Struct Vec2 

#[repr(C)]
pub struct Vec2 {
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
}

A 2-dimensional vector.

Fields

x: f32

y: f32

Implementations

impl Vec2

pub const ZERO: Vec2

All zeroes.

pub const ONE: Vec2

All ones.

pub const NEG_ONE: Vec2

All negative ones.

pub const MIN: Vec2

All f32::MIN.

pub const MAX: Vec2

All f32::MAX.

pub const NAN: Vec2

All f32::NAN.

pub const INFINITY: Vec2

All f32::INFINITY.

pub const NEG_INFINITY: Vec2

All f32::NEG_INFINITY.

pub const X: Vec2

A unit vector pointing along the positive X axis.

pub const Y: Vec2

A unit vector pointing along the positive Y axis.

pub const NEG_X: Vec2

A unit vector pointing along the negative X axis.

pub const NEG_Y: Vec2

A unit vector pointing along the negative Y axis.

pub const AXES: [Vec2; 2]

The unit axes.

pub const USES_CORE_SIMD: bool = false

Vec2 uses Rust Portable SIMD

pub const USES_NEON: bool = false

Vec2 uses Arm NEON

pub const USES_SCALAR_MATH: bool = true

Vec2 uses scalar math

pub const USES_SSE2: bool = false

Vec2 uses Intel SSE2

pub const USES_WASM_SIMD: bool = false

Vec2 uses WebAssembly 128-bit SIMD

pub const USES_WASM32_SIMD: bool = false

👎Deprecated since 0.31.0:

Renamed to USES_WASM_SIMD

pub const fn new(x: f32, y: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 5)

const BOUNDS: Vec2 = Vec2::new(1200.0, 640.0);

examples/animation/easing_functions.rs (line 18)

const EXTENT: Vec2 = Vec2::new(1172.0, 520.0);
const PLOT_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::splat(80.0);

fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2d);

    let text_font = TextFont {
        font_size: FontSize::Px(10.0),
        ..default()
    };

    let chunks = [
        // "In" row
        EaseFunction::SineIn,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticIn,
        EaseFunction::CubicIn,
        EaseFunction::QuarticIn,
        EaseFunction::QuinticIn,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStepIn,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStepIn,
        EaseFunction::CircularIn,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialIn,
        EaseFunction::ElasticIn,
        EaseFunction::BackIn,
        EaseFunction::BounceIn,
        // "Out" row
        EaseFunction::SineOut,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticOut,
        EaseFunction::CubicOut,
        EaseFunction::QuarticOut,
        EaseFunction::QuinticOut,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStepOut,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStepOut,
        EaseFunction::CircularOut,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialOut,
        EaseFunction::ElasticOut,
        EaseFunction::BackOut,
        EaseFunction::BounceOut,
        // "InOut" row
        EaseFunction::SineInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticInOut,
        EaseFunction::CubicInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuarticInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuinticInOut,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStep,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStep,
        EaseFunction::CircularInOut,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialInOut,
        EaseFunction::ElasticInOut,
        EaseFunction::BackInOut,
        EaseFunction::BounceInOut,
        // "Other" row
        EaseFunction::Linear,
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::End),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::Start),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::Both),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::None),
        EaseFunction::Elastic(50.0),
    ]
    .chunks(COLS);

    let max_rows = chunks.clone().count();

    let half_extent = EXTENT / 2.;
    let half_size = PLOT_SIZE / 2.;

    for (row, functions) in chunks.enumerate() {
        for (col, function) in functions.iter().enumerate() {
            let color = Hsla::hsl(col as f32 / COLS as f32 * 360.0, 0.8, 0.75).into();
            commands.spawn((
                EaseFunctionPlot(*function, color),
                Transform::from_xyz(
                    -half_extent.x + EXTENT.x / (COLS - 1) as f32 * col as f32,
                    half_extent.y - EXTENT.y / (max_rows - 1) as f32 * row as f32,
                    0.0,
                ),
                children![
                    (
                        Sprite::from_color(color, Vec2::splat(5.0)),
                        Transform::from_xyz(half_size.x + 5.0, -half_size.y, 0.0),
                    ),
                    (
                        Sprite::from_color(color, Vec2::splat(4.0)),
                        Transform::from_xyz(-half_size.x, -half_size.y, 0.0),
                    ),
                    (
                        Text2d(format!("{function:?}")),
                        text_font.clone(),
                        TextColor(color),
                        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, -half_size.y - 15.0, 0.0),
                    )
                ],
            ));
        }
    }
    commands.spawn((
        Text::default(),
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: px(12),
            left: px(12),
            ..default()
        },
    ));
}

fn display_curves(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    ease_functions: Query<(&EaseFunctionPlot, &Transform, &Children)>,
    mut transforms: Query<&mut Transform, Without<EaseFunctionPlot>>,
    mut ui_text: Single<&mut Text>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    let samples = 100;
    let duration = 2.5;
    let time_margin = 0.5;

    let now = ((time.elapsed_secs() % (duration + time_margin * 2.0) - time_margin) / duration)
        .clamp(0.0, 1.0);

    ui_text.0 = format!("Progress: {now:.2}");

    for (EaseFunctionPlot(function, color), transform, children) in &ease_functions {
        let center = transform.translation.xy();
        let half_size = PLOT_SIZE / 2.0;

        // Draw a box around the curve
        gizmos.linestrip_2d(
            [
                center + half_size,
                center + half_size * Vec2::new(-1., 1.),
                center + half_size * Vec2::new(-1., -1.),
                center + half_size * Vec2::new(1., -1.),
                center + half_size,
            ],
            color.darker(0.4),
        );

        // Draw the curve
        let f = EasingCurve::new(0.0, 1.0, *function);
        let drawn_curve = f
            .by_ref()
            .graph()
            .map(|(x, y)| center - half_size + Vec2::new(x, y) * PLOT_SIZE);
        gizmos.curve_2d(
            &drawn_curve,
            drawn_curve.domain().spaced_points(samples).unwrap(),
            *color,
        );

        // Show progress along the curve for the current time
        let y = f.sample(now).unwrap() * PLOT_SIZE.y;
        transforms.get_mut(children[0]).unwrap().translation.y = -half_size.y + y;
        transforms.get_mut(children[1]).unwrap().translation =
            -half_size.extend(0.0) + Vec3::new(now * PLOT_SIZE.x, y, 0.0);

        // Show horizontal bar at y value
        gizmos.linestrip_2d(
            [
                center - half_size + Vec2::Y * y,
                center - half_size + Vec2::new(PLOT_SIZE.x, y),
            ],
            color.darker(0.2),
        );
    }
}

examples/showcase/breakout.rs (line 14)

const PADDLE_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(120.0, 20.0);
const GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR: f32 = 60.0;
const PADDLE_SPEED: f32 = 500.0;
// How close can the paddle get to the wall
const PADDLE_PADDING: f32 = 10.0;

// We set the z-value of the ball to 1 so it renders on top in the case of overlapping sprites.
const BALL_STARTING_POSITION: Vec3 = Vec3::new(0.0, -50.0, 1.0);
const BALL_DIAMETER: f32 = 30.;
const BALL_SPEED: f32 = 400.0;
const INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION: Vec2 = Vec2::new(0.5, -0.5);

const WALL_THICKNESS: f32 = 10.0;
// x coordinates
const LEFT_WALL: f32 = -450.;
const RIGHT_WALL: f32 = 450.;
// y coordinates
const BOTTOM_WALL: f32 = -300.;
const TOP_WALL: f32 = 300.;

const BRICK_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(100., 30.);
// These values are exact
const GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS: f32 = 270.0;
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS: f32 = 5.0;
// These values are lower bounds, as the number of bricks is computed
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING: f32 = 20.0;
const GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES: f32 = 20.0;

const SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE: FontSize = FontSize::Px(33.0);
const SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING: Val = Val::Px(5.0);

const BACKGROUND_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9);
const PADDLE_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.3, 0.3, 0.7);
const BALL_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(1.0, 0.5, 0.5);
const BRICK_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
const WALL_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8);
const TEXT_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
const SCORE_COLOR: Color = Color::srgb(1.0, 0.5, 0.5);

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_plugins(
            stepping::SteppingPlugin::default()
                .add_schedule(Update)
                .at(percent(35), percent(50)),
        )
        .insert_resource(Score(0))
        .insert_resource(ClearColor(BACKGROUND_COLOR))
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        // Add our simulation systems to the update schedule
        // which is called once per frame.
        .add_systems(
            Update,
            (apply_velocity, move_paddle, check_for_collisions)
                // `chain`ing systems together runs them in order
                .chain(),
        )
        .add_systems(Update, update_scoreboard)
        .add_observer(play_collision_sound)
        .run();
}

#[derive(Component)]
struct Paddle;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Ball;

#[derive(Component, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Velocity(Vec2);

#[derive(Event)]
struct BallCollided;

#[derive(Component)]
struct Brick;

#[derive(Resource, Deref)]
struct CollisionSound(Handle<AudioSource>);

// Default must be implemented to define this as a required component for the Wall component below
#[derive(Component, Default)]
struct Collider;

// This is a collection of the components that define a "Wall" in our game
#[derive(Component)]
#[require(Sprite, Transform, Collider)]
struct Wall;

/// Which side of the arena is this wall located on?
enum WallLocation {
    Left,
    Right,
    Bottom,
    Top,
}

impl WallLocation {
    /// Location of the *center* of the wall, used in `transform.translation()`
    fn position(&self) -> Vec2 {
        match self {
            WallLocation::Left => Vec2::new(LEFT_WALL, 0.),
            WallLocation::Right => Vec2::new(RIGHT_WALL, 0.),
            WallLocation::Bottom => Vec2::new(0., BOTTOM_WALL),
            WallLocation::Top => Vec2::new(0., TOP_WALL),
        }
    }

    /// (x, y) dimensions of the wall, used in `transform.scale()`
    fn size(&self) -> Vec2 {
        let arena_height = TOP_WALL - BOTTOM_WALL;
        let arena_width = RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL;
        // Make sure we haven't messed up our constants
        assert!(arena_height > 0.0);
        assert!(arena_width > 0.0);

        match self {
            WallLocation::Left | WallLocation::Right => {
                Vec2::new(WALL_THICKNESS, arena_height + WALL_THICKNESS)
            }
            WallLocation::Bottom | WallLocation::Top => {
                Vec2::new(arena_width + WALL_THICKNESS, WALL_THICKNESS)
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Wall {
    // This "builder method" allows us to reuse logic across our wall entities,
    // making our code easier to read and less prone to bugs when we change the logic
    // Notice the use of Sprite and Transform alongside Wall, overwriting the default values defined for the required components
    fn new(location: WallLocation) -> (Wall, Sprite, Transform) {
        (
            Wall,
            Sprite::from_color(WALL_COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
            Transform {
                // We need to convert our Vec2 into a Vec3, by giving it a z-coordinate
                // This is used to determine the order of our sprites
                translation: location.position().extend(0.0),
                // The z-scale of 2D objects must always be 1.0,
                // or their ordering will be affected in surprising ways.
                // See https://github.com/bevyengine/bevy/issues/4149
                scale: location.size().extend(1.0),
                ..default()
            },
        )
    }
}

// This resource tracks the game's score
#[derive(Resource, Deref, DerefMut)]
struct Score(usize);

#[derive(Component)]
struct ScoreboardUi;

// Add the game's entities to our world
fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    // Camera
    commands.spawn(Camera2d);

    // Sound
    let ball_collision_sound = asset_server.load("sounds/breakout_collision.ogg");
    commands.insert_resource(CollisionSound(ball_collision_sound));

    // Paddle
    let paddle_y = BOTTOM_WALL + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR;

    commands.spawn((
        Sprite::from_color(PADDLE_COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
        Transform {
            translation: Vec3::new(0.0, paddle_y, 0.0),
            scale: PADDLE_SIZE.extend(1.0),
            ..default()
        },
        Paddle,
        Collider,
    ));

    // Ball
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::default())),
        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(BALL_COLOR)),
        Transform::from_translation(BALL_STARTING_POSITION)
            .with_scale(Vec2::splat(BALL_DIAMETER).extend(1.)),
        Ball,
        Velocity(INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION.normalize() * BALL_SPEED),
    ));

    // Scoreboard
    commands.spawn((
        Text::new("Score: "),
        TextFont {
            font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
            ..default()
        },
        TextColor(TEXT_COLOR),
        ScoreboardUi,
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            left: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            ..default()
        },
        children![(
            TextSpan::default(),
            TextFont {
                font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                ..default()
            },
            TextColor(SCORE_COLOR),
        )],
    ));

    // Walls
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Left));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Right));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Bottom));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Top));

    // Bricks
    let total_width_of_bricks = (RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL) - 2. * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES;
    let bottom_edge_of_bricks = paddle_y + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS;
    let total_height_of_bricks = TOP_WALL - bottom_edge_of_bricks - GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING;

    assert!(total_width_of_bricks > 0.0);
    assert!(total_height_of_bricks > 0.0);

    // Given the space available, compute how many rows and columns of bricks we can fit
    let n_columns = (total_width_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_rows = (total_height_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_vertical_gaps = n_columns - 1;

    // Because we need to round the number of columns,
    // the space on the top and sides of the bricks only captures a lower bound, not an exact value
    let center_of_bricks = (LEFT_WALL + RIGHT_WALL) / 2.0;
    let left_edge_of_bricks = center_of_bricks
        // Space taken up by the bricks
        - (n_columns as f32 / 2.0 * BRICK_SIZE.x)
        // Space taken up by the gaps
        - n_vertical_gaps as f32 / 2.0 * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS;

    // In Bevy, the `translation` of an entity describes the center point,
    // not its bottom-left corner
    let offset_x = left_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.x / 2.;
    let offset_y = bottom_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.y / 2.;

    for row in 0..n_rows {
        for column in 0..n_columns {
            let brick_position = Vec2::new(
                offset_x + column as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
                offset_y + row as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
            );

            // brick
            commands.spawn((
                Sprite {
                    color: BRICK_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
                Transform {
                    translation: brick_position.extend(0.0),
                    scale: Vec3::new(BRICK_SIZE.x, BRICK_SIZE.y, 1.0),
                    ..default()
                },
                Brick,
                Collider,
            ));
        }
    }
}

examples/math/render_primitives.rs (line 154)

const RECTANGLE: Rectangle = Rectangle {
    half_size: Vec2::new(SMALL_2D, BIG_2D),
};
const CUBOID: Cuboid = Cuboid {
    half_size: Vec3::new(BIG_3D, SMALL_3D, BIG_3D),
};

const CIRCLE: Circle = Circle { radius: BIG_2D };
const SPHERE: Sphere = Sphere { radius: BIG_3D };

const ELLIPSE: Ellipse = Ellipse {
    half_size: Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
};

const TRIANGLE_2D: Triangle2d = Triangle2d {
    vertices: [
        Vec2::new(BIG_2D, 0.0),
        Vec2::new(0.0, BIG_2D),
        Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, 0.0),
    ],
};

const TRIANGLE_3D: Triangle3d = Triangle3d {
    vertices: [
        Vec3::new(BIG_3D, 0.0, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(0.0, BIG_3D, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(-BIG_3D, 0.0, 0.0),
    ],
};

const PLANE_2D: Plane2d = Plane2d { normal: Dir2::Y };
const PLANE_3D: Plane3d = Plane3d {
    normal: Dir3::Y,
    half_size: Vec2::new(BIG_3D, BIG_3D),
};

const LINE_2D: Line2d = Line2d { direction: Dir2::X };
const LINE_3D: Line3d = Line3d { direction: Dir3::X };

const SEGMENT_2D: Segment2d = Segment2d {
    vertices: [Vec2::new(-BIG_2D / 2., 0.), Vec2::new(BIG_2D / 2., 0.)],
};

const SEGMENT_3D: Segment3d = Segment3d {
    vertices: [
        Vec3::new(-BIG_3D / 2., 0., 0.),
        Vec3::new(BIG_3D / 2., 0., 0.),
    ],
};

const POLYLINE_2D_VERTICES: [Vec2; 4] = [
    Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(-SMALL_2D, SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(SMALL_2D, -SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
];

const POLYLINE_3D_VERTICES: [Vec3; 4] = [
    Vec3::new(-BIG_3D, -SMALL_3D, -SMALL_3D),
    Vec3::new(SMALL_3D, SMALL_3D, 0.0),
    Vec3::new(-SMALL_3D, -SMALL_3D, 0.0),
    Vec3::new(BIG_3D, SMALL_3D, SMALL_3D),
];

const CONVEX_POLYGON_VERTICES: [Vec2; 5] = [
    Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
    Vec2::new(BIG_2D / 2.0, SMALL_2D * 2.0),
    Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
];

const REGULAR_POLYGON: RegularPolygon = RegularPolygon {
    circumcircle: Circle { radius: BIG_2D },
    sides: 5,
};

const CAPSULE_2D: Capsule2d = Capsule2d {
    radius: SMALL_2D,
    half_length: SMALL_2D,
};

const CAPSULE_3D: Capsule3d = Capsule3d {
    radius: SMALL_3D,
    half_length: SMALL_3D,
};

const CYLINDER: Cylinder = Cylinder {
    radius: SMALL_3D,
    half_height: SMALL_3D,
};

const CONE: Cone = Cone {
    radius: BIG_3D,
    height: BIG_3D,
};

const CONICAL_FRUSTUM: ConicalFrustum = ConicalFrustum {
    radius_top: BIG_3D,
    radius_bottom: SMALL_3D,
    height: BIG_3D,
};

const ANNULUS: Annulus = Annulus {
    inner_circle: Circle { radius: SMALL_2D },
    outer_circle: Circle { radius: BIG_2D },
};

const TORUS: Torus = Torus {
    minor_radius: SMALL_3D / 2.0,
    major_radius: SMALL_3D * 1.5,
};

const TETRAHEDRON: Tetrahedron = Tetrahedron {
    vertices: [
        Vec3::new(-BIG_3D, 0.0, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(BIG_3D, 0.0, 0.0),
        Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, -BIG_3D * 1.67),
        Vec3::new(0.0, BIG_3D * 1.67, -BIG_3D * 0.5),
    ],
};

const ARC: Arc2d = Arc2d {
    radius: BIG_2D,
    half_angle: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_4,
};

const CIRCULAR_SECTOR: CircularSector = CircularSector {
    arc: Arc2d {
        radius: BIG_2D,
        half_angle: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_4,
    },
};

const CIRCULAR_SEGMENT: CircularSegment = CircularSegment {
    arc: Arc2d {
        radius: BIG_2D,
        half_angle: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_4,
    },
};

fn setup_cameras(mut commands: Commands) {
    let start_in_2d = true;
    let make_camera = |is_active| Camera {
        is_active,
        ..Default::default()
    };

    commands.spawn((Camera2d, make_camera(start_in_2d)));

    commands.spawn((
        Camera3d::default(),
        make_camera(!start_in_2d),
        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 10.0, 0.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Z),
    ));
}

fn setup_ambient_light(mut ambient_light: ResMut<GlobalAmbientLight>) {
    ambient_light.brightness = 50.0;
}

fn setup_lights(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn((
        PointLight {
            intensity: 5000.0,
            ..default()
        },
        Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_3D, 2.0, 0.0))
            .looking_at(Vec3::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_3D, 0.0, 0.0), Vec3::Y),
    ));
}

