Struct cairo_vm::with_std::alloc::Global

pub struct Global;

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

The global memory allocator.

This type implements the Allocator trait by forwarding calls to the allocator registered with the #[global_allocator] attribute if there is one, or the std crate’s default.

Note: while this type is unstable, the functionality it provides can be accessed through the free functions in alloc.

Implementations

impl<T> Box<T, Global>

pub fn new(x: T) -> Box<T, Global>

Allocates memory on the heap and then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

let five = Box::new(5);

pub fn new_uninit() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let zero = Box::<u32>::new_zeroed();
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn pin(x: T) -> Pin<Box<T, Global>>

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

Constructing and pinning of the Box can also be done in two steps: Box::pin(x) does the same as Box::into_pin(Box::new(x)). Consider using into_pin if you already have a Box<T>, or if you want to construct a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

pub fn try_new(x: T) -> Result<Box<T, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory on the heap then places x into it, returning an error if the allocation fails

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let five = Box::try_new(5)?;

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents on the heap, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::try_new_uninit()?;

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes on the heap

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let zero = Box::<u32>::try_new_zeroed()?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

impl<T> Box<[T], Global>

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

pub fn new_zeroed_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::new_zeroed_slice(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice( len: usize ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents. Returns an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_uninit_slice(3)?;
let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);
    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3]);

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice( len: usize ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes. Returns an error if the allocation fails

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_zeroed_slice(3)?;
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0]);

impl<T> Box<T, Global>where T: ?Sized,

pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *mut T) -> Box<T, Global>

Constructs a box from a raw pointer.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

The safety conditions are described in the memory layout section.

Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw:

let x = Box::new(5);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the global allocator:

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};

unsafe {
    let ptr = alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()) as *mut i32;
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `ptr`, though for this
    // simple example `*ptr = 5` would have worked as well.
    ptr.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr);
}

Trait Implementations

impl Allocator for Global

fn allocate(&self, layout: Layout) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Attempts to allocate a block of memory.

fn allocate_zeroed(&self, layout: Layout) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Behaves like allocate, but also ensures that the returned memory is zero-initialized.

unsafe fn deallocate(&self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, layout: Layout)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Deallocates the memory referenced by ptr.

unsafe fn grow( &self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, old_layout: Layout, new_layout: Layout ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Attempts to extend the memory block.

unsafe fn grow_zeroed( &self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, old_layout: Layout, new_layout: Layout ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Behaves like grow, but also ensures that the new contents are set to zero before being returned.

unsafe fn shrink( &self, ptr: NonNull<u8>, old_layout: Layout, new_layout: Layout ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Attempts to shrink the memory block.

fn by_ref(&self) -> &Selfwhere Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Allocator.

impl<T> AsFd for Box<T, Global>where T: AsFd,

fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the file descriptor.

impl<T> AsRawFd for Box<T, Global>where T: AsRawFd,

fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> i32

Extracts the raw file descriptor.

impl<S> AsyncIterator for Box<S, Global>where S: AsyncIterator + Unpin + ?Sized,

type Item = <S as AsyncIterator>::Item

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

The type of items yielded by the async iterator.

fn poll_next( self: Pin<&mut Box<S, Global>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<<Box<S, Global> as AsyncIterator>::Item>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

Attempt to pull out the next value of this async iterator, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available, and returning None if the async iterator is exhausted.

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the async iterator.

impl<'de, T> BorrowDecode<'de> for Box<[T], Global>where T: BorrowDecode<'de> + 'de,

fn borrow_decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<[T], Global>, DecodeError>where D: BorrowDecoder<'de>,

Attempt to decode this type with the given BorrowDecode.

impl<'de, T> BorrowDecode<'de> for Box<T, Global>where T: BorrowDecode<'de>,

fn borrow_decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<T, Global>, DecodeError>where D: BorrowDecoder<'de>,

Attempt to decode this type with the given BorrowDecode.

impl<'de> BorrowDecode<'de> for Box<str, Global>

fn borrow_decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<str, Global>, DecodeError>where D: BorrowDecoder<'de>,

Attempt to decode this type with the given BorrowDecode.

impl<B> BufRead for Box<B, Global>where B: BufRead + ?Sized,

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8], Error>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty.

fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read.

fn read_until( &mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global> ) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided String buffer.

fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left)

Check if the underlying Read has any data left to be read.

