /// Returns the duration after the creation timestamp for which the `Deploy` will stay valid.
    ///
    /// After this duration has ended, the `Deploy` will be considered expired.
    pub fn ttl(&self) -> TimeDiff {
        self.header.ttl()
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the `Deploy` has expired.
    pub fn expired(&self, current_instant: Timestamp) -> bool {
        self.header.expired(current_instant)
    }

    /// Returns the sender's gas price tolerance for block inclusion.
    pub fn gas_price(&self) -> u64 {
        self.header.gas_price()
    }

    /// Returns the hash of the body (i.e. the Wasm code) of the `Deploy`.
    pub fn body_hash(&self) -> &Digest {
        self.header.body_hash()
    }

    /// Returns the name of the chain the `Deploy` should be executed on.
    pub fn chain_name(&self) -> &str {
        self.header.chain_name()
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the `DeployHeader` of this `Deploy`.
    pub fn header(&self) -> &DeployHeader {
        &self.header
    }

    /// Consumes `self`, returning the `DeployHeader` of this `Deploy`.
    pub fn take_header(self) -> DeployHeader {
        self.header
    }

    /// Returns the `ExecutableDeployItem` for payment code.
    pub fn payment(&self) -> &ExecutableDeployItem {
        &self.payment
    }

    /// Returns the `ExecutableDeployItem` for session code.
    pub fn session(&self) -> &ExecutableDeployItem {
        &self.session
    }

    /// Returns the `Approval`s for this deploy.
    pub fn approvals(&self) -> &BTreeSet<Approval> {
        &self.approvals
    }

    /// Consumes `self`, returning a tuple of its constituent parts.
    pub fn destructure(
        self,
    ) -> (
        DeployHash,
        DeployHeader,
        ExecutableDeployItem,
        ExecutableDeployItem,
        BTreeSet<Approval>,
    ) {
        (
            self.hash,
            self.header,
            self.payment,
            self.session,
            self.approvals,
        )
    }

    /// Adds a signature of this `Deploy`'s hash to its approvals.
    pub fn sign(&mut self, secret_key: &SecretKey) {
        let approval = Approval::create(&self.hash.into(), secret_key);
        self.approvals.insert(approval);
    }

    /// Returns the `ApprovalsHash` of this `Deploy`'s approvals.
    pub fn compute_approvals_hash(&self) -> Result<ApprovalsHash, bytesrepr::Error> {
        ApprovalsHash::compute(&self.approvals)
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the serialized size of the deploy is not greater than
    /// `max_transaction_size`.
    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
    pub fn is_valid_size(&self, max_transaction_size: u32) -> Result<(), DeployExcessiveSizeError> {
        let deploy_size = self.serialized_length();
        if deploy_size > max_transaction_size as usize {
            return Err(DeployExcessiveSizeError {
                max_transaction_size,
                actual_deploy_size: deploy_size,
            });
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns `Ok` if and only if this `Deploy`'s body hashes to the value of `body_hash()`, and
    /// if this `Deploy`'s header hashes to the value claimed as the deploy hash.
    pub fn has_valid_hash(&self) -> Result<(), InvalidDeploy> {
        let serialized_body = serialize_body(&self.payment, &self.session);
        let body_hash = Digest::hash(serialized_body);
        if body_hash != *self.header.body_hash() {
            #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
            warn!(?self, ?body_hash, "invalid deploy body hash");
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::InvalidBodyHash);
        }

        let serialized_header = serialize_header(&self.header);
        let hash = DeployHash::new(Digest::hash(serialized_header));
        if hash != self.hash {
            #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
            warn!(?self, ?hash, "invalid deploy hash");
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::InvalidDeployHash);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns `Ok` if and only if:
    ///   * the deploy hash is correct (should be the hash of the header), and
    ///   * the body hash is correct (should be the hash of the body), and
    ///   * approvals are non empty, and
    ///   * all approvals are valid signatures of the deploy hash
    pub fn is_valid(&self) -> Result<(), InvalidDeploy> {
        #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
        return self.is_valid.get_or_init(|| validate_deploy(self)).clone();

        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "once_cell", test)))]
        validate_deploy(self)
    }

    /// Returns `true` if this deploy is a native transfer.
    pub fn is_transfer(&self) -> bool {
        self.session.is_transfer()
    }

    /// Should this transaction start in the initiating accounts context?
    pub fn is_account_session(&self) -> bool {
        // legacy deploys are always initiated by an account
        true
    }

    /// Returns `Ok` if and only if:
    ///   * the chain_name is correct,
    ///   * the configured parameters are complied with at the given timestamp
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn is_config_compliant(
        &self,
        chainspec: &Chainspec,
        timestamp_leeway: TimeDiff,
        at: Timestamp,
    ) -> Result<(), InvalidDeploy> {
        let config = &chainspec.transaction_config;

        if !config.runtime_config.vm_casper_v1 {
            // Not config compliant if V1 runtime is disabled.
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::InvalidRuntime);
        }

