zpdf_document/

font_loader.rs

use zpdf_core::{ObjectId, PdfObject, Result};
use zpdf_font::{CidWidths, FontCache, LoadedFont, PdfFontType};
use zpdf_parser::PdfFile;

use crate::page::PdfPage;

/// Load all fonts referenced by a page into a FontCache.
pub fn load_page_fonts(file: &PdfFile, page: &PdfPage) -> FontCache {
    let mut cache = FontCache::new();
    let max_bytes = file.limits().max_font_cache_bytes;

    for (name, &font_ref) in &page.resources.fonts {
        match load_single_font(file, font_ref) {
            Ok(font) => {
                if cache
                    .try_insert_with_limit(name.clone(), font, max_bytes)
                    .is_none()
                {
                    tracing::warn!(
                        "font cache byte limit ({max_bytes}) or ID capacity reached; using placeholder for {name}"
                    );
                    let _ = cache.try_insert_with_limit(
                        name.clone(),
                        LoadedFont::new_placeholder(name.clone()),
                        max_bytes,
                    );
                }
            }
            Err(e) => {
                tracing::debug!("font {name} ({font_ref}): fallback - {e}");
                let _ = cache.try_insert_with_limit(
                    name.clone(),
                    LoadedFont::new_placeholder(name.clone()),
                    max_bytes,
                );
            }
        }
    }

    cache
}

pub fn load_single_font(file: &PdfFile, font_ref: ObjectId) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    let obj = file.resolve(font_ref)?;
    let dict = obj.as_dict()?;
    load_single_font_dict(file, dict)
}

/// Load a font from its (already-resolved) font dictionary. Used both by
/// [`load_single_font`] and for inline font dicts in form resources (e.g. a
/// synthesized field appearance referencing a standard Helvetica).
pub fn load_single_font_dict(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    let subtype = dict.get_name("Subtype").unwrap_or("");
    let base_font = dict.get_name("BaseFont").unwrap_or("Unknown").to_string();

    let mut font = match subtype {
        "Type0" => load_type0_font(file, dict, base_font)?,
        "TrueType" => load_truetype_font(file, dict, base_font)?,
        "Type3" => load_type3_font(file, dict, base_font)?,
        "Type1" | "MMType1" => load_type1_font(file, dict, base_font)?,
        _ => LoadedFont::new_placeholder(base_font),
    };

    attach_text_mappings(file, dict, subtype, &mut font);
    // A substituted composite font needs /ToUnicode (attached just above) to
    // route CIDs through the system face's Unicode cmap.
    font.build_substitute_cid_to_gid();
    // FontDescriptor weight/width/slant → variation axes (variable fonts only).
    apply_descriptor_variations(file, dict, &mut font);
    Ok(font)
}

/// FontDescriptor-derived hints for system-font substitution.
fn substitute_hints(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
) -> zpdf_font::system::SubstituteHints {
    let mut hints = zpdf_font::system::SubstituteHints::default();
    // /FontDescriptor must be indirect per spec, but AutoCAD and other producers
    // inline it; resolve_dict accepts both forms.
    if let Some(fd) = resolve_dict(file, dict, "FontDescriptor") {
        if let Ok(flags) = fd.get_i64("Flags") {
            hints.fixed_pitch = flags & 1 != 0;
            hints.serif = flags & 2 != 0;
            hints.italic = flags & 64 != 0;
            hints.bold = flags & (1 << 18) != 0; // ForceBold
        }
        if let Ok(w) = fd.get_f64("StemV") {
            hints.bold |= w >= 160.0;
        }
    }
    hints
}

/// Try to substitute an installed system font for a non-embedded simple font.
/// The PDF /Widths stay authoritative for advances when present; otherwise the
/// standard-14 metrics (if the name matches one) seed the widths.
fn try_system_substitute_simple(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: &str,
    font_type: PdfFontType,
    mut cid_widths: CidWidths,
) -> Option<LoadedFont> {
    let hints = substitute_hints(file, dict);
    let m = zpdf_font::system::find_system_font(base_font, hints, None)?;
    if cid_widths.is_empty() {
        if let Some(metrics) = zpdf_font::standard_fonts::lookup(base_font) {
            for (code, &w) in metrics.widths.iter().enumerate() {
                if w > 0 {
                    cid_widths.set(code as u16, w as f64);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    LoadedFont::new_substitute(
        font_type,
        base_font.to_string(),
        m.data,
        m.face_index,
        cid_widths,
    )
}

