Struct Arc

pub struct Arc<T, A = Global>
where
    A: Allocator,
    T: ?Sized,
{ /* private fields */ }

A thread-safe reference-counting pointer. ‘Arc’ stands for ‘Atomically Reference Counted’.

The type Arc<T> provides shared ownership of a value of type T, allocated in the heap. Invoking clone on Arc produces a new Arc instance, which points to the same allocation on the heap as the source Arc, while increasing a reference count. When the last Arc pointer to a given allocation is destroyed, the value stored in that allocation (often referred to as “inner value”) is also dropped.

Shared references in Rust disallow mutation by default, and Arc is no exception: you cannot generally obtain a mutable reference to something inside an Arc. If you need to mutate through an Arc, use Mutex, RwLock, or one of the Atomic types.

Note: This type is only available on platforms that support atomic loads and stores of pointers, which includes all platforms that support the std crate but not all those which only support alloc. This may be detected at compile time using #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")].

Thread Safety

Unlike Rc<T>, Arc<T> uses atomic operations for its reference counting. This means that it is thread-safe. The disadvantage is that atomic operations are more expensive than ordinary memory accesses. If you are not sharing reference-counted allocations between threads, consider using Rc<T> for lower overhead. Rc<T> is a safe default, because the compiler will catch any attempt to send an Rc<T> between threads. However, a library might choose Arc<T> in order to give library consumers more flexibility.

Arc<T> will implement Send and Sync as long as the T implements Send and Sync. Why can’t you put a non-thread-safe type T in an Arc<T> to make it thread-safe? This may be a bit counter-intuitive at first: after all, isn’t the point of Arc<T> thread safety? The key is this: Arc<T> makes it thread safe to have multiple ownership of the same data, but it doesn’t add thread safety to its data. Consider Arc<RefCell<T>>. RefCell<T> isn’t Sync, and if Arc<T> was always Send, Arc<RefCell<T>> would be as well. But then we’d have a problem: RefCell<T> is not thread safe; it keeps track of the borrowing count using non-atomic operations.

In the end, this means that you may need to pair Arc<T> with some sort of std::sync type, usually Mutex<T>.

Breaking cycles with Weak

The downgrade method can be used to create a non-owning Weak pointer. A Weak pointer can be upgraded to an Arc, but this will return None if the value stored in the allocation has already been dropped. In other words, Weak pointers do not keep the value inside the allocation alive; however, they do keep the allocation (the backing store for the value) alive.

A cycle between Arc pointers will never be deallocated. For this reason, Weak is used to break cycles. For example, a tree could have strong Arc pointers from parent nodes to children, and Weak pointers from children back to their parents.

Cloning references

Creating a new reference from an existing reference-counted pointer is done using the Clone trait implemented for Arc<T> and Weak<T>.

use std::sync::Arc;
let foo = Arc::new(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0]);
// The two syntaxes below are equivalent.
let a = foo.clone();
let b = Arc::clone(&foo);
// a, b, and foo are all Arcs that point to the same memory location

Deref behavior

Arc<T> automatically dereferences to T (via the Deref trait), so you can call T’s methods on a value of type Arc<T>. To avoid name clashes with T’s methods, the methods of Arc<T> itself are associated functions, called using fully qualified syntax:

use std::sync::Arc;

let my_arc = Arc::new(());
let my_weak = Arc::downgrade(&my_arc);

Arc<T>’s implementations of traits like Clone may also be called using fully qualified syntax. Some people prefer to use fully qualified syntax, while others prefer using method-call syntax.

use std::sync::Arc;

let arc = Arc::new(());
// Method-call syntax
let arc2 = arc.clone();
// Fully qualified syntax
let arc3 = Arc::clone(&arc);

Weak<T> does not auto-dereference to T, because the inner value may have already been dropped.

Examples

Sharing some immutable data between threads:

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::thread;

let five = Arc::new(5);

for _ in 0..10 {
    let five = Arc::clone(&five);

    thread::spawn(move || {
        println!("{five:?}");
    });
}

Sharing a mutable AtomicUsize:

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::thread;

let val = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(5));

for _ in 0..10 {
    let val = Arc::clone(&val);

    thread::spawn(move || {
        let v = val.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        println!("{v:?}");
    });
}

See the rc documentation for more examples of reference counting in general.

Implementations

impl<T> Arc<T>

pub fn new(data: T) -> Arc<T>

Constructs a new Arc<T>.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

pub fn new_cyclic<F>(data_fn: F) -> Arc<T>

where F: FnOnce(&Weak<T>) -> T,

Constructs a new Arc<T> while giving you a Weak<T> to the allocation, to allow you to construct a T which holds a weak pointer to itself.

Generally, a structure circularly referencing itself, either directly or indirectly, should not hold a strong reference to itself to prevent a memory leak. Using this function, you get access to the weak pointer during the initialization of T, before the Arc<T> is created, such that you can clone and store it inside the T.

new_cyclic first allocates the managed allocation for the Arc<T>, then calls your closure, giving it a Weak<T> to this allocation, and only afterwards completes the construction of the Arc<T> by placing the T returned from your closure into the allocation.

Since the new Arc<T> is not fully-constructed until Arc<T>::new_cyclic returns, calling upgrade on the weak reference inside your closure will fail and result in a None value.

Panics

If data_fn panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the temporary Weak<T> is dropped normally.

Example

use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};

struct Gadget {
    me: Weak<Gadget>,
}

impl Gadget {
    /// Constructs a reference counted Gadget.
    fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
        // `me` is a `Weak<Gadget>` pointing at the new allocation of the
        // `Arc` we're constructing.
        Arc::new_cyclic(|me| {
            // Create the actual struct here.
            Gadget { me: me.clone() }
        })
    }

    /// Returns a reference counted pointer to Self.
    fn me(&self) -> Arc<Self> {
        self.me.upgrade().unwrap()
    }
}

pub fn new_uninit() -> Arc<MaybeUninit<T>>

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut five = Arc::<u32>::new_uninit();

// Deferred initialization:
Arc::get_mut(&mut five).unwrap().write(5);

let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Arc<MaybeUninit<T>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_zeroed_alloc)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_zeroed_alloc)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let zero = Arc::<u32>::new_zeroed();
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn pin(data: T) -> Pin<Arc<T>>

Constructs a new Pin<Arc<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then data will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

pub fn try_pin(data: T) -> Result<Pin<Arc<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Arc<T>>, return an error if allocation fails.

pub fn try_new(data: T) -> Result<Arc<T>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc<T>, returning an error if allocation fails.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::try_new(5)?;

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Arc<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, returning an error if allocation fails.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut five = Arc::<u32>::try_new_uninit()?;

// Deferred initialization:
Arc::get_mut(&mut five).unwrap().write(5);

let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Arc<MaybeUninit<T>>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, returning an error if allocation fails.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature( allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let zero = Arc::<u32>::try_new_zeroed()?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

impl<T, A> Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_in(data: T, alloc: A) -> Arc<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc<T> in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Arc::new_in(5, System);

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Arc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]
#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Arc::<u32, _>::new_uninit_in(System);

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut five).as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Arc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, in the provided allocator.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Arc::<u32, _>::new_zeroed_in(System);
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn new_cyclic_in<F>(data_fn: F, alloc: A) -> Arc<T, A>

where F: FnOnce(&Weak<T, A>) -> T,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc<T, A> in the given allocator while giving you a Weak<T, A> to the allocation, to allow you to construct a T which holds a weak pointer to itself.

Generally, a structure circularly referencing itself, either directly or indirectly, should not hold a strong reference to itself to prevent a memory leak. Using this function, you get access to the weak pointer during the initialization of T, before the Arc<T, A> is created, such that you can clone and store it inside the T.

new_cyclic_in first allocates the managed allocation for the Arc<T, A>, then calls your closure, giving it a Weak<T, A> to this allocation, and only afterwards completes the construction of the Arc<T, A> by placing the T returned from your closure into the allocation.

Since the new Arc<T, A> is not fully-constructed until Arc<T, A>::new_cyclic_in returns, calling upgrade on the weak reference inside your closure will fail and result in a None value.

Panics

If data_fn panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the temporary Weak<T> is dropped normally.

Example

See new_cyclic

pub fn pin_in(data: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Arc<T, A>>

where A: 'static,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Arc<T, A>> in the provided allocator. If T does not implement Unpin, then data will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

pub fn try_pin_in(data: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Pin<Arc<T, A>>, AllocError>

where A: 'static,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Arc<T, A>> in the provided allocator, return an error if allocation fails.

pub fn try_new_in(data: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Arc<T, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc<T, A> in the provided allocator, returning an error if allocation fails.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Arc::try_new_in(5, System)?;

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Arc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, in the provided allocator, returning an error if allocation fails.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Arc::<u32, _>::try_new_uninit_in(System)?;

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut five).as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Arc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Arc with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, in the provided allocator, returning an error if allocation fails.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Arc::<u32, _>::try_new_zeroed_in(System)?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

pub fn try_unwrap(this: Arc<T, A>) -> Result<T, Arc<T, A>>

Returns the inner value, if the Arc has exactly one strong reference.

Otherwise, an Err is returned with the same Arc that was passed in.

This will succeed even if there are outstanding weak references.

It is strongly recommended to use Arc::into_inner instead if you don’t keep the Arc in the Err case. Immediately dropping the Err-value, as the expression Arc::try_unwrap(this).ok() does, can cause the strong count to drop to zero and the inner value of the Arc to be dropped. For instance, if two threads execute such an expression in parallel, there is a race condition without the possibility of unsafety: The threads could first both check whether they own the last instance in Arc::try_unwrap, determine that they both do not, and then both discard and drop their instance in the call to ok. In this scenario, the value inside the Arc is safely destroyed by exactly one of the threads, but neither thread will ever be able to use the value.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let x = Arc::new(3);
assert_eq!(Arc::try_unwrap(x), Ok(3));

let x = Arc::new(4);
let _y = Arc::clone(&x);
assert_eq!(*Arc::try_unwrap(x).unwrap_err(), 4);

pub fn into_inner(this: Arc<T, A>) -> Option<T>

Returns the inner value, if the Arc has exactly one strong reference.

Otherwise, None is returned and the Arc is dropped.

This will succeed even if there are outstanding weak references.

If Arc::into_inner is called on every clone of this Arc, it is guaranteed that exactly one of the calls returns the inner value. This means in particular that the inner value is not dropped.

Arc::try_unwrap is conceptually similar to Arc::into_inner, but it is meant for different use-cases. If used as a direct replacement for Arc::into_inner anyway, such as with the expression Arc::try_unwrap(this).ok(), then it does not give the same guarantee as described in the previous paragraph. For more information, see the examples below and read the documentation of Arc::try_unwrap.

Examples

Minimal example demonstrating the guarantee that Arc::into_inner gives.

use std::sync::Arc;

let x = Arc::new(3);
let y = Arc::clone(&x);

// Two threads calling `Arc::into_inner` on both clones of an `Arc`:
let x_thread = std::thread::spawn(|| Arc::into_inner(x));
let y_thread = std::thread::spawn(|| Arc::into_inner(y));

let x_inner_value = x_thread.join().unwrap();
let y_inner_value = y_thread.join().unwrap();

// One of the threads is guaranteed to receive the inner value:
assert!(matches!(
    (x_inner_value, y_inner_value),
    (None, Some(3)) | (Some(3), None)
));
// The result could also be `(None, None)` if the threads called
// `Arc::try_unwrap(x).ok()` and `Arc::try_unwrap(y).ok()` instead.

