zoi_resolver/

resolve.rs

//! Main dependency resolution logic.
//!
//! This module implements the core resolution algorithm for Zoi, handling
//! various source types (registries, local files, URLs, Git repositories)
//! and version specifications.

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fs;
use std::io::Read;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
use colored::Colorize;
use comfy_table::Table;
use comfy_table::presets::UTF8_FULL;
use dialoguer::Select;
use dialoguer::theme::ColorfulTheme;
use indicatif::{ProgressBar, ProgressStyle};
use regex::Regex;
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
use walkdir::WalkDir;
use zoi_core::types::SourceType;
use zoi_core::{cache, config, pin, types};

/// Represents a source that has been resolved to a local path.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ResolvedSource {
    /// The path to the resolved `.pkg.lua` or manifest file.
    pub path: PathBuf,
    /// The type of the source.
    pub source_type: SourceType,
    /// The name of the repository, if applicable.
    pub repo_name: Option<String>,
    /// The type of the repository (e.g. official, unofficial).
    pub repo_type: Option<String>,
    /// The handle of the registry.
    pub registry_handle: Option<String>,
    /// An optional sharable manifest associated with the source.
    pub sharable_manifest: Option<types::SharableInstallManifest>,
    /// The Git SHA if the source is from a Git repository.
    pub git_sha: Option<String>
}

/// Represents a request for a package, parsed from a source string.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct PackageRequest {
    /// The registry handle (e.g. 'zoidberg').
    pub handle: Option<String>,
    /// The repository name (e.g. 'core').
    pub repo: Option<String>,
    /// The name of the package.
    pub name: String,
    /// The sub-package name, if any.
    pub sub_package: Option<String>,
    /// The version or channel specification.
    pub version_spec: Option<String>
}

use std::sync::{LazyLock, Mutex};

/// Regex for parsing the registry handle from a source string.
static HANDLE_RE: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    Regex::new(r"^(?:#(?P<handle>[^@]+))?(?P<main_part>.*)$")
        .expect("Static HANDLE_RE regex is valid")
});

/// Regex for parsing the repository, package name, and version from a source
/// string.
static MAIN_RE: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    Regex::new(r"^@?(?P<repo_and_name>[^@]+)(?:@(?P<version>.+))?$")
        .expect("Static MAIN_RE regex is valid")
});

/// A set of untrusted sources that have been confirmed by the user in the
/// current session.
static CONFIRMED_UNTRUSTED_SOURCES: LazyLock<
    Mutex<std::collections::HashSet<String>>
> = LazyLock::new(|| Mutex::new(std::collections::HashSet::new()));

/// Splits a source string that explicitly points to a file into its components.
fn split_explicit_file_source(
    source_str: &str
) -> Option<(&str, Option<String>, Option<String>)> {
    let (main_part, version_spec) =
        if let Some((base, version)) = source_str.rsplit_once('@') {
            let base_path = if let Some((path, sub)) = base.rsplit_once(':') {
                if (path.ends_with(".pkg.lua")
                    || path.ends_with(".manifest.yaml")
                    || std::path::Path::new(path)
                        .extension()
                        .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zpa"))
                    || std::path::Path::new(path)
                        .extension()
                        .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zsa")))
                    && !sub.contains('/')
                {
                    path
                } else {
                    base
                }
            } else {
                base
            };

            if base_path.ends_with(".pkg.lua")
                || base_path.ends_with(".manifest.yaml")
                || std::path::Path::new(base_path)
                    .extension()
                    .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zpa"))
                || std::path::Path::new(base_path)
                    .extension()
                    .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zsa"))
            {
                (base, Some(version.to_string()))
            } else {
                (source_str, None)
            }
        } else {
            (source_str, None)
        };

    let (path_part, sub_package) =
        if let Some((base, sub)) = main_part.rsplit_once(':') {
            if (base.ends_with(".pkg.lua")
                || base.ends_with(".manifest.yaml")
                || std::path::Path::new(base)
                    .extension()
                    .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zpa"))
                || std::path::Path::new(base)
                    .extension()
                    .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zsa")))
                && !sub.contains('/')
            {
                (base, Some(sub.to_string()))
            } else {
                (main_part, None)
            }
        } else {
            (main_part, None)
        };

    if path_part.ends_with(".pkg.lua")
        || path_part.ends_with(".manifest.yaml")
        || std::path::Path::new(path_part)
            .extension()
            .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zpa"))
        || std::path::Path::new(path_part)
            .extension()
            .is_some_and(|ext| ext.eq_ignore_ascii_case("zsa"))
    {
        Some((path_part, sub_package, version_spec))
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// Returns the original source or the path part if available.
fn download_source_for_explicit_path<'a>(
    source: &'a str,
    path_part: Option<&'a str>
) -> &'a str {
    path_part.unwrap_or(source)
}

/// Returns the HEAD SHA of a local Git repository.
fn get_git_head_sha(repo_path: &Path) -> Option<String> {
    let repo = git2::Repository::open(repo_path).ok()?;
    let head = repo.head().ok()?;
    let target = head.target()?;
    Some(target.to_string())
}

/// Returns the root directory of the package database.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the current directory cannot be retrieved.
pub fn get_db_root() -> Result<PathBuf> {
    if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("ZOI_DB_DIR") {
        return Ok(PathBuf::from(path));
    }

    let local_db = std::env::current_dir()?
        .join(".zoi")
        .join("pkgs")
        .join("db");
    if local_db.exists() {
        return Ok(local_db);
    }

    // Default to user scope for normal CLI usage
    zoi_core::utils::get_db_base_dir(zoi_core::types::Scope::User)
}