/// Attach the simple-font /Encoding, the symbolic flag, and /ToUnicode (for
/// text extraction) to a freshly-loaded font.
fn attach_text_mappings(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    subtype: &str,
    font: &mut LoadedFont,
) {
    // /ToUnicode lives at the top-level font dict for both simple and Type0 fonts.
    if let Ok(tu_ref) = dict.get_ref("ToUnicode") {
        if let Ok(data) = file.resolve_stream_data(tu_ref) {
            let map = zpdf_font::cmap::ToUnicodeMap::parse(&data);
            if !map.is_empty() {
                font.to_unicode = Some(map);
            }
        }
    }

    // /Encoding and the symbolic flag apply only to simple (non-composite) fonts.
    if subtype == "Type0" {
        return;
    }

    font.symbolic = font_descriptor_symbolic(file, dict);

    let encoding = if dict.get("Encoding").is_none() {
        // No explicit /Encoding: the Symbol/ZapfDingbats standard fonts carry their
        // own built-in encoding; other symbolic fonts use the font program's cmap.
        builtin_symbol_encoding(&font.base_font)
            .or_else(|| parse_encoding(file, dict, subtype, font.symbolic))
    } else {
        parse_encoding(file, dict, subtype, font.symbolic)
    };
    if let Some(enc) = encoding {
        font.encoding = Some(enc);
    }

    // With encoding and widths in place, recover Quartz-subset glyphs that are
    // reachable through no declared encoding (charset entries named ".notdef").
    font.map_unencoded_orphans();
}

/// The built-in encoding for the Symbol / ZapfDingbats standard fonts, matched by
/// BaseFont (ignoring any subset prefix). Used when no explicit /Encoding is given,
/// so symbolic Symbol/Dingbats text is still extractable via the glyph list.
fn builtin_symbol_encoding(base_font: &str) -> Option<zpdf_font::encoding::Encoding> {
    use zpdf_font::encoding::{base_encoding_by_name, Encoding};
    let name = base_font.rsplit('+').next().unwrap_or(base_font);
    let canonical = if name.contains("ZapfDingbats") || name.contains("Dingbats") {
        "ZapfDingbats"
    } else if name.contains("Symbol") {
        "Symbol"
    } else {
        return None;
    };
    base_encoding_by_name(canonical).map(Encoding::from_base)
}

/// Read the FontDescriptor /Flags and decide whether the font is symbolic
/// (bit 3 set, bit 6 clear).
fn font_descriptor_symbolic(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> bool {
    let flags = resolve_dict(file, dict, "FontDescriptor").and_then(|d| d.get_i64("Flags").ok());
    matches!(flags, Some(f) if (f & 4) != 0 && (f & 32) == 0)
}

/// Resolve the FontDescriptor dict carrying the embedded program's metadata,
/// handling the Type0 indirection (the descriptor lives on the descendant
/// CIDFont, not the top-level Type0 dict).
fn font_descriptor_dict(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> Option<zpdf_core::PdfDict> {
    let host = if dict.get_name("Subtype").unwrap_or("") == "Type0" {
        let descendants = resolve_array(file, dict, "DescendantFonts")?;
        descendant_cid_dict(file, &descendants)?
    } else {
        dict.clone()
    };
    resolve_dict(file, &host, "FontDescriptor")
}

/// The first /DescendantFonts entry as a dict. The spec requires an indirect
/// reference, but AutoCAD and other producers inline the CIDFont dict directly
/// in the array; accept both forms.
fn descendant_cid_dict(file: &PdfFile, descendants: &[PdfObject]) -> Option<zpdf_core::PdfDict> {
    match descendants.first()? {
        PdfObject::Dict(d) => Some(d.clone()),
        PdfObject::Ref(r) => file.resolve(*r).ok()?.as_dict().ok().cloned(),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Map a `/FontStretch` name to its OpenType `wdth`-axis percentage (Table 122).
fn font_stretch_pct(name: &str) -> Option<f64> {
    Some(match name {
        "UltraCondensed" => 50.0,
        "ExtraCondensed" => 62.5,
        "Condensed" => 75.0,
        "SemiCondensed" => 87.5,
        "Normal" => 100.0,
        "SemiExpanded" => 112.5,
        "Expanded" => 125.0,
        "ExtraExpanded" => 150.0,
        "UltraExpanded" => 200.0,
        _ => return None,
    })
}