A more practical example demonstrating the need for Arc::into_inner:

use std::sync::Arc;

// Definition of a simple singly linked list using `Arc`:
#[derive(Clone)]
struct LinkedList<T>(Option<Arc<Node<T>>>);
struct Node<T>(T, Option<Arc<Node<T>>>);

// Dropping a long `LinkedList<T>` relying on the destructor of `Arc`
// can cause a stack overflow. To prevent this, we can provide a
// manual `Drop` implementation that does the destruction in a loop:
impl<T> Drop for LinkedList<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let mut link = self.0.take();
        while let Some(arc_node) = link.take() {
            if let Some(Node(_value, next)) = Arc::into_inner(arc_node) {
                link = next;
            }
        }
    }
}

// Implementation of `new` and `push` omitted
impl<T> LinkedList<T> {
    /* ... */
}

// The following code could have still caused a stack overflow
// despite the manual `Drop` impl if that `Drop` impl had used
// `Arc::try_unwrap(arc).ok()` instead of `Arc::into_inner(arc)`.

// Create a long list and clone it
let mut x = LinkedList::new();
let size = 100000;
for i in 0..size {
    x.push(i); // Adds i to the front of x
}
let y = x.clone();

// Drop the clones in parallel
let x_thread = std::thread::spawn(|| drop(x));
let y_thread = std::thread::spawn(|| drop(y));
x_thread.join().unwrap();
y_thread.join().unwrap();

impl<T> Arc<[T]>

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Arc<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

Constructs a new atomically reference-counted slice with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut values = Arc::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

// Deferred initialization:
let data = Arc::get_mut(&mut values).unwrap();
data[0].write(1);
data[1].write(2);
data[2].write(3);

let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

pub fn new_zeroed_slice(len: usize) -> Arc<[MaybeUninit<T>]>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_zeroed_alloc)

Constructs a new atomically reference-counted slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_zeroed_alloc)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let values = Arc::<[u32]>::new_zeroed_slice(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

impl<T, A> Arc<[T], A>

where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_uninit_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Arc<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new atomically reference-counted slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]
#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let mut values = Arc::<[u32], _>::new_uninit_slice_in(3, System);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut values)[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut values)[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut values)[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

pub fn new_zeroed_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Arc<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new atomically reference-counted slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes, in the provided allocator.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let values = Arc::<[u32], _>::new_zeroed_slice_in(3, System);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

impl<T, A> Arc<MaybeUninit<T>, A>

where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Arc<T, A>

Converts to Arc<T>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the inner value really is in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut five = Arc::<u32>::new_uninit();

// Deferred initialization:
Arc::get_mut(&mut five).unwrap().write(5);

let five = unsafe { five.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

impl<T, A> Arc<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Arc<[T], A>

Converts to Arc<[T]>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the inner value really is in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut values = Arc::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

// Deferred initialization:
let data = Arc::get_mut(&mut values).unwrap();
data[0].write(1);
data[1].write(2);
data[2].write(3);

let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

impl<T> Arc<T>

where T: ?Sized,

pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *const T) -> Arc<T>

Constructs an Arc<T> from a raw pointer.

The raw pointer must have been previously returned by a call to Arc<U>::into_raw with the following requirements:

• If U is sized, it must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if U is T.
• If U is unsized, its data pointer must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if Arc<U> was constructed through Arc<T> and then converted to Arc<U> through an unsized coercion.

Note that if U or U’s data pointer is not T but has the same size and alignment, this is basically like transmuting references of different types. See mem::transmute for more information on what restrictions apply in this case.

The user of from_raw has to make sure a specific value of T is only dropped once.

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory unsafety, even if the returned Arc<T> is never accessed.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let x = Arc::new("hello".to_owned());
let x_ptr = Arc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    // Convert back to an `Arc` to prevent leak.
    let x = Arc::from_raw(x_ptr);
    assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

    // Further calls to `Arc::from_raw(x_ptr)` would be memory-unsafe.
}

// The memory was freed when `x` went out of scope above, so `x_ptr` is now dangling!

Convert a slice back into its original array:

use std::sync::Arc;

let x: Arc<[u32]> = Arc::new([1, 2, 3]);
let x_ptr: *const [u32] = Arc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    let x: Arc<[u32; 3]> = Arc::from_raw(x_ptr.cast::<[u32; 3]>());
    assert_eq!(&*x, &[1, 2, 3]);
}

pub unsafe fn increment_strong_count(ptr: *const T)

Increments the strong reference count on the Arc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Arc::into_raw, and the associated Arc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) for the duration of this method.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Arc::into_raw(five);
    Arc::increment_strong_count(ptr);

    // This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
    // the `Arc` between threads.
    let five = Arc::from_raw(ptr);
    assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub unsafe fn decrement_strong_count(ptr: *const T)

Decrements the strong reference count on the Arc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Arc::into_raw, and the associated Arc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) when invoking this method. This method can be used to release the final Arc and backing storage, but should not be called after the final Arc has been released.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Arc::into_raw(five);
    Arc::increment_strong_count(ptr);

    // Those assertions are deterministic because we haven't shared
    // the `Arc` between threads.
    let five = Arc::from_raw(ptr);
    assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));
    Arc::decrement_strong_count(ptr);
    assert_eq!(1, Arc::strong_count(&five));
}

impl<T, A> Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

pub fn allocator(this: &Arc<T, A>) -> &A

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Returns a reference to the underlying allocator.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Arc::allocator(&a) instead of a.allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

pub fn into_raw(this: Arc<T, A>) -> *const T

Consumes the Arc, returning the wrapped pointer.

To avoid a memory leak the pointer must be converted back to an Arc using Arc::from_raw.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let x = Arc::new("hello".to_owned());
let x_ptr = Arc::into_raw(x);
assert_eq!(unsafe { &*x_ptr }, "hello");

pub fn into_raw_with_allocator(this: Arc<T, A>) -> (*const T, A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Consumes the Arc, returning the wrapped pointer and allocator.

To avoid a memory leak the pointer must be converted back to an Arc using Arc::from_raw_in.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x = Arc::new_in("hello".to_owned(), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Arc::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
assert_eq!(unsafe { &*ptr }, "hello");
let x = unsafe { Arc::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };
assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

pub fn as_ptr(this: &Arc<T, A>) -> *const T

Provides a raw pointer to the data.

The counts are not affected in any way and the Arc is not consumed. The pointer is valid for as long as there are strong counts in the Arc.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let x = Arc::new("hello".to_owned());
let y = Arc::clone(&x);
let x_ptr = Arc::as_ptr(&x);
assert_eq!(x_ptr, Arc::as_ptr(&y));
assert_eq!(unsafe { &*x_ptr }, "hello");

pub unsafe fn from_raw_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A) -> Arc<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs an Arc<T, A> from a raw pointer.

The raw pointer must have been previously returned by a call to Arc<U, A>::into_raw with the following requirements:

• If U is sized, it must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if U is T.
• If U is unsized, its data pointer must have the same size and alignment as T. This is trivially true if Arc<U> was constructed through Arc<T> and then converted to Arc<U> through an unsized coercion.

Note that if U or U’s data pointer is not T but has the same size and alignment, this is basically like transmuting references of different types. See mem::transmute for more information on what restrictions apply in this case.

The raw pointer must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc

The user of from_raw has to make sure a specific value of T is only dropped once.

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory unsafety, even if the returned Arc<T> is never accessed.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x = Arc::new_in("hello".to_owned(), System);
let x_ptr = Arc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    // Convert back to an `Arc` to prevent leak.
    let x = Arc::from_raw_in(x_ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(&*x, "hello");

    // Further calls to `Arc::from_raw(x_ptr)` would be memory-unsafe.
}

// The memory was freed when `x` went out of scope above, so `x_ptr` is now dangling!

Convert a slice back into its original array:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let x: Arc<[u32], _> = Arc::new_in([1, 2, 3], System);
let x_ptr: *const [u32] = Arc::into_raw(x);

unsafe {
    let x: Arc<[u32; 3], _> = Arc::from_raw_in(x_ptr.cast::<[u32; 3]>(), System);
    assert_eq!(&*x, &[1, 2, 3]);
}

pub fn downgrade(this: &Arc<T, A>) -> Weak<T, A>

where A: Clone,

Creates a new Weak pointer to this allocation.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

let weak_five = Arc::downgrade(&five);

pub fn weak_count(this: &Arc<T, A>) -> usize

Gets the number of Weak pointers to this allocation.

Safety

This method by itself is safe, but using it correctly requires extra care. Another thread can change the weak count at any time, including potentially between calling this method and acting on the result.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);
let _weak_five = Arc::downgrade(&five);

// This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
// the `Arc` or `Weak` between threads.
assert_eq!(1, Arc::weak_count(&five));

pub fn strong_count(this: &Arc<T, A>) -> usize

Gets the number of strong (Arc) pointers to this allocation.

Safety

This method by itself is safe, but using it correctly requires extra care. Another thread can change the strong count at any time, including potentially between calling this method and acting on the result.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);
let _also_five = Arc::clone(&five);

// This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
// the `Arc` between threads.
assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));

pub unsafe fn increment_strong_count_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A)

where A: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Increments the strong reference count on the Arc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Arc::into_raw, and the associated Arc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) for the duration of this method,, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Arc::new_in(5, System);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Arc::into_raw(five);
    Arc::increment_strong_count_in(ptr, System);

    // This assertion is deterministic because we haven't shared
    // the `Arc` between threads.
    let five = Arc::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub unsafe fn decrement_strong_count_in(ptr: *const T, alloc: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Decrements the strong reference count on the Arc<T> associated with the provided pointer by one.

Safety

The pointer must have been obtained through Arc::into_raw, the associated Arc instance must be valid (i.e. the strong count must be at least 1) when invoking this method, and ptr must point to a block of memory allocated by alloc. This method can be used to release the final Arc and backing storage, but should not be called after the final Arc has been released.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::alloc::System;

let five = Arc::new_in(5, System);

unsafe {
    let ptr = Arc::into_raw(five);
    Arc::increment_strong_count_in(ptr, System);

    // Those assertions are deterministic because we haven't shared
    // the `Arc` between threads.
    let five = Arc::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(2, Arc::strong_count(&five));
    Arc::decrement_strong_count_in(ptr, System);
    assert_eq!(1, Arc::strong_count(&five));
}

pub fn ptr_eq(this: &Arc<T, A>, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

Returns true if the two Arcs point to the same allocation in a vein similar to ptr::eq. This function ignores the metadata of dyn Trait pointers.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);
let same_five = Arc::clone(&five);
let other_five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&five, &same_five));
assert!(!Arc::ptr_eq(&five, &other_five));

impl<T, A> Arc<T, A>

where T: CloneToUninit + ?Sized, A: Allocator + Clone,

pub fn make_mut(this: &mut Arc<T, A>) -> &mut T

Makes a mutable reference into the given Arc.

If there are other Arc pointers to the same allocation, then make_mut will clone the inner value to a new allocation to ensure unique ownership. This is also referred to as clone-on-write.

However, if there are no other Arc pointers to this allocation, but some Weak pointers, then the Weak pointers will be dissociated and the inner value will not be cloned.