        // We're assuming that Deploy can have a maximum size of an InstallUpgrade transaction.
        //  We're passing 0 as transaction size since determining max transaction size for
        //  InstallUpgrade doesn't rely on the size of transaction
        let max_transaction_size = config
            .transaction_v1_config
            .get_max_serialized_length(LARGE_WASM_LANE_ID);
        self.is_valid_size(max_transaction_size as u32)?;

        let header = self.header();
        let chain_name = &chainspec.network_config.name;

        if header.chain_name() != chain_name {
            debug!(
                deploy_hash = %self.hash(),
                deploy_header = %header,
                chain_name = %header.chain_name(),
                "invalid chain identifier"
            );
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::InvalidChainName {
                expected: chain_name.to_string(),
                got: header.chain_name().to_string(),
            });
        }

        let min_gas_price = chainspec.vacancy_config.min_gas_price;
        let gas_price_tolerance = self.gas_price_tolerance()?;
        if gas_price_tolerance < min_gas_price {
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::GasPriceToleranceTooLow {
                min_gas_price_tolerance: min_gas_price,
                provided_gas_price_tolerance: gas_price_tolerance,
            });
        }

        header.is_valid(config, timestamp_leeway, at, &self.hash)?;

        let max_associated_keys = chainspec.core_config.max_associated_keys;
        if self.approvals.len() > max_associated_keys as usize {
            debug!(
                deploy_hash = %self.hash(),
                number_of_associated_keys = %self.approvals.len(),
                max_associated_keys = %max_associated_keys,
                "number of associated keys exceeds the maximum limit"
            );
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::ExcessiveApprovals {
                got: self.approvals.len() as u32,
                max_associated_keys,
            });
        }

        let gas_limit = self.gas_limit(chainspec)?;
        let block_gas_limit = Gas::new(config.block_gas_limit);
        if gas_limit > block_gas_limit {
            debug!(
                payment_amount = %gas_limit,
                %block_gas_limit,
                    "transaction gas limit exceeds block gas limit"
            );
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::ExceededBlockGasLimit {
                block_gas_limit: config.block_gas_limit,
                got: Box::new(gas_limit.value()),
            });
        }

        let payment_args_length = self.payment().args().serialized_length();
        if payment_args_length > config.deploy_config.payment_args_max_length as usize {
            debug!(
                payment_args_length,
                payment_args_max_length = config.deploy_config.payment_args_max_length,
                "payment args excessive"
            );
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::ExcessivePaymentArgsLength {
                max_length: config.deploy_config.payment_args_max_length as usize,
                got: payment_args_length,
            });
        }

        let session_args_length = self.session().args().serialized_length();
        if session_args_length > config.deploy_config.session_args_max_length as usize {
            debug!(
                session_args_length,
                session_args_max_length = config.deploy_config.session_args_max_length,
                "session args excessive"
            );
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::ExcessiveSessionArgsLength {
                max_length: config.deploy_config.session_args_max_length as usize,
                got: session_args_length,
            });
        }

        if self.session().is_transfer() {
            let item = self.session().clone();
            let attempted = item
                .args()
                .get(ARG_AMOUNT)
                .ok_or_else(|| {
                    debug!("missing transfer 'amount' runtime argument");
                    InvalidDeploy::MissingTransferAmount
                })?
                .clone()
                .into_t::<U512>()
                .map_err(|_| {
                    debug!("failed to parse transfer 'amount' runtime argument as a U512");
                    InvalidDeploy::FailedToParseTransferAmount
                })?;
            let minimum = U512::from(config.native_transfer_minimum_motes);
            if attempted < minimum {
                debug!(
                    minimum = %config.native_transfer_minimum_motes,
                    amount = %attempted,
                    "insufficient transfer amount"
                );
                return Err(InvalidDeploy::InsufficientTransferAmount {
                    minimum: Box::new(minimum),
                    attempted: Box::new(attempted),
                });
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    // This method is not intended to be used by third party crates.
    //
    // It is required to allow finalized approvals to be injected after reading a `Deploy` from
    // storage.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn with_approvals(mut self, approvals: BTreeSet<Approval>) -> Self {
        self.approvals = approvals;
        self
    }

    // This method is not intended to be used by third party crates.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    #[cfg(feature = "json-schema")]
    pub fn example() -> &'static Self {
        &DEPLOY
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy`.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let timestamp = Timestamp::random(rng);
        let ttl = TimeDiff::from_seconds(rng.gen_range(60..300));
        Deploy::random_with_timestamp_and_ttl(rng, timestamp, ttl)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` but using the specified `timestamp` and `ttl`.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_timestamp_and_ttl(
        rng: &mut TestRng,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let gas_price = rng.gen_range(1..100);

        let dependencies = vec![];
        let chain_name = String::from("casper-example");

        // We need "amount" in order to be able to get correct info via `deploy_info()`.
        let payment_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(DEFAULT_MAX_PAYMENT_MOTES),
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: String::from("casper-example"),
            entry_point: String::from("example-entry-point"),
            args: payment_args,
        };

        let session = rng.gen();

        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);