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self> where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte.

fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self> where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader.

impl Clone for Box<CStr, Global>

fn clone(&self) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn clone(&self) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<Path, Global>

fn clone(&self) -> Box<Path, Global>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<dyn DynDigest, Global>

fn clone(&self) -> Box<dyn DynDigest, Global>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Box<str, Global>

fn clone(&self) -> Box<str, Global>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Clone for Global

fn clone(&self) -> Global

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Global

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Decode for Box<[T], Global>where T: Decode + 'static,

fn decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<[T], Global>, DecodeError>where D: Decoder,

Attempt to decode this type with the given Decode.

impl<T> Decode for Box<T, Global>where T: Decode,

fn decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<T, Global>, DecodeError>where D: Decoder,

Attempt to decode this type with the given Decode.

impl Decode for Box<str, Global>

fn decode<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<Box<str, Global>, DecodeError>where D: Decoder,

Attempt to decode this type with the given Decode.

impl<T> Default for Box<[T], Global>

fn default() -> Box<[T], Global>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Default for Box<CStr, Global>

fn default() -> Box<CStr, Global>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Default for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn default() -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<T> Default for Box<T, Global>where T: Default,

fn default() -> Box<T, Global>

Creates a Box<T>, with the Default value for T.

impl Default for Box<str, Global>

fn default() -> Box<str, Global>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Default for Global

fn default() -> Global

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Box<[T], Global>where T: Deserialize<'de>,

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<[T], Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<CStr, Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<OsStr, Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<Path, Global>

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<Path, Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Box<T, Global>where T: Deserialize<'de>,

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<T, Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Box<str, Global>

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D ) -> Result<Box<str, Global>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T> Encode for Box<T, Global>where T: Encode + ?Sized,

fn encode<E>(&self, encoder: &mut E) -> Result<(), EncodeError>where E: Encoder,

Encode a given type.

impl<T> Error for Box<T, Global>where T: Error,

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)

Provides type based access to context intended for error reports.

impl<T> Error for Box<T, Global>where T: Error,

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

impl<T> From<&[T]> for Box<[T], Global>where T: Clone,

fn from(slice: &[T]) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts a &[T] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of slice and its contents.

Examples

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(slice);

println!("{boxed_slice:?}");

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

fn from(err: &'a str) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<&CStr> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Converts a &CStr into a Box<CStr>, by copying the contents into a newly allocated Box.

impl From<&OsStr> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Copies the string into a newly allocated Box<OsStr>.

impl From<&Path> for Box<Path, Global>

fn from(path: &Path) -> Box<Path, Global>

Creates a boxed Path from a reference.

This will allocate and clone path to it.

impl<'a> From<&str> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

Converts a str into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<&str> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts a str into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<&str> for Box<str, Global>

fn from(s: &str) -> Box<str, Global>

Converts a &str into a Box<str>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of s.

Examples

let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
println!("{boxed}");

impl<T, const N: usize> From<[T; N]> for Box<[T], Global>

fn from(array: [T; N]) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts a [T; N] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion moves the array to newly heap-allocated memory.

Examples

let boxed: Box<[u8]> = Box::from([4, 2]);
println!("{boxed:?}");

impl<T, O> From<BitBox<T, O>> for Box<[T], Global>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

fn from(bb: BitBox<T, O>) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<CString> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn from(s: CString) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Converts a CString into a Box<CStr> without copying or allocating.

impl<T> From<Cow<'_, [T]>> for Box<[T], Global>where T: Clone,

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, [T]>) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts a Cow<'_, [T]> into a Box<[T]>

When cow is the Cow::Borrowed variant, this conversion allocates on the heap and copies the underlying slice. Otherwise, it will try to reuse the owned Vec’s allocation.

impl From<Cow<'_, CStr>> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, CStr>) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Converts a Cow<'a, CStr> into a Box<CStr>, by copying the contents if they are borrowed.

impl From<Cow<'_, OsStr>> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, OsStr>) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Converts a Cow<'a, OsStr> into a Box<OsStr>, by copying the contents if they are borrowed.

impl From<Cow<'_, Path>> for Box<Path, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, Path>) -> Box<Path, Global>

Creates a boxed Path from a clone-on-write pointer.

Converting from a Cow::Owned does not clone or allocate.

impl From<Cow<'_, str>> for Box<str, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, str>) -> Box<str, Global>

Converts a Cow<'_, str> into a Box<str>

When cow is the Cow::Borrowed variant, this conversion allocates on the heap and copies the underlying str. Otherwise, it will try to reuse the owned String’s allocation.