See also get_mut, which will fail rather than cloning the inner value or dissociating Weak pointers.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut data = Arc::new(5);

*Arc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Won't clone anything
let mut other_data = Arc::clone(&data); // Won't clone inner data
*Arc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Clones inner data
*Arc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;         // Won't clone anything
*Arc::make_mut(&mut other_data) *= 2;   // Won't clone anything

// Now `data` and `other_data` point to different allocations.
assert_eq!(*data, 8);
assert_eq!(*other_data, 12);

Weak pointers will be dissociated:

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut data = Arc::new(75);
let weak = Arc::downgrade(&data);

assert!(75 == *data);
assert!(75 == *weak.upgrade().unwrap());

*Arc::make_mut(&mut data) += 1;

assert!(76 == *data);
assert!(weak.upgrade().is_none());

impl<T, A> Arc<T, A>

where T: Clone, A: Allocator,

pub fn unwrap_or_clone(this: Arc<T, A>) -> T

If we have the only reference to T then unwrap it. Otherwise, clone T and return the clone.

Assuming arc_t is of type Arc<T>, this function is functionally equivalent to (*arc_t).clone(), but will avoid cloning the inner value where possible.

Examples

let inner = String::from("test");
let ptr = inner.as_ptr();

let arc = Arc::new(inner);
let inner = Arc::unwrap_or_clone(arc);
// The inner value was not cloned
assert!(ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));

let arc = Arc::new(inner);
let arc2 = arc.clone();
let inner = Arc::unwrap_or_clone(arc);
// Because there were 2 references, we had to clone the inner value.
assert!(!ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));
// `arc2` is the last reference, so when we unwrap it we get back
// the original `String`.
let inner = Arc::unwrap_or_clone(arc2);
assert!(ptr::eq(ptr, inner.as_ptr()));

impl<T, A> Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

pub fn get_mut(this: &mut Arc<T, A>) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable reference into the given Arc, if there are no other Arc or Weak pointers to the same allocation.

Returns None otherwise, because it is not safe to mutate a shared value.

See also make_mut, which will clone the inner value when there are other Arc pointers.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut x = Arc::new(3);
*Arc::get_mut(&mut x).unwrap() = 4;
assert_eq!(*x, 4);

let _y = Arc::clone(&x);
assert!(Arc::get_mut(&mut x).is_none());

pub unsafe fn get_mut_unchecked(this: &mut Arc<T, A>) -> &mut T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (get_mut_unchecked)

Returns a mutable reference into the given Arc, without any check.

See also get_mut, which is safe and does appropriate checks.

Safety

If any other Arc or Weak pointers to the same allocation exist, then they must not be dereferenced or have active borrows for the duration of the returned borrow, and their inner type must be exactly the same as the inner type of this Rc (including lifetimes). This is trivially the case if no such pointers exist, for example immediately after Arc::new.

Examples

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let mut x = Arc::new(String::new());
unsafe {
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut x).push_str("foo")
}
assert_eq!(*x, "foo");

Other Arc pointers to the same allocation must be to the same type.

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let x: Arc<str> = Arc::from("Hello, world!");
let mut y: Arc<[u8]> = x.clone().into();
unsafe {
    // this is Undefined Behavior, because x's inner type is str, not [u8]
    Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut y).fill(0xff); // 0xff is invalid in UTF-8
}
println!("{}", &*x); // Invalid UTF-8 in a str

Other Arc pointers to the same allocation must be to the exact same type, including lifetimes.

#![feature(get_mut_unchecked)]

use std::sync::Arc;

let x: Arc<&str> = Arc::new("Hello, world!");
{
    let s = String::from("Oh, no!");
    let mut y: Arc<&str> = x.clone().into();
    unsafe {
        // this is Undefined Behavior, because x's inner type
        // is &'long str, not &'short str
        *Arc::get_mut_unchecked(&mut y) = &s;
    }
}
println!("{}", &*x); // Use-after-free

impl<A> Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>

where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Arc<T, A>, Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync, A>>

where T: Any + Send + Sync,

Attempts to downcast the Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;
use std::sync::Arc;

fn print_if_string(value: Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Arc::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Arc::new(0i8));

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Arc<T, A>

where T: Any + Send + Sync,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;
use std::sync::Arc;

let x: Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

Trait Implementations

impl<T> AnyProvider for Arc<T>

where T: AnyProvider + ?Sized,

fn load_any( &self, key: DataKey, req: DataRequest<'_>, ) -> Result<AnyResponse, DataError>

Loads an AnyPayload according to the key and request.

impl<T> AsFd for Arc<T>

where T: AsFd + ?Sized,

This impl allows implementing traits that require AsFd on Arc.

use std::net::UdpSocket;
use std::sync::Arc;

trait MyTrait: AsFd {}
impl MyTrait for Arc<UdpSocket> {}
impl MyTrait for Box<UdpSocket> {}

fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the file descriptor.

impl<T> AsRawFd for Arc<T>

where T: AsRawFd,

This impl allows implementing traits that require AsRawFd on Arc.

use std::net::UdpSocket;
use std::sync::Arc;
trait MyTrait: AsRawFd {
}
impl MyTrait for Arc<UdpSocket> {}
impl MyTrait for Box<UdpSocket> {}

fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> i32

Extracts the raw file descriptor.

impl<T, A> AsRef<T> for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsyncSleep for Arc<T>

where T: AsyncSleep + ?Sized,

fn sleep(&self, duration: Duration) -> Sleep

Returns a future that sleeps for the given duration of time.

impl<T, A> Borrow<T> for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<M, P> BoundDataProvider<M> for Arc<P>

where M: DataMarker, P: BoundDataProvider<M> + ?Sized,

fn load_bound(&self, req: DataRequest<'_>) -> Result<DataResponse<M>, DataError>

Query the provider for data, returning the result.

fn bound_key(&self) -> DataKey

Returns the DataKey that this provider uses for loading data.

impl<T> BufferProvider for Arc<T>

where T: BufferProvider + ?Sized,

fn load_buffer( &self, key: DataKey, req: DataRequest<'_>, ) -> Result<DataResponse<BufferMarker>, DataError>

Loads a DataPayload<BufferMarker> according to the key and request.

impl<T> CanonicalDeserialize for Arc<T>

where T: CanonicalDeserialize + ToOwned + Sync + Send,

fn deserialize_with_mode<R>( reader: R, compress: Compress, validate: Validate, ) -> Result<Arc<T>, SerializationError>

where R: Read,

The general deserialize method that takes in customization flags.

fn deserialize_compressed<R>(reader: R) -> Result<Self, SerializationError>

where R: Read,

fn deserialize_compressed_unchecked<R>( reader: R, ) -> Result<Self, SerializationError>

where R: Read,

fn deserialize_uncompressed<R>(reader: R) -> Result<Self, SerializationError>

where R: Read,

fn deserialize_uncompressed_unchecked<R>( reader: R, ) -> Result<Self, SerializationError>

where R: Read,

impl<T> CanonicalSerialize for Arc<T>

where T: CanonicalSerialize + ToOwned,

fn serialize_with_mode<W>( &self, writer: W, compress: Compress, ) -> Result<(), SerializationError>

where W: Write,

The general serialize method that takes in customization flags.

fn serialized_size(&self, compress: Compress) -> usize

fn serialize_compressed<W>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<(), SerializationError>

where W: Write,

fn compressed_size(&self) -> usize

fn serialize_uncompressed<W>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<(), SerializationError>

where W: Write,

fn uncompressed_size(&self) -> usize

impl<Event, T> Client<Event> for Arc<T>

where T: Client<Event> + ?Sized, Arc<T>: Clone + Send + Sync,

fn next_event<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Option<Event>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

Fetch the next event from the client.

fn latest_event<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Option<Event>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

Fetch the latest event from the client.

impl<T, A> Clone for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator + Clone, T: ?Sized,

fn clone(&self) -> Arc<T, A>

Makes a clone of the Arc pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same allocation, increasing the strong reference count.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

let _ = Arc::clone(&five);

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T> CounterFn for Arc<T>

where T: CounterFn,

fn increment(&self, value: u64)

Increments the counter by the given amount.

fn absolute(&self, value: u64)

Sets the counter to at least the given amount.

impl<M, P> DataProvider<M> for Arc<P>

where M: KeyedDataMarker, P: DataProvider<M> + ?Sized,

fn load(&self, req: DataRequest<'_>) -> Result<DataResponse<M>, DataError>

Query the provider for data, returning the result.

impl<T, A> Debug for Arc<T, A>

where T: Debug + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Decodable for Arc<T>

where T: Decodable,

fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Arc<T>, Error>

Decodes the blob into the appropriate type. buf must be advanced past the decoded object.

impl<T> Decodable for Arc<T>

where T: Decodable,

fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Arc<T>, DecodeError>

impl<T> Default for Arc<[T]>

fn default() -> Arc<[T]>

Creates an empty [T] inside an Arc

This may or may not share an allocation with other Arcs.

impl Default for Arc<CStr>

fn default() -> Arc<CStr>

Creates an empty CStr inside an Arc

This may or may not share an allocation with other Arcs.

impl<T> Default for Arc<T>

where T: Default,

fn default() -> Arc<T>

Creates a new Arc<T>, with the Default value for T.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let x: Arc<i32> = Default::default();
assert_eq!(*x, 0);

impl Default for Arc<str>

fn default() -> Arc<str>

Creates an empty str inside an Arc

This may or may not share an allocation with other Arcs.

impl<T, A> Deref for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

type Target = T

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &T

Dereferences the value.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Arc<T>

where Box<T>: Deserialize<'de>, T: ?Sized,

This impl requires the "rc" Cargo feature of Serde.

Deserializing a data structure containing Arc will not attempt to deduplicate Arc references to the same data. Every deserialized Arc will end up with a strong count of 1.

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Arc<T>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<'de, T, U> DeserializeAs<'de, Arc<T>> for Arc<U>

where U: DeserializeAs<'de, T>,

fn deserialize_as<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Arc<T>, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T, A> Display for Arc<T, A>

where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T, A> Drop for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn drop(&mut self)

Drops the Arc.

