Struct LcdBuffer 

pub struct LcdBuffer { /* private fields */ }

LCD coverage buffer, row 0 = bottom (matches Framebuffer convention).

Two planes, 3 bytes per pixel each:

• color: per-channel premultiplied RGB colour accumulated from every paint so far. (R_color, G_color, B_color) where each byte is channel_color * channel_alpha.
• alpha: per-channel alpha/coverage accumulated from every paint so far. (R_alpha, G_alpha, B_alpha) where each byte is the combined opacity of that subpixel column (0 = untouched, 255 = fully opaque).

Why per-channel alpha? LCD subpixel rendering produces a distinct coverage value per R/G/B channel, so a single per-pixel alpha can’t represent the output correctly at glyph edges and fractional image boundaries. Splitting alpha per-channel gives each subpixel its own Porter-Duff state: paints accumulate independently through the same premultiplied src-over math you’d use for a normal RGBA surface, just three streams instead of one. A cached LcdBuffer with partial coverage can be composited onto any destination without the “black rect where unpainted” failure mode that killed the first-cut design.

Implementations

impl LcdBuffer

pub fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Self

Allocate a fully-transparent buffer (color zero, alpha zero everywhere). “Transparent” here means the per-channel alpha is 0, so composite-onto-destination leaves the destination unchanged wherever no paint has landed yet.

pub fn width(&self) -> u32

pub fn height(&self) -> u32

pub fn color_plane(&self) -> &[u8]

pub fn alpha_plane(&self) -> &[u8]

pub fn color_plane_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8]

pub fn alpha_plane_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8]

pub fn planes_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut [u8], &mut [u8])

Both planes mutably in one borrow — for inner loops that update a pixel’s colour and alpha together (image blit, manual composite).

pub fn into_planes(self) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)

Consume the buffer, returning the owned (color, alpha) planes as a pair — used when moving the painted pixels into Arcs for a widget’s backbuffer cache or for GPU texture upload.

pub fn color_plane_flipped(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Top-row-first copy of the colour plane, suitable for a plain RGB8 upload or CPU blit. Row 0 of the output is the VISUAL top of the buffer (Y-up → Y-down flip).

pub fn alpha_plane_flipped(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Top-row-first copy of the alpha plane.

pub fn to_rgba8_top_down_collapsed(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Collapse both planes into a single top-row-first straight-alpha RGBA8 image suitable for the existing blit pipeline (one texture, standard SRC_ALPHA, ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA blend).

The per-channel alphas get collapsed to a single per-pixel alpha via max(R_alpha, G_alpha, B_alpha); RGB is recovered by dividing the premult colour by that max alpha (straight-alpha form). This conversion is lossy when the three subpixel alphas diverge (the whole point of the per-channel representation is lost under collapse). It’s correct for typical monochrome-text cases where all three alphas agree, and degrades gracefully otherwise — Phase 5.2’s two-plane blit path preserves the full per-channel information through upload and shader.

pub fn clear(&mut self, color: Color)

Fill the entire buffer with a solid colour. Every subpixel gets the same premultiplied colour contribution and the same alpha — a flat clear has no per-subpixel differentiation, so the three alpha channels are all set to color.a and the three colour channels to color.rgb * color.a.

pub fn fill_path( &mut self, path: &mut PathStorage, color: Color, transform: &TransAffine, clip: Option<(f64, f64, f64, f64)>, fill_rule: FillRule, )

Fill an AGG path through the LCD pipeline: rasterize at 3× X resolution → 5-tap filter → per-channel src-over composite into this buffer. transform is applied to path before the 3× X scale (typically the caller’s CTM); the path’s coordinates are in the buffer’s pixel space (Y-up, origin = bottom-left). Optional clip is a screen-space rect (post-CTM, in mask pixel coords) — pixels outside it are unaffected.

First non-text primitive on the buffer. Future fill / stroke / image-blit entry points either call this directly (for solid fills / outlines) or open their own LcdMaskBuilder scope when they need to batch many paths into one mask.

First-cut implementation: rasterizes at the buffer’s full size. A later optimization can compute the path’s bbox and size the scratch tightly — measurable win for small paths in large buffers, but architecturally identical and not required for correctness.

pub fn composite_mask( &mut self, mask: &LcdMask, src: Color, dst_x: i32, dst_y: i32, clip: Option<(i32, i32, i32, i32)>, )

Composite an LcdMask into this buffer using per-channel premultiplied Porter-Duff src-over. Each subpixel column’s effective alpha is src.a × mask.channel_coverage, and colour + alpha both accumulate under the standard premult src-over:

eff_a_c        = src.a * mask.c
buf.color_c   := src.c * eff_a_c + buf.color_c * (1 - eff_a_c)
buf.alpha_c   := eff_a_c         + buf.alpha_c * (1 - eff_a_c)

(dst_x, dst_y) is the mask’s bottom-left in this buffer’s Y-up pixel grid; mask row my writes to buffer row dst_y + my. Optional clip (in this buffer’s integer pixel coords: (x1, y1, x2, y2), half-open) suppresses writes outside its bounds — used by widgets that paint inside a clipping parent.

pub fn composite_mask_with_color<F>( &mut self, mask: &LcdMask, dst_x: i32, dst_y: i32, clip: Option<(i32, i32, i32, i32)>, color_at: F, )

where F: FnMut(i32, i32) -> Color,

Composite an LcdMask using a per-pixel source colour callback.

The callback receives destination pixel coordinates in this buffer’s Y-up pixel space. This keeps the LCD coverage pipeline shared for solid and gradient fills while allowing colour to vary across the mask.

pub fn composite_buffer( &mut self, src: &LcdBuffer, dst_x: i32, dst_y: i32, clip: Option<(i32, i32, i32, i32)>, )

Composite src onto this buffer at offset (dst_x, dst_y) via per-channel premultiplied src-over — the buffer-level analogue of Self::composite_mask. Each of the three subpixel columns applies src.ch_alpha as its own Porter-Duff weight:

buf.color_c := src.color_c + buf.color_c * (1 - src.alpha_c)
buf.alpha_c := src.alpha_c + buf.alpha_c * (1 - src.alpha_c)

Untouched source pixels (alpha zero on every channel) don’t change the buffer at all — exactly the semantic that makes a popped layer leave unpainted areas alone, no seed trick needed.