        Deploy::new(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            gas_price,
            dependencies,
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Turns `self` into an invalid `Deploy` by clearing the `chain_name`, invalidating the deploy
    /// hash.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn invalidate(&mut self) {
        self.header.invalidate();
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` for a native transfer.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_valid_native_transfer(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let timestamp = Timestamp::now();
        let ttl = TimeDiff::from_seconds(rng.gen_range(60..300));
        Self::random_valid_native_transfer_with_timestamp_and_ttl(rng, timestamp, ttl)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` for a native transfer with timestamp and ttl.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_valid_native_transfer_with_timestamp_and_ttl(
        rng: &mut TestRng,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random_with_timestamp_and_ttl(rng, timestamp, ttl);
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES),
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let payment_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(10),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: payment_args,
        };
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);
        Deploy::new(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            deploy.header.gas_price(),
            deploy.header.dependencies().clone(),
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            payment,
            session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` for a native transfer with no dependencies.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_valid_native_transfer_without_deps(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random(rng);
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES),
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let payment_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(10),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: payment_args,
        };
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);
        Deploy::new(
            Timestamp::now(),
            deploy.header.ttl(),
            deploy.header.gas_price(),
            vec![],
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            payment,
            session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` without a payment amount specified.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_without_payment_amount(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: RuntimeArgs::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with an invalid value for the payment amount.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_mangled_payment_amount(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => "invalid-argument"
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: payment_args,
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored contract by name.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_valid_custom_payment_contract_by_name(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "Test".to_string(),
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored contract by
    /// hash, but missing the runtime args.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_payment_contract_by_hash(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: [19; 32].into(),
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored contract by
    /// hash, but calling an invalid entry point.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_entry_point_in_payment_contract(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: [19; 32].into(),
            entry_point: "non-existent-entry-point".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored versioned contract by
    /// name.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_valid_custom_payment_package_by_name(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByName {
            name: "Test".to_string(),
            version: None,
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored versioned
    /// contract by hash, but missing the runtime args.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_payment_package_by_hash(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByHash {
            hash: Default::default(),
            version: None,
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom payment specified as a stored versioned
    /// contract by hash, but calling an invalid entry point.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_nonexistent_contract_version_in_payment_package(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByHash {
            hash: [19; 32].into(),
            version: Some(6u32),
            entry_point: "non-existent-entry-point".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored contract by name.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_valid_session_contract_by_name(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "Test".to_string(),
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored contract by
    /// hash, but missing the runtime args.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_session_contract_by_hash(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: Default::default(),
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored contract by
    /// hash, but calling an invalid entry point.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_entry_point_in_session_contract(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: [19; 32].into(),
            entry_point: "non-existent-entry-point".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored versioned contract by
    /// name.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_valid_session_package_by_name(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByName {
            name: "Test".to_string(),
            version: None,
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random deploy with custom session specified as a stored versioned contract by
    /// name.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_contract_by_name(
        rng: &mut TestRng,
        maybe_secret_key: Option<SecretKey>,
        maybe_contract_name: Option<String>,
        maybe_entry_point_name: Option<String>,
        maybe_timestamp: Option<Timestamp>,
        maybe_ttl: Option<TimeDiff>,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(10),
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: payment_args,
        };
        let contract_name = match maybe_contract_name {
            None => "Test".to_string(),
            Some(contract_name) => contract_name,
        };
        let entry_point_name = match maybe_entry_point_name {
            None => "Test".to_string(),
            Some(entry_point_name) => entry_point_name,
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByName {
            name: contract_name,
            version: None,
            entry_point: entry_point_name,
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        let secret_key = match maybe_secret_key {
            None => SecretKey::random(rng),
            Some(secret_key) => secret_key,
        };
        let timestamp = match maybe_timestamp {
            None => Timestamp::now(),
            Some(timestamp) => timestamp,
        };
        let ttl = match maybe_ttl {
            None => TimeDiff::from_seconds(rng.gen_range(60..3600)),
            Some(ttl) => ttl,
        };
        Deploy::new(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            "test_chain".to_string(),
            payment,
            session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored versioned
    /// contract by hash, but missing the runtime args.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_missing_session_package_by_hash(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByHash {
            hash: Default::default(),
            version: None,
            entry_point: "call".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with custom session specified as a stored versioned
    /// contract by hash, but calling an invalid entry point.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_nonexistent_contract_version_in_session_package(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredVersionedContractByHash {
            hash: [19; 32].into(),
            version: Some(6u32),
            entry_point: "non-existent-entry-point".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid transfer `Deploy` with the "target" runtime arg missing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_without_transfer_target(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES),
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid transfer `Deploy` with the "amount" runtime arg missing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_without_transfer_amount(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid transfer `Deploy` with an invalid "amount" runtime arg.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_mangled_transfer_amount(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => "mangled-transfer-amount",
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with empty session bytes.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_empty_session_module_bytes(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_session(rng, session)
    }

    /// Returns a random invalid `Deploy` with an expired TTL.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_expired_deploy(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random_valid_native_transfer(rng);
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);