This will decrement the strong reference count. If the strong reference count reaches zero then the only other references (if any) are Weak, so we drop the inner value.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

struct Foo;

impl Drop for Foo {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("dropped!");
    }
}

let foo  = Arc::new(Foo);
let foo2 = Arc::clone(&foo);

drop(foo);    // Doesn't print anything
drop(foo2);   // Prints "dropped!"

impl<M, P> DynamicDataProvider<M> for Arc<P>

where M: DataMarker, P: DynamicDataProvider<M> + ?Sized,

fn load_data( &self, key: DataKey, req: DataRequest<'_>, ) -> Result<DataResponse<M>, DataError>

Query the provider for data, returning the result.

impl<T> Encodable for Arc<T>

where T: Encodable + ?Sized,

fn length(&self) -> usize

Returns the length of the encoding of this type in bytes.

fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut)

Encodes the type into the out buffer.

impl<T> Encodable for Arc<T>

where T: Encodable + ?Sized,

fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut)

fn length(&self) -> usize

impl<T> EncodeAsFields for Arc<T>

where T: EncodeAsFields,

fn encode_as_fields_to<R>( &self, fields: &mut dyn FieldIter<'_, <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId, Item = Field<'_, <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId>>, types: &R, out: &mut Vec<u8>, ) -> Result<(), Error>

where R: TypeResolver,

Given some fields describing the shape of a type, attempt to encode to that shape.

fn encode_as_fields<R>( &self, fields: &mut dyn FieldIter<'_, <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId, Item = Field<'_, <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId>>, types: &R, ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error>

where R: TypeResolver,

This is a helper function which internally calls EncodeAsFields::encode_as_fields_to. Prefer to implement that instead.

impl<T> EncodeAsType for Arc<T>

where T: EncodeAsType,

fn encode_as_type_to<R>( &self, type_id: <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId, types: &R, out: &mut Vec<u8>, ) -> Result<(), Error>

where R: TypeResolver,

Given some type_id, types, a context and some output target for the SCALE encoded bytes, attempt to SCALE encode the current value into the type given by type_id.

fn encode_as_type<R>( &self, type_id: <R as TypeResolver>::TypeId, types: &R, ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error>

where R: TypeResolver,

This is a helper function which internally calls EncodeAsType::encode_as_type_to. Prefer to implement that instead.

impl<T> EncodeLabelKey for Arc<T>

where &'a T: for<'a> EncodeLabelKey,

fn encode(&self, encoder: &mut LabelKeyEncoder<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Encode oneself into the given encoder.

impl<T> EncodeLabelValue for Arc<T>

where &'a T: for<'a> EncodeLabelValue,

fn encode(&self, encoder: &mut LabelValueEncoder<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Encode oneself into the given encoder.

impl<T> Error for Arc<T>

where T: Error + ?Sized,

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn provide<'a>(&'a self, req: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)

Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports.

impl<T> Exists for Arc<T>

where T: Exists,

fn exists(&self, id: &oid) -> bool

Returns true if the object exists in the database.

impl<S> Filter<S> for Arc<dyn Filter<S> + Send + Sync>

fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Returns true if this layer is interested in a span or event with the given Metadata in the current Context, similarly to Subscriber::enabled.

fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Returns an Interest indicating whether this layer will always, sometimes, or never be interested in the given Metadata.

fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option<LevelFilter>

Returns an optional hint of the highest verbosity level that this Filter will enable.

fn event_enabled(&self, event: &Event<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Called before the filtered [Layer]'s [on_event], to determine if on_event` should be called.

fn on_new_span(&self, attrs: &Attributes<'_>, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this filter that a new span was constructed with the given Attributes and Id.

fn on_record(&self, id: &Id, values: &Record<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this filter that a span with the given Id recorded the given values.

fn on_enter(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this filter that a span with the given ID was entered.

fn on_exit(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this filter that a span with the given ID was exited.

fn on_close(&self, id: Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this filter that a span with the given ID has been closed.

impl<S> Filter<S> for Arc<dyn Filter<S> + Send + Sync>

fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Returns true if this layer is interested in a span or event with the given Metadata in the current Context, similarly to Subscriber::enabled.

fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Returns an Interest indicating whether this layer will always, sometimes, or never be interested in the given Metadata.

fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option<LevelFilter>

Returns an optional hint of the highest verbosity level that this Filter will enable.

impl<T> Find for Arc<T>

where T: Find,

fn try_find<'a>( &self, id: &oid, buffer: &'a mut Vec<u8>, ) -> Result<Option<Data<'a>>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>

Find an object matching id in the database while placing its raw, possibly encoded data into buffer.

impl<T> From<&[T]> for Arc<[T]>

where T: Clone,

fn from(v: &[T]) -> Arc<[T]>

Allocates a reference-counted slice and fills it by cloning v’s items.

Example

let original: &[i32] = &[1, 2, 3];
let shared: Arc<[i32]> = Arc::from(original);
assert_eq!(&[1, 2, 3], &shared[..]);

impl From<&CStr> for Arc<CStr>

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Arc<CStr>

Converts a &CStr into a Arc<CStr>, by copying the contents into a newly allocated Arc.

impl From<&OsStr> for Arc<OsStr>

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Arc<OsStr>

Copies the string into a newly allocated Arc<OsStr>.

impl From<&Path> for Arc<Path>

fn from(s: &Path) -> Arc<Path>

Converts a Path into an Arc by copying the Path data into a new Arc buffer.

impl From<&Utf8Path> for Arc<Path>

fn from(path: &Utf8Path) -> Arc<Path>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<&Utf8Path> for Arc<Utf8Path>

fn from(path: &Utf8Path) -> Arc<Utf8Path>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<T> From<&mut [T]> for Arc<[T]>

where T: Clone,

fn from(v: &mut [T]) -> Arc<[T]>

Allocates a reference-counted slice and fills it by cloning v’s items.

Example

let mut original = [1, 2, 3];
let original: &mut [i32] = &mut original;
let shared: Arc<[i32]> = Arc::from(original);
assert_eq!(&[1, 2, 3], &shared[..]);

impl From<&mut CStr> for Arc<CStr>

fn from(s: &mut CStr) -> Arc<CStr>

Converts a &mut CStr into a Arc<CStr>, by copying the contents into a newly allocated Arc.

impl From<&mut OsStr> for Arc<OsStr>

fn from(s: &mut OsStr) -> Arc<OsStr>

Copies the string into a newly allocated Arc<OsStr>.

impl From<&mut Path> for Arc<Path>

fn from(s: &mut Path) -> Arc<Path>

Converts a Path into an Arc by copying the Path data into a new Arc buffer.

impl From<&mut str> for Arc<str>

fn from(v: &mut str) -> Arc<str>

Allocates a reference-counted str and copies v into it.

Example

let mut original = String::from("eggplant");
let original: &mut str = &mut original;
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(original);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl From<&str> for Arc<str>

fn from(v: &str) -> Arc<str>

Allocates a reference-counted str and copies v into it.

Example

let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from("eggplant");
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl<T, const N: usize> From<[T; N]> for Arc<[T]>

fn from(v: [T; N]) -> Arc<[T]>

Converts a [T; N] into an Arc<[T]>.

The conversion moves the array into a newly allocated Arc.

Example

let original: [i32; 3] = [1, 2, 3];
let shared: Arc<[i32]> = Arc::from(original);
assert_eq!(&[1, 2, 3], &shared[..]);

impl<W> From<Arc<W>> for Waker

where W: Wake + Send + Sync + 'static,

fn from(waker: Arc<W>) -> Waker

Use a Wake-able type as a Waker.

No heap allocations or atomic operations are used for this conversion.

impl From<Arc<str>> for Arc<[u8]>

fn from(rc: Arc<str>) -> Arc<[u8]>

Converts an atomically reference-counted string slice into a byte slice.

Example

let string: Arc<str> = Arc::from("eggplant");
let bytes: Arc<[u8]> = Arc::from(string);
assert_eq!("eggplant".as_bytes(), bytes.as_ref());

impl<T, A> From<Box<T, A>> for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn from(v: Box<T, A>) -> Arc<T, A>

Move a boxed object to a new, reference-counted allocation.

Example

let unique: Box<str> = Box::from("eggplant");
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(unique);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl From<CString> for Arc<CStr>

fn from(s: CString) -> Arc<CStr>

Converts a CString into an Arc<CStr> by moving the CString data into a new Arc buffer.

impl<'a, B> From<Cow<'a, B>> for Arc<B>

where B: ToOwned + ?Sized, Arc<B>: From<&'a B> + From<<B as ToOwned>::Owned>,

fn from(cow: Cow<'a, B>) -> Arc<B>

Creates an atomically reference-counted pointer from a clone-on-write pointer by copying its content.

Example

let cow: Cow<'_, str> = Cow::Borrowed("eggplant");
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(cow);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl From<OsString> for Arc<OsStr>

fn from(s: OsString) -> Arc<OsStr>

Converts an OsString into an Arc<OsStr> by moving the OsString data into a new Arc buffer.

impl From<PathBuf> for Arc<Path>

fn from(s: PathBuf) -> Arc<Path>

Converts a PathBuf into an Arc<Path> by moving the PathBuf data into a new Arc buffer.

impl From<String> for Arc<str>

fn from(v: String) -> Arc<str>

Allocates a reference-counted str and copies v into it.

Example

let unique: String = "eggplant".to_owned();
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(unique);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

impl<T> From<T> for Arc<T>

fn from(t: T) -> Arc<T>

Converts a T into an Arc<T>

The conversion moves the value into a newly allocated Arc. It is equivalent to calling Arc::new(t).

Example

let x = 5;
let arc = Arc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Arc::from(x), arc);

impl From<Utf8PathBuf> for Arc<Path>

fn from(path: Utf8PathBuf) -> Arc<Path>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Utf8PathBuf> for Arc<Utf8Path>

fn from(path: Utf8PathBuf) -> Arc<Utf8Path>

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<T, A> From<Vec<T, A>> for Arc<[T], A>

where A: Allocator + Clone,

fn from(v: Vec<T, A>) -> Arc<[T], A>

Allocates a reference-counted slice and moves v’s items into it.

Example

let unique: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 2, 3];
let shared: Arc<[i32]> = Arc::from(unique);
assert_eq!(&[1, 2, 3], &shared[..]);

impl<T> FromHex for Arc<T>

where T: FromHex,

type Error = <T as FromHex>::Error

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

fn from_hex<U>(hex: U) -> Result<Arc<T>, <Arc<T> as FromHex>::Error>

where U: AsRef<[u8]>,

Creates an instance of type Self from the given hex string, or fails with a custom error type.

impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Arc<[T]>

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Arc<[T]>

where I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,

Takes each element in the Iterator and collects it into an Arc<[T]>.

Performance characteristics

The general case

In the general case, collecting into Arc<[T]> is done by first collecting into a Vec<T>. That is, when writing the following:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0).collect();

this behaves as if we wrote:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).filter(|&x| x % 2 == 0)
    .collect::<Vec<_>>() // The first set of allocations happens here.
    .into(); // A second allocation for `Arc<[T]>` happens here.

This will allocate as many times as needed for constructing the Vec<T> and then it will allocate once for turning the Vec<T> into the Arc<[T]>.