/// Marker component for header text
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component, Default, Reflect)]
pub struct HeaderText;

/// Marker component for header node
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Component, Default, Reflect)]
pub struct HeaderNode;

fn update_active_cameras(
    state: Res<State<CameraActive>>,
    camera_2d: Single<(Entity, &mut Camera), With<Camera2d>>,
    camera_3d: Single<(Entity, &mut Camera), (With<Camera3d>, Without<Camera2d>)>,
    mut text: Query<&mut UiTargetCamera, With<HeaderNode>>,
) {
    let (entity_2d, mut cam_2d) = camera_2d.into_inner();
    let (entity_3d, mut cam_3d) = camera_3d.into_inner();
    let is_camera_2d_active = matches!(*state.get(), CameraActive::Dim2);

    cam_2d.is_active = is_camera_2d_active;
    cam_3d.is_active = !is_camera_2d_active;

    let active_camera = if is_camera_2d_active {
        entity_2d
    } else {
        entity_3d
    };

    text.iter_mut().for_each(|mut target_camera| {
        *target_camera = UiTargetCamera(active_camera);
    });
}

fn switch_cameras(current: Res<State<CameraActive>>, mut next: ResMut<NextState<CameraActive>>) {
    let next_state = match current.get() {
        CameraActive::Dim2 => CameraActive::Dim3,
        CameraActive::Dim3 => CameraActive::Dim2,
    };
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn setup_text(mut commands: Commands, cameras: Query<(Entity, &Camera)>) {
    let active_camera = cameras
        .iter()
        .find_map(|(entity, camera)| camera.is_active.then_some(entity))
        .expect("run condition ensures existence");
    commands.spawn((
        HeaderNode,
        Node {
            justify_self: JustifySelf::Center,
            top: px(5),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        UiTargetCamera(active_camera),
        children![(
            Text::default(),
            HeaderText,
            TextLayout::justify(Justify::Center),
            children![
                TextSpan::new("Primitive: "),
                TextSpan(format!("{text}", text = PrimitiveSelected::default())),
                TextSpan::new("\n\n"),
                TextSpan::new(
                    "Press 'C' to switch between 2D and 3D mode\n\
                    Press 'Up' or 'Down' to switch to the next/previous primitive",
                ),
                TextSpan::new("\n\n"),
                TextSpan::new("(If nothing is displayed, there's no rendering support yet)",),
            ]
        )],
    ));
}

fn update_text(
    primitive_state: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    header: Query<Entity, With<HeaderText>>,
    mut writer: TextUiWriter,
) {
    let new_text = format!("{text}", text = primitive_state.get());
    header.iter().for_each(|header_text| {
        if let Some(mut text) = writer.get_text(header_text, 2) {
            (*text).clone_from(&new_text);
        };
    });
}

fn switch_to_next_primitive(
    current: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    mut next: ResMut<NextState<PrimitiveSelected>>,
) {
    let next_state = current.get().next();
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn switch_to_previous_primitive(
    current: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>,
    mut next: ResMut<NextState<PrimitiveSelected>>,
) {
    let next_state = current.get().previous();
    next.set(next_state);
}

fn in_mode(active: CameraActive) -> impl Fn(Res<State<CameraActive>>) -> bool {
    move |state| *state.get() == active
}

fn draw_gizmos_2d(mut gizmos: Gizmos, state: Res<State<PrimitiveSelected>>, time: Res<Time>) {
    const POSITION: Vec2 = Vec2::new(-LEFT_RIGHT_OFFSET_2D, 0.0);
    let angle = time.elapsed_secs();
    let isometry = Isometry2d::new(POSITION, Rot2::radians(angle));
    let color = Color::WHITE;

    #[expect(
        clippy::match_same_arms,
        reason = "Certain primitives don't have any 2D rendering support yet."
    )]
    match state.get() {
        PrimitiveSelected::RectangleAndCuboid => {
            gizmos.primitive_2d(&RECTANGLE, isometry, color);
        }
        PrimitiveSelected::CircleAndSphere => {
            gizmos.primitive_2d(&CIRCLE, isometry, color);
        }
        PrimitiveSelected::Ellipse => drop(gizmos.primitive_2d(&ELLIPSE, isometry, color)),
        PrimitiveSelected::Triangle => gizmos.primitive_2d(&TRIANGLE_2D, isometry, color),
        PrimitiveSelected::Plane => gizmos.primitive_2d(&PLANE_2D, isometry, color),
        PrimitiveSelected::Line => drop(gizmos.primitive_2d(&LINE_2D, isometry, color)),
        PrimitiveSelected::Segment => {
            drop(gizmos.primitive_2d(&SEGMENT_2D, isometry, color));
        }
        PrimitiveSelected::Polyline => gizmos.primitive_2d(
            &Polyline2d {
                vertices: POLYLINE_2D_VERTICES.to_vec(),
            },
            isometry,
            color,
        ),
        PrimitiveSelected::ConvexPolygon => gizmos.primitive_2d(
            &Polygon::from(ConvexPolygon::new(CONVEX_POLYGON_VERTICES).unwrap()),
            isometry,
            color,
        ),
        PrimitiveSelected::Polygon => gizmos.primitive_2d(
            &Polygon {
                vertices: vec![
                    Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
                    Vec2::new(BIG_2D, -SMALL_2D),
                    Vec2::new(BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
                    Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
                    Vec2::new(-BIG_2D, SMALL_2D),
                ],
            },
            isometry,
            color,
        ),
        PrimitiveSelected::RegularPolygon => {
            gizmos.primitive_2d(&REGULAR_POLYGON, isometry, color);
        }
        PrimitiveSelected::Capsule => gizmos.primitive_2d(&CAPSULE_2D, isometry, color),
        PrimitiveSelected::Cylinder => {}
        PrimitiveSelected::Cone => {}
        PrimitiveSelected::ConicalFrustum => {}
        PrimitiveSelected::Torus => drop(gizmos.primitive_2d(&ANNULUS, isometry, color)),
        PrimitiveSelected::Tetrahedron => {}
        PrimitiveSelected::Arc => gizmos.primitive_2d(&ARC, isometry, color),
        PrimitiveSelected::CircularSector => {
            gizmos.primitive_2d(&CIRCULAR_SECTOR, isometry, color);
        }
        PrimitiveSelected::CircularSegment => {
            gizmos.primitive_2d(&CIRCULAR_SEGMENT, isometry, color);
        }
    }
}

examples/animation/color_animation.rs (line 75)

fn spawn_curve_sprite<T: CurveColor>(commands: &mut Commands, y: f32, points: [T; 4]) {
    commands.spawn((
        Sprite::sized(Vec2::new(75., 75.)),
        Transform::from_xyz(0., y, 0.),
        Curve(CubicBezier::new([points]).to_curve().unwrap()),
    ));
}

fn spawn_mixed_sprite<T: MixedColor>(commands: &mut Commands, y: f32, colors: [T; 4]) {
    commands.spawn((
        Transform::from_xyz(0., y, 0.),
        Sprite::sized(Vec2::new(75., 75.)),
        Mixed(colors),
    ));
}

examples/ecs/observers.rs (lines 74-77)

    fn random(rand: &mut ChaCha8Rng) -> Self {
        Mine {
            pos: Vec2::new(
                (rand.random::<f32>() - 0.5) * 1200.0,
                (rand.random::<f32>() - 0.5) * 600.0,
            ),
            size: 4.0 + rand.random::<f32>() * 16.0,
        }
    }

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/math/custom_primitives.rs
• examples/window/window_resizing.rs
• examples/3d/motion_blur.rs
• tests/window/minimizing.rs
• tests/window/resizing.rs
• examples/camera/first_person_view_model.rs
• examples/movement/physics_in_fixed_timestep.rs
• examples/ecs/parallel_query.rs
• examples/ui/scroll_and_overflow/scroll.rs
• examples/asset/asset_saving_with_subassets.rs
• examples/remote/server.rs
• examples/ecs/fallible_params.rs
• examples/gizmos/2d_text_gizmos.rs
• examples/2d/wireframe_2d.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/testbed/2d.rs
• examples/math/bounding_2d.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_text2d.rs
• examples/camera/2d_on_ui.rs
• examples/3d/light_textures.rs
• examples/2d/cpu_draw.rs
• examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs
• examples/testbed/ui.rs
• examples/2d/sprite_slice.rs
• examples/asset/repeated_texture.rs
• examples/2d/mesh2d_repeated_texture.rs
• examples/gizmos/3d_gizmos.rs
• examples/3d/auto_exposure.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs
• examples/ui/scroll_and_overflow/scrollbars.rs
• examples/2d/2d_shapes.rs
• examples/2d/sprite_scale.rs
• examples/2d/text2d.rs
• examples/3d/3d_shapes.rs
• examples/3d/camera_sub_view.rs

pub const fn splat(v: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a vector with all elements set to v.

Examples found in repository

examples/animation/easing_functions.rs (line 19)

const PLOT_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::splat(80.0);

fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2d);

    let text_font = TextFont {
        font_size: FontSize::Px(10.0),
        ..default()
    };

    let chunks = [
        // "In" row
        EaseFunction::SineIn,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticIn,
        EaseFunction::CubicIn,
        EaseFunction::QuarticIn,
        EaseFunction::QuinticIn,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStepIn,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStepIn,
        EaseFunction::CircularIn,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialIn,
        EaseFunction::ElasticIn,
        EaseFunction::BackIn,
        EaseFunction::BounceIn,
        // "Out" row
        EaseFunction::SineOut,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticOut,
        EaseFunction::CubicOut,
        EaseFunction::QuarticOut,
        EaseFunction::QuinticOut,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStepOut,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStepOut,
        EaseFunction::CircularOut,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialOut,
        EaseFunction::ElasticOut,
        EaseFunction::BackOut,
        EaseFunction::BounceOut,
        // "InOut" row
        EaseFunction::SineInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuadraticInOut,
        EaseFunction::CubicInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuarticInOut,
        EaseFunction::QuinticInOut,
        EaseFunction::SmoothStep,
        EaseFunction::SmootherStep,
        EaseFunction::CircularInOut,
        EaseFunction::ExponentialInOut,
        EaseFunction::ElasticInOut,
        EaseFunction::BackInOut,
        EaseFunction::BounceInOut,
        // "Other" row
        EaseFunction::Linear,
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::End),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::Start),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::Both),
        EaseFunction::Steps(4, JumpAt::None),
        EaseFunction::Elastic(50.0),
    ]
    .chunks(COLS);

    let max_rows = chunks.clone().count();

    let half_extent = EXTENT / 2.;
    let half_size = PLOT_SIZE / 2.;

    for (row, functions) in chunks.enumerate() {
        for (col, function) in functions.iter().enumerate() {
            let color = Hsla::hsl(col as f32 / COLS as f32 * 360.0, 0.8, 0.75).into();
            commands.spawn((
                EaseFunctionPlot(*function, color),
                Transform::from_xyz(
                    -half_extent.x + EXTENT.x / (COLS - 1) as f32 * col as f32,
                    half_extent.y - EXTENT.y / (max_rows - 1) as f32 * row as f32,
                    0.0,
                ),
                children![
                    (
                        Sprite::from_color(color, Vec2::splat(5.0)),
                        Transform::from_xyz(half_size.x + 5.0, -half_size.y, 0.0),
                    ),
                    (
                        Sprite::from_color(color, Vec2::splat(4.0)),
                        Transform::from_xyz(-half_size.x, -half_size.y, 0.0),
                    ),
                    (
                        Text2d(format!("{function:?}")),
                        text_font.clone(),
                        TextColor(color),
                        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, -half_size.y - 15.0, 0.0),
                    )
                ],
            ));
        }
    }
    commands.spawn((
        Text::default(),
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: px(12),
            left: px(12),
            ..default()
        },
    ));
}

examples/ecs/delayed_commands.rs (line 19)

const SQUARE_SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::splat(45.0);

examples/2d/sprite_tile.rs (line 47)

fn animate(mut sprites: Query<&mut Sprite>, mut state: ResMut<AnimationState>, time: Res<Time>) {
    if state.current >= state.max || state.current <= state.min {
        state.speed = -state.speed;
    };
    state.current += state.speed * time.delta_secs();
    for mut sprite in &mut sprites {
        sprite.custom_size = Some(Vec2::splat(state.current));
    }
}

examples/3d/mixed_lighting.rs (line 89)

static LIGHTMAPS: [(&str, Rect); 5] = [
    (
        "Plane",
        uv_rect_opengl(Vec2::splat(0.026), Vec2::splat(0.710)),
    ),
    (
        "SheenChair_fabric",
        uv_rect_opengl(vec2(0.7864, 0.02377), vec2(0.1910, 0.1912)),
    ),
    (
        "SheenChair_label",
        uv_rect_opengl(vec2(0.275, -0.016), vec2(0.858, 0.486)),
    ),
    (
        "SheenChair_metal",
        uv_rect_opengl(vec2(0.998, 0.506), vec2(-0.029, -0.067)),
    ),
    (
        "SheenChair_wood",
        uv_rect_opengl(vec2(0.787, 0.257), vec2(0.179, 0.177)),
    ),
];

static SPHERE_UV_RECT: Rect = uv_rect_opengl(vec2(0.788, 0.484), Vec2::splat(0.062));

examples/3d/ssr.rs (line 330)

fn spawn_metallic_base(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    meshes: &mut Assets<Mesh>,
    standard_materials: &mut Assets<StandardMaterial>,
) {
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(meshes.add(Plane3d::new(Vec3::Y, Vec2::splat(1.0)))),
        MeshMaterial3d(standard_materials.add(StandardMaterial {
            base_color: Color::from(bevy::color::palettes::css::DARK_GRAY),
            metallic: 1.0,
            perceptual_roughness: 0.3,
            ..default()
        })),
        Transform::from_scale(Vec3::splat(100.0)),
        MetallicBaseModel,
        Visibility::Hidden,
    ));
}

// Spawns the non-metallic base.
fn spawn_non_metallic_base(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    meshes: &mut Assets<Mesh>,
    standard_materials: &mut Assets<StandardMaterial>,
) {
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(meshes.add(Plane3d::new(Vec3::Y, Vec2::splat(1.0)))),
        MeshMaterial3d(standard_materials.add(StandardMaterial {
            base_color: Color::from(bevy::color::palettes::css::RED),
            metallic: 0.0,
            perceptual_roughness: 0.2,
            ..default()
        })),
        Transform::from_scale(Vec3::splat(100.0)),
        RedPlaneBaseModel,
        Visibility::Hidden,
    ));
}