/// Returns the root directory of the package database on the host system.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the home directory cannot be found.
pub fn get_host_db_root() -> Result<PathBuf> {
    let home_dir = zoi_core::utils::get_user_home()
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find home directory."))?;
    Ok(home_dir.join(".zoi").join("pkgs").join("db"))
}

/// Parses a source string into a `PackageRequest`.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the source string format is invalid.
pub fn parse_source_string(source_str: &str) -> Result<PackageRequest> {
    if let Some((path_part, sub_package_from_path, version_spec)) =
        split_explicit_file_source(source_str)
    {
        let path = std::path::Path::new(path_part);
        let file_stem = path.file_stem().unwrap_or_default().to_string_lossy();
        let name = if let Some(stripped) = file_stem.strip_suffix(".manifest") {
            stripped.to_string()
        } else if let Some(stripped) = file_stem.strip_suffix(".pkg") {
            stripped.to_string()
        } else {
            file_stem.to_string()
        };
        return Ok(PackageRequest {
            handle: None,
            repo: None,
            name,
            sub_package: sub_package_from_path,
            version_spec
        });
    }

    let caps = HANDLE_RE
        .captures(source_str)
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid source string format"))?;
    let handle = caps.name("handle").map(|m| m.as_str().to_string());
    let main_part = caps
        .name("main_part")
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Regex matched but main_part group not found in '{source_str}'"
            )
        })?
        .as_str();

    let caps_main = MAIN_RE.captures(main_part).ok_or_else(|| {
        anyhow!("Invalid source string format in '{main_part}'")
    })?;

    let repo_and_name = caps_main
        .name("repo_and_name")
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Regex matched but repo_and_name group not found in \
                 '{main_part}'"
            )
        })?
        .as_str();
    let version_spec =
        caps_main.name("version").map(|m| m.as_str().to_string());

    let (repo, name_and_sub) = if main_part.starts_with('@') {
        if let Some(slash_pos) = repo_and_name.find('/') {
            let (repo_str, name_str) = repo_and_name.split_at(slash_pos);
            (Some(repo_str.to_lowercase()), &name_str[1..])
        } else {
            return Err(anyhow!("Invalid repo format: expected @repo/name"));
        }
    } else {
        (None, repo_and_name)
    };

    let (name, sub_package) =
        if let Some((n, s)) = name_and_sub.rsplit_once(':') {
            (n, Some(s.to_string()))
        } else {
            (name_and_sub, None)
        };

    if name.is_empty() {
        return Err(anyhow!("Invalid source string: package name is empty."));
    }

    Ok(PackageRequest {
        handle,
        repo,
        name: name.to_lowercase(),
        sub_package,
        version_spec
    })
}

/// Searches for a package in the synced package database.
fn find_package_in_db(
    request: &PackageRequest,
    quiet: bool
) -> Result<ResolvedSource> {
    /// Internal structure to hold metadata of a found package during
    /// resolution.
    struct FoundPackage {
        path: PathBuf,
        source_type: SourceType,
        repo_name: String,
        repo_type: String,
        description: String,
        license: String,
        size: Option<u64>
    }

    /// Processes a `.pkg.lua` file to extract its metadata.
    fn process_found_package(
        path: PathBuf,
        repo_name: &str,
        is_default_registry: bool,
        registry_db_path: &Path,
        quiet: bool
    ) -> Result<FoundPackage> {
        let pkg: types::Package = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
            path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow!(
                    "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                    path.display()
                )
            })?,
            None,
            None,
            quiet
        )?;
        let major_repo = repo_name
            .split('/')
            .next()
            .unwrap_or_default()
            .to_lowercase();

        let repo_config = config::read_repo_config(registry_db_path).ok();
        let repo_type = if let Some(ref cfg) = repo_config {
            cfg.repos.iter().find(|r| r.name == major_repo).map_or_else(
                || "unofficial".to_string(),
                |r| r.repo_type.clone()
            )
        } else {
            "unofficial".to_string()
        };

        let source_type = if is_default_registry && repo_type == "official" {
            SourceType::OfficialRepo
        } else {
            SourceType::UntrustedRepo(repo_name.to_string())
        };

        Ok(FoundPackage {
            path,
            source_type,
            repo_name: pkg.repo.clone(),
            repo_type,
            description: pkg.description,
            license: pkg.license,
            size: pkg.installed_size
        })
    }

    let db_root = get_db_root()?;
    let config = config::read_config()?;

    let (registry_db_path, search_repos, is_default_registry, registry_handle) =
        if let Some(h) = &request.handle {
            let is_default = config
                .default_registry
                .as_ref()
                .is_some_and(|reg| reg.handle == *h);

            if is_default {
                let default_registry = config
                    .default_registry
                    .as_ref()
                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Default registry not found"))?;
                (
                    db_root.join(&default_registry.handle),
                    config.repos,
                    true,
                    Some(default_registry.handle.clone())
                )
            } else if let Some(registry) =
                config.added_registries.iter().find(|r| r.handle == *h)
            {
                let mut repo_path = db_root.join(&registry.handle);

                if !repo_path.exists()
                    && zoi_core::sysroot::get_sysroot().is_some()
                {
                    // Fallback to host metadata for resolution
                    let host_root = get_host_db_root()?;
                    let host_path = host_root.join(&registry.handle);
                    if host_path.exists() {
                        repo_path = host_path;
                    }
                }

                let all_sub_repos = if repo_path.exists() {
                    fs::read_dir(&repo_path)?
                        .filter_map(Result::ok)
                        .filter(|entry| {
                            entry.path().is_dir() && entry.file_name() != ".git"
                        })
                        .map(|entry| {
                            entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned()
                        })
                        .collect()
                } else {
                    Vec::new()
                };
                (
                    repo_path,
                    all_sub_repos,
                    false,
                    Some(registry.handle.clone())
                )
            } else {
                return Err(anyhow!("Registry with handle '{h}' not found."));
            }
        } else {
            let default_registry = config
                .default_registry
                .as_ref()
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No default registry set."))?;