Iterators of known length

When your Iterator implements TrustedLen and is of an exact size, a single allocation will be made for the Arc<[T]>. For example:

let evens: Arc<[u8]> = (0..10).collect(); // Just a single allocation happens here.

impl<T> FromParallelIterator<T> for Arc<[T]>

where T: Send,

Collects items from a parallel iterator into an atomically-reference-counted slice.

fn from_par_iter<I>(par_iter: I) -> Arc<[T]>

where I: IntoParallelIterator<Item = T>,

Creates an instance of the collection from the parallel iterator par_iter.

impl<T> GasOracle for Arc<T>

where T: GasOracle + ?Sized, Arc<T>: Send + Sync + Debug,

fn fetch<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, GasOracleError>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

Makes an asynchronous HTTP query to the underlying GasOracle to fetch the current gas price estimate.

fn estimate_eip1559_fees<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(U256, U256), GasOracleError>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

Makes an asynchronous HTTP query to the underlying GasOracle to fetch the current max gas fee and priority gas fee estimates.

impl<T> GaugeFn for Arc<T>

where T: GaugeFn,

fn increment(&self, value: f64)

Increments the gauge by the given amount.

fn decrement(&self, value: f64)

Decrements the gauge by the given amount.

fn set(&self, value: f64)

Sets the gauge to the given amount.

impl<T, A> Hash for Arc<T, A>

where T: Hash + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<T> Header for Arc<T>

where T: Header,

fn try_header( &self, id: &oid, ) -> Result<Option<Header>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>

Find the header of the object matching id in the database.

impl HeapStr for Arc<str>

fn from_str(other: &str) -> Arc<str>

fn from_string(other: String) -> Arc<str>

fn from_boxed_str(other: Box<str>) -> Arc<str>

fn as_str(&self) -> &str

impl<T> HistogramFn for Arc<T>

where T: HistogramFn,

fn record(&self, value: f64)

Records a value into the histogram.

fn record_many(&self, value: f64, count: usize)

Records a value into the histogram multiple times.

impl<T> IntoVisitor for Arc<T>

where T: IntoVisitor,

type AnyVisitor<R: TypeResolver> = BasicVisitor<Arc<T>, R>

The visitor type used to decode SCALE encoded bytes to Self.

fn into_visitor<R>() -> <Arc<T> as IntoVisitor>::AnyVisitor<R>

where R: TypeResolver,

A means of obtaining this visitor.

impl<U> JsonRpcClient for Arc<U>

where U: JsonRpcClient + ?Sized, Arc<U>: Debug + Send + Sync,

type Error = <U as JsonRpcClient>::Error

A JSON-RPC Error

fn request<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait, T, R>( &'life0 self, method: &'life1 str, params: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<R, <Arc<U> as JsonRpcClient>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, T: Debug + Serialize + Send + Sync + 'async_trait, R: DeserializeOwned + Send + 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends a request with the provided JSON-RPC and parameters serialized as JSON

impl<T> Keystore for Arc<T>

where T: Keystore + ?Sized,

fn sr25519_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<Public>

Returns all the sr25519 public keys for the given key type.

fn sr25519_generate_new( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, seed: Option<&str>, ) -> Result<Public, Error>

Generate a new sr25519 key pair for the given key type and an optional seed.

fn sr25519_sign( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, msg: &[u8], ) -> Result<Option<Signature>, Error>

Generate an sr25519 signature for a given message.

fn sr25519_vrf_sign( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, data: &VrfSignData, ) -> Result<Option<VrfSignature>, Error>

Generate an sr25519 VRF signature for the given data.

fn sr25519_vrf_pre_output( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, input: &VrfTranscript, ) -> Result<Option<VrfPreOutput>, Error>

Generate an sr25519 VRF pre-output for a given input data.

fn ed25519_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<Public>

Returns all ed25519 public keys for the given key type.

fn ed25519_generate_new( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, seed: Option<&str>, ) -> Result<Public, Error>

Generate a new ed25519 key pair for the given key type and an optional seed.

fn ed25519_sign( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, msg: &[u8], ) -> Result<Option<Signature>, Error>

Generate an ed25519 signature for a given message.

fn ecdsa_public_keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Vec<Public>

Returns all ecdsa public keys for the given key type.

fn ecdsa_generate_new( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, seed: Option<&str>, ) -> Result<Public, Error>

Generate a new ecdsa key pair for the given key type and an optional seed.

fn ecdsa_sign( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, msg: &[u8], ) -> Result<Option<Signature>, Error>

Generate an ecdsa signature for a given message.

fn ecdsa_sign_prehashed( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, public: &Public, msg: &[u8; 32], ) -> Result<Option<Signature>, Error>

Generate an ecdsa signature for a given pre-hashed message.

fn insert( &self, key_type: KeyTypeId, suri: &str, public: &[u8], ) -> Result<(), ()>

Insert a new secret key.

fn keys(&self, key_type: KeyTypeId) -> Result<Vec<Vec<u8>>, Error>

List all supported keys of a given type.

fn has_keys(&self, public_keys: &[(Vec<u8>, KeyTypeId)]) -> bool

Checks if the private keys for the given public key and key type combinations exist.

fn sign_with( &self, id: KeyTypeId, crypto_id: CryptoTypeId, public: &[u8], msg: &[u8], ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Error>

Convenience method to sign a message using the given key type and a raw public key for secret lookup.

impl<L, S> Layer<S> for Arc<L>

where L: Layer<S>, S: Subscriber,

fn on_layer(&mut self, subscriber: &mut S)

Performs late initialization when attaching a Layer to a Subscriber.

fn new_span(&self, attrs: &Attributes<'_>, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a new span was constructed with the given Attributes and Id.

fn register_callsite(&self, metadata: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Registers a new callsite with this layer, returning whether or not the layer is interested in being notified about the callsite, similarly to Subscriber::register_callsite.

fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Returns true if this layer is interested in a span or event with the given metadata in the current Context, similarly to Subscriber::enabled.

fn on_record(&self, span: &Id, values: &Record<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the given Id recorded the given values.

fn on_follows_from(&self, span: &Id, follows: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the ID span recorded that it follows from the span with the ID follows.

fn on_event(&self, event: &Event<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that an event has occurred.

fn on_enter(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the given ID was entered.

fn on_exit(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that the span with the given ID was exited.

fn on_close(&self, id: Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that the span with the given ID has been closed.

fn on_id_change(&self, old: &Id, new: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span ID has been cloned, and that the subscriber returned a different ID.

fn and_then<L>(self, layer: L) -> Layered<L, Self, S>

where L: Layer<S>, Self: Sized,

Composes this layer around the given Layer, returning a Layered struct implementing Layer.

fn with_subscriber(self, inner: S) -> Layered<Self, S>

where Self: Sized,

Composes this Layer with the given Subscriber, returning a Layered struct that implements Subscriber.

fn with_filter<F>(self, filter: F) -> Filtered<Self, F, S>

where Self: Sized, F: Filter<S>,

Combines self with a Filter, returning a Filtered layer.

impl<S> Layer<S> for Arc<dyn Layer<S> + Send + Sync>

where S: Subscriber,

fn on_layer(&mut self, subscriber: &mut S)

Performs late initialization when attaching a Layer to a Subscriber.

fn new_span(&self, attrs: &Attributes<'_>, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a new span was constructed with the given Attributes and Id.

fn register_callsite(&self, metadata: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Registers a new callsite with this layer, returning whether or not the layer is interested in being notified about the callsite, similarly to Subscriber::register_callsite.

fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Returns true if this layer is interested in a span or event with the given metadata in the current Context, similarly to Subscriber::enabled.

fn on_record(&self, span: &Id, values: &Record<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the given Id recorded the given values.

fn on_follows_from(&self, span: &Id, follows: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the ID span recorded that it follows from the span with the ID follows.

fn on_event(&self, event: &Event<'_>, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that an event has occurred.

fn on_enter(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span with the given ID was entered.

fn on_exit(&self, id: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that the span with the given ID was exited.

fn on_close(&self, id: Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that the span with the given ID has been closed.

fn on_id_change(&self, old: &Id, new: &Id, ctx: Context<'_, S>)

Notifies this layer that a span ID has been cloned, and that the subscriber returned a different ID.

fn and_then<L>(self, layer: L) -> Layered<L, Self, S>

where L: Layer<S>, Self: Sized,

Composes this layer around the given Layer, returning a Layered struct implementing Layer.

fn with_subscriber(self, inner: S) -> Layered<Self, S>

where Self: Sized,

Composes this Layer with the given Subscriber, returning a Layered struct that implements Subscriber.

fn with_filter<F>(self, filter: F) -> Filtered<Self, F, S>

where Self: Sized, F: Filter<S>,

Combines self with a Filter, returning a Filtered layer.

impl<Sp> LocalSpawn for Arc<Sp>

where Sp: LocalSpawn + ?Sized,

fn spawn_local_obj( &self, future: LocalFutureObj<'static, ()>, ) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Spawns a future that will be run to completion.

fn status_local(&self) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Determines whether the executor is able to spawn new tasks.

impl<T> Log for Arc<T>

where T: Log + ?Sized,

fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> bool

Determines if a log message with the specified metadata would be logged.

fn log(&self, record: &Record<'_>)

Logs the Record.

fn flush(&self)

Flushes any buffered records.

impl<'a, W> MakeWriter<'a> for Arc<W>

where &'a W: Write + 'a,

type Writer = &'a W

The concrete io::Write implementation returned by make_writer.

fn make_writer(&'a self) -> <Arc<W> as MakeWriter<'a>>::Writer

Returns an instance of Writer.

fn make_writer_for(&'a self, meta: &Metadata<'_>) -> Self::Writer

Returns a Writer for writing data from the span or event described by the provided Metadata.

impl<W> MakeWriter for Arc<W>

where &'a W: for<'a> Write,

type Writer = ArcWriter<W>

The concrete io::Write implementation returned by make_writer.

fn make_writer(&self) -> <Arc<W> as MakeWriter>::Writer

Returns an instance of Writer.

fn make_writer_for(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>) -> Self::Writer

Returns a Writer for writing data from the span or event described by the provided Metadata.

impl<T> MaxEncodedLen for Arc<T>

where T: MaxEncodedLen,

fn max_encoded_len() -> usize

Upper bound, in bytes, of the maximum encoded size of this item.

impl<U> Middleware for Arc<U>

where U: Middleware + ?Sized, Arc<U>: Sync + Send + Debug,

type Error = <U as Middleware>::Error

Error type returned by most operations

type Provider = <U as Middleware>::Provider

The JSON-RPC client type at the bottom of the stack

type Inner = <U as Middleware>::Inner

The next-lower middleware in the middleware stack

fn inner(&self) -> &<Arc<U> as Middleware>::Inner

Get a reference to the next-lower middleware in the middleware stack

fn convert_err(p: ProviderError) -> <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error

Convert a provider error into the associated error type by successively converting it to every intermediate middleware error

fn provider(&self) -> &Provider<<Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider>

The HTTP or Websocket provider.

fn default_sender(&self) -> Option<H160>

Return the default sender (if any). This will typically be the connected node’s first address, or the address of a Signer in a lower middleware stack

fn client_version<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the current client version using the web3_clientVersion RPC.

fn fill_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 mut TypedTransaction, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Fill necessary details of a transaction for dispatch

fn get_block_number<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U64, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Get the block number

fn get_header<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<Transaction>>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Get the block header by number or hash

fn send_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, tx: T, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransaction<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends the transaction to the entire Ethereum network and returns the transaction’s hash. This will consume gas from the account that signed the transaction. This call will fail if no signer is available, and the RPC node does not have an unlocked accounts

fn send_escalating<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>( &'a self, tx: &'life0 TypedTransaction, escalations: usize, policy: Box<dyn Fn(U256, usize) -> U256 + Send + Sync>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<EscalatingPending<'a, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'a: 'async_trait, 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Send a transaction with a simple escalation policy.

fn resolve_name<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ens_name: &'life1 str, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<H160, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the address that the ens_name resolves to (or None if not configured).

fn lookup_address<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, address: H160, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the ENS name the address resolves to (or None if not configured).

fn resolve_avatar<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ens_name: &'life1 str, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Url, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the avatar HTTP link of the avatar that the ens_name resolves to (or None if not configured)

fn resolve_nft<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, token: ERCNFT, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Url, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the URL (not necesserily HTTP) of the image behind a token.

fn resolve_field<'life0, 'life1, 'life2, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ens_name: &'life1 str, field: &'life2 str, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, 'life2: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Fetch a field for the ens_name (no None if not configured).

fn get_block<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<H256>>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the block at block_hash_or_number (transaction hashes only)

fn get_block_with_txs<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<Transaction>>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the block at block_hash_or_number (full transactions included)

fn get_uncle_count<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the block uncle count at block_hash_or_number

fn get_uncle<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, idx: U64, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Block<H256>>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the block uncle at block_hash_or_number and idx

fn get_transaction_count<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, from: T, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the nonce of the address

fn estimate_gas<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends a transaction to a single Ethereum node and return the estimated amount of gas required (as a U256) to send it This is free, but only an estimate. Providing too little gas will result in a transaction being rejected (while still consuming all provided gas).