// Spawns the water plane.
fn spawn_water(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    asset_server: &AssetServer,
    meshes: &mut Assets<Mesh>,
    water_materials: &mut Assets<ExtendedMaterial<StandardMaterial, Water>>,
) {
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(meshes.add(Plane3d::new(Vec3::Y, Vec2::splat(1.0)))),
        MeshMaterial3d(
            water_materials.add(ExtendedMaterial {
                base: StandardMaterial {
                    base_color: BLACK.into(),
                    perceptual_roughness: 0.09,
                    ..default()
                },
                extension: Water {
                    normals: asset_server
                        .load_builder()
                        .with_settings::<ImageLoaderSettings>(|settings| {
                            settings.is_srgb = false;
                            settings.sampler = ImageSampler::Descriptor(ImageSamplerDescriptor {
                                address_mode_u: ImageAddressMode::Repeat,
                                address_mode_v: ImageAddressMode::Repeat,
                                mag_filter: ImageFilterMode::Linear,
                                min_filter: ImageFilterMode::Linear,
                                ..default()
                            });
                        })
                        .load("textures/water_normals.png"),
                    // These water settings are just random values to create some
                    // variety.
                    settings: WaterSettings {
                        octave_vectors: [
                            vec4(0.080, 0.059, 0.073, -0.062),
                            vec4(0.153, 0.138, -0.149, -0.195),
                        ],
                        octave_scales: vec4(1.0, 2.1, 7.9, 14.9) * 5.0,
                        octave_strengths: vec4(0.16, 0.18, 0.093, 0.044),
                    },
                },
            }),
        ),
        Transform::from_scale(Vec3::splat(100.0)),
        WaterModel,
    ));
}

examples/shader_advanced/render_depth_to_texture.rs (line 223)

fn spawn_plane(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    meshes: &mut Assets<Mesh>,
    show_depth_texture_materials: &mut Assets<ShowDepthTextureMaterial>,
    demo_depth_texture: &DemoDepthTexture,
) {
    let plane_handle = meshes.add(Plane3d::new(Vec3::Z, Vec2::splat(2.0)));
    let show_depth_texture_material = show_depth_texture_materials.add(ShowDepthTextureMaterial {
        depth_texture: Some(demo_depth_texture.0.clone()),
    });
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(plane_handle),
        MeshMaterial3d(show_depth_texture_material),
        Transform::from_xyz(10.0, 4.0, 0.0).with_scale(Vec3::splat(2.5)),
    ));
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/gizmos/anchored_text_gizmos.rs
• examples/ecs/parallel_query.rs
• examples/math/bounding_2d.rs
• examples/camera/first_person_view_model.rs
• examples/3d/clustered_decals.rs
• examples/math/custom_primitives.rs
• examples/3d/clustered_decal_maps.rs
• examples/ui/ui_transform.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/audio/spatial_audio_2d.rs
• examples/testbed/2d.rs
• examples/showcase/contributors.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs
• examples/2d/bloom_2d.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_text2d.rs
• examples/camera/free_camera_controller.rs
• examples/3d/atmosphere.rs
• examples/time/virtual_time.rs
• examples/picking/sprite_picking.rs
• examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs
• examples/2d/mesh2d_alpha_mode.rs
• examples/testbed/ui.rs
• examples/2d/sprite_slice.rs
• examples/gizmos/3d_gizmos.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs
• examples/stress_tests/bevymark.rs
• examples/2d/2d_shapes.rs
• examples/showcase/breakout.rs
• examples/showcase/desk_toy.rs
• examples/ui/navigation/directional_navigation.rs
• examples/3d/3d_shapes.rs

pub fn map<F>(self, f: F) -> Vec2

where F: Fn(f32) -> f32,

Returns a vector containing each element of self modified by a mapping function f.

pub fn select(mask: BVec2, if_true: Vec2, if_false: Vec2) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the elements in if_true and if_false, selecting which to use for each element of self.

A true element in the mask uses the corresponding element from if_true, and false uses the element from if_false.

pub const fn from_array(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector from an array.

pub const fn to_array(&self) -> [f32; 2]

Converts self to [x, y]

pub const fn from_slice(slice: &[f32]) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the first 2 values in slice.

Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

pub fn write_to_slice(self, slice: &mut [f32])

Writes the elements of self to the first 2 elements in slice.

Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

pub const fn extend(self, z: f32) -> Vec3

Creates a 3D vector from self and the given z value.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/clustered_decals.rs (line 342)

fn calculate_initial_decal_transform(start: Vec3, looking_at: Vec3, size: Vec2) -> Transform {
    let direction = looking_at - start;
    let center = start + direction * 0.5;
    Transform::from_translation(center)
        .with_scale((size * 0.5).extend(direction.length()))
        .looking_to(direction, Vec3::Y)
}

examples/math/cubic_splines.rs (line 176)

fn draw_curve(curve: Res<Curve>, mut gizmos: Gizmos) {
    let Some(ref curve) = curve.0 else {
        return;
    };
    // Scale resolution with curve length so it doesn't degrade as the length increases.
    let resolution = 100 * curve.segments().len();
    gizmos.linestrip(
        curve.iter_positions(resolution).map(|pt| pt.extend(0.0)),
        Color::srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
    );
}

examples/ecs/fallible_params.rs (line 129)

fn move_targets(mut enemies: Populated<(&mut Transform, &mut Enemy)>, time: Res<Time>) {
    for (mut transform, mut target) in &mut *enemies {
        target.rotation += target.rotation_speed * time.delta_secs();
        transform.rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(target.rotation);
        let offset = transform.right() * target.radius;
        transform.translation = target.origin.extend(0.0) + offset;
    }
}

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 355)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_secs() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 361)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_secs())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/2d/dynamic_mip_generation.rs (line 438)

fn animate_image_scale(
    mut animated_images_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<AnimatedImage>>,
    windows_query: Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    let window_size = windows_query.iter().next().unwrap().size();
    let animated_mesh_size = app_status.animated_mesh_size(window_size);

    for mut animated_image_transform in &mut animated_images_query {
        animated_image_transform.scale =
            animated_mesh_size.extend(1.0) * triangle_wave(time.elapsed_secs(), ANIMATION_PERIOD);
    }
}

/// Evaluates a [triangle wave] with the given wavelength.
///
/// This is used as part of [`animate_image_scale`], to derive the scale from
/// the current elapsed time.
///
/// [triangle wave]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_wave#Definition
fn triangle_wave(time: f32, wavelength: f32) -> f32 {
    2.0 * ops::abs(time / wavelength - ops::floor(time / wavelength + 0.5))
}

/// Adds the top mipmap level of the image to [`MipGenerationJobs`].
///
/// Note that this must run in the render world, not the main world, as
/// [`MipGenerationJobs`] is a resource that exists in the former. Consequently,
/// it must use [`Extract`] to access main world resources.
fn extract_mipmap_source_image(
    mipmap_source_image: Extract<Res<MipmapSourceImage>>,
    app_status: Extract<Res<AppStatus>>,
    mut mip_generation_jobs: ResMut<MipGenerationJobs>,
) {
    if app_status.enable_mip_generation == EnableMipGeneration::On {
        mip_generation_jobs.add(MIP_GENERATION_PHASE_ID, mipmap_source_image.id());
    }
}

/// Updates the widgets at the bottom of the screen to reflect the settings that
/// the user has chosen.
fn update_radio_buttons(
    mut widgets: Query<
        (
            Entity,
            Option<&mut BackgroundColor>,
            Has<Text>,
            &WidgetClickSender<AppSetting>,
        ),
        Or<(With<RadioButton>, With<RadioButtonText>)>,
    >,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
    mut writer: TextUiWriter,
) {
    for (entity, image, has_text, sender) in widgets.iter_mut() {
        let selected = match **sender {
            AppSetting::RegenerateTopMipLevel => continue,
            AppSetting::EnableMipGeneration(enable_mip_generation) => {
                enable_mip_generation == app_status.enable_mip_generation
            }
            AppSetting::ImageWidth(image_width) => image_width == app_status.image_width,
            AppSetting::ImageHeight(image_height) => image_height == app_status.image_height,
        };

        if let Some(mut bg_color) = image {
            widgets::update_ui_radio_button(&mut bg_color, selected);
        }
        if has_text {
            widgets::update_ui_radio_button_text(entity, &mut writer, selected);
        }
    }
}

/// Handles a request from the user to change application settings via the UI.
///
/// This also handles clicks on the "Regenerate Top Mip Level" button.
fn handle_app_setting_change(
    mut events: MessageReader<WidgetClickEvent<AppSetting>>,
    mut app_status: ResMut<AppStatus>,
    mut regenerate_image_message_writer: MessageWriter<RegenerateImage>,
) {
    for event in events.read() {
        // If this is a setting, update the setting. Fall through if, in
        // addition to updating the setting, we need to regenerate the image.
        match **event {
            AppSetting::EnableMipGeneration(enable_mip_generation) => {
                app_status.enable_mip_generation = enable_mip_generation;
                continue;
            }

            AppSetting::RegenerateTopMipLevel => {}
            AppSetting::ImageWidth(image_size) => app_status.image_width = image_size,
            AppSetting::ImageHeight(image_size) => app_status.image_height = image_size,
        }

        // Schedule the image to be regenerated.
        regenerate_image_message_writer.write(RegenerateImage);
    }
}

/// Handles resize events for the window.
///
/// Resizing the window invalidates the image and repositions all image views.
/// (Regenerating the image isn't strictly necessary, but it's simplest to have
/// a single function that both regenerates the image and recreates the image
/// views.)
fn handle_window_resize_events(
    mut events: MessageReader<WindowResized>,
    mut regenerate_image_message_writer: MessageWriter<RegenerateImage>,
) {
    for _ in events.read() {
        regenerate_image_message_writer.write(RegenerateImage);
    }
}

/// Recreates the image, as well as all views that show the image, when a
/// [`RegenerateImage`] message is received.
///
/// The views that show the image consist of the animated mesh on the left side
/// of the window and the column of mipmap level views on the right side of the
/// window.
fn regenerate_image_when_requested(
    mut commands: Commands,
    image_views_query: Query<Entity, With<ImageView>>,
    windows_query: Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    app_assets: Res<AppAssets>,
    mut app_status: ResMut<AppStatus>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
    mut single_mip_level_materials: ResMut<Assets<SingleMipLevelMaterial>>,
    mut color_materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    mut message_reader: MessageReader<RegenerateImage>,
) {
    // Only do this at most once per frame, or else the despawn logic below will
    // get confused.
    if message_reader.read().count() == 0 {
        return;
    }

    // Despawn all entities that show the image.
    for entity in image_views_query.iter() {
        commands.entity(entity).despawn();
    }

    // Regenerate the image.
    let image_handle = app_status.regenerate_mipmap_source_image(&mut commands, &mut images);

    // Respawn the animated image view on the left side of the window.
    spawn_animated_mesh(
        &mut commands,
        &app_status,
        &app_assets,
        &windows_query,
        &mut color_materials,
        &image_handle,
    );

    // Respawn the column of mip level views on the right side of the window.
    spawn_mip_level_views(
        &mut commands,
        &app_status,
        &app_assets,
        &windows_query,
        &mut single_mip_level_materials,
        &image_handle,
    );
}

/// Spawns the image on the left that continually changes scale.
///
/// Continually changing scale effectively cycles though each mip level,
/// demonstrating the difference between mip level images being present and mip
/// level image being absent.
fn spawn_animated_mesh(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    app_status: &AppStatus,
    app_assets: &AppAssets,
    windows_query: &Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    color_materials: &mut Assets<ColorMaterial>,
    image_handle: &Handle<Image>,
) {
    let window_size = windows_query.iter().next().unwrap().size();
    let animated_mesh_area_size = app_status.animated_mesh_area_size(window_size);
    let animated_mesh_size = app_status.animated_mesh_size(window_size);

    commands.spawn((
        Mesh2d(app_assets.rectangle.clone()),
        MeshMaterial2d(color_materials.add(ColorMaterial {
            texture: Some(image_handle.clone()),
            ..default()
        })),
        Transform::from_translation(
            (animated_mesh_area_size * 0.5 - window_size * 0.5).extend(0.0),
        )
        .with_scale(animated_mesh_size.extend(1.0)),
        AnimatedImage,
        ImageView,
    ));
}

/// Creates the column on the right side of the window that displays each mip
/// level by itself.
fn spawn_mip_level_views(
    commands: &mut Commands,
    app_status: &AppStatus,
    app_assets: &AppAssets,
    windows_query: &Query<&Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    single_mip_level_materials: &mut Assets<SingleMipLevelMaterial>,
    image_handle: &Handle<Image>,
) {
    let window_size = windows_query.iter().next().unwrap().size();

    // Calculate the placement of the column of mipmap levels.
    let max_slice_size = app_status.max_mip_slice_size(window_size);
    let y_origin = app_status.vertical_mip_slice_origin(window_size);
    let y_spacing = app_status.vertical_mip_slice_spacing(window_size);
    let x_origin = app_status.horizontal_mip_slice_origin(window_size);

    for (mip_level, mip_size) in MipmapSizeIterator::new(app_status).enumerate() {
        let y_center = y_origin - y_spacing * mip_level as f32;

        // Size each image to fit its container, preserving aspect ratio.
        let mut slice_size = mip_size.as_vec2();
        let ratios = max_slice_size / slice_size;
        let slice_scale = ratios.x.min(ratios.y).min(1.0);
        slice_size *= slice_scale;

        // Spawn the image. Use the `SingleMipLevelMaterial` with its custom
        // shader so that only the mip level in question is displayed.
        commands.spawn((
            Mesh2d(app_assets.rectangle.clone()),
            MeshMaterial2d(single_mip_level_materials.add(SingleMipLevelMaterial {
                mip_level: mip_level as u32,
                texture: image_handle.clone(),
            })),
            Transform::from_xyz(x_origin, y_center, 0.0).with_scale(slice_size.extend(1.0)),
            ImageView,
        ));

        // Display a label to the side.
        commands.spawn((
            Text2d::new(format!(
                "Level {}\n{}×{}",
                mip_level, mip_size.x, mip_size.y
            )),
            app_assets.text_font.clone(),
            TextLayout::justify(Justify::Center),
            Text2dShadow::default(),
            Transform::from_xyz(x_origin - max_slice_size.x * 0.5 - 64.0, y_center, 0.0),
            ImageView,
        ));
    }
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/stress_tests/many_gizmos.rs
• examples/showcase/breakout.rs
• examples/ecs/parallel_query.rs
• examples/camera/2d_top_down_camera.rs
• examples/2d/rotation.rs
• examples/2d/2d_viewport_to_world.rs
• examples/asset/asset_saving_with_subassets.rs
• examples/asset/asset_saving.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/testbed/2d.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprites.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_animated_sprite_meshes.rs
• examples/stress_tests/many_text2d.rs
• examples/animation/easing_functions.rs
• examples/3d/light_textures.rs
• examples/time/virtual_time.rs
• examples/gizmos/3d_gizmos.rs
• examples/showcase/desk_toy.rs
• examples/2d/text2d.rs

pub fn with_x(self, x: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a 2D vector from self with the given value of x.

pub fn with_y(self, y: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a 2D vector from self with the given value of y.

pub fn dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the dot product of self and rhs.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 211)

fn rotate_to_player_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&RotateToPlayer, &mut Transform), Without<Player>>,
    player_transform: Single<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    // Get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for (config, mut enemy_transform) in &mut query {
        // Get the enemy ship forward vector in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_forward = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::Y).xy();

        // Get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // Get the dot product between the enemy forward vector and the direction to the player.
        let forward_dot_player = enemy_forward.dot(to_player);

        // If the dot product is approximately 1.0 then the enemy is already facing the player and
        // we can early out.
        if (forward_dot_player - 1.0).abs() < f32::EPSILON {
            continue;
        }

        // Get the right vector of the enemy ship in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_right = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::X).xy();

        // Get the dot product of the enemy right vector and the direction to the player ship.
        // If the dot product is negative them we need to rotate counter clockwise, if it is
        // positive we need to rotate clockwise. Note that `copysign` will still return 1.0 if the
        // dot product is 0.0 (because the player is directly behind the enemy, so perpendicular
        // with the right vector).
        let right_dot_player = enemy_right.dot(to_player);

        // Determine the sign of rotation from the right dot player. We need to negate the sign
        // here as the 2D bevy co-ordinate system rotates around +Z, which is pointing out of the
        // screen. Due to the right hand rule, positive rotation around +Z is counter clockwise and
        // negative is clockwise.
        let rotation_sign = -f32::copysign(1.0, right_dot_player);

        // Limit rotation so we don't overshoot the target. We need to convert our dot product to
        // an angle here so we can get an angle of rotation to clamp against.
        let max_angle = ops::acos(forward_dot_player.clamp(-1.0, 1.0)); // Clamp acos for safety

        // Calculate angle of rotation with limit
        let rotation_angle =
            rotation_sign * (config.rotation_speed * time.delta_secs()).min(max_angle);

        // Rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotate_z(rotation_angle);
    }
}

pub fn dot_into_vec(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector where every component is the dot product of self and rhs.

pub fn min(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the minimum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [min(x, rhs.x), min(self.y, rhs.y), ..].

NaN propogation does not follow IEEE 754-2008 semantics for minNum and may differ on different SIMD architectures.

Examples found in repository

examples/math/custom_primitives.rs (line 449)

    fn aabb_2d(&self, isometry: impl Into<Isometry2d>) -> Aabb2d {
        let isometry = isometry.into();

        // The center of the circle at the center of the right wing of the heart
        let circle_center = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(self.radius, 0.0);
        // The maximum X and Y positions of the two circles of the wings of the heart.
        let max_circle = circle_center.abs() + Vec2::splat(self.radius);
        // Since the two circles of the heart are mirrored around the origin, the minimum position is the negative of the maximum.
        let min_circle = -max_circle;

        // The position of the tip at the bottom of the heart
        let tip_position = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(0.0, -self.radius * (1. + SQRT_2));

        Aabb2d {
            min: isometry.translation + min_circle.min(tip_position),
            max: isometry.translation + max_circle.max(tip_position),
        }
    }

pub fn max(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the maximum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [max(self.x, rhs.x), max(self.y, rhs.y), ..].

