Trait cairo_vm::with_std::default::Default

1.0.0 · source ·
pub trait Default: Sized {
    // Required method
    fn default() -> Self;
}
Expand description

A trait for giving a type a useful default value.

Sometimes, you want to fall back to some kind of default value, and don’t particularly care what it is. This comes up often with structs that define a set of options:

struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

How can we define some default values? You can use Default:

#[derive(Default)]
struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

fn main() {
    let options: SomeOptions = Default::default();
}

Now, you get all of the default values. Rust implements Default for various primitives types.

If you want to override a particular option, but still retain the other defaults:

fn main() {
    let options = SomeOptions { foo: 42, ..Default::default() };
}

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive] if all of the type’s fields implement Default. When derived, it will use the default value for each field’s type.

enums

When using #[derive(Default)] on an enum, you need to choose which unit variant will be default. You do this by placing the #[default] attribute on the variant.

#[derive(Default)]
enum Kind {
    #[default]
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

You cannot use the #[default] attribute on non-unit or non-exhaustive variants.

How can I implement Default?

Provide an implementation for the default() method that returns the value of your type that should be the default:

enum Kind {
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

impl Default for Kind {
    fn default() -> Self { Kind::A }
}

Examples

#[derive(Default)]
struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

Required Methods§

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fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type.

Default values are often some kind of initial value, identity value, or anything else that may make sense as a default.

Examples

Using built-in default values:

let i: i8 = Default::default();
let (x, y): (Option<String>, f64) = Default::default();
let (a, b, (c, d)): (i32, u32, (bool, bool)) = Default::default();

Making your own:

enum Kind {
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

impl Default for Kind {
    fn default() -> Self { Kind::A }
}

Object Safety§

This trait is not object safe.

Implementors§

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impl Default for &str

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impl Default for &CStr

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impl Default for &OsStr

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impl Default for &mut str

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impl Default for Value

The default value is Value::Null.

This is useful for handling omitted Value fields when deserializing.

Examples

use serde_json::Value;

#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct Settings {
    level: i32,
    #[serde(default)]
    extras: Value,
}

let data = r#" { "level": 42 } "#;
let s: Settings = serde_json::from_str(data)?;

assert_eq!(s.level, 42);
assert_eq!(s.extras, Value::Null);
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impl Default for bool

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impl Default for char

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impl Default for f32

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impl Default for f64

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impl Default for i8

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impl Default for i16

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impl Default for i32

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impl Default for i64

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impl Default for i128

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impl Default for isize

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impl Default for u8

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impl Default for u16

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impl Default for u32

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impl Default for u64

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impl Default for u128

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impl Default for ()

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impl Default for usize

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impl Default for DictManager

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impl Default for ApTracking

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impl Default for ReferenceManager

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impl Default for Box<str>

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impl Default for Box<CStr>

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impl Default for Box<OsStr>

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impl Default for String

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impl Default for ExecutionScopes

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impl Default for Program

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impl Default for OutputBuiltinRunner

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impl Default for ExecutionResources

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impl Default for RunResources

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impl Default for DeducedOperands

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impl Default for VirtualMachineBuilder

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impl Default for Memory

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impl Default for MemorySegmentManager

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impl Default for Global

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impl Default for System

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impl Default for Error

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impl Default for DefaultHasher

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impl Default for cairo_vm::with_std::hash::RandomState

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impl Default for SipHasher

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impl Default for PhantomPinned

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impl Default for RangeFull

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impl Default for AtomicBool

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impl Default for AtomicI8

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impl Default for AtomicI16

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impl Default for AtomicI32

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impl Default for AtomicI64

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impl Default for AtomicIsize

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impl Default for AtomicU8

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impl Default for AtomicU16

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impl Default for AtomicU32

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impl Default for AtomicU64

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impl Default for AtomicUsize

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impl Default for Condvar

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impl Default for Duration

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impl Default for CString

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impl Default for OsString

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impl Default for FileTimes

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impl Default for std::io::util::Empty

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impl Default for Sink

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impl Default for PathBuf

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impl Default for ExitCode

The default value is ExitCode::SUCCESS

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impl Default for ExitStatus

The default value is one which indicates successful completion.