fn call<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Bytes, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends the read-only (constant) transaction to a single Ethereum node and return the result (as bytes) of executing it. This is free, since it does not change any state on the blockchain.

fn syncing<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SyncingStatus, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Return current client syncing status. If IsFalse sync is over.

fn get_chainid<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the currently configured chain id, a value used in replay-protected transaction signing as introduced by EIP-155.

fn get_net_version<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the network version.

fn get_balance<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, from: T, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the account’s balance

fn get_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, transaction_hash: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Transaction>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Send + Sync + Into<H256>, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the transaction with transaction_hash

fn get_transaction_by_block_and_index<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_hash_or_number: T, idx: U64, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<Transaction>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockId> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the transaction with block and index

fn get_transaction_receipt<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, transaction_hash: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<TransactionReceipt>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Send + Sync + Into<H256>, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the transaction receipt with transaction_hash

fn get_block_receipts<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<TransactionReceipt>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockNumber> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns all receipts for a block.

fn get_gas_price<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<U256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the current gas price as estimated by the node

fn estimate_eip1559_fees<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, estimator: Option<fn(_: U256, _: Vec<Vec<U256>>) -> (U256, U256)>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(U256, U256), <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets a heuristic recommendation of max fee per gas and max priority fee per gas for EIP-1559 compatible transactions.

fn get_accounts<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<H160>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the accounts on the node

fn send_raw_transaction<'a, 'async_trait>( &'a self, tx: Bytes, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransaction<'a, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'a: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Send the raw RLP encoded transaction to the entire Ethereum network and returns the transaction’s hash This will consume gas from the account that signed the transaction.

fn is_signer<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = bool> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

This returns true if either the middleware stack contains a SignerMiddleware, or the JSON-RPC provider has an unlocked key that can sign using the eth_sign call. If none of the above conditions are met, then the middleware stack is not capable of signing data.

fn sign<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, data: T, from: &'life1 H160, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Signature, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<Bytes> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Signs data using a specific account. This account needs to be unlocked, or the middleware stack must contain a SignerMiddleware

fn sign_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction, from: H160, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Signature, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sign a transaction via RPC call

fn get_logs<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: &'life1 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Log>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns an array (possibly empty) of logs that match the filter

fn get_logs_paginated<'a>( &'a self, filter: &Filter, page_size: u64, ) -> LogQuery<'a, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider>

Returns a stream of logs are loaded in pages of given page size

fn watch<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>( &'a self, filter: &'life0 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'a, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, Log>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'a: 'async_trait, 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Streams event logs matching the filter.

fn watch_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, H256>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Streams pending transactions.

fn watch_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterWatcher<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, H256>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Streams new block hashes

fn get_code<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, at: T, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Bytes, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the deployed code at a given address

fn get_storage_at<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, from: T, location: H256, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<H256, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Get the storage of an address for a particular slot location

fn get_proof<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, from: T, locations: Vec<H256>, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<EIP1186ProofResponse, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<NameOrAddress> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the EIP-1186 proof response https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/1186

fn mining<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns an indication if this node is currently mining.

fn import_raw_key<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, private_key: Bytes, passphrase: String, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<H160, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends the given key to the node to be encrypted with the provided passphrase and stored.

fn unlock_account<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, account: T, passphrase: String, duration: Option<u64>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<H160> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Prompts the node to decrypt the given account from its keystore.

fn add_peer<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, enode_url: String, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Requests adding the given peer, returning a boolean representing whether or not the peer was accepted for tracking.

fn add_trusted_peer<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, enode_url: String, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Requests adding the given peer as a trusted peer, which the node will always connect to even when its peer slots are full.

fn node_info<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<NodeInfo, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns general information about the node as well as information about the running p2p protocols (e.g. eth, snap).

fn peers<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<PeerInfo>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the list of peers currently connected to the node.

fn remove_peer<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, enode_url: String, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Requests to remove the given peer, returning true if the enode was successfully parsed and the peer was removed.

fn remove_trusted_peer<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, enode_url: String, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<bool, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Requests to remove the given peer, returning a boolean representing whether or not the enode url passed was validated. A return value of true does not necessarily mean that the peer was disconnected.

fn start_mining<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Starts the miner.

fn stop_mining<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Stop terminates the miner, both at the consensus engine level as well as at the block creation level.

fn txpool_content<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolContent, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the details of all transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. Ref: Here

fn txpool_inspect<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolInspect, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns a summary of all the transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. Ref: Here

fn txpool_status<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<TxpoolStatus, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns the number of transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. Ref: Here

fn debug_trace_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx_hash: H256, trace_options: GethDebugTracingOptions, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<GethTrace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

After replaying any previous transactions in the same block, Replays a transaction, returning the traces configured with passed options

fn debug_trace_call<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, req: T, block: Option<BlockId>, trace_options: GethDebugTracingCallOptions, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<GethTrace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Executes the given call and returns a number of possible traces for it

fn debug_trace_block_by_number<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block: Option<BlockNumber>, trace_options: GethDebugTracingOptions, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<GethTrace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Replays all transactions in a given block (specified by block number) and returns the traces configured with passed options Ref: Here

fn debug_trace_block_by_hash<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block: H256, trace_options: GethDebugTracingOptions, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<GethTrace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Replays all transactions in a given block (specified by block hash) and returns the traces configured with passed options Ref: Here

fn trace_call<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, req: T, trace_type: Vec<TraceType>, block: Option<BlockNumber>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Executes the given call and returns a number of possible traces for it

fn trace_call_many<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, req: Vec<(T, Vec<TraceType>)>, block: Option<BlockNumber>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<BlockTrace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<TypedTransaction> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Executes given calls and returns a number of possible traces for each call

fn trace_raw_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, data: Bytes, trace_type: Vec<TraceType>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Traces a call to eth_sendRawTransaction without making the call, returning the traces

fn trace_replay_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, hash: H256, trace_type: Vec<TraceType>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<BlockTrace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Replays a transaction, returning the traces

fn trace_replay_block_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block: BlockNumber, trace_type: Vec<TraceType>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<BlockTrace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Replays all transactions in a block returning the requested traces for each transaction

fn trace_block<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block: BlockNumber, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns traces created at given block

fn trace_filter<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: TraceFilter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Return traces matching the given filter

fn trace_get<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, hash: H256, index: Vec<T>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Trace, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<U64> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns trace at the given position

fn trace_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, hash: H256, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Trace>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns all traces of a given transaction

fn parity_block_receipts<'life0, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block: T, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<TransactionReceipt>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<BlockNumber> + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns all receipts for that block. Must be done on a parity node.

fn subscribe_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, Block<H256>>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider: PubsubClient, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of incoming blocks.

fn subscribe_pending_txs<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, H256>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider: PubsubClient, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of pending transaction hashes.

fn subscribe_full_pending_txs<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'life0, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, Transaction>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider: PubsubClient, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of pending transaction bodies.

fn subscribe_logs<'a, 'life0, 'async_trait>( &'a self, filter: &'life0 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<SubscriptionStream<'a, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider, Log>, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'a: 'async_trait, 'life0: 'async_trait, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Provider: PubsubClient, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of event logs matchin the provided Filter.

fn fee_history<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait, T>( &'life0 self, block_count: T, last_block: BlockNumber, reward_percentiles: &'life1 [f64], ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FeeHistory, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, T: 'async_trait + Into<U256> + Serialize + Send + Sync, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Query the node for a FeeHistory object. This objct contains information about the EIP-1559 base fee in past blocks, as well as gas utilization within those blocks.

fn create_access_list<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 TypedTransaction, block: Option<BlockId>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<AccessListWithGasUsed, <Arc<U> as Middleware>::Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Query the node for an EIP-2930 Access List.

impl<T> Network for Arc<T>

where T: Network + ?Sized, Arc<T>: Send + Sync + 'static,

fn next_message<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Option<ProtocolMessage>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

fn send_message<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, message: ProtocolMessage, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

fn build_protocol_message<Payload>( identifier_info: IdentifierInfo, from: u16, to: Option<u16>, payload: &Payload, from_account_id: Option<Public>, to_network_id: Option<Public>, ) -> ProtocolMessage

where Payload: Serialize,

impl<N, T> NetworkWallet<N> for Arc<T>

where N: Network, T: NetworkWallet<N> + ?Sized, Arc<T>: Debug + Send + Sync,

fn default_signer_address(&self) -> Address

Get the default signer address. This address should be used in NetworkWallet::sign_transaction_from when no specific signer is specified.

fn has_signer_for(&self, address: &Address) -> bool

Return true if the signer contains a credential for the given address.

fn signer_addresses(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Address>

Return an iterator of all signer addresses.

fn sign_transaction_from( &self, sender: Address, tx: <N as Network>::UnsignedTx, ) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<<N as Network>::TxEnvelope, Error>>

Asynchronously sign an unsigned transaction, with a specified credential.

fn sign_transaction( &self, tx: <N as Network>::UnsignedTx, ) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<<N as Network>::TxEnvelope, Error>>

Asynchronously sign an unsigned transaction.

fn sign_request( &self, request: <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, ) -> impl Send + Future<Output = Result<<N as Network>::TxEnvelope, Error>>

Asynchronously sign a transaction request, using the sender specified in the from field.

impl<T, A> Ord for Arc<T, A>

where T: Ord + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn cmp(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> Ordering

Comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Ordering::Less, five.cmp(&Arc::new(6)));

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl<T, A> PartialEq for Arc<T, A>

where T: PartialEq + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn eq(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

Equality for two Arcs.

Two Arcs are equal if their inner values are equal, even if they are stored in different allocation.

If T also implements Eq (implying reflexivity of equality), two Arcs that point to the same allocation are always equal.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five == Arc::new(5));

fn ne(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

Inequality for two Arcs.

Two Arcs are not equal if their inner values are not equal.

If T also implements Eq (implying reflexivity of equality), two Arcs that point to the same value are always equal.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five != Arc::new(6));

impl<T, A> PartialOrd for Arc<T, A>

where T: PartialOrd + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> Option<Ordering>

Partial comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling partial_cmp() on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::cmp::Ordering;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert_eq!(Some(Ordering::Less), five.partial_cmp(&Arc::new(6)));

fn lt(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

Less-than comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling < on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five < Arc::new(6));

fn le(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

‘Less than or equal to’ comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling <= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five <= Arc::new(5));

fn gt(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

Greater-than comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling > on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five > Arc::new(4));

fn ge(&self, other: &Arc<T, A>) -> bool

‘Greater than or equal to’ comparison for two Arcs.