NaN propogation does not follow IEEE 754-2008 semantics for maxNum and may differ on different SIMD architectures.

Examples found in repository

examples/math/custom_primitives.rs (line 450)

    fn aabb_2d(&self, isometry: impl Into<Isometry2d>) -> Aabb2d {
        let isometry = isometry.into();

        // The center of the circle at the center of the right wing of the heart
        let circle_center = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(self.radius, 0.0);
        // The maximum X and Y positions of the two circles of the wings of the heart.
        let max_circle = circle_center.abs() + Vec2::splat(self.radius);
        // Since the two circles of the heart are mirrored around the origin, the minimum position is the negative of the maximum.
        let min_circle = -max_circle;

        // The position of the tip at the bottom of the heart
        let tip_position = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(0.0, -self.radius * (1. + SQRT_2));

        Aabb2d {
            min: isometry.translation + min_circle.min(tip_position),
            max: isometry.translation + max_circle.max(tip_position),
        }
    }

examples/ui/scroll_and_overflow/drag_to_scroll.rs (line 49)

fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
    let w = 60;
    let h = 40;

    commands.spawn(Camera2d);
    commands.insert_resource(UiScale(0.5));

    commands
        .spawn((
            Node {
                width: percent(100),
                height: percent(100),
                overflow: Overflow::scroll(),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            ScrollPosition(Vec2::ZERO),
            ScrollableNode,
            ScrollStart(Vec2::ZERO),
        ))
        .observe(
            |drag: On<Pointer<Drag>>,
             ui_scale: Res<UiScale>,
             mut scroll_position_query: Query<
                (&mut ScrollPosition, &ScrollStart),
                With<ScrollableNode>,
            >| {
                if let Ok((mut scroll_position, start)) = scroll_position_query.single_mut() {
                    scroll_position.0 = (start.0 - drag.distance / ui_scale.0).max(Vec2::ZERO);
                }
            },
        )
        .observe(
            |_: On<Pointer<DragStart>>,
             mut scroll_position_query: Query<
                (&ComputedNode, &mut ScrollStart),
                With<ScrollableNode>,
            >| {
                if let Ok((computed_node, mut start)) = scroll_position_query.single_mut() {
                    start.0 = computed_node.scroll_position * computed_node.inverse_scale_factor;
                }
            },
        )
        .with_children(|commands| {
            commands
                .spawn((
                    Node {
                        display: Display::Grid,
                        grid_template_rows: RepeatedGridTrack::px(w as i32, 100.),
                        grid_template_columns: RepeatedGridTrack::px(h as i32, 100.),
                        ..default()
                    },
                    Pickable {
                        is_hoverable: false,
                        should_block_lower: true,
                    }
                ))
                .with_children(|commands| {
                    for y in 0..h {
                        for x in 0..w {
                            let tile_color = if (x + y) % 2 == 1 {
                                let hue = ((x as f32 / w as f32) * 270.0)
                                    + ((y as f32 / h as f32) * 90.0);
                                Color::hsl(hue, 1., 0.5)
                            } else {
                                Color::BLACK
                            };
                            commands.spawn((
                                Node {
                                    grid_row: GridPlacement::start(y + 1),
                                    grid_column: GridPlacement::start(x + 1),
                                    ..default()
                                },
                                Pickable {
                                    should_block_lower: false,
                                    is_hoverable: true,
                                },
                                TileColor(tile_color),
                                BackgroundColor(tile_color),
                            ))
                            .observe(|over: On<Pointer<Over>>, mut query: Query<&mut BackgroundColor>,| {
                                if let Ok(mut background_color) = query.get_mut(over.entity) {
                                    background_color.0 = RED.into();
                                }
                            })
                            .observe(|out: On<Pointer<Out>>, mut query: Query<(&mut BackgroundColor, &TileColor)>| {
                                if let Ok((mut background_color, tile_color)) = query.get_mut(out.entity) {
                                    background_color.0 = tile_color.0;
                                }
                            });
                        }
                    }
                });
        });
}

pub fn clamp(self, min: Vec2, max: Vec2) -> Vec2

Component-wise clamping of values, similar to f32::clamp.

Each element in min must be less-or-equal to the corresponding element in max.

NaN propogation does not follow IEEE 754-2008 semantics and may differ on different SIMD architectures.

Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max when glam_assert is enabled.

Examples found in repository

examples/ui/ui_transform.rs (line 59)

fn button_system(
    mut interaction_query: Query<
        (
            &Interaction,
            &mut BackgroundColor,
            Option<&RotateButton>,
            Option<&ScaleButton>,
        ),
        (Changed<Interaction>, With<Button>),
    >,
    mut rotator_query: Query<&mut UiTransform, With<TargetNode>>,
) {
    for (interaction, mut color, maybe_rotate, maybe_scale) in &mut interaction_query {
        match *interaction {
            Interaction::Pressed => {
                *color = PRESSED_BUTTON.into();
                if let Some(step) = maybe_rotate {
                    for mut transform in rotator_query.iter_mut() {
                        transform.rotation *= step.0;
                    }
                }
                if let Some(step) = maybe_scale {
                    for mut transform in rotator_query.iter_mut() {
                        transform.scale += step.0;
                        transform.scale =
                            transform.scale.clamp(Vec2::splat(0.25), Vec2::splat(3.0));
                    }
                }
            }
            Interaction::Hovered => {
                *color = HOVERED_BUTTON.into();
            }
            Interaction::None => {
                *color = NORMAL_BUTTON.into();
            }
        }
    }
}

pub fn min_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal minimum of self.

In other words this computes min(x, y, ..).

NaN propogation does not follow IEEE 754-2008 semantics and may differ on different SIMD architectures.

pub fn max_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal maximum of self.

In other words this computes max(x, y, ..).

NaN propogation does not follow IEEE 754-2008 semantics and may differ on different SIMD architectures.

pub fn min_position(self) -> usize

Returns the index of the first minimum element of self.

pub fn max_position(self) -> usize

Returns the index of the first maximum element of self.

pub fn element_sum(self) -> f32

Returns the sum of all elements of self.

In other words, this computes self.x + self.y + ...

pub fn element_product(self) -> f32

Returns the product of all elements of self.

In other words, this computes self.x * self.y * ...

pub fn cmpeq(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a == comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words, this computes [self.x == rhs.x, self.y == rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpne(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a != comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x != rhs.x, self.y != rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpge(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a >= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x >= rhs.x, self.y >= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmpgt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a > comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x > rhs.x, self.y > rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmple(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a <= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x <= rhs.x, self.y <= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn cmplt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a < comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x < rhs.x, self.y < rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

pub fn abs(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the absolute value of each element of self.

Examples found in repository

examples/math/custom_primitives.rs (line 441)

    fn aabb_2d(&self, isometry: impl Into<Isometry2d>) -> Aabb2d {
        let isometry = isometry.into();

        // The center of the circle at the center of the right wing of the heart
        let circle_center = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(self.radius, 0.0);
        // The maximum X and Y positions of the two circles of the wings of the heart.
        let max_circle = circle_center.abs() + Vec2::splat(self.radius);
        // Since the two circles of the heart are mirrored around the origin, the minimum position is the negative of the maximum.
        let min_circle = -max_circle;

        // The position of the tip at the bottom of the heart
        let tip_position = isometry.rotation * Vec2::new(0.0, -self.radius * (1. + SQRT_2));

        Aabb2d {
            min: isometry.translation + min_circle.min(tip_position),
            max: isometry.translation + max_circle.max(tip_position),
        }
    }

pub fn signum(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with elements representing the sign of self.

• 1.0 if the number is positive, +0.0 or INFINITY
• -1.0 if the number is negative, -0.0 or NEG_INFINITY
• NAN if the number is NAN

pub fn copysign(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with signs of rhs and the magnitudes of self.

pub fn is_negative_bitmask(self) -> u32

Returns a bitmask with the lowest 2 bits set to the sign bits from the elements of self.

A negative element results in a 1 bit and a positive element in a 0 bit. Element x goes into the first lowest bit, element y into the second, etc.

An element is negative if it has a negative sign, including -0.0, NaNs with negative sign bit and negative infinity.

pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Returns true if, and only if, all elements are finite. If any element is either NaN, positive or negative infinity, this will return false.

pub fn is_finite_mask(self) -> BVec2

Performs is_finite on each element of self, returning a vector mask of the results.

In other words, this computes [x.is_finite(), y.is_finite(), ...].

pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

Returns true if any elements are NaN.

pub fn is_nan_mask(self) -> BVec2

Performs is_nan on each element of self, returning a vector mask of the results.

In other words, this computes [x.is_nan(), y.is_nan(), ...].

pub fn length(self) -> f32

Computes the length of self.

Examples found in repository

examples/showcase/desk_toy.rs (line 260)

fn start_drag(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    bevy_logo_transform: Single<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the offset from the cursor to the Bevy logo sprite
    let drag_offset = bevy_logo_transform.translation.truncate() - cursor_world_pos;

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius start the drag operation and remember the offset of the cursor from the origin
    if drag_offset.length() < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS {
        commands.insert_resource(DragOperation(drag_offset));
    }
}

/// Stop the current drag operation
fn end_drag(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.remove_resource::<DragOperation>();
}

/// Drag the Bevy logo
fn drag(
    drag_offset: Res<DragOperation>,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut bevy_transform: Single<&mut Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
    mut q_pupils: Query<&mut Pupil>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Calculate the new translation of the Bevy logo based on cursor and drag offset
    let new_translation = cursor_world_pos + drag_offset.0;

    // Calculate how fast we are dragging the Bevy logo (unit/second)
    let drag_velocity =
        (new_translation - bevy_transform.translation.truncate()) / time.delta_secs();

    // Update the translation of Bevy logo transform to new translation
    bevy_transform.translation = new_translation.extend(bevy_transform.translation.z);

    // Add the cursor drag velocity in the opposite direction to each pupil.
    // Remember pupils are using local coordinates to move. So when the Bevy logo moves right they need to move left to
    // simulate inertia, otherwise they will move fixed to the parent.
    for mut pupil in &mut q_pupils {
        pupil.velocity -= drag_velocity;
    }
}

/// Quit when the user right clicks the Bevy logo
fn quit(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    mut app_exit: MessageWriter<AppExit>,
    bevy_logo_transform: Single<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius send the [`AppExit`] event to quit the app
    if bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS
    {
        app_exit.write(AppExit::Success);
    }
}

/// Enable transparency for the window and make it on top
fn toggle_transparency(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut window_transparency: ResMut<WindowTransparency>,
    mut q_instructions_text: Query<&mut Visibility, With<InstructionsText>>,
    mut primary_window: Single<&mut Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>,
) {
    // Toggle the window transparency resource
    window_transparency.0 = !window_transparency.0;

    // Show or hide the instructions text
    for mut visibility in &mut q_instructions_text {
        *visibility = if window_transparency.0 {
            Visibility::Hidden
        } else {
            Visibility::Visible
        };
    }

    // Remove the primary window's decorations (e.g. borders), make it always on top of other desktop windows, and set the clear color to transparent
    // only if window transparency is enabled
    let clear_color;
    (
        primary_window.decorations,
        primary_window.window_level,
        clear_color,
    ) = if window_transparency.0 {
        (false, WindowLevel::AlwaysOnTop, Color::NONE)
    } else {
        (true, WindowLevel::Normal, WINDOW_CLEAR_COLOR)
    };

    // Set the clear color
    commands.insert_resource(ClearColor(clear_color));
}

/// Move the pupils and bounce them around
fn move_pupils(time: Res<Time>, mut q_pupils: Query<(&mut Pupil, &mut Transform)>) {
    for (mut pupil, mut transform) in &mut q_pupils {
        // The wiggle radius is how much the pupil can move within the eye
        let wiggle_radius = pupil.eye_radius - pupil.pupil_radius;
        // Store the Z component
        let z = transform.translation.z;
        // Truncate the Z component to make the calculations be on [`Vec2`]
        let mut translation = transform.translation.truncate();
        // Decay the pupil velocity
        pupil.velocity *= ops::powf(0.04f32, time.delta_secs());
        // Move the pupil
        translation += pupil.velocity * time.delta_secs();
        // If the pupil hit the outside border of the eye, limit the translation to be within the wiggle radius and invert the velocity.
        // This is not physically accurate but it's good enough for the googly eyes effect.
        if translation.length() > wiggle_radius {
            translation = translation.normalize() * wiggle_radius;
            // Invert and decrease the velocity of the pupil when it bounces
            pupil.velocity *= -0.75;
        }
        // Update the entity transform with the new translation after reading the Z component
        transform.translation = translation.extend(z);
    }
}

examples/3d/light_probe_blending.rs (line 523)

fn handle_camera_mode_change(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cameras_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Camera3d>>,
    sphere_query: Query<&Transform, (With<ReflectiveSphere>, Without<Camera3d>)>,
    mut help_text_query: Query<&mut Text, With<HelpText>>,
    mut windows_query: Query<&mut CursorOptions>,
    mut app_status: ResMut<AppStatus>,
    mut messages: MessageReader<WidgetClickEvent<CameraMode>>,
) {
    let Some(sphere_transform) = sphere_query.iter().next() else {
        return;
    };

    let mut any_changes = false;
    for message in messages.read() {
        app_status.camera_mode = **message;

        match **message {
            CameraMode::Orbit => {
                for (camera_entity, camera_transform) in &cameras_query {
                    // Convert from Cartesian coordinates back to spherical
                    // coordinates.
                    let relative_camera_position =
                        camera_transform.translation - sphere_transform.translation;
                    let radius = relative_camera_position.length();
                    let inclination = atan2(
                        relative_camera_position.xz().length() / radius,
                        relative_camera_position.y / radius,
                    );
                    let azimuth = atan2(
                        relative_camera_position.z * relative_camera_position.xz().length_recip(),
                        relative_camera_position.x * relative_camera_position.xz().length_recip(),
                    );

                    commands
                        .entity(camera_entity)
                        .remove::<FreeCamera>()
                        .insert(OrbitCamera {
                            radius,
                            inclination,
                            azimuth,
                        });
                }
            }

            CameraMode::Free => {
                for (camera_entity, _) in &cameras_query {
                    commands
                        .entity(camera_entity)
                        .remove::<OrbitCamera>()
                        .insert(FreeCamera::default());
                }
            }
        }

        any_changes = true;
    }

    if any_changes {
        set_help_text(&app_status, &mut help_text_query);

        // Reset the cursor grab mode, because the free camera controller may
        // have enabled it, and we don't want the cursor to disappear.
        for mut cursor_options in &mut windows_query {
            cursor_options.grab_mode = CursorGrabMode::None;
            cursor_options.visible = true;
        }
    }
}

pub fn length_squared(self) -> f32

Computes the squared length of self.

This is faster than length() as it avoids a square root operation.

pub fn length_recip(self) -> f32

Computes 1.0 / length().