            let default_handle = default_registry.handle.clone();
            let mut default_path = db_root.join(&default_handle);

            if !default_path.exists()
                && zoi_core::sysroot::get_sysroot().is_some()
            {
                // Fallback to host metadata for resolution
                let host_root = get_host_db_root()?;
                let host_path = host_root.join(&default_handle);
                if host_path.exists() {
                    default_path = host_path;
                }
            }

            let (registry_path, effective_handle) = if default_path.exists()
                && (default_path.join("repo.yaml").exists()
                    || default_path.join("packages.json").exists())
            {
                (default_path, default_handle)
            } else {
                let mut found_path = default_path.clone();
                let mut found_handle = default_handle.clone();
                let mut found = false;

                let roots_to_check =
                    if zoi_core::sysroot::get_sysroot().is_some() {
                        vec![db_root.clone(), get_host_db_root()?]
                    } else {
                        vec![db_root.clone()]
                    };

                for root in roots_to_check {
                    if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(&root) {
                        for entry in entries.flatten() {
                            let path = entry.path();
                            if !path.is_dir() {
                                continue;
                            }
                            let name = entry.file_name();
                            if name == ".git" {
                                continue;
                            }
                            let candidate = name.to_string_lossy().to_string();
                            let candidate_path = root.join(&candidate);
                            if candidate_path.join("repo.yaml").exists()
                                || candidate_path.join("packages.json").exists()
                            {
                                found_path = candidate_path;
                                found_handle = candidate;
                                found = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if found {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if !found {
                    return Err(anyhow!(
                        "No synced registries found. Please run 'zoi sync' to \
                         download the package database."
                    ));
                }
                (found_path, found_handle)
            };

            (registry_path, config.repos, true, Some(effective_handle))
        };

    if !registry_db_path.exists() {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "Registry '{}' is not synced. Please run 'zoi sync' to download \
             the package database.",
            registry_handle.unwrap_or_else(|| "default".to_string())
        ));
    }

    let repos_to_search = if let Some(r) = &request.repo {
        vec![r.clone()]
    } else {
        search_repos
    };

    let mut found_packages = Vec::new();

    if request.name.contains('/') {
        let pkg_name = Path::new(&request.name)
            .file_name()
            .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid package path: {}", request.name))?;

        for repo_name in &repos_to_search {
            let path = registry_db_path
                .join(repo_name)
                .join(&request.name)
                .join(format!("{pkg_name}.pkg.lua"));

            if path.exists()
                && let Ok(found) = process_found_package(
                    path,
                    repo_name,
                    is_default_registry,
                    &registry_db_path,
                    quiet
                )
            {
                found_packages.push(found);
            }
        }
    } else {
        for repo_name in &repos_to_search {
            let pkg_dir_path =
                registry_db_path.join(repo_name).join(&request.name);
            let pkg_file_path =
                pkg_dir_path.join(format!("{}.pkg.lua", request.name));

            if pkg_file_path.exists()
                && let Ok(found) = process_found_package(
                    pkg_file_path,
                    repo_name,
                    is_default_registry,
                    &registry_db_path,
                    quiet
                )
            {
                found_packages.push(found);
            }
        }
    }

    if found_packages.is_empty() {
        for repo_name in &repos_to_search {
            let repo_path = registry_db_path.join(repo_name);
            if !repo_path.is_dir() {
                continue;
            }
            for entry in WalkDir::new(&repo_path)
                .into_iter()
                .filter_map(std::result::Result::ok)
                .filter(|e| {
                    e.file_type().is_file()
                        && e.file_name().to_string_lossy().ends_with(".pkg.lua")
                })
            {
                if let Ok(pkg) = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
                    entry.path().to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
                        anyhow!(
                            "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                            entry.path().display()
                        )
                    })?,
                    None,
                    None,
                    true
                ) && let Some(provides) = &pkg.provides
                    && provides.iter().any(|p| p == &request.name)
                {
                    let major_repo = repo_name
                        .split('/')
                        .next()
                        .unwrap_or_default()
                        .to_lowercase();
                    let repo_config =
                        config::read_repo_config(&registry_db_path).ok();
                    let repo_type = if let Some(ref cfg) = repo_config {
                        cfg.repos
                            .iter()
                            .find(|r| r.name == major_repo)
                            .map_or_else(
                                || "unofficial".to_string(),
                                |r| r.repo_type.clone()
                            )
                    } else {
                        "unofficial".to_string()
                    };
                    let source_type =
                        if is_default_registry && repo_type == "official" {
                            SourceType::OfficialRepo
                        } else {
                            SourceType::UntrustedRepo(repo_name.clone())
                        };
                    found_packages.push(FoundPackage {
                        path: entry.path().to_path_buf(),
                        source_type,
                        repo_name: pkg.repo.clone(),
                        repo_type,
                        description: pkg.description,
                        license: pkg.license,
                        size: pkg.installed_size
                    });
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if found_packages.is_empty() {
        if let Some(repo) = &request.repo {
            Err(anyhow!(
                "Package '{}' not found in repository '@{}'.",
                request.name,
                repo
            ))
        } else {
            Err(anyhow!(
                "Package '{}' not found in any active repositories.",
                request.name
            ))
        }
    } else if found_packages.len() == 1 {
        let chosen = found_packages.first().ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!("Found packages list is unexpectedly empty")
        })?;