/// Drive a variable font's OpenType axes from the FontDescriptor's selectors
/// (`/FontWeight`→`wght`, `/FontStretch`→`wdth`, `/ItalicAngle`→`slnt`, Italic
/// flag→`ital`). A no-op for static fonts (the axes simply do not exist), so it
/// is applied to every font; the common selector-less font is left untouched.
fn apply_descriptor_variations(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict, font: &mut LoadedFont) {
    let Some(fd) = font_descriptor_dict(file, dict) else {
        return;
    };
    let weight = fd.get_f64("FontWeight").ok();
    let width_pct = fd.get_name("FontStretch").ok().and_then(font_stretch_pct);
    let italic_angle = fd.get_f64("ItalicAngle").ok();
    let italic = fd.get_i64("Flags").map(|f| f & 64 != 0).unwrap_or(false);
    if weight.is_some() || width_pct.is_some() || italic_angle.is_some() || italic {
        font.set_variations(weight, width_pct, italic_angle, italic);
    }
}

/// Build the effective simple-font encoding from /Encoding (a name, a dict with
/// /BaseEncoding + /Differences, or absent).
fn parse_encoding(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    subtype: &str,
    symbolic: bool,
) -> Option<zpdf_font::encoding::Encoding> {
    use zpdf_font::encoding::{base_encoding_by_name, Encoding};

    let enc_obj = match dict.get("Encoding").cloned() {
        Some(PdfObject::Ref(r)) => file.resolve(r).ok(),
        other => other,
    };

    match enc_obj {
        Some(PdfObject::Name(n)) => base_encoding_by_name(n.as_str()).map(Encoding::from_base),
        Some(PdfObject::Dict(enc_dict)) => {
            let base = enc_dict
                .get_name("BaseEncoding")
                .ok()
                .and_then(base_encoding_by_name)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| default_simple_base(subtype));
            let mut encoding = Encoding::from_base(base);
            apply_differences(&enc_dict, &mut encoding);
            Some(encoding)
        }
        // No /Encoding: symbolic fonts use their built-in cmap; others get a default.
        _ if symbolic => None,
        _ => Some(Encoding::from_base(default_simple_base(subtype))),
    }
}

fn default_simple_base(subtype: &str) -> &'static zpdf_font::encoding::EncodingTable {
    match subtype {
        "TrueType" => &zpdf_font::encoding::WIN_ANSI_ENCODING,
        _ => &zpdf_font::encoding::STANDARD_ENCODING,
    }
}

fn apply_differences(enc_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict, encoding: &mut zpdf_font::encoding::Encoding) {
    if let Ok(diffs) = enc_dict.get_array("Differences") {
        let mut code = Some(0u16);
        for obj in diffs {
            match obj {
                PdfObject::Integer(n) => code = u8::try_from(*n).ok().map(u16::from),
                PdfObject::Name(name) => {
                    if let Some(current) = code {
                        encoding.apply_difference(current as u8, name.as_str());
                        code = current.checked_add(1).filter(|&next| next <= 255);
                    }
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Resolve a Type0 font's /Encoding into a code → CID CMap: a predefined
/// name, or an embedded CMap stream. Unknown legacy CMaps fall back to
/// Identity-H with a warning.
fn parse_type0_encoding(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> zpdf_font::cmap::CidCMap {
    use zpdf_font::cmap::CidCMap;
    // Unknown (legacy byte-encoded) CMaps degrade to Identity, but the
    // writing mode is still known from the -V suffix and kept.
    fn identity_fallback(name: &str) -> CidCMap {
        let wmode = name.ends_with("-V") as u8;
        tracing::warn!(
            "unsupported predefined CMap {name}; using Identity-{}",
            if wmode == 1 { "V" } else { "H" }
        );
        CidCMap::identity(wmode)
    }
    match dict.get("Encoding") {
        Some(PdfObject::Name(n)) => {
            CidCMap::predefined(n.as_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| identity_fallback(n.as_str()))
        }
        Some(PdfObject::Ref(r)) => match file.resolve(*r) {
            Ok(PdfObject::Name(n)) => {
                CidCMap::predefined(n.as_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| identity_fallback(n.as_str()))
            }
            Ok(PdfObject::Stream(s)) => {
                let data = file.resolve_stream_data(*r).or_else(|_| {
                    zpdf_parser::filters::decode_stream_with_limits(&s.data, &s.dict, file.limits())
                });
                let mut cmap = match data {
                    Ok(d) => CidCMap::parse(&d),
                    Err(e) => {
                        tracing::warn!("undecodable embedded CMap: {e}; using Identity-H");
                        CidCMap::identity(0)
                    }
                };
                // /WMode may also live on the stream dict.
                if let Ok(1) = s.dict.get_i64("WMode") {
                    cmap.wmode = 1;
                }
                cmap
            }
            _ => CidCMap::identity(0),
        },
        _ => CidCMap::identity(0),
    }
}