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impl Default for anyhow::Chain<'_>

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impl Default for SizeWriter

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impl Default for Lsb0

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impl Default for Msb0

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impl Default for Felt252

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impl Default for itoa::Buffer

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impl Default for num_bigint::bigint::BigInt

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impl Default for BigUint

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impl Default for FactorizationConfig

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impl Default for PrimalityTestConfig

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impl Default for ThreadRng

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impl Default for ryu::buffer::Buffer

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impl Default for IgnoredAny

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impl Default for Map<String, Value>

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impl Default for Keccak224Core

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impl Default for Keccak256Core

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impl Default for Keccak256FullCore

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impl Default for Keccak384Core

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impl Default for Keccak512Core

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impl Default for Sha3_224Core

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impl Default for Sha3_256Core

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impl Default for Sha3_384Core

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impl Default for Sha3_512Core

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impl Default for Shake128Core

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impl Default for Shake256Core

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impl Default for PoseidonHasher

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impl Default for B0

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impl Default for B1

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impl Default for Z0

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impl Default for Equal

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impl Default for Greater

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impl Default for Less

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impl Default for UTerm

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impl Default for OsRng

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impl Default for AHasher

Provides a default Hasher with fixed keys. This is typically used in conjunction with BuildHasherDefault to create [AHasher]s in order to hash the keys of the map.

Generally it is preferable to use [RandomState] instead, so that different hashmaps will have different keys. However if fixed keys are desireable this may be used instead.

Example

use std::hash::BuildHasherDefault;
use ahash::{AHasher, RandomState};
use std::collections::HashMap;

let mut map: HashMap<i32, i32, BuildHasherDefault<AHasher>> = HashMap::default();
map.insert(12, 34);
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impl Default for Const

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impl Default for Eager

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impl Default for EmptyFlags

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impl Default for FieldElement

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impl Default for FinderBuilder

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impl Default for InvalidBufferSize

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impl Default for InvalidOutputSize

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impl Default for Lazy

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impl Default for Limb

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impl Default for MacError

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impl Default for Mut

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impl Default for NullPtrError

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impl Default for OnceBool

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impl Default for OnceNonZeroUsize

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impl Default for PrefilterConfig

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impl Default for RandomState

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impl Default for Reciprocal

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impl Default for vec128_storage

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impl Default for vec256_storage

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impl Default for vec512_storage

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impl<'a> Default for CairoRunConfig<'a>

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impl<'a> Default for PrettyFormatter<'a>

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impl<'a, K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Iter<'a, K, V>where K: 'a, V: 'a,

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impl<'a, K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IterMut<'a, K, V>where K: 'a, V: 'a,

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impl<'a, M, T, O> Default for BitDomain<'a, M, T, O>where M: Mutability, T: 'a + BitStore, O: BitOrder, Address<M, BitSlice<T, O>>: Referential<'a>, Address<M, BitSlice<<T as BitStore>::Unalias, O>>: Referential<'a>, <Address<M, BitSlice<T, O>> as Referential<'a>>::Ref: Default, <Address<M, BitSlice<<T as BitStore>::Unalias, O>> as Referential<'a>>::Ref: Default,

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impl<'a, M, T, O> Default for Domain<'a, M, T, O>where M: Mutability, T: 'a + BitStore, O: BitOrder, Address<M, T>: Referential<'a>, Address<M, [<T as BitStore>::Unalias]>: SliceReferential<'a>, <Address<M, [<T as BitStore>::Unalias]> as Referential<'a>>::Ref: Default,

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impl<'a, T> Default for OnceRef<'a, T>

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impl<A, B> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::iter::Chain<A, B>where A: Default, B: Default,

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impl<A, O> Default for BitArray<A, O>where A: BitViewSized, O: BitOrder,

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impl<B> Default for Cow<'_, B>where B: ToOwned + ?Sized, <B as ToOwned>::Owned: Default,

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impl<BlockSize, Kind> Default for BlockBuffer<BlockSize, Kind>where BlockSize: ArrayLength<u8> + IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>, <BlockSize as IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>>::Output: NonZero, Kind: BufferKind,

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impl<E, I, L> Default for Configuration<E, I, L>

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impl<H> Default for BuildHasherDefault<H>

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impl<I> Default for Cloned<I>where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Copied<I>where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Enumerate<I>where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Flatten<I>where I: Default + Iterator, <I as Iterator>::Item: IntoIterator,

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impl<I> Default for Fuse<I>where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Rev<I>where I: Default,

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impl<Idx> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::ops::Range<Idx>where Idx: Default,

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impl<Inner> Default for Frozen<Inner>where Inner: Default + Mutability,

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impl<K, V> Default for BTreeMap<K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for Keys<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Range<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for Values<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IntoIter<K, V, A>where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, A> Default for IntoKeys<K, V, A>where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, A> Default for IntoValues<K, V, A>where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, S> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::collections::HashMap<K, V, S>where S: Default,

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impl<K, V, S, A> Default for hashbrown::map::HashMap<K, V, S, A>where S: Default, A: Default + Allocator + Clone,

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impl<M, T, O> Default for BitPtrRange<M, T, O>where M: Mutability, T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<MOD, const LIMBS: usize> Default for Residue<MOD, LIMBS>where MOD: ResidueParams<LIMBS>,