For valid results, self must not be of length zero.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/clustered_decals.rs (line 407)

fn process_move_input(
    mut selections: Query<(&mut Transform, &Selection)>,
    mouse_buttons: Res<ButtonInput<MouseButton>>,
    mouse_motion: Res<AccumulatedMouseMotion>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    // Only process drags when movement is selected.
    if !mouse_buttons.pressed(MouseButton::Left) || app_status.drag_mode != DragMode::Move {
        return;
    }

    for (mut transform, selection) in &mut selections {
        if app_status.selection != *selection {
            continue;
        }

        let position = transform.translation;

        // Convert to spherical coordinates.
        let radius = position.length();
        let mut theta = acos(position.y / radius);
        let mut phi = position.z.signum() * acos(position.x * position.xz().length_recip());

        // Camera movement is the inverse of object movement.
        let (phi_factor, theta_factor) = match *selection {
            Selection::Camera => (1.0, -1.0),
            Selection::DecalA | Selection::DecalB => (-1.0, 1.0),
        };

        // Adjust the spherical coordinates. Clamp the inclination to (0, π).
        phi += phi_factor * mouse_motion.delta.x * MOVE_SPEED;
        theta = f32::clamp(
            theta + theta_factor * mouse_motion.delta.y * MOVE_SPEED,
            0.001,
            PI - 0.001,
        );

        // Convert spherical coordinates back to Cartesian coordinates.
        transform.translation =
            radius * vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), cos(theta), sin(theta) * sin(phi));

        // Look at the center, but preserve the previous roll angle.
        let roll = transform.rotation.to_euler(EulerRot::YXZ).2;
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
        let (yaw, pitch, _) = transform.rotation.to_euler(EulerRot::YXZ);
        transform.rotation = Quat::from_euler(EulerRot::YXZ, yaw, pitch, roll);
    }
}

examples/3d/light_textures.rs (line 489)

fn process_move_input(
    mut selections: Query<(&mut Transform, &Selection)>,
    mouse_buttons: Res<ButtonInput<MouseButton>>,
    mouse_motion: Res<AccumulatedMouseMotion>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    // Only process drags when movement is selected.
    if !mouse_buttons.pressed(MouseButton::Left) || app_status.drag_mode != DragMode::Move {
        return;
    }

    for (mut transform, selection) in &mut selections {
        if app_status.selection != *selection {
            continue;
        }

        // use simple movement for the point light
        if *selection == Selection::PointLight {
            transform.translation +=
                (mouse_motion.delta * Vec2::new(1.0, -1.0) * MOVE_SPEED).extend(0.0);
            return;
        }

        let position = transform.translation;

        // Convert to spherical coordinates.
        let radius = position.length();
        let mut theta = acos(position.y / radius);
        let mut phi = position.z.signum() * acos(position.x * position.xz().length_recip());

        // Camera movement is the inverse of object movement.
        let (phi_factor, theta_factor) = match *selection {
            Selection::Camera => (1.0, -1.0),
            _ => (-1.0, 1.0),
        };

        // Adjust the spherical coordinates. Clamp the inclination to (0, π).
        phi += phi_factor * mouse_motion.delta.x * MOVE_SPEED;
        theta = f32::clamp(
            theta + theta_factor * mouse_motion.delta.y * MOVE_SPEED,
            0.001,
            PI - 0.001,
        );

        // Convert spherical coordinates back to Cartesian coordinates.
        transform.translation =
            radius * vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), cos(theta), sin(theta) * sin(phi));

        // Look at the center, but preserve the previous roll angle.
        let roll = transform.rotation.to_euler(EulerRot::YXZ).2;
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
        let (yaw, pitch, _) = transform.rotation.to_euler(EulerRot::YXZ);
        transform.rotation = Quat::from_euler(EulerRot::YXZ, yaw, pitch, roll);
    }
}

examples/3d/light_probe_blending.rs (line 527)

fn handle_camera_mode_change(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cameras_query: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<Camera3d>>,
    sphere_query: Query<&Transform, (With<ReflectiveSphere>, Without<Camera3d>)>,
    mut help_text_query: Query<&mut Text, With<HelpText>>,
    mut windows_query: Query<&mut CursorOptions>,
    mut app_status: ResMut<AppStatus>,
    mut messages: MessageReader<WidgetClickEvent<CameraMode>>,
) {
    let Some(sphere_transform) = sphere_query.iter().next() else {
        return;
    };

    let mut any_changes = false;
    for message in messages.read() {
        app_status.camera_mode = **message;

        match **message {
            CameraMode::Orbit => {
                for (camera_entity, camera_transform) in &cameras_query {
                    // Convert from Cartesian coordinates back to spherical
                    // coordinates.
                    let relative_camera_position =
                        camera_transform.translation - sphere_transform.translation;
                    let radius = relative_camera_position.length();
                    let inclination = atan2(
                        relative_camera_position.xz().length() / radius,
                        relative_camera_position.y / radius,
                    );
                    let azimuth = atan2(
                        relative_camera_position.z * relative_camera_position.xz().length_recip(),
                        relative_camera_position.x * relative_camera_position.xz().length_recip(),
                    );

                    commands
                        .entity(camera_entity)
                        .remove::<FreeCamera>()
                        .insert(OrbitCamera {
                            radius,
                            inclination,
                            azimuth,
                        });
                }
            }

            CameraMode::Free => {
                for (camera_entity, _) in &cameras_query {
                    commands
                        .entity(camera_entity)
                        .remove::<OrbitCamera>()
                        .insert(FreeCamera::default());
                }
            }
        }

        any_changes = true;
    }

    if any_changes {
        set_help_text(&app_status, &mut help_text_query);

        // Reset the cursor grab mode, because the free camera controller may
        // have enabled it, and we don't want the cursor to disappear.
        for mut cursor_options in &mut windows_query {
            cursor_options.grab_mode = CursorGrabMode::None;
            cursor_options.visible = true;
        }
    }
}

pub fn distance(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the Euclidean distance between two points in space.

Examples found in repository

examples/showcase/desk_toy.rs (line 241)

fn update_cursor_hit_test(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    primary_window: Single<(&Window, &mut CursorOptions), With<PrimaryWindow>>,
    bevy_logo_transform: Single<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    let (window, mut cursor_options) = primary_window.into_inner();
    // If the window has decorations (e.g. a border) then it should be clickable
    if window.decorations {
        cursor_options.hit_test = true;
        return;
    }

    // If the cursor is not within the window we don't need to update whether the window is clickable or not
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the radius of the Bevy logo make the window clickable otherwise the window is not clickable
    cursor_options.hit_test = bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS;
}

/// Start the drag operation and record the offset we started dragging from
fn start_drag(
    mut commands: Commands,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    bevy_logo_transform: Single<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Get the offset from the cursor to the Bevy logo sprite
    let drag_offset = bevy_logo_transform.translation.truncate() - cursor_world_pos;

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius start the drag operation and remember the offset of the cursor from the origin
    if drag_offset.length() < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS {
        commands.insert_resource(DragOperation(drag_offset));
    }
}

/// Stop the current drag operation
fn end_drag(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.remove_resource::<DragOperation>();
}

/// Drag the Bevy logo
fn drag(
    drag_offset: Res<DragOperation>,
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut bevy_transform: Single<&mut Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
    mut q_pupils: Query<&mut Pupil>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // Calculate the new translation of the Bevy logo based on cursor and drag offset
    let new_translation = cursor_world_pos + drag_offset.0;

    // Calculate how fast we are dragging the Bevy logo (unit/second)
    let drag_velocity =
        (new_translation - bevy_transform.translation.truncate()) / time.delta_secs();

    // Update the translation of Bevy logo transform to new translation
    bevy_transform.translation = new_translation.extend(bevy_transform.translation.z);

    // Add the cursor drag velocity in the opposite direction to each pupil.
    // Remember pupils are using local coordinates to move. So when the Bevy logo moves right they need to move left to
    // simulate inertia, otherwise they will move fixed to the parent.
    for mut pupil in &mut q_pupils {
        pupil.velocity -= drag_velocity;
    }
}

/// Quit when the user right clicks the Bevy logo
fn quit(
    cursor_world_pos: Res<CursorWorldPos>,
    mut app_exit: MessageWriter<AppExit>,
    bevy_logo_transform: Single<&Transform, With<BevyLogo>>,
) {
    // If the cursor is not within the primary window skip this system
    let Some(cursor_world_pos) = cursor_world_pos.0 else {
        return;
    };

    // If the cursor is within the Bevy logo radius send the [`AppExit`] event to quit the app
    if bevy_logo_transform
        .translation
        .truncate()
        .distance(cursor_world_pos)
        < BEVY_LOGO_RADIUS
    {
        app_exit.write(AppExit::Success);
    }
}

examples/ecs/delayed_commands.rs (line 49)

fn click(
    click: On<Pointer<Click>>,
    mut commands: Commands,
    squares: Query<(Entity, &Transform), With<BlinkySquare>>,
    cameras: Query<(&Camera, &GlobalTransform)>,
) {
    let (camera, camera_transform) = cameras.single().unwrap();
    let mut delayed = commands.delayed();
    for (entity, transform) in squares.iter() {
        // convert the pointer position to world position
        let mouse_world_pos = camera
            .viewport_to_world_2d(camera_transform, click.pointer_location.position)
            .unwrap();

        // delay the blinkiness by distance to cursor
        let dist = mouse_world_pos.distance(transform.translation.truncate());
        let delay = dist / 1000.0;
        delayed
            .secs(delay)
            .entity(entity)
            .insert(Sprite::from_color(Color::WHITE, SQUARE_SIZE));
        delayed
            .secs(delay + 0.1)
            .entity(entity)
            .insert(Sprite::from_color(Color::BLACK, SQUARE_SIZE));
    }
}

examples/ecs/observers.rs (line 29)

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .init_resource::<SpatialIndex>()
        .init_resource::<ExplosionsEnabled>()
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .add_systems(Update, (draw_shapes, handle_click, toggle_explosions))
        // Observers are systems that run when an event is "triggered". This observer runs whenever
        // `ExplodeMines` is triggered.
        //
        // Observers can have run conditions, just like systems! This observer only runs when
        // explosions are enabled. Press Space to toggle.
        .add_observer(
            (|explode_mines: On<ExplodeMines>,
              mines: Query<&Mine>,
              index: Res<SpatialIndex>,
              mut commands: Commands| {
                // Access resources
                for entity in index.get_nearby(explode_mines.pos) {
                    // Run queries
                    let mine = mines.get(entity).unwrap();
                    if mine.pos.distance(explode_mines.pos) < mine.size + explode_mines.radius {
                        // And queue commands, including triggering additional events
                        // Here we trigger the `Explode` event for entity `e`
                        commands.trigger(Explode { entity });
                    }
                }
            })
            .run_if(|enabled: Res<ExplosionsEnabled>| enabled.0),
        )
        // This observer runs whenever the `Mine` component is added to an entity, and places it in a simple spatial index.
        .add_observer(on_add_mine)
        // This observer runs whenever the `Mine` component is removed from an entity (including despawning it)
        // and removes it from the spatial index.
        .add_observer(on_remove_mine)
        .run();
}

examples/2d/cpu_draw.rs (line 63)

fn setup(mut commands: Commands, mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>) {
    commands.spawn(Camera2d);

    // Create an image that we are going to draw into
    let mut image = Image::new_fill(
        // 2D image of size 256x256
        Extent3d {
            width: IMAGE_WIDTH,
            height: IMAGE_HEIGHT,
            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
        },
        TextureDimension::D2,
        // Initialize it with a beige color
        &(css::BEIGE.to_u8_array()),
        // Use the same encoding as the color we set
        TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
        RenderAssetUsages::MAIN_WORLD | RenderAssetUsages::RENDER_WORLD,
    );

    // To make it extra fancy, we can set the Alpha of each pixel,
    // so that it fades out in a circular fashion.
    for y in 0..IMAGE_HEIGHT {
        for x in 0..IMAGE_WIDTH {
            let center = Vec2::new(IMAGE_WIDTH as f32 / 2.0, IMAGE_HEIGHT as f32 / 2.0);
            let max_radius = IMAGE_HEIGHT.min(IMAGE_WIDTH) as f32 / 2.0;
            let r = Vec2::new(x as f32, y as f32).distance(center);
            let a = 1.0 - (r / max_radius).clamp(0.0, 1.0);

            // Here we will set the A value by accessing the raw data bytes.
            // (it is the 4th byte of each pixel, as per our `TextureFormat`)

            // Find our pixel by its coordinates
            let pixel_bytes = image.pixel_bytes_mut(UVec3::new(x, y, 0)).unwrap();
            // Convert our f32 to u8
            pixel_bytes[3] = (a * u8::MAX as f32) as u8;
        }
    }

    // Add it to Bevy's assets, so it can be used for rendering
    // this will give us a handle we can use
    // (to display it in a sprite, or as part of UI, etc.)
    let handle = images.add(image);

    // Create a sprite entity using our image
    commands.spawn(Sprite::from_image(handle.clone()));
    commands.insert_resource(MyProcGenImage(handle));

    // We're seeding the PRNG here to make this example deterministic for testing purposes.
    // This isn't strictly required in practical use unless you need your app to be deterministic.
    let seeded_rng = ChaCha8Rng::seed_from_u64(19878367467712);
    commands.insert_resource(SeededRng(seeded_rng));
}

pub fn distance_squared(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Compute the squared euclidean distance between two points in space.

pub fn div_euclid(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the element-wise quotient of [Euclidean division] of self by rhs.

pub fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the element-wise remainder of Euclidean division of self by rhs.

pub fn normalize(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0.

For valid results, self must be finite and not of length zero, nor very close to zero.

See also Self::try_normalize() and Self::normalize_or_zero().

Panics

Will panic if the resulting normalized vector is not finite when glam_assert is enabled.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotation.rs (line 163)

fn snap_to_player_system(
    mut query: Query<&mut Transform, (With<SnapToPlayer>, Without<Player>)>,
    player_transform: Single<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    // Get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for mut enemy_transform in &mut query {
        // Get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // Get the quaternion to rotate from the initial enemy facing direction to the direction
        // facing the player
        let rotate_to_player = Quat::from_rotation_arc(Vec3::Y, to_player.extend(0.));

        // Rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotation = rotate_to_player;
    }
}

/// Demonstrates rotating an enemy ship to face the player ship at a given rotation speed.
///
/// This method uses the vector dot product to determine if the enemy is facing the player and
/// if not, which way to rotate to face the player. The dot product on two unit length vectors
/// will return a value between -1.0 and +1.0 which tells us the following about the two vectors:
///
/// * If the result is 1.0 the vectors are pointing in the same direction, the angle between them is
///   0 degrees.
/// * If the result is 0.0 the vectors are perpendicular, the angle between them is 90 degrees.
/// * If the result is -1.0 the vectors are parallel but pointing in opposite directions, the angle
///   between them is 180 degrees.
/// * If the result is positive the vectors are pointing in roughly the same direction, the angle
///   between them is greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees.
/// * If the result is negative the vectors are pointing in roughly opposite directions, the angle
///   between them is greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees.
///
/// It is possible to get the angle by taking the arc cosine (`acos`) of the dot product. It is
/// often unnecessary to do this though. Beware than `acos` will return `NaN` if the input is less
/// than -1.0 or greater than 1.0. This can happen even when working with unit vectors due to
/// floating point precision loss, so it pays to clamp your dot product value before calling
/// `acos`.
fn rotate_to_player_system(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<(&RotateToPlayer, &mut Transform), Without<Player>>,
    player_transform: Single<&Transform, With<Player>>,
) {
    // Get the player translation in 2D
    let player_translation = player_transform.translation.xy();

    for (config, mut enemy_transform) in &mut query {
        // Get the enemy ship forward vector in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_forward = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::Y).xy();

        // Get the vector from the enemy ship to the player ship in 2D and normalize it.
        let to_player = (player_translation - enemy_transform.translation.xy()).normalize();

        // Get the dot product between the enemy forward vector and the direction to the player.
        let forward_dot_player = enemy_forward.dot(to_player);

        // If the dot product is approximately 1.0 then the enemy is already facing the player and
        // we can early out.
        if (forward_dot_player - 1.0).abs() < f32::EPSILON {
            continue;
        }

        // Get the right vector of the enemy ship in 2D (already unit length)
        let enemy_right = (enemy_transform.rotation * Vec3::X).xy();

        // Get the dot product of the enemy right vector and the direction to the player ship.
        // If the dot product is negative them we need to rotate counter clockwise, if it is
        // positive we need to rotate clockwise. Note that `copysign` will still return 1.0 if the
        // dot product is 0.0 (because the player is directly behind the enemy, so perpendicular
        // with the right vector).
        let right_dot_player = enemy_right.dot(to_player);

        // Determine the sign of rotation from the right dot player. We need to negate the sign
        // here as the 2D bevy co-ordinate system rotates around +Z, which is pointing out of the
        // screen. Due to the right hand rule, positive rotation around +Z is counter clockwise and
        // negative is clockwise.
        let rotation_sign = -f32::copysign(1.0, right_dot_player);

        // Limit rotation so we don't overshoot the target. We need to convert our dot product to
        // an angle here so we can get an angle of rotation to clamp against.
        let max_angle = ops::acos(forward_dot_player.clamp(-1.0, 1.0)); // Clamp acos for safety

        // Calculate angle of rotation with limit
        let rotation_angle =
            rotation_sign * (config.rotation_speed * time.delta_secs()).min(max_angle);

        // Rotate the enemy to face the player
        enemy_transform.rotate_z(rotation_angle);
    }
}

examples/math/custom_primitives.rs (line 577)

    fn perimeter(&self) -> Vec<PerimeterSegment> {
        let resolution = self.resolution as u32;
        vec![
            // The left wing of the heart
            PerimeterSegment::Smooth {
                // The normals of the first and last vertices of smooth segments have to be specified manually.
                first_normal: Vec2::X,
                last_normal: Vec2::new(-1.0, -1.0).normalize(),
                // These indices are used to index into the `ATTRIBUTE_POSITION` vec of your 2D mesh.
                indices: (0..resolution).collect(),
            },
            // The bottom tip of the heart
            PerimeterSegment::Flat {
                indices: vec![resolution - 1, resolution, resolution + 1],
            },
            // The right wing of the heart
            PerimeterSegment::Smooth {
                first_normal: Vec2::new(1.0, -1.0).normalize(),
                last_normal: Vec2::NEG_X,
                indices: (resolution + 1..2 * resolution).chain([0]).collect(),
            },
        ]
    }

examples/showcase/desk_toy.rs (line 375)

fn move_pupils(time: Res<Time>, mut q_pupils: Query<(&mut Pupil, &mut Transform)>) {
    for (mut pupil, mut transform) in &mut q_pupils {
        // The wiggle radius is how much the pupil can move within the eye
        let wiggle_radius = pupil.eye_radius - pupil.pupil_radius;
        // Store the Z component
        let z = transform.translation.z;
        // Truncate the Z component to make the calculations be on [`Vec2`]
        let mut translation = transform.translation.truncate();
        // Decay the pupil velocity
        pupil.velocity *= ops::powf(0.04f32, time.delta_secs());
        // Move the pupil
        translation += pupil.velocity * time.delta_secs();
        // If the pupil hit the outside border of the eye, limit the translation to be within the wiggle radius and invert the velocity.
        // This is not physically accurate but it's good enough for the googly eyes effect.
        if translation.length() > wiggle_radius {
            translation = translation.normalize() * wiggle_radius;
            // Invert and decrease the velocity of the pupil when it bounces
            pupil.velocity *= -0.75;
        }
        // Update the entity transform with the new translation after reading the Z component
        transform.translation = translation.extend(z);
    }
}

examples/showcase/breakout.rs (line 206)

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
) {
    // Camera
    commands.spawn(Camera2d);