        Deploy::new(
            Timestamp::zero(),
            TimeDiff::from_seconds(1u32),
            deploy.header.gas_price(),
            deploy.header.dependencies().clone(),
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            deploy.payment,
            deploy.session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Returns a random `Deploy` with native transfer as payment code.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_native_transfer_in_payment_logic(rng: &mut TestRng) -> Self {
        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES),
            "source" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        Self::random_transfer_with_payment(rng, payment)
    }

    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    fn random_transfer_with_payment(rng: &mut TestRng, payment: ExecutableDeployItem) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random_valid_native_transfer(rng);
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);

        Deploy::new(
            deploy.header.timestamp(),
            deploy.header.ttl(),
            deploy.header.gas_price(),
            deploy.header.dependencies().clone(),
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            payment,
            deploy.session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    fn random_transfer_with_session(rng: &mut TestRng, session: ExecutableDeployItem) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random_valid_native_transfer(rng);
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);

        Deploy::new(
            deploy.header.timestamp(),
            deploy.header.ttl(),
            deploy.header.gas_price(),
            deploy.header.dependencies().clone(),
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            deploy.payment,
            session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Returns a random valid `Deploy` with specified gas price.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn random_with_gas_price(rng: &mut TestRng, gas_price: u64) -> Self {
        let deploy = Self::random(rng);
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);

        Deploy::new(
            deploy.header.timestamp(),
            deploy.header.ttl(),
            gas_price,
            deploy.header.dependencies().clone(),
            deploy.header.chain_name().to_string(),
            deploy.payment,
            deploy.session,
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    /// Creates an add bid deploy, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn add_bid(
        chain_name: String,
        auction_contract_hash: AddressableEntityHash,
        public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: U512,
        delegation_rate: u8,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(6_000_000_000_000u64) },
        };
        let args = runtime_args! {
            ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT => amount,
            ARG_AUCTION_PUBLIC_KEY => public_key.clone(),
            ARG_DELEGATION_RATE => delegation_rate,
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: auction_contract_hash.into(),
            entry_point: METHOD_ADD_BID.to_string(),
            args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(public_key)),
        )
    }

    /// Creates a withdraw bid deploy, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn withdraw_bid(
        chain_name: String,
        auction_contract_hash: AddressableEntityHash,
        public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: U512,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(3_000_000_000_u64) },
        };
        let args = runtime_args! {
            ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT => amount,
            ARG_AUCTION_PUBLIC_KEY => public_key.clone(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: auction_contract_hash.into(),
            entry_point: METHOD_WITHDRAW_BID.to_string(),
            args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(public_key)),
        )
    }

    /// Creates a delegate deploy, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn delegate(
        chain_name: String,
        auction_contract_hash: AddressableEntityHash,
        validator_public_key: PublicKey,
        delegator_public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: U512,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(3_000_000_000_u64) },
        };
        let args = runtime_args! {
            ARG_DELEGATOR => delegator_public_key.clone(),
            ARG_VALIDATOR => validator_public_key,
            ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT => amount,
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: auction_contract_hash.into(),
            entry_point: METHOD_DELEGATE.to_string(),
            args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(
                delegator_public_key,
            )),
        )
    }

    /// Creates an undelegate deploy, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    pub fn undelegate(
        chain_name: String,
        auction_contract_hash: AddressableEntityHash,
        validator_public_key: PublicKey,
        delegator_public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: U512,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(3_000_000_000_u64) },
        };
        let args = runtime_args! {
            ARG_DELEGATOR => delegator_public_key.clone(),
            ARG_VALIDATOR => validator_public_key,
            ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT => amount,
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: auction_contract_hash.into(),
            entry_point: METHOD_UNDELEGATE.to_string(),
            args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(
                delegator_public_key,
            )),
        )
    }

    /// Creates an redelegate deploy, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn redelegate(
        chain_name: String,
        auction_contract_hash: AddressableEntityHash,
        validator_public_key: PublicKey,
        delegator_public_key: PublicKey,
        redelegate_validator_public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: U512,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
    ) -> Self {
        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(3_000_000_000_u64) },
        };
        let args = runtime_args! {
            ARG_DELEGATOR => delegator_public_key.clone(),
            ARG_VALIDATOR => validator_public_key,
            ARG_NEW_VALIDATOR => redelegate_validator_public_key,
            ARG_AUCTION_AMOUNT => amount,
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByHash {
            hash: auction_contract_hash.into(),
            entry_point: METHOD_REDELEGATE.to_string(),
            args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            1,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(
                delegator_public_key,
            )),
        )
    }

    /// Creates a native transfer, for testing.
    #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn native_transfer(
        chain_name: String,
        source_purse: Option<URef>,
        sender_public_key: PublicKey,
        receiver_public_key: PublicKey,
        amount: Option<U512>,
        timestamp: Timestamp,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
        gas_price: u64,
    ) -> Self {
        let amount = amount.unwrap_or_else(|| U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES));

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! { ARG_AMOUNT => U512::from(3_000_000_000_u64) },
        };

        let mut transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => amount,
            "target" => receiver_public_key.to_account_hash(),
        };

        if let Some(source) = source_purse {
            transfer_args
                .insert("source", source)
                .expect("should serialize source arg");
        }