        Ok(ResolvedSource {
            path: chosen.path.clone(),
            source_type: chosen.source_type.clone(),
            repo_name: Some(chosen.repo_name.clone()),
            repo_type: Some(chosen.repo_type.clone()),
            registry_handle: registry_handle.clone(),
            sharable_manifest: None,
            git_sha: None
        })
    } else {
        println!(
            "Found multiple packages named or providing '{}'. Please choose \
             one:",
            request.name.cyan()
        );

        let mut table = Table::new();
        table.load_style(UTF8_FULL);
        table.set_header(vec!["#", "Repo", "License", "Size", "Description"]);

        for (i, p) in found_packages.iter().enumerate() {
            table.add_row(vec![
                (i + 1).to_string(),
                p.repo_name.clone(),
                p.license.clone(),
                p.size.map_or_else(
                    || "unknown".to_string(),
                    zoi_core::utils::format_bytes
                ),
                p.description.clone(),
            ]);
        }
        println!("{table}");

        let items: Vec<String> = found_packages
            .iter()
            .map(|p| format!("@{}", p.repo_name.bold()))
            .collect();

        let selection = Select::with_theme(&ColorfulTheme::default())
            .with_prompt("Select a provider")
            .items(&items)
            .default(0)
            .interact()?;

        let chosen = found_packages
            .get(selection)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid selection"))?;
        println!(
            "Selected package '{}' from repo '{}'",
            request.name, chosen.repo_name
        );

        Ok(ResolvedSource {
            path: chosen.path.clone(),
            source_type: chosen.source_type.clone(),
            repo_name: Some(chosen.repo_name.clone()),
            repo_type: Some(chosen.repo_type.clone()),
            registry_handle: registry_handle.clone(),
            sharable_manifest: None,
            git_sha: None
        })
    }
}

/// Downloads a package definition from a URL and caches it locally.
fn download_from_url(url: &str) -> Result<ResolvedSource> {
    let (base_url, expected_hash) = if let Some((base, hash_part)) =
        url.split_once('#')
    {
        if hash_part.starts_with("sha256-") || hash_part.starts_with("sha512-")
        {
            (base, Some(hash_part))
        } else {
            (url, None)
        }
    } else {
        (url, None)
    };

    let cache_dir = cache::get_pkgdef_cache_root()?;
    fs::create_dir_all(&cache_dir)?;

    let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
    hasher.update(base_url.as_bytes());
    let url_hash = hex::encode(hasher.finalize());
    let cache_path = cache_dir.join(format!("{url_hash}.pkg.lua"));

    if cache_path.exists() {
        if let Some(hash) = expected_hash {
            let mut file = fs::File::open(&cache_path)?;
            let mut content = Vec::new();
            file.read_to_end(&mut content)?;
            if verify_content_hash(&content, hash)? {
                return Ok(ResolvedSource {
                    path: cache_path,
                    source_type: SourceType::Url,
                    repo_name: None,
                    repo_type: None,
                    registry_handle: Some("local".to_string()),
                    sharable_manifest: None,
                    git_sha: None
                });
            }
            println!("Cached definition hash mismatch, re-downloading...");
            fs::remove_file(&cache_path)?;
        } else {
            return Ok(ResolvedSource {
                path: cache_path,
                source_type: SourceType::Url,
                repo_name: None,
                repo_type: None,
                registry_handle: Some("local".to_string()),
                sharable_manifest: None,
                git_sha: None
            });
        }
    }

    println!("Downloading package definition from URL...");
    let client = zoi_core::utils::get_http_client()?;
    let mut attempt = 0u32;
    let mut response = loop {
        attempt += 1;
        match client.get(base_url).send() {
            Ok(resp) => break resp,
            Err(e) => {
                if attempt < 3 {
                    eprintln!(
                        "{}: download failed ({}). Retrying...",
                        "Network".yellow(),
                        e
                    );
                    zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                    continue;
                }
                return Err(anyhow!(
                    "Failed to download file after {attempt} attempts: {e}"
                ));
            }
        }
    };
    if !response.status().is_success() {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "Failed to download file (HTTP {}): {}",
            response.status(),
            base_url
        ));
    }

    let total_size = response.content_length().unwrap_or(0);
    let pb = ProgressBar::new(total_size);
    pb.set_style(
        ProgressStyle::default_bar()
            .template(
                "{spinner:.green} [{elapsed_precise}] [{bar:40.cyan/blue}] \
                 {bytes}/{total_bytes} ({bytes_per_sec})"
            )?
            .progress_chars("#>-")
    );

    let mut downloaded_bytes = Vec::new();
    let mut buffer = [0; 8192];
    loop {
        let bytes_read = response.read(&mut buffer)?;
        if bytes_read == 0 {
            break;
        }
        downloaded_bytes.extend_from_slice(
            buffer
                .get(..bytes_read)
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Buffer slice out of bounds"))?
        );
        pb.inc(bytes_read as u64);
    }
    pb.finish_with_message("Download complete.");

    if let Some(hash) = expected_hash {
        if !verify_content_hash(&downloaded_bytes, hash)? {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Integrity verification failed for remote package definition."
            ));
        }
        println!("{} Integrity verified.", "::".green());
    }

    fs::write(&cache_path, &downloaded_bytes)?;

    Ok(ResolvedSource {
        path: cache_path,
        source_type: SourceType::Url,
        repo_name: None,
        repo_type: None,
        registry_handle: Some("local".to_string()),
        sharable_manifest: None,
        git_sha: None
    })
}

/// Verifies the hash of the given content against a hash specification.
fn verify_content_hash(content: &[u8], hash_spec: &str) -> Result<bool> {
    let (algo, expected_hex) = hash_spec
        .split_once('-')
        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid hash format"))?;
    let actual_hex = match algo {
        "sha256" => {
            let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
            hasher.update(content);
            hex::encode(hasher.finalize())
        }
        "sha512" => {
            let mut hasher = sha2::Sha512::new();
            hasher.update(content);
            hex::encode(hasher.finalize())
        }
        _ => return Err(anyhow!("Unsupported hash algorithm: {algo}"))
    };