/// /DW2 vertical metrics from a CID font dict: [vy w1y], default [880 −1000].
fn parse_dw2(file: &PdfFile, desc_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> (f64, f64) {
    resolve_array(file, desc_dict, "DW2")
        .and_then(|arr| {
            let v: Vec<f64> = arr.iter().filter_map(|o| o.as_f64().ok()).collect();
            (v.len() >= 2).then(|| (v[0], v[1]))
        })
        .unwrap_or((880.0, -1000.0))
}

fn load_type0_font(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: String,
) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    // /DescendantFonts is commonly an indirect reference to the array.
    let descendants = resolve_array(file, dict, "DescendantFonts")
        .ok_or_else(|| zpdf_core::Error::MissingKey("DescendantFonts".into()))?;
    // /DescendantFonts is commonly an indirect reference to the array; the
    // CIDFont entry itself may also be inlined (AutoCAD) instead of a ref.
    let desc_dict = descendant_cid_dict(file, &descendants)
        .ok_or_else(|| zpdf_core::Error::MissingKey("DescendantFonts[0]".into()))?;
    let desc_dict = &desc_dict;

    let mut cid_widths = parse_cid_widths(file, desc_dict);
    parse_cid_w2(file, desc_dict, &mut cid_widths);
    let cmap = parse_type0_encoding(file, dict);
    let dw2 = parse_dw2(file, desc_dict);

    let font_data = extract_font_file(file, desc_dict);

    let mut font = match font_data {
        Some(data) => {
            let mut font = LoadedFont::new_with_data(
                PdfFontType::Type0CidType2,
                base_font.clone(),
                data,
                cid_widths.clone(),
            );
            // /CIDToGIDMap stream: explicit CID → GID table, authoritative for
            // CIDFontType2 (TrueType-based) descendants. A raw-CFF CIDFontType0
            // descendant keeps its charset-derived map built in new_with_data —
            // there /CIDToGIDMap is not even a legal key.
            if let Some(map) = parse_cid_to_gid_stream(file, desc_dict) {
                let subtype = desc_dict.get_name("Subtype").unwrap_or("");
                if subtype == "CIDFontType2" || font.cid_to_gid.is_none() {
                    font.cid_to_gid = Some(map);
                }
            }
            // Some embedded CID-keyed CFF subsets are defective and cannot be
            // outlined (unparseable per-FD Private DICTs strand the local subrs),
            // so most glyphs render blank. When the font is identifiably CJK and
            // the embedded program fails to outline most sampled glyphs, fall
            // back to a system CJK face (glyphs then route CID→Unicode→GID via
            // /ToUnicode, attached later in load_single_font).
            let cjk = is_cjk_ordering(desc_ordering(file, desc_dict).as_deref())
                || zpdf_font::system::cjk_ordering_for(&base_font).is_some();
            if cjk && font.embedded_outline_failure_rate() > 0.5 {
                if let Some(sub) = substitute_type0_font(file, desc_dict, &base_font, cid_widths) {
                    font = sub;
                }
            }
            font
        }
        None => {
            // Non-embedded composite font (typically CJK): substitute a system
            // face. CIDs are remapped through /ToUnicode once it is attached
            // (see build_substitute_cid_to_gid in load_single_font).
            substitute_type0_font(file, desc_dict, &base_font, cid_widths)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| LoadedFont::new_placeholder(base_font))
        }
    };
    font.cid_cmap = Some(cmap);
    font.dw2 = dw2;
    // A Unicode-coded CMap is only usable when the font program can resolve
    // Unicode; otherwise fall back to Identity (codes pass through as CIDs).
    font.validate_cid_cmap();
    Ok(font)
}

/// The descendant CIDFont's `/CIDSystemInfo /Ordering` (e.g. "GB1", "Identity").
fn desc_ordering(file: &PdfFile, desc_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> Option<String> {
    resolve_dict(file, desc_dict, "CIDSystemInfo").and_then(|csi| match csi.get("Ordering") {
        Some(PdfObject::String(s)) => Some(s.to_string_lossy()),
        Some(PdfObject::Name(n)) => Some(n.as_str().to_string()),
        _ => None,
    })
}