        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };

        Deploy::build(
            timestamp,
            ttl,
            gas_price,
            vec![],
            chain_name,
            payment,
            session,
            InitiatorAddrAndSecretKey::InitiatorAddr(InitiatorAddr::PublicKey(sender_public_key)),
        )
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
impl GasLimited for Deploy {
    type Error = InvalidDeploy;

    fn gas_cost(&self, chainspec: &Chainspec, gas_price: u8) -> Result<Motes, Self::Error> {
        let gas_limit = self.gas_limit(chainspec)?;
        let motes =
            Motes::from_gas(gas_limit, gas_price).ok_or(InvalidDeploy::UnableToCalculateGasCost)?;
        Ok(motes)
    }

    fn gas_limit(&self, chainspec: &Chainspec) -> Result<Gas, Self::Error> {
        let pricing_handling = chainspec.core_config.pricing_handling;
        let costs = &chainspec.system_costs_config;
        let gas_limit = match pricing_handling {
            PricingHandling::Classic => {
                // in the original implementation, for standard deploys the payment amount
                // specified by the sender is the gas limit (up to the max block limit).
                if self.is_transfer() {
                    Gas::new(costs.mint_costs().transfer)
                } else {
                    let value = self
                        .payment()
                        .args()
                        .get(ARG_AMOUNT)
                        .ok_or(InvalidDeploy::MissingPaymentAmount)?;
                    let payment_amount = value
                        .clone()
                        .into_t::<U512>()
                        .map_err(|_| InvalidDeploy::FailedToParsePaymentAmount)?;
                    Gas::new(payment_amount)
                }
            }
            PricingHandling::Fixed => {
                // in fixed, the computation limit is fixed per the chainspec settings
                let computation_limit = if self.is_transfer() {
                    costs.mint_costs().transfer as u64
                } else {
                    chainspec.get_max_gas_limit_by_category(LARGE_WASM_LANE_ID)
                };
                Gas::new(computation_limit)
            } // legacy deploys do not support prepaid
        };
        Ok(gas_limit)
    }

    fn gas_price_tolerance(&self) -> Result<u8, Self::Error> {
        u8::try_from(self.gas_price()).map_err(|_| Self::Error::UnableToCalculateGasLimit)
    }
}

impl hash::Hash for Deploy {
    fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        // Destructure to make sure we don't accidentally omit fields.
        #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
            is_valid: _,
        } = self;
        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "once_cell", test)))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
        } = self;
        hash.hash(state);
        header.hash(state);
        payment.hash(state);
        session.hash(state);
        approvals.hash(state);
    }
}

impl PartialEq for Deploy {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Deploy) -> bool {
        // Destructure to make sure we don't accidentally omit fields.
        #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
            is_valid: _,
        } = self;
        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "once_cell", test)))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
        } = self;
        *hash == other.hash
            && *header == other.header
            && *payment == other.payment
            && *session == other.session
            && *approvals == other.approvals
    }
}

impl Ord for Deploy {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Deploy) -> cmp::Ordering {
        // Destructure to make sure we don't accidentally omit fields.
        #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
            is_valid: _,
        } = self;
        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "once_cell", test)))]
        let Deploy {
            hash,
            header,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
        } = self;
        hash.cmp(&other.hash)
            .then_with(|| header.cmp(&other.header))
            .then_with(|| payment.cmp(&other.payment))
            .then_with(|| session.cmp(&other.session))
            .then_with(|| approvals.cmp(&other.approvals))
    }
}

impl PartialOrd for Deploy {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Deploy) -> Option<cmp::Ordering> {
        Some(self.cmp(other))
    }
}

impl ToBytes for Deploy {
    fn to_bytes(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, bytesrepr::Error> {
        let mut buffer = bytesrepr::allocate_buffer(self)?;
        self.write_bytes(&mut buffer)?;
        Ok(buffer)
    }

    fn serialized_length(&self) -> usize {
        self.header.serialized_length()
            + self.hash.serialized_length()
            + self.payment.serialized_length()
            + self.session.serialized_length()
            + self.approvals.serialized_length()
    }

    fn write_bytes(&self, writer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), bytesrepr::Error> {
        self.header.write_bytes(writer)?;
        self.hash.write_bytes(writer)?;
        self.payment.write_bytes(writer)?;
        self.session.write_bytes(writer)?;
        self.approvals.write_bytes(writer)
    }
}

impl FromBytes for Deploy {
    fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(Self, &[u8]), bytesrepr::Error> {
        let (header, remainder) = DeployHeader::from_bytes(bytes)?;
        let (hash, remainder) = DeployHash::from_bytes(remainder)?;
        let (payment, remainder) = ExecutableDeployItem::from_bytes(remainder)?;
        let (session, remainder) = ExecutableDeployItem::from_bytes(remainder)?;
        let (approvals, remainder) = BTreeSet::<Approval>::from_bytes(remainder)?;
        let maybe_valid_deploy = Deploy {
            header,
            hash,
            payment,
            session,
            approvals,
            #[cfg(any(feature = "once_cell", test))]
            is_valid: OnceCell::new(),
        };
        Ok((maybe_valid_deploy, remainder))
    }
}