Examples

use std::borrow::Cow;

let unboxed = Cow::Borrowed("hello");
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

let unboxed = Cow::Owned("hello".to_string());
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(err: Cow<'a, str>) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, 'b> From<Cow<'b, str>> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

fn from(err: Cow<'b, str>) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>where E: Error + 'a,

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>

Converts a type of Error into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct AnError;

impl fmt::Display for AnError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "An error")
    }
}

impl Error for AnError {}

let an_error = AnError;
assert!(0 == mem::size_of_val(&an_error));
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(an_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>where E: Error + 'a,

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>where E: Error + Send + Sync + 'a,

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

Converts a type of Error + Send + Sync into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct AnError;

impl fmt::Display for AnError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "An error")
    }
}

impl Error for AnError {}

unsafe impl Send for AnError {}

unsafe impl Sync for AnError {}

let an_error = AnError;
assert!(0 == mem::size_of_val(&an_error));
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(an_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>where E: Error + Send + Sync + 'a,

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'a, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Error> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

fn from(error: Error) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Error> for Box<dyn Error + Send, Global>

fn from(error: Error) -> Box<dyn Error + Send, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Error> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(error: Error) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<OsString> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn from(s: OsString) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Converts an OsString into a Box<OsStr> without copying or allocating.

impl From<PathBuf> for Box<Path, Global>

fn from(p: PathBuf) -> Box<Path, Global>

Converts a PathBuf into a Box<Path>.

This conversion currently should not allocate memory, but this behavior is not guaranteed on all platforms or in all future versions.

impl From<String> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

fn from(err: String) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

Converts a String into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_string_error = "a string error".to_string();
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_string_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<String> for Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

fn from(err: String) -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync, Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<String> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(str_err: String) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts a String into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_string_error = "a string error".to_string();
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_string_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl From<String> for Box<str, Global>

fn from(s: String) -> Box<str, Global>

Converts the given String to a boxed str slice that is owned.

Examples

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = Box::from(s1);
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

impl<T> From<T> for Box<T, Global>

fn from(t: T) -> Box<T, Global>

Converts a T into a Box<T>

The conversion allocates on the heap and moves t from the stack into it.

Examples

let x = 5;
let boxed = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::from(x), boxed);

impl<I> FromIterator<I> for Box<[I], Global>

fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Box<[I], Global>where T: IntoIterator<Item = I>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl<R> Read for Box<R, Global>where R: Read + ?Sized,

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_buf(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self> where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl<R> RngCore for Box<R, Global>where R: RngCore + ?Sized,

fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32

Return the next random u32.

fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64

Return the next random u64.

fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8])

Fill dest with random data.

fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Fill dest entirely with random data.

impl<S> Seek for Box<S, Global>where S: Seek + ?Sized,

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream.

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream.

fn rewind(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Rewind to the beginning of a stream.

fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_stream_len)

Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).

impl<T> Serialize for Box<T, Global>where T: Serialize + ?Sized,

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Box<[T], Global>> for Box<[T; N], Global>

fn try_from( boxed_slice: Box<[T], Global> ) -> Result<Box<[T; N], Global>, <Box<[T; N], Global> as TryFrom<Box<[T], Global>>>::Error>

Attempts to convert a Box<[T]> into a Box<[T; N]>.

The conversion occurs in-place and does not require a new memory allocation.

Errors

Returns the old Box<[T]> in the Err variant if boxed_slice.len() does not equal N.

type Error = Box<[T], Global>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl<T, const N: usize> TryFrom<Vec<T, Global>> for Box<[T; N], Global>

fn try_from( vec: Vec<T, Global> ) -> Result<Box<[T; N], Global>, <Box<[T; N], Global> as TryFrom<Vec<T, Global>>>::Error>

Attempts to convert a Vec<T> into a Box<[T; N]>.

Like Vec::into_boxed_slice, this is in-place if vec.capacity() == N, but will require a reallocation otherwise.

Errors

Returns the original Vec<T> in the Err variant if boxed_slice.len() does not equal N.

Examples

This can be used with vec! to create an array on the heap:

let state: Box<[f32; 100]> = vec![1.0; 100].try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(state.len(), 100);

type Error = Vec<T, Global>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl<W> Write for Box<W, Global>where W: Write + ?Sized,

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write.

impl Copy for Global

impl<R> CryptoRng for Box<R, Global>where R: CryptoRng + ?Sized,

impl<T, U> DispatchFromDyn<Box<U, Global>> for Box<T, Global>where T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized, U: ?Sized,