    Ok(actual_hex.eq_ignore_ascii_case(expected_hex))
}

/// Downloads content from a URL as a string.
fn download_content_from_url(url: &str) -> Result<String> {
    println!("Downloading from: {}", url.cyan());
    let client = zoi_core::utils::get_http_client()?;
    let mut attempt = 0u32;
    let response = loop {
        attempt += 1;
        match client.get(url).send() {
            Ok(resp) => break resp,
            Err(e) => {
                if attempt < 3 {
                    eprintln!(
                        "{}: download failed ({}). Retrying...",
                        "Network".yellow(),
                        e
                    );
                    zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                    continue;
                }
                return Err(anyhow!(
                    "Failed to download from {url} after {attempt} attempts: \
                     {e}"
                ));
            }
        }
    };

    if !response.status().is_success() {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "Failed to download from {} (HTTP {}). Content: {}",
            url,
            response.status(),
            response
                .text()
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "Could not read response body".to_string())
        ));
    }

    Ok(response.text()?)
}

/// Resolves a version from a JSON URL for a given channel.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the request fails or the response cannot be parsed.
pub fn resolve_version_from_url(url: &str, channel: &str) -> Result<String> {
    println!(
        "Resolving version for channel '{}' from {}",
        channel.cyan(),
        url.cyan()
    );
    let client = zoi_core::utils::get_http_client()?;
    let mut attempt = 0u32;
    let resp = loop {
        attempt += 1;
        match client.get(url).send() {
            Ok(r) => match r.text() {
                Ok(t) => break t,
                Err(e) => {
                    if attempt < 3 {
                        eprintln!(
                            "{}: read failed ({}). Retrying...",
                            "Network".yellow(),
                            e
                        );
                        zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                        continue;
                    }
                    return Err(anyhow!(
                        "Failed to read response after {attempt} attempts: {e}"
                    ));
                }
            },
            Err(e) => {
                if attempt < 3 {
                    eprintln!(
                        "{}: fetch failed ({}). Retrying...",
                        "Network".yellow(),
                        e
                    );
                    zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                    continue;
                }
                return Err(anyhow!(
                    "Failed to fetch after {attempt} attempts: {e}"
                ));
            }
        }
    };
    let json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&resp)?;

    if let Some(version) = json
        .get("versions")
        .and_then(|v| v.get(channel))
        .and_then(|c| c.as_str())
    {
        return Ok(version.to_string());
    }

    Err(anyhow!(
        "Failed to extract version for channel '{channel}' from JSON URL: \
         {url}"
    ))
}

/// Resolves a channel name to a concrete version.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the channel name is not found in the versions map.
pub fn resolve_channel<S: ::std::hash::BuildHasher>(
    versions: &HashMap<String, String, S>,
    channel: &str
) -> Result<String> {
    if let Some(url_or_version) = versions.get(channel) {
        if url_or_version.starts_with("http") {
            resolve_version_from_url(url_or_version, channel)
        } else {
            Ok(url_or_version.clone())
        }
    } else {
        Err(anyhow!("Channel '@{channel}' not found in versions map."))
    }
}

/// Returns the default version for a package.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the version cannot be determined.
pub fn get_default_version(
    pkg: &types::Package,
    registry_handle: Option<&str>
) -> Result<String> {
    if let Some(handle) = registry_handle {
        let source = format!("#{}@{}", handle, pkg.repo);

        if let Some(pinned_version) = pin::get_pinned_version(&source)? {
            println!(
                "Using pinned version '{}' for {}.",
                pinned_version.yellow(),
                source.cyan()
            );
            return if pinned_version.starts_with('@') {
                let channel = pinned_version.trim_start_matches('@');
                let versions = pkg.versions.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
                    anyhow!(
                        "Package '{}' has no 'versions' map to resolve pinned \
                         channel '{}'.",
                        pkg.name,
                        pinned_version
                    )
                })?;
                resolve_channel(versions, channel)
            } else {
                Ok(pinned_version)
            };
        }
    }

    if let Some(versions) = &pkg.versions {
        if versions.contains_key("stable") {
            return resolve_channel(versions, "stable");
        }
        let mut channels: Vec<_> = versions.keys().collect();
        channels.sort();
        if let Some(channel) = channels.first() {
            println!(
                "No 'stable' channel found, using first available channel: \
                 '@{}'",
                channel.cyan()
            );
            return resolve_channel(versions, channel);
        }
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "Package has a 'versions' map but no versions were found in it."
        ));
    }

    if let Some(ver) = &pkg.version {
        if ver.starts_with("http") {
            let client = zoi_core::utils::get_http_client()?;
            let mut attempt = 0u32;
            let resp = loop {
                attempt += 1;
                match client.get(ver).send() {
                    Ok(r) => match r.text() {
                        Ok(t) => break t,
                        Err(e) => {
                            if attempt < 3 {
                                eprintln!(
                                    "{}: read failed ({}). Retrying...",
                                    "Network".yellow(),
                                    e
                                );
                                zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                                continue;
                            }
                            return Err(anyhow!(
                                "Failed to read response after {attempt} \
                                 attempts: {e}"
                            ));
                        }
                    },
                    Err(e) => {
                        if attempt < 3 {
                            eprintln!(
                                "{}: fetch failed ({}). Retrying...",
                                "Network".yellow(),
                                e
                            );
                            zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                            continue;
                        }
                        return Err(anyhow!(
                            "Failed to fetch after {attempt} attempts: {e}"
                        ));
                    }
                }
            };
            if let Ok(json) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&resp) {
                if let Some(version) = json
                    .get("versions")
                    .and_then(|v| v.get("stable"))
                    .and_then(|s| s.as_str())
                {
                    return Ok(version.to_string());
                }

                if let Some(tag) = json
                    .get("latest")
                    .and_then(|l| l.get("production"))
                    .and_then(|p| p.get("tag"))
                    .and_then(|t| t.as_str())
                {
                    return Ok(tag.to_string());
                }
                return Err(anyhow!(
                    "Could not determine a version from the JSON content at \
                     {ver}"
                ));
            }
            return Ok(resp.trim().to_string());
        }
        return Ok(ver.clone());
    }