    // Sound
    let ball_collision_sound = asset_server.load("sounds/breakout_collision.ogg");
    commands.insert_resource(CollisionSound(ball_collision_sound));

    // Paddle
    let paddle_y = BOTTOM_WALL + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_FLOOR;

    commands.spawn((
        Sprite::from_color(PADDLE_COLOR, Vec2::ONE),
        Transform {
            translation: Vec3::new(0.0, paddle_y, 0.0),
            scale: PADDLE_SIZE.extend(1.0),
            ..default()
        },
        Paddle,
        Collider,
    ));

    // Ball
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Circle::default())),
        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(BALL_COLOR)),
        Transform::from_translation(BALL_STARTING_POSITION)
            .with_scale(Vec2::splat(BALL_DIAMETER).extend(1.)),
        Ball,
        Velocity(INITIAL_BALL_DIRECTION.normalize() * BALL_SPEED),
    ));

    // Scoreboard
    commands.spawn((
        Text::new("Score: "),
        TextFont {
            font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
            ..default()
        },
        TextColor(TEXT_COLOR),
        ScoreboardUi,
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            left: SCOREBOARD_TEXT_PADDING,
            ..default()
        },
        children![(
            TextSpan::default(),
            TextFont {
                font_size: SCOREBOARD_FONT_SIZE,
                ..default()
            },
            TextColor(SCORE_COLOR),
        )],
    ));

    // Walls
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Left));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Right));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Bottom));
    commands.spawn(Wall::new(WallLocation::Top));

    // Bricks
    let total_width_of_bricks = (RIGHT_WALL - LEFT_WALL) - 2. * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_SIDES;
    let bottom_edge_of_bricks = paddle_y + GAP_BETWEEN_PADDLE_AND_BRICKS;
    let total_height_of_bricks = TOP_WALL - bottom_edge_of_bricks - GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS_AND_CEILING;

    assert!(total_width_of_bricks > 0.0);
    assert!(total_height_of_bricks > 0.0);

    // Given the space available, compute how many rows and columns of bricks we can fit
    let n_columns = (total_width_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_rows = (total_height_of_bricks / (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS)).floor() as usize;
    let n_vertical_gaps = n_columns - 1;

    // Because we need to round the number of columns,
    // the space on the top and sides of the bricks only captures a lower bound, not an exact value
    let center_of_bricks = (LEFT_WALL + RIGHT_WALL) / 2.0;
    let left_edge_of_bricks = center_of_bricks
        // Space taken up by the bricks
        - (n_columns as f32 / 2.0 * BRICK_SIZE.x)
        // Space taken up by the gaps
        - n_vertical_gaps as f32 / 2.0 * GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS;

    // In Bevy, the `translation` of an entity describes the center point,
    // not its bottom-left corner
    let offset_x = left_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.x / 2.;
    let offset_y = bottom_edge_of_bricks + BRICK_SIZE.y / 2.;

    for row in 0..n_rows {
        for column in 0..n_columns {
            let brick_position = Vec2::new(
                offset_x + column as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.x + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
                offset_y + row as f32 * (BRICK_SIZE.y + GAP_BETWEEN_BRICKS),
            );

            // brick
            commands.spawn((
                Sprite {
                    color: BRICK_COLOR,
                    ..default()
                },
                Transform {
                    translation: brick_position.extend(0.0),
                    scale: Vec3::new(BRICK_SIZE.x, BRICK_SIZE.y, 1.0),
                    ..default()
                },
                Brick,
                Collider,
            ));
        }
    }
}

pub fn try_normalize(self) -> Option<Vec2>

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns None.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be None.

See also Self::normalize_or_zero().

pub fn normalize_or(self, fallback: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns a fallback value.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be the fallback value.

See also Self::try_normalize().

pub fn normalize_or_zero(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns zero.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be zero.

See also Self::try_normalize().

Examples found in repository

examples/camera/2d_top_down_camera.rs (line 114)

fn move_player(
    mut player: Single<&mut Transform, With<Player>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    kb_input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
) {
    let mut direction = Vec2::ZERO;

    if kb_input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyW) {
        direction.y += 1.;
    }

    if kb_input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyS) {
        direction.y -= 1.;
    }

    if kb_input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyA) {
        direction.x -= 1.;
    }

    if kb_input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyD) {
        direction.x += 1.;
    }

    // Progressively update the player's position over time. Normalize the
    // direction vector to prevent it from exceeding a magnitude of 1 when
    // moving diagonally.
    let move_delta = direction.normalize_or_zero() * PLAYER_SPEED * time.delta_secs();
    player.translation += move_delta.extend(0.);
}

examples/3d/tonemapping.rs (line 256)

fn resize_image(
    image_mesh: Query<(&MeshMaterial3d<StandardMaterial>, &Mesh3d), With<HDRViewer>>,
    materials: Res<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    images: Res<Assets<Image>>,
    mut image_event_reader: MessageReader<AssetEvent<Image>>,
) {
    for event in image_event_reader.read() {
        let (AssetEvent::Added { id } | AssetEvent::Modified { id }) = event else {
            continue;
        };

        for (mat_h, mesh_h) in &image_mesh {
            let Some(mat) = materials.get(mat_h) else {
                continue;
            };

            let Some(ref base_color_texture) = mat.base_color_texture else {
                continue;
            };

            if *id != base_color_texture.id() {
                continue;
            };

            let Some(image_changed) = images.get(*id) else {
                continue;
            };

            let size = image_changed.size_f32().normalize_or_zero() * 1.4;
            // Resize Mesh
            let quad = Mesh::from(Rectangle::from_size(size));
            meshes.insert(mesh_h, quad).unwrap();
        }
    }
}

pub fn normalize_and_length(self) -> (Vec2, f32)

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 and the length of self.

If self is zero length then (Self::X, 0.0) is returned.

pub fn is_normalized(self) -> bool

Returns whether self is length 1.0 or not.

Uses a precision threshold of approximately 1e-4.

pub fn project_onto(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be of non-zero length.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn reject_from(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be of non-zero length.

Panics

Will panic if rhs has a length of zero when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn project_onto_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn reject_from_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn round(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the nearest integer to a number for each element of self. Round half-way cases away from 0.0.

pub fn floor(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the largest integer less than or equal to a number for each element of self.

Examples found in repository

examples/asset/asset_saving.rs (line 236)

fn try_plot(
    event: On<TryPlot>,
    sprite: Query<(&Sprite, &Anchor, &GlobalTransform), With<SpriteToSave>>,
    camera: Single<(&Camera, &GlobalTransform)>,
    texture_atlases: Res<Assets<TextureAtlasLayout>>,
    draw_color: Res<DrawColor>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
) {
    let Ok((sprite, anchor, sprite_transform)) = sprite.get(event.entity) else {
        return;
    };
    let (camera, camera_transform) = camera.into_inner();
    let Ok(world_position) = camera.viewport_to_world_2d(camera_transform, event.location.position)
    else {
        return;
    };
    let relative_to_sprite = sprite_transform
        .affine()
        .inverse()
        .transform_point3(world_position.extend(0.0));
    let Ok(pixel_space) = sprite.compute_pixel_space_point(
        relative_to_sprite.xy(),
        *anchor,
        &images,
        &texture_atlases,
    ) else {
        return;
    };
    let pixel_coordinates = pixel_space.floor().as_uvec2();
    let mut image = images.get_mut(&sprite.image).unwrap();
    // For an actual drawing app, you'd at least draw a line from the last point, but this is
    // simpler.
    image
        .set_color_at(pixel_coordinates.x, pixel_coordinates.y, draw_color.0)
        .unwrap();
}

pub fn ceil(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number for each element of self.

Examples found in repository

examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs (line 259)

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    args: Res<Args>,
    mesh_assets: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    material_assets: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
    images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    let args = args.into_inner();
    let images = images.into_inner();
    let material_assets = material_assets.into_inner();
    let mesh_assets = mesh_assets.into_inner();

    let meshes = init_meshes(args, mesh_assets);

    let material_textures = init_textures(args, images);
    let materials = init_materials(args, &material_textures, material_assets);

    // We're seeding the PRNG here to make this example deterministic for testing purposes.
    // This isn't strictly required in practical use unless you need your app to be deterministic.
    let mut material_rng = ChaCha8Rng::seed_from_u64(42);
    match args.layout {
        Layout::Sphere => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for testing performance of culling as it provides roughly
            // the same number of visible meshes regardless of the viewing angle.
            let n_points: usize = args.instance_count;
            // NOTE: f64 is used to avoid precision issues that produce visual artifacts in the distribution
            let radius = WIDTH as f64 * 2.5;
            let golden_ratio = 0.5f64 * (1.0f64 + 5.0f64.sqrt());
            for i in 0..n_points {
                let spherical_polar_theta_phi =
                    fibonacci_spiral_on_sphere(golden_ratio, i, n_points);
                let unit_sphere_p = spherical_polar_to_cartesian(spherical_polar_theta_phi);
                let (mesh, transform) = meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap();
                commands
                    .spawn((
                        Mesh3d(mesh.clone()),
                        MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                        Transform::from_translation((radius * unit_sphere_p).as_vec3())
                            .looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y)
                            .mul_transform(*transform),
                    ))
                    .insert_if(NoFrustumCulling, || args.no_frustum_culling)
                    .insert_if(NoAutomaticBatching, || args.no_automatic_batching)
                    .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
            }

            // camera
            let mut camera = commands.spawn(Camera3d::default());
            if args.no_indirect_drawing {
                camera.insert(NoIndirectDrawing);
            }
            if args.no_cpu_culling {
                camera.insert(NoCpuCulling);
            }
            if args.motion_blur {
                camera.insert((
                    MotionBlur {
                        // Use an unrealistically large shutter angle so that motion blur is clearly visible.
                        shutter_angle: 3.0,
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                    // MSAA and MotionBlur are not compatible on WebGL.
                    #[cfg(all(
                        feature = "webgl2",
                        target_arch = "wasm32",
                        not(feature = "webgpu")
                    ))]
                    Msaa::Off,
                ));
            }

            // Inside-out box around the meshes onto which shadows are cast (though you cannot see them...)
            commands.spawn((
                Mesh3d(mesh_assets.add(Cuboid::from_size(Vec3::splat(radius as f32 * 2.2)))),
                MeshMaterial3d(material_assets.add(StandardMaterial::from(Color::WHITE))),
                Transform::from_scale(-Vec3::ONE),
                NotShadowCaster,
            ));
        }
        Layout::Cube => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for demonstrating that frustum culling is working correctly
            // as the number of visible meshes rises and falls depending on the viewing angle.
            let scale = 2.5;

            // Scale the width and height by the same factor so that we have the
            // right number of instances.
            // Because of the moiré pattern check and the fact that we're
            // spawning 4 instances per trip around the inner loop below, we're
            // solving the following equation for the factor variable:
            //
            //      4 * (9/10 * factor * width * 9/10 * factor * height) = count
            //
            // The solution is the value below.
            let factor = (5.0 / 9.0) * sqrt(args.instance_count as f32)
                / (sqrt(HEIGHT as f32) * sqrt(WIDTH as f32));
            let dimensions = (vec2(WIDTH as f32, HEIGHT as f32) * factor)
                .ceil()
                .as_uvec2();

            for x in 0..dimensions.x {
                for y in 0..dimensions.y {
                    // introduce spaces to break any kind of moiré pattern
                    if x % 10 == 0 || y % 10 == 0 {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // cube
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * scale, (y as f32) * scale, 0.0),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz(
                                (x as f32) * scale,
                                dimensions.y as f32 * scale,
                                (y as f32) * scale,
                            ),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * scale, 0.0, (y as f32) * scale),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz(0.0, (x as f32) * scale, (y as f32) * scale),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                }
            }
            // camera
            let center = 0.5
                * scale
                * Vec3::new(
                    dimensions.x as f32,
                    dimensions.y as f32,
                    dimensions.x as f32,
                );
            commands.spawn((Camera3d::default(), Transform::from_translation(center)));
            // Inside-out box around the meshes onto which shadows are cast (though you cannot see them...)
            commands.spawn((
                Mesh3d(mesh_assets.add(Cuboid::from_size(2.0 * 1.1 * center))),
                MeshMaterial3d(material_assets.add(StandardMaterial::from(Color::WHITE))),
                Transform::from_scale(-Vec3::ONE).with_translation(center),
                NotShadowCaster,
            ));
        }
        Layout::Dense => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for demonstrating a dense configuration of cubes
            // overlapping each other, all within the camera frustum.
            let count = args.instance_count;
            let size = cbrt(count as f32).round();
            let gap = 1.25;

            for i in 0..count {
                let x = i as f32 % size;
                let y = (i as f32 / size) % size;
                let z = i as f32 / (size * size);
                let pos = Vec3::new(x * gap, y * gap, z * gap);
                commands
                    .spawn((
                        Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                        MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                        Transform::from_translation(pos),
                    ))
                    .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
            }

            // camera
            commands.spawn((
                Camera3d::default(),
                Transform::from_xyz(100.0, 90.0, 100.0)
                    .looking_at(Vec3::new(0.0, -10.0, 0.0), Vec3::Y),
            ));
        }
    }

    commands.spawn((
        DirectionalLight {
            shadow_maps_enabled: args.shadows,
            ..default()
        },
        Transform::IDENTITY.looking_at(Vec3::new(0.0, -1.0, -1.0), Vec3::Y),
    ));
}

pub fn trunc(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the integer part each element of self. This means numbers are always truncated towards zero.

pub fn step(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing 0.0 if rhs < self and 1.0 otherwise.

Similar to glsl’s step(edge, x), which translates into edge.step(x)

pub fn saturate(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing all elements of self clamped to the range of [0, 1].

pub fn fract(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the fractional part of the vector as self - self.trunc().

Note that this differs from the GLSL implementation of fract which returns self - self.floor().

Note that this is fast but not precise for large numbers.

pub fn fract_gl(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the fractional part of the vector as self - self.floor().

Note that this differs from the Rust implementation of fract which returns self - self.trunc().

Note that this is fast but not precise for large numbers.

pub fn exp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing e^self (the exponential function) for each element of self.

pub fn exp2(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing 2^self for each element of self.

pub fn ln(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the natural logarithm for each element of self. This returns NaN when the element is negative and negative infinity when the element is zero.

pub fn log2(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the base 2 logarithm for each element of self. This returns NaN when the element is negative and negative infinity when the element is zero.

pub fn powf(self, n: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing each element of self raised to the power of n.

pub fn sqrt(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the square root for each element of self. This returns NaN when the element is negative.

pub fn cos(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the cosine for each element of self.

pub fn sin(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the sine for each element of self.

pub fn sin_cos(self) -> (Vec2, Vec2)

Returns a tuple of two vectors containing the sine and cosine for each element of self.

pub fn recip(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the reciprocal 1.0/n of each element of self.

pub fn lerp(self, rhs: Vec2, s: f32) -> Vec2

Performs a linear interpolation between self and rhs based on the value s.

When s is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s is 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs. When s is outside of range [0, 1], the result is linearly extrapolated.

pub fn move_towards(self, rhs: Vec2, d: f32) -> Vec2

Moves towards rhs based on the value d.

When d is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When d is equal to self.distance(rhs), the result will be equal to rhs. Will not go past rhs.

pub fn midpoint(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Calculates the midpoint between self and rhs.

The midpoint is the average of, or halfway point between, two vectors. a.midpoint(b) should yield the same result as a.lerp(b, 0.5) while being slightly cheaper to compute.

pub fn abs_diff_eq(self, rhs: Vec2, max_abs_diff: f32) -> bool

Returns true if the absolute difference of all elements between self and rhs is less than or equal to max_abs_diff.

This can be used to compare if two vectors contain similar elements. It works best when comparing with a known value. The max_abs_diff that should be used used depends on the values being compared against.

For more see comparing floating point numbers.

pub fn clamp_length(self, min: f32, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min and no more than max.

Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max, or if either min or max is negative, when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn clamp_length_max(self, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no more than max.

Panics

Will panic if max is negative when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn clamp_length_min(self, min: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min.

Panics

Will panic if min is negative when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2, b: Vec2) -> Vec2

Fused multiply-add. Computes (self * a) + b element-wise with only one rounding error, yielding a more accurate result than an unfused multiply-add.

Using mul_add may be more performant than an unfused multiply-add if the target architecture has a dedicated fma CPU instruction. However, this is not always true, and will be heavily dependant on designing algorithms with specific target hardware in mind.

pub fn reflect(self, normal: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the reflection vector for a given incident vector self and surface normal normal.

normal must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if normal is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn refract(self, normal: Vec2, eta: f32) -> Vec2

Returns the refraction direction for a given incident vector self, surface normal normal and ratio of indices of refraction, eta. When total internal reflection occurs, a zero vector will be returned.

self and normal must be normalized.