/// A registered CJK character-collection ordering (not Adobe-Identity).
fn is_cjk_ordering(ordering: Option<&str>) -> bool {
    matches!(ordering, Some("GB1" | "CNS1" | "Japan1" | "Korea1" | "KR"))
}

/// Build a system-font substitute for a composite (Type0) font, carrying over
/// the PDF's authoritative /W advances. Returns `None` when no installed face
/// matches (caller keeps the embedded font or a placeholder).
fn substitute_type0_font(
    file: &PdfFile,
    desc_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: &str,
    cid_widths: CidWidths,
) -> Option<LoadedFont> {
    let ordering = desc_ordering(file, desc_dict);
    let hints = substitute_hints(file, desc_dict);
    zpdf_font::system::find_system_font(base_font, hints, ordering.as_deref()).and_then(|m| {
        LoadedFont::new_substitute(
            PdfFontType::Type0CidType2,
            base_font.to_string(),
            m.data,
            m.face_index,
            cid_widths,
        )
    })
}

/// Decode a /CIDToGIDMap stream into a CID → GID table: two bytes per CID,
/// big-endian, indexed by CID. Returns `None` for /Identity, absence, or any
/// non-stream form, which keeps the identity (or charset-derived) behavior.
/// CIDs mapped to GID 0 (.notdef) are omitted — `glyph_outline` treats a
/// missing entry as "no glyph", which matches the spec semantics.
fn parse_cid_to_gid_stream(
    file: &PdfFile,
    desc_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
) -> Option<std::collections::HashMap<u16, u16>> {
    let stream_ref = match desc_dict.get("CIDToGIDMap") {
        Some(PdfObject::Ref(r)) => *r,
        // /Identity (the common name form), absent, or malformed.
        _ => return None,
    };
    let data = match file.resolve_stream_data(stream_ref) {
        Ok(d) => d,
        Err(e) => {
            // e.g. an indirect /Identity name, or an undecodable stream.
            tracing::debug!("CIDToGIDMap {stream_ref}: not a decodable stream - {e}");
            return None;
        }
    };
    let mut map = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    for (cid, gid_bytes) in data.chunks_exact(2).enumerate().take(u16::MAX as usize + 1) {
        let gid = u16::from_be_bytes([gid_bytes[0], gid_bytes[1]]);
        if gid != 0 {
            map.insert(cid as u16, gid);
        }
    }
    if map.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(map)
    }
}

fn load_truetype_font(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: String,
) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    let cid_widths = parse_simple_widths(file, dict);
    let font_data = extract_font_file_from_descriptor(file, dict);

    match font_data {
        Some(data) => Ok(LoadedFont::new_with_data(
            PdfFontType::TrueType,
            base_font,
            data,
            cid_widths,
        )),
        None => Ok(try_system_substitute_simple(
            file,
            dict,
            &base_font,
            PdfFontType::TrueType,
            cid_widths,
        )
        .or_else(|| LoadedFont::new_standard(base_font.clone()))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| LoadedFont::new_placeholder(base_font))),
    }
}

fn type3_differences(diffs: &[PdfObject]) -> Vec<String> {
    let mut encoding = Vec::new();
    let mut current = Some(0usize);
    for obj in diffs {
        match obj {
            PdfObject::Integer(n) => {
                current = usize::try_from(*n).ok().filter(|&code| code <= 255);
            }
            PdfObject::Name(name) => {
                let Some(code) = current else { continue };
                encoding.resize(code + 1, String::new());
                encoding[code] = name.0.clone();
                current = code.checked_add(1).filter(|&next| next <= 255);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    encoding
}

fn load_type3_font(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: String,
) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    use std::sync::Arc;

    // All four Type3 keys are commonly emitted as indirect objects; a direct-only
    // read would silently drop every glyph, so resolve one level of indirection.