    Err(anyhow!(
        "Could not determine a version for package '{}'.",
        pkg.name
    ))
}

/// Returns the specific version to install based on a version specification.
fn get_version_for_install(
    pkg: &types::Package,
    version_spec: Option<&String>,
    registry_handle: Option<&str>
) -> Result<String> {
    if let Some(spec) = version_spec {
        if spec.starts_with('@') {
            let channel = spec.trim_start_matches('@');
            let versions = pkg.versions.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow!(
                    "Package '{}' has no 'versions' map to resolve channel \
                     '@{}'.",
                    pkg.name,
                    channel
                )
            })?;
            return resolve_channel(versions, channel);
        }

        if let Some(versions) = &pkg.versions
            && versions.contains_key(spec)
        {
            println!("Found '{}' as a channel, resolving...", spec.cyan());
            return resolve_channel(versions, spec);
        }

        return Ok(spec.clone());
    }

    get_default_version(pkg, registry_handle)
}

/// Resolves the requested version specification from a source string.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if the source string format is invalid or if resolution
/// fails.
pub fn resolve_requested_version_spec(
    source_str: &str,
    scope: Option<types::Scope>,
    quiet: bool,
    yes: bool
) -> Result<Option<String>> {
    let request = parse_source_string(source_str)?;
    let Some(_) = request.version_spec else {
        return Ok(None);
    };

    let resolved_source = resolve_source(source_str, scope, quiet, yes)?;
    let mut pkg = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
        resolved_source.path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                resolved_source.path.display()
            )
        })?,
        None,
        scope,
        quiet
    )?;

    if let Some(repo_name) = resolved_source.repo_name {
        pkg.repo = repo_name;
    }

    get_version_for_install(
        &pkg,
        request.version_spec.as_ref(),
        resolved_source.registry_handle.as_deref()
    )
    .map(Some)
}

/// Resolves a source identifier into a concrete local path to a `.pkg.lua`
/// file.
///
/// This is the primary entry point for package discovery. It handles:
/// - Parsing the source string (e.g. #reg@repo/name@version).
/// - Deciding if the source is a local file, a URL, or a registry-backed
///   package.
/// - Recursively following 'alt' references if the package definition points
///   elsewhere.
/// - Confirming trust for untrusted sources (URLs/local files).
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if resolution fails or if an untrusted source is rejected.
pub fn resolve_source(
    source: &str,
    scope: Option<types::Scope>,
    quiet: bool,
    yes: bool
) -> Result<ResolvedSource> {
    let config = config::read_config().unwrap_or_default();
    let max_depth = config.max_resolution_depth.unwrap_or(7);
    let resolved =
        resolve_source_recursive(source, 0, max_depth, scope, quiet)?;

    if !quiet {
        let confirmation_key = match &resolved.source_type {
            SourceType::LocalFile => Some(
                resolved
                    .path
                    .canonicalize()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| resolved.path.clone())
                    .to_string_lossy()
                    .to_string()
            ),
            SourceType::Url => Some(source.to_string()),
            _ => None
        };

        let confirmation_key = if let Some(key) = confirmation_key {
            let confirmed =
                CONFIRMED_UNTRUSTED_SOURCES.lock().map_err(|e| {
                    anyhow!("Failed to lock trust confirmation cache: {e}")
                })?;
            if confirmed.contains(&key) {
                None
            } else {
                Some(key)
            }
        } else {
            None
        };

        if let Some(key) = confirmation_key {
            zoi_core::utils::confirm_untrusted_source(
                &resolved.source_type,
                yes
            )?;
            let mut confirmed =
                CONFIRMED_UNTRUSTED_SOURCES.lock().map_err(|e| {
                    anyhow!("Failed to lock trust confirmation cache: {e}")
                })?;
            confirmed.insert(key);
        }
    }

    if let Ok(_request) = parse_source_string(source)
        && !matches!(
            &resolved.source_type,
            SourceType::LocalFile | SourceType::Url
        )
        && let Some(_repo_name) = &resolved.repo_name
    {}

    Ok(resolved)
}

/// Resolves a package and its version from a source string.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error if parsing or resolution fails.
pub fn resolve_package_and_version(
    source_str: &str,
    scope: Option<types::Scope>,
    quiet: bool,
    yes: bool
) -> Result<(
    types::Package,
    String,
    Option<types::SharableInstallManifest>,
    PathBuf,
    Option<String>,
    Option<String>,
    Option<String>
)> {
    let request = parse_source_string(source_str)?;
    let resolved_source = resolve_source(source_str, scope, quiet, yes)?;
    let registry_handle = resolved_source.registry_handle.clone();
    let repo_type = resolved_source.repo_type.clone();
    let pkg_lua_path = resolved_source.path.clone();
    let git_sha = resolved_source.git_sha.clone();

    let pkg_template = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
        resolved_source.path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                resolved_source.path.display()
            )
        })?,
        None,
        scope,
        quiet
    )?;

    let mut pkg_with_repo = pkg_template;
    if let Some(repo_name) = resolved_source.repo_name.clone() {
        pkg_with_repo.repo = repo_name;
    }

    let version_string = get_version_for_install(
        &pkg_with_repo,
        request.version_spec.as_ref(),
        registry_handle.as_deref()
    )?;

    let mut pkg = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
        resolved_source.path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                resolved_source.path.display()
            )
        })?,
        Some(&version_string),
        scope,
        quiet
    )?;
    if let Some(repo_name) = resolved_source.repo_name.clone() {
        pkg.repo = repo_name;
    }
    pkg.version = Some(version_string.clone());

    let registry_handle = resolved_source.registry_handle.clone();