Panics

Will panic if self or normal is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

pub fn from_angle(angle: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a 2D vector containing [angle.cos(), angle.sin()]. This can be used in conjunction with the rotate() method, e.g. Vec2::from_angle(PI).rotate(Vec2::Y) will create the vector [-1, 0] and rotate Vec2::Y around it returning -Vec2::Y.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 353)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_secs() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 359)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_secs())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/2d/cpu_draw.rs (line 120)

fn draw(
    my_handle: Res<MyProcGenImage>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
    // Used to keep track of where we are
    mut i: Local<u32>,
    mut draw_color: Local<Color>,
    mut seeded_rng: ResMut<SeededRng>,
) {
    if *i == 0 {
        // Generate a random color on first run.
        *draw_color = Color::linear_rgb(
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
        );
    }

    // Get the image from Bevy's asset storage.
    let mut image = images.get_mut(&my_handle.0).expect("Image not found");

    // Compute the position of the pixel to draw.

    let center = Vec2::new(IMAGE_WIDTH as f32 / 2.0, IMAGE_HEIGHT as f32 / 2.0);
    let max_radius = IMAGE_HEIGHT.min(IMAGE_WIDTH) as f32 / 2.0;
    let rot_speed = 0.0123;
    let period = 0.12345;

    let r = ops::sin(*i as f32 * period) * max_radius;
    let xy = Vec2::from_angle(*i as f32 * rot_speed) * r + center;
    let (x, y) = (xy.x as u32, xy.y as u32);

    // Get the old color of that pixel.
    let old_color = image.get_color_at(x, y).unwrap();

    // If the old color is our current color, change our drawing color.
    let tolerance = 1.0 / 255.0;
    if old_color.distance(&draw_color) <= tolerance {
        *draw_color = Color::linear_rgb(
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
            seeded_rng.0.random(),
        );
    }

    // Set the new color, but keep old alpha value from image.
    image
        .set_color_at(x, y, draw_color.with_alpha(old_color.alpha()))
        .unwrap();

    *i += 1;
}

examples/3d/clustered_decal_maps.rs (line 331)

fn spawn_decal(
    mut commands: Commands,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
    app_textures: Res<AppTextures>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut decal_spawn_timer: Local<Option<Timer>>,
    mut seeded_rng: ResMut<SeededRng>,
) {
    // Tick the decal spawn timer. Check to see if we should spawn a new decal,
    // and bail out if it's not yet time to.
    let decal_spawn_timer = decal_spawn_timer
        .get_or_insert_with(|| Timer::new(Duration::from_millis(1000), TimerMode::Repeating));
    decal_spawn_timer.tick(time.delta());
    if !decal_spawn_timer.just_finished() {
        return;
    }

    // Generate a random position along the plane.
    let decal_position = vec3(
        seeded_rng.0.random_range(-PLANE_HALF_SIZE..PLANE_HALF_SIZE),
        seeded_rng.0.random_range(-PLANE_HALF_SIZE..PLANE_HALF_SIZE),
        0.0,
    );

    // Generate a random size for the decal.
    let decal_size = seeded_rng.0.random_range(DECAL_MIN_SIZE..DECAL_MAX_SIZE);

    // Generate a random rotation for the decal.
    let theta = seeded_rng.0.random_range(0.0f32..PI);

    // Now spawn the decal.
    commands.spawn((
        // Apply the textures.
        ClusteredDecal {
            base_color_texture: Some(app_textures.decal_base_color_texture.clone()),
            normal_map_texture: Some(app_textures.decal_normal_map_texture.clone()),
            metallic_roughness_texture: Some(
                app_textures.decal_metallic_roughness_map_texture.clone(),
            ),
            emissive_texture: if app_status.emissive_decals {
                Some(app_textures.decal_emissive_texture.clone())
            } else {
                None
            },
            ..ClusteredDecal::default()
        },
        // Spawn the decal at the right place. Note that the scale is initially
        // zero; we'll animate it later.
        Transform::from_translation(decal_position)
            .with_scale(Vec3::ZERO)
            .looking_to(Vec3::Z, Vec3::ZERO.with_xy(Vec2::from_angle(theta))),
        // Create the component that tracks the animation state.
        ExampleDecal {
            size: decal_size,
            state: ExampleDecalState::AnimatingIn(Timer::new(
                DECAL_ANIMATE_IN_DURATION,
                TimerMode::Once,
            )),
        },
    ));
}

examples/gizmos/2d_gizmos.rs (line 111)

fn draw_example_collection(
    mut gizmos: Gizmos,
    mut my_gizmos: Gizmos<MyRoundGizmos>,
    time: Res<Time>,
) {
    let sin_t_scaled = ops::sin(time.elapsed_secs()) * 50.;
    gizmos.line_2d(Vec2::Y * -sin_t_scaled, Vec2::splat(-80.), RED);
    gizmos.ray_2d(Vec2::Y * sin_t_scaled, Vec2::splat(80.), LIME);

    gizmos
        .grid_2d(
            Isometry2d::IDENTITY,
            UVec2::new(16, 9),
            Vec2::new(80., 80.),
            // Dark gray
            LinearRgba::gray(0.05),
        )
        .outer_edges();

    // Triangle
    gizmos.linestrip_gradient_2d([
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
        (Vec2::new(-255., -155.), RED),
        (Vec2::new(255., -155.), LIME),
        (Vec2::Y * 300., BLUE),
    ]);

    gizmos.rect_2d(Isometry2d::IDENTITY, Vec2::splat(650.), BLACK);

    gizmos.cross_2d(Vec2::new(-160., 120.), 12., FUCHSIA);

    let domain = Interval::EVERYWHERE;
    let curve = FunctionCurve::new(domain, |t| Vec2::new(t, ops::sin(t / 25.0) * 100.0));
    let resolution = ((ops::sin(time.elapsed_secs()) + 1.0) * 50.0) as usize;
    let times_and_colors = (0..=resolution)
        .map(|n| n as f32 / resolution as f32)
        .map(|t| (t - 0.5) * 600.0)
        .map(|t| (t, TEAL.mix(&HOT_PINK, (t + 300.0) / 600.0)));
    gizmos.curve_gradient_2d(curve, times_and_colors);

    my_gizmos
        .rounded_rect_2d(Isometry2d::IDENTITY, Vec2::splat(630.), BLACK)
        .corner_radius(ops::cos(time.elapsed_secs() / 3.) * 100.);

    // Circles have 32 line-segments by default.
    // You may want to increase this for larger circles.
    my_gizmos
        .circle_2d(Isometry2d::IDENTITY, 300., NAVY)
        .resolution(64);

    my_gizmos.ellipse_2d(
        Rot2::radians(time.elapsed_secs() % TAU),
        Vec2::new(100., 200.),
        YELLOW_GREEN,
    );

    // Arcs default resolution is linearly interpolated between
    // 1 and 32, using the arc length as scalar.
    my_gizmos.arc_2d(
        Rot2::radians(sin_t_scaled / 10.),
        FRAC_PI_2,
        310.,
        ORANGE_RED,
    );
    my_gizmos.arc_2d(Isometry2d::IDENTITY, FRAC_PI_2, 80.0, ORANGE_RED);
    my_gizmos.long_arc_2d_between(Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::X * 20.0, Vec2::Y * 20.0, ORANGE_RED);
    my_gizmos.short_arc_2d_between(Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::X * 40.0, Vec2::Y * 40.0, ORANGE_RED);

    gizmos.arrow_2d(
        Vec2::ZERO,
        Vec2::from_angle(sin_t_scaled / -10. + PI / 2.) * 50.,
        YELLOW,
    );

    // You can create more complex arrows using the arrow builder.
    gizmos
        .arrow_2d(
            Vec2::ZERO,
            Vec2::from_angle(sin_t_scaled / -10.) * 50.,
            GREEN,
        )
        .with_double_end()
        .with_tip_length(10.);
}

pub fn to_angle(self) -> f32

Returns the angle (in radians) of this vector in the range [-π, +π].

The input does not need to be a unit vector however it must be non-zero.

Examples found in repository

examples/2d/rotate_to_cursor.rs (line 56)

fn player_movement_system(
    mut player: Single<&mut Transform, With<Player>>,
    camera_query: Single<(&Camera, &GlobalTransform)>,
    window: Single<&Window>,
) {
    let (camera, camera_transform) = *camera_query;

    if let Some(cursor_position) = window.cursor_position()
        // Calculate a world position based on the cursor's position.
        && let Ok(cursor_world_pos) = camera.viewport_to_world_2d(camera_transform, cursor_position)
    {
        // The angle an entity needs to rotate to face a point is defined
        // by the vector between the two points (Vec2 - Vec2), which we can then
        // turn into radians using to_angle.
        //
        // FRAC_PI_2 is because our sprite's ship is facing "up" so we rotate it an additional 90 degrees
        // so that it faces the cursor.
        player.rotation = Quat::from_rotation_z(
            (cursor_world_pos - player.translation.xy()).to_angle() - FRAC_PI_2,
        );
    }
}

pub fn angle_to(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Returns the angle of rotation (in radians) from self to rhs in the range [-π, +π].

The inputs do not need to be unit vectors however they must be non-zero.

pub fn perp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector that is equal to self rotated by 90 degrees.

pub fn perp_dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

The perpendicular dot product of self and rhs. Also known as the wedge product, 2D cross product, and determinant.

pub fn rotate(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns rhs rotated by the angle of self. If self is normalized, then this just rotation. This is what you usually want. Otherwise, it will be like a rotation with a multiplication by self’s length.

This can be used in conjunction with the from_angle() method, e.g. Vec2::from_angle(PI).rotate(Vec2::Y) will create the vector [-1, 0] and rotate Vec2::Y around it returning -Vec2::Y.

Examples found in repository

examples/3d/reflection_probes.rs (line 354)

fn rotate_camera(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(time.delta_secs() * PI / 5.0)
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

examples/3d/irradiance_volumes.rs (line 360)

fn rotate_camera(
    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, With<Camera3d>>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    app_status: Res<AppStatus>,
) {
    if !app_status.rotating {
        return;
    }

    for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
        transform.translation = Vec2::from_angle(ROTATION_SPEED * time.delta_secs())
            .rotate(transform.translation.xz())
            .extend(transform.translation.y)
            .xzy();
        transform.look_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);
    }
}

pub fn rotate_towards(self, rhs: Vec2, max_angle: f32) -> Vec2

Rotates towards rhs up to max_angle (in radians).

When max_angle is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When max_angle is equal to self.angle_between(rhs), the result will be parallel to rhs. If max_angle is negative, rotates towards the exact opposite of rhs. Will not go past the target.

pub fn as_dvec2(self) -> DVec2

Casts all elements of self to f64.

pub fn as_i8vec2(self) -> I8Vec2

Casts all elements of self to i8.

pub fn as_u8vec2(self) -> U8Vec2

Casts all elements of self to u8.

pub fn as_i16vec2(self) -> I16Vec2

Casts all elements of self to i16.

pub fn as_u16vec2(self) -> U16Vec2

Casts all elements of self to u16.

pub fn as_ivec2(self) -> IVec2

Casts all elements of self to i32.

pub fn as_uvec2(self) -> UVec2

Casts all elements of self to u32.

Examples found in repository

examples/asset/asset_saving.rs (line 236)

fn try_plot(
    event: On<TryPlot>,
    sprite: Query<(&Sprite, &Anchor, &GlobalTransform), With<SpriteToSave>>,
    camera: Single<(&Camera, &GlobalTransform)>,
    texture_atlases: Res<Assets<TextureAtlasLayout>>,
    draw_color: Res<DrawColor>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
) {
    let Ok((sprite, anchor, sprite_transform)) = sprite.get(event.entity) else {
        return;
    };
    let (camera, camera_transform) = camera.into_inner();
    let Ok(world_position) = camera.viewport_to_world_2d(camera_transform, event.location.position)
    else {
        return;
    };
    let relative_to_sprite = sprite_transform
        .affine()
        .inverse()
        .transform_point3(world_position.extend(0.0));
    let Ok(pixel_space) = sprite.compute_pixel_space_point(
        relative_to_sprite.xy(),
        *anchor,
        &images,
        &texture_atlases,
    ) else {
        return;
    };
    let pixel_coordinates = pixel_space.floor().as_uvec2();
    let mut image = images.get_mut(&sprite.image).unwrap();
    // For an actual drawing app, you'd at least draw a line from the last point, but this is
    // simpler.
    image
        .set_color_at(pixel_coordinates.x, pixel_coordinates.y, draw_color.0)
        .unwrap();
}

examples/2d/2d_viewport_to_world.rs (line 82)

fn controls(
    camera_query: Single<(&mut Camera, &mut Transform, &mut Projection)>,
    window: Single<&Window>,
    input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
    time: Res<Time<Fixed>>,
) {
    let (mut camera, mut transform, mut projection) = camera_query.into_inner();

    let fspeed = 600.0 * time.delta_secs();
    let uspeed = fspeed as u32;
    let window_size = window.resolution.physical_size();

    // Camera movement controls
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowUp) {
        transform.translation.y += fspeed;
    }
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowDown) {
        transform.translation.y -= fspeed;
    }
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowLeft) {
        transform.translation.x -= fspeed;
    }
    if input.pressed(KeyCode::ArrowRight) {
        transform.translation.x += fspeed;
    }

    // Camera zoom controls
    if let Projection::Orthographic(projection2d) = &mut *projection {
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::Comma) {
            projection2d.scale *= powf(4.0f32, time.delta_secs());
        }

        if input.pressed(KeyCode::Period) {
            projection2d.scale *= powf(0.25f32, time.delta_secs());
        }
    }

    if let Some(viewport) = camera.viewport.as_mut() {
        // Reset viewport size on window resize
        if viewport.physical_size.x > window_size.x || viewport.physical_size.y > window_size.y {
            viewport.physical_size = (window_size.as_vec2() * 0.75).as_uvec2();
        }

        // Viewport movement controls
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyW) {
            viewport.physical_position.y = viewport.physical_position.y.saturating_sub(uspeed);
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyS) {
            viewport.physical_position.y += uspeed;
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyA) {
            viewport.physical_position.x = viewport.physical_position.x.saturating_sub(uspeed);
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyD) {
            viewport.physical_position.x += uspeed;
        }

        // Bound viewport position so it doesn't go off-screen
        viewport.physical_position = viewport
            .physical_position
            .min(window_size - viewport.physical_size);

        // Viewport size controls
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyI) {
            viewport.physical_size.y = viewport.physical_size.y.saturating_sub(uspeed);
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyK) {
            viewport.physical_size.y += uspeed;
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyJ) {
            viewport.physical_size.x = viewport.physical_size.x.saturating_sub(uspeed);
        }
        if input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyL) {
            viewport.physical_size.x += uspeed;
        }

        // Bound viewport size so it doesn't go off-screen
        viewport.physical_size = viewport
            .physical_size
            .min(window_size - viewport.physical_position)
            .max(UVec2::new(20, 20));
    }
}

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
    window: Single<&Window>,
) {
    let window_size = window.resolution.physical_size().as_vec2();

    // Initialize centered, non-window-filling viewport
    commands.spawn((
        Camera2d,
        Camera {
            viewport: Some(Viewport {
                physical_position: (window_size * 0.125).as_uvec2(),
                physical_size: (window_size * 0.75).as_uvec2(),
                ..default()
            }),
            ..default()
        },
    ));

    // Create a minimal UI explaining how to interact with the example
    commands.spawn((
        Text::new(
            "Move the mouse to see the circle follow your cursor.\n\
                    Use the arrow keys to move the camera.\n\
                    Use the comma and period keys to zoom in and out.\n\
                    Use the WASD keys to move the viewport.\n\
                    Use the IJKL keys to resize the viewport.",
        ),
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: px(12),
            left: px(12),
            ..default()
        },
    ));

    // Add mesh to make camera movement visible
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Rectangle::new(40.0, 20.0))),
        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::from(GREEN))),
    ));

    // Add background to visualize viewport bounds
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh2d(meshes.add(Rectangle::new(50000.0, 50000.0))),
        MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::linear_rgb(0.01, 0.01, 0.01))),
        Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, -200.0)),
    ));
}

examples/stress_tests/many_cubes.rs (line 260)

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    args: Res<Args>,
    mesh_assets: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    material_assets: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
    images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
) {
    warn!(include_str!("warning_string.txt"));

    let args = args.into_inner();
    let images = images.into_inner();
    let material_assets = material_assets.into_inner();
    let mesh_assets = mesh_assets.into_inner();

    let meshes = init_meshes(args, mesh_assets);

    let material_textures = init_textures(args, images);
    let materials = init_materials(args, &material_textures, material_assets);

    // We're seeding the PRNG here to make this example deterministic for testing purposes.
    // This isn't strictly required in practical use unless you need your app to be deterministic.
    let mut material_rng = ChaCha8Rng::seed_from_u64(42);
    match args.layout {
        Layout::Sphere => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for testing performance of culling as it provides roughly
            // the same number of visible meshes regardless of the viewing angle.
            let n_points: usize = args.instance_count;
            // NOTE: f64 is used to avoid precision issues that produce visual artifacts in the distribution
            let radius = WIDTH as f64 * 2.5;
            let golden_ratio = 0.5f64 * (1.0f64 + 5.0f64.sqrt());
            for i in 0..n_points {
                let spherical_polar_theta_phi =
                    fibonacci_spiral_on_sphere(golden_ratio, i, n_points);
                let unit_sphere_p = spherical_polar_to_cartesian(spherical_polar_theta_phi);
                let (mesh, transform) = meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap();
                commands
                    .spawn((
                        Mesh3d(mesh.clone()),
                        MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                        Transform::from_translation((radius * unit_sphere_p).as_vec3())
                            .looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y)
                            .mul_transform(*transform),
                    ))
                    .insert_if(NoFrustumCulling, || args.no_frustum_culling)
                    .insert_if(NoAutomaticBatching, || args.no_automatic_batching)
                    .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
            }