    // FontMatrix: typically [0.001 0 0 -0.001 0 0] for 1000-unit glyph space
    let font_matrix = {
        let mut m = [0.001, 0.0, 0.0, -0.001, 0.0, 0.0];
        if let Some(arr) = resolve_array(file, dict, "FontMatrix") {
            for (i, obj) in arr.iter().enumerate().take(6) {
                if let Ok(v) = obj.as_f64() {
                    m[i] = v;
                }
            }
        }
        m
    };

    // Encoding/Differences → glyph name list
    let mut encoding = Vec::new();
    if let Some(enc_dict) = resolve_dict(file, dict, "Encoding") {
        if let Some(diffs) = resolve_array(file, &enc_dict, "Differences") {
            encoding = type3_differences(&diffs);
        }
    }

    // CharProcs: name → stream ref
    let mut char_procs = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    let encoded_names: std::collections::HashSet<&str> = encoding
        .iter()
        .map(String::as_str)
        .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
        .collect();
    if let Some(cp_dict) = resolve_dict(file, dict, "CharProcs") {
        for (name, obj) in &cp_dict.0 {
            if char_procs.len() >= encoded_names.len() {
                break;
            }
            if !encoded_names.contains(name.as_str()) {
                continue;
            }
            if let PdfObject::Ref(r) = obj {
                if let Ok(data) = file.resolve_stream_data(*r) {
                    char_procs.insert(name.0.clone(), Arc::from(data));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Widths
    let first_char = dict
        .get_i64("FirstChar")
        .ok()
        .and_then(|n| u8::try_from(n).ok())
        .map(u16::from)
        .unwrap_or(0);
    let widths: Vec<f64> = resolve_array(file, dict, "Widths")
        .unwrap_or_default()
        .iter()
        .take(256)
        .map(|o| o.as_f64().unwrap_or(0.0))
        .collect();

    let font = LoadedFont {
        font_type: zpdf_font::PdfFontType::Type3 {
            font_matrix,
            char_procs,
            encoding,
            widths,
            first_char,
        },
        base_font,
        font_data: None,
        face_index: 0,
        is_substitute: false,
        cid_widths: CidWidths::new(1000.0),
        units_per_em: 1000.0,
        ascent: 880.0,
        descent: -120.0,
        cid_to_gid: None,
        builtin_encoding_gids: None,
        orphan_gids: Vec::new(),
        encoding: None,
        to_unicode: None,
        symbolic: false,
        type1: None,
        cid_cmap: None,
        dw2: (880.0, -1000.0),
        variations: Vec::new(),
    };

    Ok(font)
}

fn load_type1_font(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    base_font: String,
) -> Result<LoadedFont> {
    let cid_widths = parse_simple_widths(file, dict);
    let font_data = extract_font_file_from_descriptor(file, dict);

    match font_data {
        Some(data) => Ok(LoadedFont::new_with_data(
            PdfFontType::Type1,
            base_font,
            data,
            cid_widths,
        )),
        None => Ok(try_system_substitute_simple(
            file,
            dict,
            &base_font,
            PdfFontType::Type1,
            cid_widths,
        )
        .or_else(|| LoadedFont::new_standard(base_font.clone()))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| LoadedFont::new_placeholder(base_font))),
    }
}

/// Extract embedded font binary from FontDescriptor → FontFile2 (TrueType).
fn extract_font_file(file: &PdfFile, cid_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
    let fd_dict = resolve_dict(file, cid_dict, "FontDescriptor")?;

    // Try FontFile2 (TrueType), then FontFile3 (OpenType/CFF), then FontFile (Type1)
    for key in &["FontFile2", "FontFile3", "FontFile"] {
        if let Ok(ff_ref) = fd_dict.get_ref(key) {
            if let Ok(data) = file.resolve_stream_data(ff_ref) {
                if !data.is_empty() {
                    return Some(data);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    None
}

fn extract_font_file_from_descriptor(
    file: &PdfFile,
    font_dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
    let fd_dict = resolve_dict(file, font_dict, "FontDescriptor")?;

    for key in &["FontFile2", "FontFile3", "FontFile"] {
        if let Ok(ff_ref) = fd_dict.get_ref(key) {
            if let Ok(data) = file.resolve_stream_data(ff_ref) {
                if !data.is_empty() {
                    return Some(data);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    None
}