    Ok((
        pkg,
        version_string,
        resolved_source.sharable_manifest,
        pkg_lua_path,
        registry_handle,
        repo_type,
        git_sha
    ))
}

/// Recursively resolves a source identifier.
fn resolve_source_recursive(
    source: &str,
    depth: u8,
    max_depth: u8,
    scope: Option<types::Scope>,
    quiet: bool
) -> Result<ResolvedSource> {
    if max_depth > 0 && depth > max_depth {
        let msg = format!(
            "Resolution depth {depth} exceeds limit {max_depth}. Potential \
             circular 'alt' reference."
        );
        if quiet
            || !zoi_core::utils::ask_for_confirmation(
                &format!("{msg} Continue anyway?"),
                false
            )
        {
            return Err(anyhow!("Exceeded max resolution depth."));
        }
    }

    if source.ends_with(".manifest.yaml") {
        let path = PathBuf::from(source);
        if !path.exists() {
            return Err(anyhow!("Local file not found at '{source}'"));
        }
        println!("Using local sharable manifest file: {}", path.display());
        let content = fs::read_to_string(&path)?;
        let sharable_manifest: types::SharableInstallManifest =
            serde_yaml::from_str(&content)?;
        let new_source = format!(
            "#{}@{}/{}@{}",
            sharable_manifest.registry_handle,
            sharable_manifest.repo,
            sharable_manifest.name,
            sharable_manifest.version
        );
        let mut resolved_source = resolve_source_recursive(
            &new_source,
            depth + 1,
            max_depth,
            scope,
            quiet
        )?;
        resolved_source.sharable_manifest = Some(sharable_manifest);
        return Ok(resolved_source);
    }

    let path_part = split_explicit_file_source(source).map(|(path, _, _)| path);

    let request = parse_source_string(source)?;

    if let Some(handle) = &request.handle
        && handle.starts_with("git:")
    {
        if zoi_core::offline::is_offline() {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Cannot resolve remote git repo '{handle}': Zoi is in offline \
                 mode."
            ));
        }
        let git_source = handle.strip_prefix("git:").ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!("Handle '{handle}' unexpectedly missing 'git:' prefix")
        })?;
        println!(
            "Warning: using remote git repo '{}' not from official Zoi \
             database.",
            git_source.yellow()
        );

        let (host, repo_path) =
            git_source.split_once('/').ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow!("Invalid git source format. Expected host/owner/repo.")
            })?;

        let (base_url, branch_sep) = match host {
            "github.com" => (
                format!("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{repo_path}"),
                "/"
            ),
            "gitlab.com" => {
                (format!("https://gitlab.com/{repo_path}/-/raw"), "/")
            }
            "codeberg.org" => {
                (format!("https://codeberg.org/{repo_path}/raw/branch"), "/")
            }
            _ => return Err(anyhow!("Unsupported git host: {host}"))
        };

        let (_, branch) = {
            let mut last_error = None;
            let mut content = None;
            for b in ["main", "master"] {
                let repo_yaml_url =
                    format!("{base_url}{branch_sep}{b}/repo.yaml");
                match download_content_from_url(&repo_yaml_url) {
                    Ok(c) => {
                        content = Some((c, b.to_string()));
                        break;
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        last_error = Some(e);
                    }
                }
            }
            content.ok_or_else(|| {
                last_error.unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    anyhow!("Could not find repo.yaml on main or master branch")
                })
            })?
        };

        let full_pkg_path = if let Some(r) = &request.repo {
            format!("{}/{}", r, request.name)
        } else {
            request.name.clone()
        };

        let pkg_name = Path::new(&full_pkg_path)
            .file_name()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid package path: {full_pkg_path}"))?
            .to_str()
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow!("Package name contains invalid UTF-8: {full_pkg_path}")
            })?;
        let pkg_lua_filename = format!("{pkg_name}.pkg.lua");
        let pkg_lua_path_in_repo =
            Path::new(&full_pkg_path).join(pkg_lua_filename);

        let pkg_lua_url = format!(
            "{}{}{}/{}",
            base_url,
            branch_sep,
            branch,
            pkg_lua_path_in_repo
                .to_str()
                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Package path contains invalid UTF-8"))?
                .replace('\\', "/")
        );

        let pkg_lua_content = download_content_from_url(&pkg_lua_url)?;

        let cache_dir = cache::get_pkgdef_cache_root()?;
        fs::create_dir_all(&cache_dir)?;

        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
        hasher.update(pkg_lua_url.as_bytes());
        let hash = hex::encode(hasher.finalize());
        let cache_path = cache_dir.join(format!("{hash}.pkg.lua"));

        fs::write(&cache_path, pkg_lua_content.as_bytes())?;

        let repo_name = format!("git:{git_source}");

        return Ok(ResolvedSource {
            path: cache_path,
            source_type: SourceType::GitRepo(repo_name.clone()),
            repo_name: Some(repo_name),
            repo_type: Some("unofficial".to_string()),
            registry_handle: None,
            sharable_manifest: None,
            git_sha: None
        });
    }

    let resolved_source = if source.starts_with("#git@") {
        let full_path_str = source.trim_start_matches("#git@");
        let parts: Vec<&str> = full_path_str.split('/').collect();

        if parts.len() < 2 {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Invalid git source. Use #git@<repo-name>/<path/to/pkg>"
            ));
        }