impl Display for Deploy {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            formatter,
            "deploy[{}, {}, payment_code: {}, session_code: {}, approvals: {}]",
            self.hash,
            self.header,
            self.payment,
            self.session,
            DisplayIter::new(self.approvals.iter())
        )
    }
}

fn serialize_header(header: &DeployHeader) -> Vec<u8> {
    header
        .to_bytes()
        .unwrap_or_else(|error| panic!("should serialize deploy header: {}", error))
}

fn serialize_body(payment: &ExecutableDeployItem, session: &ExecutableDeployItem) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(payment.serialized_length() + session.serialized_length());
    payment
        .write_bytes(&mut buffer)
        .unwrap_or_else(|error| panic!("should serialize payment code: {}", error));
    session
        .write_bytes(&mut buffer)
        .unwrap_or_else(|error| panic!("should serialize session code: {}", error));
    buffer
}

/// Computationally expensive validity check for a given deploy instance, including asymmetric_key
/// signing verification.
fn validate_deploy(deploy: &Deploy) -> Result<(), InvalidDeploy> {
    if deploy.approvals.is_empty() {
        #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
        warn!(?deploy, "deploy has no approvals");
        return Err(InvalidDeploy::EmptyApprovals);
    }

    deploy.has_valid_hash()?;

    for (index, approval) in deploy.approvals.iter().enumerate() {
        if let Err(error) = crypto::verify(deploy.hash, approval.signature(), approval.signer()) {
            #[cfg(any(all(feature = "std", feature = "testing"), test))]
            warn!(?deploy, "failed to verify approval {}: {}", index, error);
            return Err(InvalidDeploy::InvalidApproval { index, error });
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::{iter, time::Duration};

    use super::*;
    use crate::{CLValue, TransactionConfig};

    #[test]
    fn json_roundtrip() {
        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let deploy = Deploy::random(&mut rng);
        let json_string = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&deploy).unwrap();
        let decoded = serde_json::from_str(&json_string).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(deploy, decoded);
    }

    #[test]
    fn bincode_roundtrip() {
        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let deploy = Deploy::random(&mut rng);
        let serialized = bincode::serialize(&deploy).unwrap();
        let deserialized = bincode::deserialize(&serialized).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(deploy, deserialized);
    }

    #[test]
    fn bytesrepr_roundtrip() {
        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let deploy = Deploy::random(&mut rng);
        bytesrepr::test_serialization_roundtrip(deploy.header());
        bytesrepr::test_serialization_roundtrip(&deploy);
    }

    fn create_deploy(
        rng: &mut TestRng,
        ttl: TimeDiff,
        dependency_count: usize,
        chain_name: &str,
        gas_price: u64,
    ) -> Deploy {
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(rng);
        let dependencies = iter::repeat_with(|| DeployHash::random(rng))
            .take(dependency_count)
            .collect();
        let transfer_args = {
            let mut transfer_args = RuntimeArgs::new();
            let value = CLValue::from_t(U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES))
                .expect("should create CLValue");
            transfer_args.insert_cl_value("amount", value);
            transfer_args
        };
        Deploy::new(
            Timestamp::now(),
            ttl,
            gas_price,
            dependencies,
            chain_name.to_string(),
            ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
                module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
                args: RuntimeArgs::new(),
            },
            ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
                args: transfer_args,
            },
            &secret_key,
            None,
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn is_valid() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            TransactionConfig::default().max_ttl,
            0,
            "net-1",
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_valid.get(),
            None,
            "is valid should initially be None"
        );
        deploy.is_valid().expect("should be valid");
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_valid.get(),
            Some(&Ok(())),
            "is valid should be true"
        );
    }

    fn check_is_not_valid(invalid_deploy: Deploy, expected_error: InvalidDeploy) {
        assert!(
            invalid_deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "is valid should initially be None"
        );
        let actual_error = invalid_deploy.is_valid().unwrap_err();

        // Ignore the `error_msg` field of `InvalidApproval` when comparing to expected error, as
        // this makes the test too fragile.  Otherwise expect the actual error should exactly match
        // the expected error.
        match expected_error {
            InvalidDeploy::InvalidApproval {
                index: expected_index,
                ..
            } => match actual_error {
                InvalidDeploy::InvalidApproval {
                    index: actual_index,
                    ..
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(actual_index, expected_index);
                }
                _ => panic!("expected {}, got: {}", expected_error, actual_error),
            },
            _ => {
                assert_eq!(actual_error, expected_error,);
            }
        }