/// Fetch an array value, resolving one level of indirect reference. pdftex (and
/// many other producers) commonly emit `/Widths` and `/W` as indirect objects,
/// which a plain `get_array` would miss (leaving every glyph at the default width).
fn resolve_array(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict, key: &str) -> Option<Vec<PdfObject>> {
    match dict.get(key) {
        Some(PdfObject::Array(a)) => Some(a.clone()),
        Some(PdfObject::Ref(id)) => file
            .resolve(*id)
            .ok()
            .and_then(|o| o.as_array().ok().map(|a| a.to_vec())),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Fetch a dictionary value, resolving one level of indirect reference, in the
/// same spirit as [`resolve_array`] (Type3 producers commonly emit /CharProcs
/// and /Encoding as indirect objects).
fn resolve_dict(
    file: &PdfFile,
    dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict,
    key: &str,
) -> Option<zpdf_core::PdfDict> {
    match dict.get(key) {
        Some(PdfObject::Dict(d)) => Some(d.clone()),
        Some(PdfObject::Ref(id)) => file
            .resolve(*id)
            .ok()
            .and_then(|o| o.as_dict().ok().cloned()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Parse CID /W array: format is [cid [w1 w2 ...]] or [cid_first cid_last w]
fn parse_cid_widths(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> CidWidths {
    let dw = dict.get_f64("DW").unwrap_or(1000.0);
    let mut widths = CidWidths::new(dw);

    let w_array = match resolve_array(file, dict, "W") {
        Some(arr) => arr,
        None => return widths,
    };

    let mut i = 0;
    while i < w_array.len() {
        let cid_start = match w_array[i].as_i64().ok().and_then(|v| u16::try_from(v).ok()) {
            Some(v) => v,
            None => break,
        };
        i += 1;
        if i >= w_array.len() {
            break;
        }

        // In the `[cid [w1 w2 ...]]` form the width sub-array is frequently an
        // *indirect* reference (AutoCAD/nanoCAD export /W this way). Resolve one
        // level so the `PdfObject::Array` arm below sees it; otherwise the entry
        // fell through to `_ => i += 1`, the sub-array was skipped, and every CID
        // in the range silently defaulted to /DW — breaking advances (and thus
        // inter-glyph spacing), so the text drifts.
        let resolved = if let PdfObject::Ref(id) = &w_array[i] {
            file.resolve(*id).ok()
        } else {
            None
        };
        let entry = resolved.as_ref().unwrap_or(&w_array[i]);

        match entry {
            PdfObject::Array(arr) => {
                // [cid_start [w1 w2 w3 ...]]
                for (j, obj) in arr.iter().enumerate() {
                    let Some(cid) = u16::try_from(j)
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(|delta| cid_start.checked_add(delta))
                    else {
                        break;
                    };
                    if let Ok(w) = obj.as_f64() {
                        widths.set(cid, w);
                    }
                }
                i += 1;
            }
            PdfObject::Integer(_) | PdfObject::Real(_) => {
                // [cid_start cid_end width]
                let cid_end = entry
                    .as_i64()
                    .ok()
                    .and_then(|v| u16::try_from(v).ok())
                    .unwrap_or(cid_start);
                i += 1;
                if i < w_array.len() {
                    let w = w_array[i].as_f64().unwrap_or(dw);
                    for cid in cid_start..=cid_end {
                        widths.set(cid, w);
                    }
                    i += 1;
                }
            }
            _ => {
                i += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    widths
}

/// Parse the CID /W2 array (PDF 9.7.4.3) into per-CID vertical metrics.
/// Two element forms, mirroring /W but with THREE numbers per glyph:
///   `c [ w1y_1 vx_1 vy_1  w1y_2 vx_2 vy_2 ... ]`   (list form)
///   `cFirst cLast w1y vx vy`                         (range form)
/// where `w1y` is the vertical displacement and `(vx, vy)` the position vector.
fn parse_cid_w2(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict, widths: &mut CidWidths) {
    if let Some(arr) = resolve_array(file, dict, "W2") {
        apply_w2_array(&arr, widths);
    }
}

fn apply_w2_array(w2_array: &[PdfObject], widths: &mut CidWidths) {
    let mut i = 0;
    while i < w2_array.len() {
        let cid_start = match w2_array[i]
            .as_i64()
            .ok()
            .and_then(|v| u16::try_from(v).ok())
        {
            Some(v) => v,
            None => break,
        };
        i += 1;
        if i >= w2_array.len() {
            break;
        }