The two are compared by calling >= on their inner values.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

assert!(five >= Arc::new(5));

impl<T, A> Pointer for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl ProvideCredentials for Arc<dyn ProvideCredentials>

fn provide_credentials<'a>(&'a self) -> ProvideCredentials<'a>

where Arc<dyn ProvideCredentials>: 'a,

Returns a future that provides credentials.

fn fallback_on_interrupt(&self) -> Option<Credentials>

Returns fallback credentials.

impl<T, N, U> Provider<T, N> for Arc<U>

where T: Transport + Clone, N: Network, U: Provider<T, N>, Arc<U>: Send + Sync,

fn root(&self) -> &RootProvider<T, N>

Returns the root provider.

fn builder() -> ProviderBuilder<Identity, Identity, N>

where Arc<U>: Sized,

Returns the ProviderBuilder to build on.

fn client(&self) -> &RpcClientInner<T>

Returns the RPC client used to send requests.

fn weak_client(&self) -> Weak<RpcClientInner<T>>

Returns a Weak RPC client used to send requests.

fn get_accounts(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Vec<Address>>

Gets the accounts in the remote node. This is usually empty unless you’re using a local node.

fn get_blob_base_fee(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<128, 2>, u128>

Returns the base fee per blob gas (blob gas price) in wei.

fn get_block_number(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<64, 1>, u64>

Get the last block number available.

fn call<'req>( &self, tx: &'req <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, ) -> EthCall<'req, T, N, Bytes>

Execute a smart contract call with a transaction request and state overrides, without publishing a transaction.

fn simulate<'req>( &self, payload: &'req SimulatePayload, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, &'req SimulatePayload, Vec<SimulatedBlock<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>>>

Executes an arbitrary number of transactions on top of the requested state.

fn get_chain_id(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<64, 1>, u64>

Gets the chain ID.

fn create_access_list<'a>( &self, request: &'a <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, &'a <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, AccessListResult>

Create an EIP-2930 access list.

fn estimate_gas<'req>( &self, tx: &'req <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, ) -> EthCall<'req, T, N, Uint<64, 1>, u64>

This function returns an EthCall which can be used to get a gas estimate, or to add StateOverride or a BlockId. If no overrides or block ID is provided, the gas estimate will be computed for the latest block with the current state.

fn estimate_eip1559_fees<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, estimator: Option<fn(_: u128, _: &[Vec<u128>]) -> Eip1559Estimation>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Eip1559Estimation, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Estimates the EIP1559 maxFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas fields.

fn get_fee_history<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block_count: u64, last_block: BlockNumberOrTag, reward_percentiles: &'life1 [f64], ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FeeHistory, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Returns a collection of historical gas information FeeHistory which can be used to calculate the EIP1559 fields maxFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas. block_count can range from 1 to 1024 blocks in a single request.

fn get_gas_price(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<128, 2>, u128>

Gets the current gas price in wei.

fn get_account(&self, address: Address) -> RpcWithBlock<T, Address, Account>

Retrieves account information (Account) for the given Address at the particular BlockId.

fn get_balance( &self, address: Address, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, Address, Uint<256, 4>>

Gets the balance of the account.

fn get_block<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, block: BlockId, kind: BlockTransactionsKind, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets a block by either its hash, tag, or number, with full transactions or only hashes.

fn get_block_by_hash<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, hash: FixedBytes<32>, kind: BlockTransactionsKind, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets a block by its BlockHash, with full transactions or only hashes.

fn get_block_by_number<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, number: BlockNumberOrTag, hydrate: bool, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Get a block by its number.

fn get_block_receipts( &self, block: BlockId, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (BlockId,), Option<Vec<<N as Network>::ReceiptResponse>>>

Gets the selected block BlockId receipts.

fn get_code_at(&self, address: Address) -> RpcWithBlock<T, Address, Bytes>

Gets the bytecode located at the corresponding Address.

fn watch_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PollerBuilder<T, (Uint<256, 4>,), Vec<FixedBytes<32>>>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Watch for new blocks by polling the provider with eth_getFilterChanges.

fn watch_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PollerBuilder<T, (Uint<256, 4>,), Vec<FixedBytes<32>>>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Watch for new pending transaction by polling the provider with eth_getFilterChanges.

fn watch_logs<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: &'life1 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PollerBuilder<T, (Uint<256, 4>,), Vec<Log>>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Watch for new logs using the given filter by polling the provider with eth_getFilterChanges.

fn watch_full_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PollerBuilder<T, (Uint<256, 4>,), Vec<<N as Network>::TransactionResponse>>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Watch for new pending transaction bodies by polling the provider with eth_getFilterChanges.

fn get_filter_changes_dyn<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, id: Uint<256, 4>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<FilterChanges, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Get a list of values that have been added since the last poll.

fn watch_pending_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, config: PendingTransactionConfig, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransaction, PendingTransactionError>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Watch for the confirmation of a single pending transaction with the given configuration.

fn get_logs<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: &'life1 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<Log>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Retrieves a Vec<Log> with the given Filter.

fn get_proof( &self, address: Address, keys: Vec<FixedBytes<32>>, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, (Address, Vec<FixedBytes<32>>), EIP1186AccountProofResponse>

Get the account and storage values of the specified account including the merkle proofs.

fn get_storage_at( &self, address: Address, key: Uint<256, 4>, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, (Address, Uint<256, 4>), Uint<256, 4>>

Gets the specified storage value from Address.

fn get_transaction_by_hash( &self, hash: FixedBytes<32>, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (FixedBytes<32>,), Option<<N as Network>::TransactionResponse>>

Gets a transaction by its TxHash.

fn get_transaction_by_block_hash_and_index( &self, block_hash: FixedBytes<32>, index: usize, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (FixedBytes<32>, Index), Option<<N as Network>::TransactionResponse>>

Gets a transaction by block hash and transaction index position.

fn get_raw_transaction_by_block_hash_and_index( &self, block_hash: FixedBytes<32>, index: usize, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (FixedBytes<32>, Index), Option<Bytes>>

Gets a raw transaction by block hash and transaction index position.

fn get_transaction_by_block_number_and_index( &self, block_number: BlockNumberOrTag, index: usize, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (BlockNumberOrTag, Index), Option<<N as Network>::TransactionResponse>>

Gets a transaction by block number and transaction index position.

fn get_raw_transaction_by_block_number_and_index( &self, block_number: BlockNumberOrTag, index: usize, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (BlockNumberOrTag, Index), Option<Bytes>>

Gets a raw transaction by block number and transaction index position.

fn get_raw_transaction_by_hash( &self, hash: FixedBytes<32>, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (FixedBytes<32>,), Option<Bytes>>

Returns the EIP-2718 encoded transaction if it exists, see also Decodable2718.

fn get_transaction_count( &self, address: Address, ) -> RpcWithBlock<T, Address, Uint<64, 1>, u64>

Gets the transaction count (AKA “nonce”) of the corresponding address.

fn get_transaction_receipt( &self, hash: FixedBytes<32>, ) -> ProviderCall<T, (FixedBytes<32>,), Option<<N as Network>::ReceiptResponse>>

Gets a transaction receipt if it exists, by its TxHash.

fn get_uncle<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tag: BlockId, idx: u64, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Option<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets an uncle block through the tag BlockId and index u64.

fn get_uncle_count<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tag: BlockId, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<u64, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Gets the number of uncles for the block specified by the tag BlockId.

fn get_max_priority_fee_per_gas( &self, ) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<128, 2>, u128>

Returns a suggestion for the current maxPriorityFeePerGas in wei.

fn new_block_filter<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Uint<256, 4>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Notify the provider that we are interested in new blocks.

fn new_filter<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: &'life1 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Uint<256, 4>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Notify the provider that we are interested in logs that match the given filter.

fn new_pending_transactions_filter<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, full: bool, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Uint<256, 4>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Notify the provider that we are interested in new pending transactions.

fn send_raw_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, encoded_tx: &'life1 [u8], ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransactionBuilder<T, N>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Broadcasts a raw transaction RLP bytes to the network.

fn send_transaction<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: <N as Network>::TransactionRequest, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransactionBuilder<T, N>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Broadcasts a transaction to the network.

fn send_tx_envelope<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: <N as Network>::TxEnvelope, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<PendingTransactionBuilder<T, N>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Broadcasts a transaction envelope to the network.

fn subscribe_blocks<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Subscription<<N as Network>::BlockResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of new block headers.

fn subscribe_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Subscription<FixedBytes<32>>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of pending transaction hashes.

fn subscribe_full_pending_transactions<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Subscription<<N as Network>::TransactionResponse>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of pending transaction bodies.

fn subscribe_logs<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, filter: &'life1 Filter, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Subscription<Log>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Subscribe to a stream of logs matching given filter.

fn unsubscribe<'life0, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, id: FixedBytes<32>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<(), RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Cancels a subscription given the subscription ID.

fn syncing(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], SyncStatus>

Gets syncing info.

fn get_client_version(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], String>

Gets the client version.

fn get_sha3(&self, data: &[u8]) -> ProviderCall<T, (String,), FixedBytes<32>>

Gets the Keccak-256 hash of the given data.

fn get_net_version(&self) -> ProviderCall<T, [(); 0], Uint<64, 1>, u64>

Gets the network ID. Same as eth_chainId.

fn raw_request<'life0, 'async_trait, P, R>( &'life0 self, method: Cow<'static, str>, params: P, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<R, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, P: RpcParam + 'async_trait, R: RpcReturn + 'async_trait, Arc<U>: Sized + 'async_trait,

Sends a raw JSON-RPC request.

fn raw_request_dyn<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, method: Cow<'static, str>, params: &'life1 RawValue, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Box<RawValue>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<U>: 'async_trait,

Sends a raw JSON-RPC request with type-erased parameters and return.

fn transaction_request(&self) -> <N as Network>::TransactionRequest

Creates a new TransactionRequest.

fn get_filter_changes<'life0, 'async_trait, R>( &'life0 self, id: Uint<256, 4>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Vec<R>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, Self: Sized + 'async_trait, R: 'async_trait + RpcReturn,

Get a list of values that have been added since the last poll.

fn subscribe<'life0, 'async_trait, P, R>( &'life0 self, params: P, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Subscription<R>, RpcError<TransportErrorKind>>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, P: RpcParam + 'async_trait, R: RpcReturn + 'async_trait, Self: Sized + 'async_trait,

Subscribe to an RPC event.

impl Read for Arc<File>

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn read_buf(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>

where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl ReadRuntimeVersion for Arc<dyn ReadRuntimeVersion>

fn read_runtime_version( &self, wasm_code: &[u8], ext: &mut dyn Externalities, ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String>

Reads the runtime version information from the given wasm code.

impl<T> Recorder for Arc<T>

where T: Recorder + ?Sized,

fn describe_counter( &self, key: KeyName, unit: Option<Unit>, description: Cow<'static, str>, )

Describes a counter.

fn describe_gauge( &self, key: KeyName, unit: Option<Unit>, description: Cow<'static, str>, )

Describes a gauge.

fn describe_histogram( &self, key: KeyName, unit: Option<Unit>, description: Cow<'static, str>, )

Describes a histogram.

fn register_counter(&self, key: &Key, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> Counter

Registers a counter.

fn register_gauge(&self, key: &Key, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> Gauge

Registers a gauge.

fn register_histogram(&self, key: &Key, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> Histogram

Registers a histogram.

impl<T> RpcClientT for Arc<T>

where T: RpcClientT,

fn request_raw<'a>( &'a self, method: &'a str, params: Option<Box<RawValue>>, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Box<RawValue>, RpcError>> + Send + 'a>>

Make a raw request for which we expect a single response back from. Implementations should expect that the params will either be None, or be an already-serialized JSON array of parameters.

fn subscribe_raw<'a>( &'a self, sub: &'a str, params: Option<Box<RawValue>>, unsub: &'a str, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<RawRpcSubscription, RpcError>> + Send + 'a>>

Subscribe to some method. Implementations should expect that the params will either be None, or be an already-serialized JSON array of parameters.

impl Seek for Arc<File>

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream.

fn rewind(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Rewind to the beginning of a stream.

fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_stream_len)

Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream.

fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> Result<(), Error>

Seeks relative to the current position.

impl<T> Serialize for Arc<T>

where T: Serialize + ?Sized,

This impl requires the "rc" Cargo feature of Serde.