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impl<P> Default for CubicExtField<P>where P: CubicExtConfig,

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impl<P> Default for QuadExtField<P>where P: QuadExtConfig,

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impl<P, const N: usize> Default for Fp<P, N>where P: FpConfig<N>,

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impl<R> Default for BitEnd<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<R> Default for BitIdx<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<R> Default for BitIdxError<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<R> Default for BitMask<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<R> Default for BitPos<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<R> Default for BitSel<R>where R: Default + BitRegister,

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impl<T> Default for &[T]

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impl<T> Default for &mut [T]

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impl<T> Default for Option<T>

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impl<T> Default for [T; 0]

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impl<T> Default for [T; 1]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 2]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 3]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 4]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 5]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 6]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 7]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 8]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 9]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 10]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 11]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 12]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 13]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 14]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 15]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 16]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 17]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 18]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 19]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 20]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 21]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 22]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 23]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 24]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 25]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 26]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 27]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 28]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 29]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 30]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 31]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 32]where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for (T₁, T₂, …, Tₙ)where T: Default,

This trait is implemented for tuples up to twelve items long.

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impl<T> Default for Box<[T]>

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impl<T> Default for Box<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Reverse<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Vec<T>

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impl<T> Default for Cell<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for LazyCell<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::cell::OnceCell<T>

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impl<T> Default for RefCell<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for SyncUnsafeCell<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for UnsafeCell<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::iter::Empty<T>

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impl<T> Default for PhantomData<T>where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for ManuallyDrop<T>where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for Saturating<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::num::Wrapping<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Rc<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::rc::Weak<T>

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::slice::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::slice::IterMut<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for AtomicPtr<T>

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impl<T> Default for Arc<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Exclusive<T>where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for LazyLock<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::sync::Mutex<T>where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for OnceLock<T>

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::sync::RwLock<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::sync::Weak<T>

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impl<T> Default for BinaryHeap<T>where T: Ord,

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::binary_heap::IntoIter<T>

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impl<T> Default for BTreeSet<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::Range<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::IntoIter<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::IterMut<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for LinkedList<T>

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impl<T> Default for VecDeque<T>

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impl<T> Default for AssertUnwindSafe<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Cursor<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Checked<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for CoreWrapper<T>where T: Default + BufferKindUser, <T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize: IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>> + Default, <<T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize as IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>>::Output: NonZero, <T as BufferKindUser>::BufferKind: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Lazy<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Mutex<T>where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for NonZero<T>where T: Default + Zero,

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impl<T> Default for OnceBox<T>

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impl<T> Default for OnceCell<T>

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impl<T> Default for RwLock<T>where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for Wrapping<T>where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for XofReaderCoreWrapper<T>where T: Default + XofReaderCore, <T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize: IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>> + Default, <<T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize as IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>>::Output: NonZero,

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impl<T, A> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::vec::IntoIter<T, A>where A: Allocator + Default,

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impl<T, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::IntoIter<T, A>where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<T, N> Default for GenericArray<T, N>where T: Default, N: ArrayLength<T>,

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impl<T, O> Default for &BitSlice<T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, O> Default for &mut BitSlice<T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, O> Default for BitBox<T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, O> Default for IterOnes<'_, T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, O> Default for IterZeros<'_, T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, O> Default for BitVec<T, O>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

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impl<T, OutSize, O> Default for CtVariableCoreWrapper<T, OutSize, O>where T: VariableOutputCore, OutSize: ArrayLength<u8> + IsLessOrEqual<<T as OutputSizeUser>::OutputSize>, <OutSize as IsLessOrEqual<<T as OutputSizeUser>::OutputSize>>::Output: NonZero, <T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize: IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>, <<T as BlockSizeUser>::BlockSize as IsLess<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UInt<UTerm, B1>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>, B0>>>::Output: NonZero,

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impl<T, S> Default for cairo_vm::with_std::collections::HashSet<T, S>where S: Default,

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impl<T, S, A> Default for hashbrown::set::HashSet<T, S, A>where S: Default, A: Default + Allocator + Clone,

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impl<T, const LANES: usize> Default for Mask<T, LANES>where T: MaskElement, LaneCount<LANES>: SupportedLaneCount,

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impl<T, const N: usize> Default for Simd<T, N>where LaneCount<N>: SupportedLaneCount, T: SimdElement + Default,

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impl<U> Default for NInt<U>where U: Default + Unsigned + NonZero,

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impl<U> Default for PInt<U>where U: Default + Unsigned + NonZero,

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impl<U, B> Default for UInt<U, B>where U: Default, B: Default,

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impl<Z> Default for Zeroizing<Z>where Z: Default + Zeroize,

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impl<const LIMBS: usize> Default for Uint<LIMBS>

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impl<const N: usize> Default for BigInt<N>