        match &w2_array[i] {
            PdfObject::Array(arr) => {
                // List form: triples (w1y, vx, vy) starting at cid_start.
                let mut k = 0;
                while k + 2 < arr.len() {
                    let (Ok(w1y), Ok(vx), Ok(vy)) =
                        (arr[k].as_f64(), arr[k + 1].as_f64(), arr[k + 2].as_f64())
                    else {
                        break;
                    };
                    let Some(cid) = u16::try_from(k / 3)
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(|delta| cid_start.checked_add(delta))
                    else {
                        break;
                    };
                    widths.set_v(cid, w1y, vx, vy);
                    k += 3;
                }
                i += 1;
            }
            PdfObject::Integer(_) | PdfObject::Real(_) => {
                // Range form: cFirst cLast w1y vx vy.
                let cid_end = w2_array[i]
                    .as_i64()
                    .ok()
                    .and_then(|v| u16::try_from(v).ok())
                    .unwrap_or(cid_start);
                if i + 3 < w2_array.len() {
                    let (Ok(w1y), Ok(vx), Ok(vy)) = (
                        w2_array[i + 1].as_f64(),
                        w2_array[i + 2].as_f64(),
                        w2_array[i + 3].as_f64(),
                    ) else {
                        break;
                    };
                    for cid in cid_start..=cid_end {
                        widths.set_v(cid, w1y, vx, vy);
                    }
                    i += 4;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            _ => {
                i += 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

fn parse_simple_widths(file: &PdfFile, dict: &zpdf_core::PdfDict) -> CidWidths {
    let first_char = dict
        .get_i64("FirstChar")
        .ok()
        .and_then(|v| u8::try_from(v).ok())
        .map(u16::from)
        .unwrap_or(0);
    let mut widths = CidWidths::new(1000.0);

    if let Some(arr) = resolve_array(file, dict, "Widths") {
        for (j, obj) in arr.iter().take(256).enumerate() {
            let Some(code) = u16::try_from(j)
                .ok()
                .and_then(|delta| first_char.checked_add(delta))
                .filter(|&code| code <= 255)
            else {
                break;
            };
            if let Ok(w) = obj.as_f64() {
                widths.set(code, w);
            }
        }
    }

    widths
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn int(v: i64) -> PdfObject {
        PdfObject::Integer(v)
    }
    fn real(v: f64) -> PdfObject {
        PdfObject::Real(v)
    }

    #[test]
    fn w2_list_form_assigns_consecutive_cids() {
        // 120 [w1y vx vy  w1y vx vy] → CIDs 120 and 121.
        let arr = vec![
            int(120),
            PdfObject::Array(vec![
                real(-1000.0),
                real(500.0),
                real(880.0),
                int(-900),
                int(450),
                int(820),
            ]),
        ];
        let mut w = CidWidths::new(1000.0);
        apply_w2_array(&arr, &mut w);
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(120), Some((-1000.0, 500.0, 880.0)));
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(121), Some((-900.0, 450.0, 820.0)));
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(122), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn w2_range_form_assigns_inclusive_range() {
        // cFirst cLast w1y vx vy
        let arr = vec![int(10), int(12), int(-1000), int(500), int(880)];
        let mut w = CidWidths::new(1000.0);
        apply_w2_array(&arr, &mut w);
        for cid in 10..=12 {
            assert_eq!(w.get_v(cid), Some((-1000.0, 500.0, 880.0)));
        }
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(9), None);
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(13), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn w2_truncated_entry_is_ignored_not_panic() {
        // Range header without the trailing metric numbers must not panic.
        let arr = vec![int(10), int(12), int(-1000)];
        let mut w = CidWidths::new(1000.0);
        apply_w2_array(&arr, &mut w);
        assert_eq!(w.get_v(10), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn type3_differences_reject_out_of_range_codes_without_growth() {
        let name = |s: &str| PdfObject::Name(zpdf_core::PdfName::new(s));
        let diffs = vec![
            int(-1),
            name("ignored-negative"),
            int(i64::MAX),
            name("ignored-huge"),
            int(255),
            name("last"),
            name("past-end"),
        ];
        let encoding = type3_differences(&diffs);
        assert_eq!(encoding.len(), 256);
        assert_eq!(encoding[255], "last");
    }

    #[test]
    fn simple_differences_do_not_overflow_after_huge_code() {
        let mut dict = zpdf_core::PdfDict::new();
        dict.insert(
            zpdf_core::PdfName::new("Differences"),
            PdfObject::Array(vec![
                int(i64::MAX),
                PdfObject::Name(zpdf_core::PdfName::new("ignored")),
            ]),
        );
        let mut encoding =
            zpdf_font::encoding::Encoding::from_base(&zpdf_font::encoding::STANDARD_ENCODING);
        apply_differences(&dict, &mut encoding);
    }
}