Serializing a data structure containing Arc will serialize a copy of the contents of the Arc each time the Arc is referenced within the data structure. Serialization will not attempt to deduplicate these repeated data.

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<T, U> SerializeAs<Arc<T>> for Arc<U>

where U: SerializeAs<T>,

fn serialize_as<S>( source: &Arc<T>, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<Request, S> Service<Request> for Arc<S>

where S: Service<Request> + ?Sized,

type Response = <S as Service<Request>>::Response

Responses given by the service.

type Error = <S as Service<Request>>::Error

Errors produced by the service.

type Future = <S as Service<Request>>::Future

The future response value.

fn call(&self, req: Request) -> <Arc<S> as Service<Request>>::Future

Process the request and return the response asynchronously. call takes &self instead of mut &self because:

impl<Sig, U> SignerSync<Sig> for Arc<U>

where U: SignerSync<Sig> + ?Sized,

fn sign_hash_sync(&self, hash: &FixedBytes<32>) -> Result<Sig, Error>

Signs the given hash.

fn sign_message_sync(&self, message: &[u8]) -> Result<Sig, Error>

Signs the hash of the provided message after prefixing it, as specified in EIP-191.

fn chain_id_sync(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns the signer’s chain ID.

impl<Sp> Spawn for Arc<Sp>

where Sp: Spawn + ?Sized,

fn spawn_obj(&self, future: FutureObj<'static, ()>) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Spawns a future that will be run to completion.

fn status(&self) -> Result<(), SpawnError>

Determines whether the executor is able to spawn new tasks.

impl<T> Specifier<DynSolType> for Arc<T>

where T: Specifier<DynSolType> + ?Sized,

fn resolve(&self) -> Result<DynSolType, Error>

Resolve the type into a value.

impl<S> Subscriber for Arc<S>

where S: Subscriber + ?Sized,

fn register_callsite(&self, metadata: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Registers a new callsite with this subscriber, returning whether or not the subscriber is interested in being notified about the callsite.

fn enabled(&self, metadata: &Metadata<'_>) -> bool

Returns true if a span or event with the specified metadata would be recorded.

fn max_level_hint(&self) -> Option<LevelFilter>

Returns the highest verbosity level that this Subscriber will enable, or None, if the subscriber does not implement level-based filtering or chooses not to implement this method.

fn new_span(&self, span: &Attributes<'_>) -> Id

Visit the construction of a new span, returning a new span ID for the span being constructed.

fn record(&self, span: &Id, values: &Record<'_>)

Record a set of values on a span.

fn record_follows_from(&self, span: &Id, follows: &Id)

Adds an indication that span follows from the span with the id follows.

fn event_enabled(&self, event: &Event<'_>) -> bool

Determine if an Event should be recorded.

fn event(&self, event: &Event<'_>)

Records that an Event has occurred.

fn enter(&self, span: &Id)

Records that a span has been entered.

fn exit(&self, span: &Id)

Records that a span has been exited.

fn clone_span(&self, id: &Id) -> Id

Notifies the subscriber that a span ID has been cloned.

fn try_close(&self, id: Id) -> bool

Notifies the subscriber that a span ID has been dropped, and returns true if there are now 0 IDs that refer to that span.

fn drop_span(&self, id: Id)

👎Deprecated since 0.1.2: use Subscriber::try_close instead

This method is deprecated.

fn current_span(&self) -> Current

Returns a type representing this subscriber’s view of the current span.

unsafe fn downcast_raw(&self, id: TypeId) -> Option<*const ()>

If self is the same type as the provided TypeId, returns an untyped *const pointer to that type. Otherwise, returns None.

fn on_register_dispatch(&self, subscriber: &Dispatch)

Invoked when this subscriber becomes a Dispatch.

impl<H> TrieBackendStorage<H> for Arc<dyn Storage<H>>

where H: Hasher,

fn get( &self, key: &<H as Hasher>::Out, prefix: (&[u8], Option<u8>), ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, String>

Get the value stored at key.

impl<T, A, const N: usize> TryFrom<Arc<[T], A>> for Arc<[T; N], A>

where A: Allocator,

type Error = Arc<[T], A>

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from( boxed_slice: Arc<[T], A>, ) -> Result<Arc<[T; N], A>, <Arc<[T; N], A> as TryFrom<Arc<[T], A>>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl<T, U> TxReceipt<T> for Arc<U>

where U: TxReceipt<T> + ?Sized, Arc<U>: Clone + Debug + PartialEq + Eq + Send + Sync,

fn status_or_post_state(&self) -> Eip658Value

Returns the status or post state of the transaction.

fn status(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the transaction was successful OR if the transaction is pre-EIP-658. Results for transactions before EIP-658 are not reliable.

fn bloom(&self) -> Bloom

Returns the bloom filter for the logs in the receipt. This operation may be expensive.

fn bloom_cheap(&self) -> Option<Bloom>

Returns the bloom filter for the logs in the receipt, if it is cheap to compute.

fn cumulative_gas_used(&self) -> u128

Returns the cumulative gas used in the block after this transaction was executed.

fn logs(&self) -> &[T]

Returns the logs emitted by this transaction.

impl<Signature, T> TxSigner<Signature> for Arc<T>

where T: TxSigner<Signature> + ?Sized,

fn address(&self) -> Address

Get the address of the signer.

fn sign_transaction<'life0, 'life1, 'async_trait>( &'life0 self, tx: &'life1 mut (dyn SignableTransaction<Signature> + 'static), ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Signature, Error>> + Send + 'async_trait>>

where 'life0: 'async_trait, 'life1: 'async_trait, Arc<T>: 'async_trait,

Asynchronously sign an unsigned transaction.

impl<Signature, T> TxSignerSync<Signature> for Arc<T>

where T: TxSignerSync<Signature> + ?Sized,

fn address(&self) -> Address

Get the address of the signer.

fn sign_transaction_sync( &self, tx: &mut (dyn SignableTransaction<Signature> + 'static), ) -> Result<Signature, Error>

Synchronously sign an unsigned transaction.

impl<T> TypeInfo for Arc<T>

where T: TypeInfo + 'static + ?Sized,

type Identity = T

The type identifying for which type info is provided.

fn type_info() -> Type

Returns the static type identifier for Self.

impl<T> Valid for Arc<T>

where T: Valid + Sync + Send,

fn check(&self) -> Result<(), SerializationError>

fn batch_check<'a>( batch: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Arc<T>> + Send, ) -> Result<(), SerializationError>

where Arc<T>: 'a,

impl<T> ValueParserFactory for Arc<T>

where T: ValueParserFactory + Send + Sync + Clone, <T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser: TypedValueParser<Value = T>,

type Parser = MapValueParser<<T as ValueParserFactory>::Parser, fn(_: T) -> Arc<T>>

Generated parser, usually ValueParser.

fn value_parser() -> <Arc<T> as ValueParserFactory>::Parser

Create the specified Self::Parser

impl<T> WasmModuleResources for Arc<T>

where T: WasmModuleResources,

type FuncType = <T as WasmModuleResources>::FuncType

The function type used for validation.

fn table_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<TableType>

Returns the table at given index if any.

fn memory_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<MemoryType>

Returns the linear memory at given index.

fn tag_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&<Arc<T> as WasmModuleResources>::FuncType>

Returns the tag at given index.

fn global_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<GlobalType>

Returns the global variable at given index.

fn func_type_at( &self, type_idx: u32, ) -> Option<&<Arc<T> as WasmModuleResources>::FuncType>

Returns the FuncType associated with the given type index.

fn type_index_of_function(&self, func_idx: u32) -> Option<u32>

Returns the type index associated with the given function index. type_of_function = func_type_at(type_index_of_function)

fn type_of_function( &self, func_idx: u32, ) -> Option<&<Arc<T> as WasmModuleResources>::FuncType>

Returns the FuncType associated with the given function index.

fn check_value_type( &self, t: ValType, features: &WasmFeatures, offset: usize, ) -> Result<(), BinaryReaderError>

Check a value type. This requires using func_type_at to check references

fn element_type_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<RefType>

Returns the element type at the given index.

fn matches(&self, t1: ValType, t2: ValType) -> bool

Under the function references proposal, returns whether t1 <= t2. Otherwise, returns whether t1 == t2

fn element_count(&self) -> u32

Returns the number of elements.

fn data_count(&self) -> Option<u32>

Returns the number of bytes in the Wasm data section.

fn is_function_referenced(&self, idx: u32) -> bool

Returns whether the function index is referenced in the module anywhere outside of the start/function sections.

fn check_heap_type( &self, heap_type: HeapType, features: &WasmFeatures, offset: usize, ) -> Result<(), BinaryReaderError>

Checks that a HeapType is valid, notably its function index if one is used.

impl<T> WrapperTypeDecode for Arc<T>

type Wrapped = T

A wrapped type.

impl Write for Arc<File>

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Writes a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write.

impl<'a, T> Writeable for Arc<T>

where T: Writeable + ?Sized,

fn write_to<W>(&self, sink: &mut W) -> Result<(), Error>

where W: Write + ?Sized,

Writes a string to the given sink. Errors from the sink are bubbled up. The default implementation delegates to write_to_parts, and discards any Part annotations.

fn write_to_parts<W>(&self, sink: &mut W) -> Result<(), Error>

where W: PartsWrite + ?Sized,

Write bytes and Part annotations to the given sink. Errors from the sink are bubbled up. The default implementation delegates to write_to, and doesn’t produce any Part annotations.

fn writeable_length_hint(&self) -> LengthHint

Returns a hint for the number of UTF-8 bytes that will be written to the sink.

fn write_to_string(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>

Creates a new String with the data from this Writeable. Like ToString, but smaller and faster.

fn writeable_cmp_bytes(&self, other: &[u8]) -> Ordering

Compares the contents of this Writeable to the given bytes without allocating a String to hold the Writeable contents.

impl<T> CartablePointerLike for Arc<T>

impl<T> CloneStableDeref for Arc<T>

where T: ?Sized,

impl<T> CloneableCart for Arc<T>

where T: ?Sized,

impl<T> CloneableCartablePointerLike for Arc<T>

impl<T, U, A> CoerceUnsized<Arc<U, A>> for Arc<T, A>

where T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized, A: Allocator, U: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> DerefPure for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, U> DispatchFromDyn<Arc<U>> for Arc<T>

where T: Unsize<U> + ?Sized, U: ?Sized,

impl<T> EncodeLike<T> for Arc<T>

where T: Encode,

impl<T> EncodeLike for Arc<T>

where T: Encode + ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Eq for Arc<T, A>

where T: Eq + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

impl<T, A> PinCoerceUnsized for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Send for Arc<T, A>

where T: Sync + Send + ?Sized, A: Allocator + Send,

impl<T> StableDeref for Arc<T>

where T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> Sync for Arc<T, A>

where T: Sync + Send + ?Sized, A: Allocator + Sync,

impl<T, A> Unpin for Arc<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

impl<T, A> UnwindSafe for Arc<T, A>

where T: RefUnwindSafe + ?Sized, A: Allocator + UnwindSafe,

impl<T> WrapperTypeEncode for Arc<T>

where T: ?Sized,