        // The actual error should have been lazily initialized correctly.
        assert_eq!(
            invalid_deploy.is_valid.get(),
            Some(&Err(actual_error)),
            "is valid should now be Some"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_valid_due_to_invalid_body_hash() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            TransactionConfig::default().max_ttl,
            0,
            "net-1",
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        deploy.session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => 1
            },
        };
        check_is_not_valid(deploy, InvalidDeploy::InvalidBodyHash);
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_valid_due_to_invalid_deploy_hash() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            TransactionConfig::default().max_ttl,
            0,
            "net-1",
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        // deploy.header.gas_price = 2;
        deploy.invalidate();
        check_is_not_valid(deploy, InvalidDeploy::InvalidDeployHash);
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_valid_due_to_empty_approvals() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            TransactionConfig::default().max_ttl,
            0,
            "net-1",
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        deploy.approvals = BTreeSet::new();
        assert!(deploy.approvals.is_empty());
        check_is_not_valid(deploy, InvalidDeploy::EmptyApprovals)
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_valid_due_to_invalid_approval() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            TransactionConfig::default().max_ttl,
            0,
            "net-1",
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let deploy2 = Deploy::random(&mut rng);

        deploy.approvals.extend(deploy2.approvals.clone());
        // the expected index for the invalid approval will be the first index at which there is an
        // approval coming from deploy2
        let expected_index = deploy
            .approvals
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .find(|(_, approval)| deploy2.approvals.contains(approval))
            .map(|(index, _)| index)
            .unwrap();
        check_is_not_valid(
            deploy,
            InvalidDeploy::InvalidApproval {
                index: expected_index,
                error: crypto::Error::SignatureError, // This field is ignored in the check.
            },
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn is_acceptable() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1".to_string();
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            &chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        deploy
            .is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp)
            .expect("should be acceptable");
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_invalid_chain_name() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let expected_chain_name = "net-1";
        let wrong_chain_name = "net-2".to_string();

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(expected_chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            &wrong_chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let expected_error = InvalidDeploy::InvalidChainName {
            expected: expected_chain_name.to_string(),
            got: wrong_chain_name,
        };

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(expected_error)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_excessive_dependencies() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            1,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let expected_error = InvalidDeploy::DependenciesNoLongerSupported;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(expected_error)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_excessive_ttl() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let ttl = config.max_ttl + TimeDiff::from(Duration::from_secs(1));

        let deploy = create_deploy(&mut rng, ttl, 0, chain_name, GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64);

        let expected_error = InvalidDeploy::ExcessiveTimeToLive {
            max_ttl: config.max_ttl,
            got: ttl,
        };

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(expected_error)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_timestamp_in_future() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let leeway = TimeDiff::from_seconds(2);

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        let current_timestamp = deploy.header.timestamp() - leeway - TimeDiff::from_seconds(1);

        let expected_error = InvalidDeploy::TimestampInFuture {
            validation_timestamp: current_timestamp,
            timestamp_leeway: leeway,
            got: deploy.header.timestamp(),
        };

        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, leeway, current_timestamp),
            Err(expected_error)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn acceptable_if_timestamp_slightly_in_future() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let leeway = TimeDiff::from_seconds(2);

        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        let current_timestamp = deploy.header.timestamp() - (leeway / 2);
        deploy
            .is_config_compliant(&chainspec, leeway, current_timestamp)
            .expect("should be acceptable");
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_missing_payment_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        chainspec.with_pricing_handling(PricingHandling::Classic);
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: RuntimeArgs::default(),
        };

        // Create an empty session object that is not transfer to ensure
        // that the payment amount is checked.
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "".to_string(),
            entry_point: "".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };

        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        deploy.payment = payment;
        deploy.session = session;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(InvalidDeploy::MissingPaymentAmount)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_mangled_payment_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        chainspec.with_pricing_handling(PricingHandling::Classic);
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => "mangled-amount"
            },
        };

        // Create an empty session object that is not transfer to ensure
        // that the payment amount is checked.
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "".to_string(),
            entry_point: "".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };

        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        deploy.payment = payment;
        deploy.session = session;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(InvalidDeploy::FailedToParsePaymentAmount)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_excessive_payment_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        chainspec.with_pricing_handling(PricingHandling::Classic);
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let amount = U512::from(config.block_gas_limit + 1);

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => amount
            },
        };

        // Create an empty session object that is not transfer to ensure
        // that the payment amount is checked.
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "".to_string(),
            entry_point: "".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };

        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        deploy.payment = payment;
        deploy.session = session;

        let expected_error = InvalidDeploy::ExceededBlockGasLimit {
            block_gas_limit: config.block_gas_limit,
            got: Box::new(amount),
        };

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp),
            Err(expected_error)
        );
        assert!(
            deploy.is_valid.get().is_none(),
            "deploy should not have run expensive `is_valid` call"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn transfer_acceptable_regardless_of_excessive_payment_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let secret_key = SecretKey::random(&mut rng);
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let amount = U512::from(config.block_gas_limit + 1);

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => amount
            },
        };

        let transfer_args = {
            let mut transfer_args = RuntimeArgs::new();
            let value = CLValue::from_t(U512::from(DEFAULT_MIN_TRANSFER_MOTES))
                .expect("should create CLValue");
            transfer_args.insert_cl_value("amount", value);
            transfer_args
        };

        let deploy = Deploy::new(
            Timestamp::now(),
            config.max_ttl,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
            vec![],
            chain_name.to_string(),
            payment,
            ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
                args: transfer_args,
            },
            &secret_key,
            None,
        );