            // camera
            let mut camera = commands.spawn(Camera3d::default());
            if args.no_indirect_drawing {
                camera.insert(NoIndirectDrawing);
            }
            if args.no_cpu_culling {
                camera.insert(NoCpuCulling);
            }
            if args.motion_blur {
                camera.insert((
                    MotionBlur {
                        // Use an unrealistically large shutter angle so that motion blur is clearly visible.
                        shutter_angle: 3.0,
                        ..Default::default()
                    },
                    // MSAA and MotionBlur are not compatible on WebGL.
                    #[cfg(all(
                        feature = "webgl2",
                        target_arch = "wasm32",
                        not(feature = "webgpu")
                    ))]
                    Msaa::Off,
                ));
            }

            // Inside-out box around the meshes onto which shadows are cast (though you cannot see them...)
            commands.spawn((
                Mesh3d(mesh_assets.add(Cuboid::from_size(Vec3::splat(radius as f32 * 2.2)))),
                MeshMaterial3d(material_assets.add(StandardMaterial::from(Color::WHITE))),
                Transform::from_scale(-Vec3::ONE),
                NotShadowCaster,
            ));
        }
        Layout::Cube => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for demonstrating that frustum culling is working correctly
            // as the number of visible meshes rises and falls depending on the viewing angle.
            let scale = 2.5;

            // Scale the width and height by the same factor so that we have the
            // right number of instances.
            // Because of the moiré pattern check and the fact that we're
            // spawning 4 instances per trip around the inner loop below, we're
            // solving the following equation for the factor variable:
            //
            //      4 * (9/10 * factor * width * 9/10 * factor * height) = count
            //
            // The solution is the value below.
            let factor = (5.0 / 9.0) * sqrt(args.instance_count as f32)
                / (sqrt(HEIGHT as f32) * sqrt(WIDTH as f32));
            let dimensions = (vec2(WIDTH as f32, HEIGHT as f32) * factor)
                .ceil()
                .as_uvec2();

            for x in 0..dimensions.x {
                for y in 0..dimensions.y {
                    // introduce spaces to break any kind of moiré pattern
                    if x % 10 == 0 || y % 10 == 0 {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // cube
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * scale, (y as f32) * scale, 0.0),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz(
                                (x as f32) * scale,
                                dimensions.y as f32 * scale,
                                (y as f32) * scale,
                            ),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz((x as f32) * scale, 0.0, (y as f32) * scale),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                    commands
                        .spawn((
                            Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                            MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                            Transform::from_xyz(0.0, (x as f32) * scale, (y as f32) * scale),
                        ))
                        .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
                }
            }
            // camera
            let center = 0.5
                * scale
                * Vec3::new(
                    dimensions.x as f32,
                    dimensions.y as f32,
                    dimensions.x as f32,
                );
            commands.spawn((Camera3d::default(), Transform::from_translation(center)));
            // Inside-out box around the meshes onto which shadows are cast (though you cannot see them...)
            commands.spawn((
                Mesh3d(mesh_assets.add(Cuboid::from_size(2.0 * 1.1 * center))),
                MeshMaterial3d(material_assets.add(StandardMaterial::from(Color::WHITE))),
                Transform::from_scale(-Vec3::ONE).with_translation(center),
                NotShadowCaster,
            ));
        }
        Layout::Dense => {
            // NOTE: This pattern is good for demonstrating a dense configuration of cubes
            // overlapping each other, all within the camera frustum.
            let count = args.instance_count;
            let size = cbrt(count as f32).round();
            let gap = 1.25;

            for i in 0..count {
                let x = i as f32 % size;
                let y = (i as f32 / size) % size;
                let z = i as f32 / (size * size);
                let pos = Vec3::new(x * gap, y * gap, z * gap);
                commands
                    .spawn((
                        Mesh3d(meshes.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().0.clone()),
                        MeshMaterial3d(materials.choose(&mut material_rng).unwrap().clone()),
                        Transform::from_translation(pos),
                    ))
                    .insert_if(NoCpuCulling, || args.no_cpu_culling);
            }

            // camera
            commands.spawn((
                Camera3d::default(),
                Transform::from_xyz(100.0, 90.0, 100.0)
                    .looking_at(Vec3::new(0.0, -10.0, 0.0), Vec3::Y),
            ));
        }
    }

    commands.spawn((
        DirectionalLight {
            shadow_maps_enabled: args.shadows,
            ..default()
        },
        Transform::IDENTITY.looking_at(Vec3::new(0.0, -1.0, -1.0), Vec3::Y),
    ));
}

pub fn as_i64vec2(self) -> I64Vec2

Casts all elements of self to i64.

pub fn as_u64vec2(self) -> U64Vec2

Casts all elements of self to u64.

pub fn as_isizevec2(self) -> ISizeVec2

Casts all elements of self to isize.

pub fn as_usizevec2(self) -> USizeVec2

Casts all elements of self to usize.

Trait Implementations

impl Add for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&Vec2> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<&f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl Add<f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation.

impl AddAssign for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the += operation.

impl AddAssign<&Vec2> for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Vec2)

Performs the += operation.

impl AddAssign<&f32> for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: &f32)

Performs the += operation.

impl AddAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the += operation.

impl Animatable for Vec2

fn interpolate(a: &Vec2, b: &Vec2, t: f32) -> Vec2

Interpolates between a and b with an interpolation factor of time.

fn blend(inputs: impl Iterator<Item = BlendInput<Vec2>>) -> Vec2

Blends one or more values together.

impl AsMut<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [f32; 2]

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl AsMutVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: AsMut<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn as_mut_parts(&mut self) -> &mut [f32; 2]

impl AsRef<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

fn as_ref(&self) -> &[f32; 2]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl AsRefVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: AsRef<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn as_ref_parts(&self) -> &[f32; 2]

impl Clone for Vec2

fn clone(&self) -> Vec2

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Copy for Vec2

impl CreateFrom for Vec2

where Vec2: FromVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + CreateFrom,

fn create_from<B>(reader: &mut Reader<B>) -> Vec2

where B: BufferRef,

impl Debug for Vec2

fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Vec2

fn default() -> Vec2

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Vec2

Deserialize expects a sequence of 2 values.

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Vec2, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Display for Vec2

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Div for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&Vec2> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<&f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl Div<f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation.

impl DivAssign for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the /= operation.

impl DivAssign<&Vec2> for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Vec2)

Performs the /= operation.

impl DivAssign<&f32> for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: &f32)

Performs the /= operation.

impl DivAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the /= operation.

impl From<(f32, f32)> for Vec2

fn from(t: (f32, f32)) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<BVec2> for Vec2

fn from(v: BVec2) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Dir2> for Vec2

fn from(value: Dir2) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for [f32; 2]

fn from(v: Vec2) -> [f32; 2]

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for DVec2

fn from(v: Vec2) -> DVec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for Isometry2d

fn from(translation: Vec2) -> Isometry2d

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for TextBounds

fn from(v: Vec2) -> TextBounds

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for ScrollPosition

fn from(value: Vec2) -> ScrollPosition

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec2> for Anchor

fn from(value: Vec2) -> Anchor

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

fn from(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl FromArg for Vec2

type This<'from_arg> = Vec2

The type to convert into.

fn from_arg(arg: Arg<'_>) -> Result<<Vec2 as FromArg>::This<'_>, ArgError>

Creates an item from an argument.

impl FromIterator<Vec2> for Polyline2d

Available on crate feature alloc only.

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Polyline2d

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl FromIterator<Vec2> for Polygon

Available on crate feature alloc only.

fn from_iter<I>(iter: I) -> Polygon

where I: IntoIterator<Item = Vec2>,

Creates a value from an iterator.

impl FromReflect for Vec2

fn from_reflect(reflect: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)) -> Option<Vec2>

Constructs a concrete instance of Self from a reflected value.

fn take_from_reflect( reflect: Box<dyn PartialReflect>, ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>

Attempts to downcast the given value to Self using, constructing the value using from_reflect if that fails.

impl FromVectorParts<f32, 2> for Vec2

where Vec2: From<[f32; 2]>, f32: VectorScalar,

fn from_parts(parts: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

impl GetOwnership for Vec2

fn ownership() -> Ownership

Returns the ownership of Self.

impl GetTypeRegistration for Vec2

fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration

Returns the default TypeRegistration for this type.

fn register_type_dependencies(registry: &mut TypeRegistry)

Registers other types needed by this type.

impl Index<usize> for Vec2

type Output = f32

The returned type after indexing.

fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &<Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl IndexMut<usize> for Vec2

fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut <Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the mutable indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl IntoReturn for Vec2

fn into_return<'into_return>(self) -> Return<'into_return>

where Vec2: 'into_return,

Converts Self into a Return value.

impl Mul for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for Mat2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&Vec2> for &Mat2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<&f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Mat2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Mat2 as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for &Mat2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Isometry2d

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Isometry2d as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Rot2

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Rot2 as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Rotates a Vec2 by a Rot2.

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl Mul<Vec2> for UiGlobalTransform

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, value: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl Mul<f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation.

impl MulAssign for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the *= operation.

impl MulAssign<&Vec2> for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Vec2)

Performs the *= operation.

impl MulAssign<&f32> for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: &f32)

Performs the *= operation.

impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the *= operation.

impl Neg for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Vec2

Performs the unary - operation.

impl Neg for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Vec2

Performs the unary - operation.

impl NormedVectorSpace for Vec2

fn norm(self) -> f32

The size of this element. The return value should always be nonnegative.

fn norm_squared(self) -> f32

The squared norm of this element. Computing this is often faster than computing NormedVectorSpace::norm.

fn distance(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Scalar

The distance between this element and another, as determined by the norm.

fn distance_squared(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Scalar

The squared distance between this element and another, as determined by the norm. Note that this is often faster to compute in practice than NormedVectorSpace::distance.

impl PartialEq for Vec2

fn eq(&self, other: &Vec2) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl PartialReflect for Vec2

fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>

Returns the TypeInfo of the type represented by this value.

fn try_apply( &mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static), ) -> Result<(), ApplyError>

Tries to apply a reflected value to this value.

fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind

Returns a zero-sized enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>

Returns an immutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>

Returns a mutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Vec2>) -> ReflectOwned

Returns an owned enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn try_into_reflect( self: Box<Vec2>, ) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>

Attempts to cast this type to a boxed, fully-reflected value.

fn try_as_reflect(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Attempts to cast this type to a fully-reflected value.

fn try_as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)>

Attempts to cast this type to a mutable, fully-reflected value.

fn into_partial_reflect(self: Box<Vec2>) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>

Casts this type to a boxed, reflected value.

fn as_partial_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a reflected value.

fn as_partial_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a mutable, reflected value.

fn reflect_partial_eq( &self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static), ) -> Option<bool>

Returns a “partial equality” comparison result.

fn reflect_partial_cmp( &self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static), ) -> Option<Ordering>

Returns a “partial comparison” result.

fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Debug formatter for the value.

fn reflect_clone(&self) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, ReflectCloneError>

Attempts to clone Self using reflection.

fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static))

Applies a reflected value to this value.

fn to_dynamic(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>

Converts this reflected value into its dynamic representation based on its kind.

fn reflect_clone_and_take<T>(&self) -> Result<T, ReflectCloneError>

where T: 'static, Self: Sized + TypePath,

For a type implementing PartialReflect, combines reflect_clone and take in a useful fashion, automatically constructing an appropriate ReflectCloneError if the downcast fails.

fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns a hash of the value (which includes the type).

fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool

Indicates whether or not this type is a dynamic type.

impl Pod for Vec2

impl Product for Vec2

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = Vec2>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl<'a> Product<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl ReadFrom for Vec2

where Vec2: AsMutVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + ReadFrom,

fn read_from<B>(&mut self, reader: &mut Reader<B>)

where B: BufferRef,

impl Reflect for Vec2

fn into_any(self: Box<Vec2>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Returns the value as a Box<dyn Any>.

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &dyn Any.

fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Returns the value as a &mut dyn Any.

fn into_reflect(self: Box<Vec2>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Casts this type to a boxed, fully-reflected value.

fn as_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a fully-reflected value.

fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)

Casts this type to a mutable, fully-reflected value.

fn set(&mut self, value: Box<dyn Reflect>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Reflect>>

Performs a type-checked assignment of a reflected value to this value.

impl Rem for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&Vec2> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<&f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl Rem<f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation.

impl RemAssign for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<&Vec2> for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Vec2)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<&f32> for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: &f32)

Performs the %= operation.

impl RemAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the %= operation.

impl SampleUniform for Vec2

type Sampler = UniformVec2<UniformFloat<f32>>

The UniformSampler implementation supporting type X.

impl Serialize for Vec2

Serialize as a sequence of 2 values.

fn serialize<S>( &self, serializer: S, ) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl ShaderSize for Vec2

where f32: ShaderSize,

const SHADER_SIZE: NonZero<u64> = _

Represents WGSL Size (equivalent to ShaderType::min_size)

impl ShaderType for Vec2

where f32: ShaderSize,

fn min_size() -> NonZero<u64>

Represents the minimum size of Self (equivalent to GPUBufferBindingLayout.minBindingSize)

fn size(&self) -> NonZero<u64>

Returns the size of Self at runtime

fn assert_uniform_compat()

Asserts that Self meets the requirements of the uniform address space restrictions on stored values and the uniform address space layout constraints

impl Struct for Vec2

fn field(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>

Gets a reference to the value of the field named name as a &dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_mut( &mut self, name: &str, ) -> Option<&mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>

Gets a mutable reference to the value of the field named name as a &mut dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>

Gets a reference to the value of the field with index index as a &dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_at_mut( &mut self, index: usize, ) -> Option<&mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>

Gets a mutable reference to the value of the field with index index as a &mut dyn PartialReflect.

fn name_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&str>

Gets the name of the field with index index.

fn index_of_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<usize>

Gets the index of the field with the given name.

fn field_len(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of fields in the struct.

fn iter_fields(&self) -> FieldIter<'_>

Returns an iterator over the values of the reflectable fields for this struct.

fn to_dynamic_struct(&self) -> DynamicStruct

Creates a new DynamicStruct from this struct.

fn get_represented_struct_info(&self) -> Option<&'static StructInfo>

Will return None if TypeInfo is not available.

impl StructuralPartialEq for Vec2

impl Sub for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&Vec2> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<&f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: &f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Vec2> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Vec2> for f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<Vec2> for &f32

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<f32> for Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl Sub<f32> for &Vec2

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation.

impl SubAssign for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the -= operation.

impl SubAssign<&Vec2> for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: &Vec2)

Performs the -= operation.

impl SubAssign<&f32> for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: &f32)

Performs the -= operation.

impl SubAssign<f32> for Vec2

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the -= operation.

impl Sum for Vec2

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = Vec2>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl<'a> Sum<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2

where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl TryFrom<Vec2> for AspectRatio

type Error = AspectRatioError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from( value: Vec2, ) -> Result<AspectRatio, <AspectRatio as TryFrom<Vec2>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl TryFrom<Vec2> for Dir2

type Error = InvalidDirectionError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: Vec2) -> Result<Dir2, <Dir2 as TryFrom<Vec2>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl TypePath for Vec2

fn type_path() -> &'static str

Returns the fully qualified path of the underlying type.

fn short_type_path() -> &'static str

Returns a short, pretty-print enabled path to the type.

fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the type, or None if it is anonymous.

fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the crate the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

fn module_path() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the path to the module the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

impl Typed for Vec2

fn type_info() -> &'static TypeInfo

Returns the compile-time info for the underlying type.

impl Vec2Swizzles for Vec2

type Vec3 = Vec3

type Vec4 = Vec4

fn xx(self) -> Vec2

fn yx(self) -> Vec2

fn yy(self) -> Vec2

fn xxx(self) -> Vec3

fn xxy(self) -> Vec3

fn xyx(self) -> Vec3

fn xyy(self) -> Vec3

fn yxx(self) -> Vec3

fn yxy(self) -> Vec3

fn yyx(self) -> Vec3

fn yyy(self) -> Vec3

fn xxxx(self) -> Vec4

fn xxxy(self) -> Vec4

fn xxyx(self) -> Vec4

fn xxyy(self) -> Vec4

fn xyxx(self) -> Vec4

fn xyxy(self) -> Vec4

fn xyyx(self) -> Vec4

fn xyyy(self) -> Vec4

fn yxxx(self) -> Vec4

fn yxxy(self) -> Vec4

fn yxyx(self) -> Vec4

fn yxyy(self) -> Vec4

fn yyxx(self) -> Vec4

fn yyxy(self) -> Vec4

fn yyyx(self) -> Vec4

fn yyyy(self) -> Vec4

fn xy(self) -> Self

impl VectorSpace for Vec2

const ZERO: Vec2 = Vec2::ZERO

The zero vector, which is the identity of addition for the vector space type.

type Scalar = f32

The scalar type of this vector space.

fn lerp(self, rhs: Self, t: Self::Scalar) -> Self

Perform vector space linear interpolation between this element and another, based on the parameter t. When t is 0, self is recovered. When t is 1, rhs is recovered.

impl WriteInto for Vec2

where Vec2: AsRefVectorParts<f32, 2>, f32: VectorScalar + WriteInto,

fn write_into<B>(&self, writer: &mut Writer<B>)

where B: BufferMut,

impl Zeroable for Vec2

fn zeroed() -> Self

Calls zeroed.