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            Ok(()),
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp)
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_excessive_approvals() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";

        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());
        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        // This test is to ensure a given limit is being checked.
        // Therefore, set the limit to one less than the approvals in the deploy.
        let max_associated_keys = (deploy.approvals.len() - 1) as u32;
        chainspec.with_max_associated_keys(max_associated_keys);
        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            Err(InvalidDeploy::ExcessiveApprovals {
                got: deploy.approvals.len() as u32,
                max_associated_keys,
            }),
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp)
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_missing_transfer_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let transfer_args = RuntimeArgs::default();
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        deploy.session = session;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            Err(InvalidDeploy::MissingTransferAmount),
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp)
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_mangled_transfer_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => "mangled-amount",
            "source" => PublicKey::random(&mut rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(&mut rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        deploy.session = session;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            Err(InvalidDeploy::FailedToParseTransferAmount),
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp)
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_too_low_gas_price_tolerance() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = 0;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert!(matches!(
            deploy.is_config_compliant(
                &chainspec,
                TimeDiff::default(),
                current_timestamp
            ),
            Err(InvalidDeploy::GasPriceToleranceTooLow { min_gas_price_tolerance, provided_gas_price_tolerance })
                if min_gas_price_tolerance == chainspec.vacancy_config.min_gas_price && provided_gas_price_tolerance == GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE
        ))
    }

    #[test]
    fn not_acceptable_due_to_insufficient_transfer_amount() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec.with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string());

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();
        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );

        let amount = config.native_transfer_minimum_motes - 1;
        let insufficient_amount = U512::from(amount);

        let transfer_args = runtime_args! {
            "amount" => insufficient_amount,
            "source" => PublicKey::random(&mut rng).to_account_hash(),
            "target" => PublicKey::random(&mut rng).to_account_hash(),
        };
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::Transfer {
            args: transfer_args,
        };
        deploy.session = session;

        let current_timestamp = deploy.header().timestamp();
        assert_eq!(
            Err(InvalidDeploy::InsufficientTransferAmount {
                minimum: Box::new(U512::from(config.native_transfer_minimum_motes)),
                attempted: Box::new(insufficient_amount),
            }),
            deploy.is_config_compliant(&chainspec, TimeDiff::default(), current_timestamp,)
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn should_use_payment_amount_for_classic_payment() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let payment_amount = 500u64;
        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec
            .with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string())
            .with_pricing_handling(PricingHandling::Classic);

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => U512::from(payment_amount)
            },
        };

        // Create an empty session object that is not transfer to ensure
        // that the payment amount is checked.
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "".to_string(),
            entry_point: "".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };

        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        deploy.payment = payment;
        deploy.session = session;

        let mut gas_price = 1;
        let cost = deploy
            .gas_cost(&chainspec, gas_price)
            .expect("should cost")
            .value();
        assert_eq!(
            cost,
            U512::from(payment_amount),
            "in classic pricing, the user selected amount should be the cost if gas price is 1"
        );
        gas_price += 1;
        let cost = deploy
            .gas_cost(&chainspec, gas_price)
            .expect("should cost")
            .value();
        assert_eq!(
            cost,
            U512::from(payment_amount) * gas_price,
            "in classic pricing, the cost should == user selected amount * gas_price"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn should_use_cost_table_for_fixed_payment() {
        const GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE: u8 = u8::MAX;

        let payment_amount = 500u64;
        let mut rng = TestRng::new();
        let chain_name = "net-1";
        let mut chainspec = Chainspec::default();
        chainspec
            .with_chain_name(chain_name.to_string())
            .with_pricing_handling(PricingHandling::Classic);

        let config = chainspec.transaction_config.clone();

        let payment = ExecutableDeployItem::ModuleBytes {
            module_bytes: Bytes::new(),
            args: runtime_args! {
                "amount" => U512::from(payment_amount)
            },
        };

        // Create an empty session object that is not transfer to ensure
        // that the payment amount is checked.
        let session = ExecutableDeployItem::StoredContractByName {
            name: "".to_string(),
            entry_point: "".to_string(),
            args: Default::default(),
        };

        let mut deploy = create_deploy(
            &mut rng,
            config.max_ttl,
            0,
            chain_name,
            GAS_PRICE_TOLERANCE as u64,
        );
        deploy.payment = payment;
        deploy.session = session;

        let mut gas_price = 1;
        let limit = deploy.gas_limit(&chainspec).expect("should limit").value();
        let cost = deploy
            .gas_cost(&chainspec, gas_price)
            .expect("should cost")
            .value();
        assert_eq!(
            cost, limit,
            "in fixed pricing, the cost & limit should == if gas price is 1"
        );
        gas_price += 1;
        let cost = deploy
            .gas_cost(&chainspec, gas_price)
            .expect("should cost")
            .value();
        assert_eq!(
            cost,
            limit * gas_price,
            "in fixed pricing, the cost should == limit * gas_price"
        );
    }
}