        let repo_name =
            parts.first().ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid git source"))?;
        let nested_path_parts = parts
            .get(1..)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Invalid git source path"))?;
        let pkg_name = nested_path_parts
            .last()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Empty path in git source"))?;

        let home_dir = zoi_core::utils::get_user_home()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not find home directory."))?;
        let mut path = home_dir
            .join(".zoi")
            .join("pkgs")
            .join("git")
            .join(repo_name);

        for part in nested_path_parts.iter().take(nested_path_parts.len() - 1) {
            path = path.join(part);
        }

        path = path.join(format!("{pkg_name}.pkg.lua"));

        if !path.exists() {
            let nested_path_str = nested_path_parts.join("/");
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Package '{}' not found in git repo '{}' (expected: {})",
                nested_path_str,
                repo_name,
                path.display()
            ));
        }
        println!(
            "Warning: using external git repo '{}{}' not from official Zoi \
             database.",
            "#git@".yellow(),
            repo_name.yellow()
        );
        let git_repo_root = home_dir
            .join(".zoi")
            .join("pkgs")
            .join("git")
            .join(repo_name);
        let git_sha = get_git_head_sha(&git_repo_root);

        ResolvedSource {
            path,
            source_type: SourceType::GitRepo(repo_name.to_string()),
            repo_name: Some(format!("git/{repo_name}")),
            repo_type: Some("unofficial".to_string()),
            registry_handle: Some("local".to_string()),
            sharable_manifest: None,
            git_sha
        }
    } else if source.starts_with("http://") || source.starts_with("https://") {
        if zoi_core::offline::is_offline() {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Cannot download package definition from URL '{source}': Zoi \
                 is in offline mode."
            ));
        }
        download_from_url(download_source_for_explicit_path(source, path_part))?
    } else if let Some(path_part) = path_part {
        let path = zoi_core::utils::expand_tilde(path_part);
        if !path.exists() {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "Local file not found at '{}'",
                path.display()
            ));
        }
        ResolvedSource {
            path,
            source_type: SourceType::LocalFile,
            repo_name: None,
            repo_type: None,
            registry_handle: Some("local".to_string()),
            sharable_manifest: None,
            git_sha: None
        }
    } else if zoi_core::utils::is_mini_mode() {
        let index = crate::mini_resolve::fetch_registry_index()?;

        let (repo, repo_type) = if let Some(r) = &request.repo {
            let r_type = index
                .packages
                .get(&request.name)
                .filter(|p| &p.repo == r)
                .map_or_else(
                    || "unofficial".to_string(),
                    |p| p.repo_type.clone()
                );
            (r.clone(), r_type)
        } else {
            let pkg_info =
                index.packages.get(&request.name).ok_or_else(|| {
                    anyhow!(
                        "Package '{}' not found in Zoidberg registry index",
                        request.name
                    )
                })?;
            (pkg_info.repo.clone(), pkg_info.repo_type.clone())
        };

        let lua_url =
            crate::mini_resolve::get_package_lua_url(&repo, &request.name);
        let mut resolved = download_from_url(&lua_url)?;
        resolved.repo_name = Some(repo.clone());
        resolved.repo_type = Some(repo_type.clone());
        resolved.registry_handle = Some("zoidberg".to_string());

        resolved.source_type = if repo_type == "official" {
            SourceType::OfficialRepo
        } else {
            SourceType::UntrustedRepo(repo)
        };
        resolved
    } else {
        find_package_in_db(&request, quiet)?
    };

    let pkg_for_alt_check = zoi_lua::parser::parse_lua_package(
        resolved_source.path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow!(
                "Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                resolved_source.path.display()
            )
        })?,
        None,
        scope,
        quiet
    )?;

    if let Some(alt_source) = pkg_for_alt_check.alt {
        println!("Found 'alt' source. Resolving from: {}", alt_source.cyan());

        let alt_resolved_source = if alt_source.starts_with("http://")
            || alt_source.starts_with("https://")
        {
            println!("Downloading 'alt' source from: {}", alt_source.cyan());
            let client = zoi_core::utils::get_http_client()?;
            let mut attempt = 0u32;
            let response = loop {
                attempt += 1;
                match client.get(&alt_source).send() {
                    Ok(resp) => break resp,
                    Err(e) => {
                        if attempt < 3 {
                            eprintln!(
                                "{}: download failed ({}). Retrying...",
                                "Network".yellow(),
                                e
                            );
                            zoi_core::utils::retry_backoff_sleep(attempt);
                            continue;
                        }
                        return Err(anyhow!(
                            "Failed to download file after {attempt} \
                             attempts: {e}"
                        ));
                    }
                }
            };
            if !response.status().is_success() {
                return Err(anyhow!(
                    "Failed to download alt source (HTTP {}): {}",
                    response.status(),
                    alt_source
                ));
            }

            let content = response.text()?;

            let cache_dir = cache::get_pkgdef_cache_root()?;
            fs::create_dir_all(&cache_dir)?;

            let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
            hasher.update(alt_source.as_bytes());
            let hash = hex::encode(hasher.finalize());
            let cache_path = cache_dir.join(format!("{hash}.pkg.lua"));

            fs::write(&cache_path, content.as_bytes())?;

            resolve_source_recursive(
                cache_path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
                    anyhow!(
                        "Cache path contains invalid UTF-8 characters: {}",
                        cache_path.display()
                    )
                })?,
                depth + 1,
                max_depth,
                scope,
                quiet
            )?
        } else {
            resolve_source_recursive(
                &alt_source,
                depth + 1,
                max_depth,
                scope,
                quiet
            )?
        };

        return Ok(alt_resolved_source);
    }

    Ok(resolved_source)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::download_source_for_explicit_path;

    #[test]
    fn test_download_source_for_explicit_http_channel_uses_base_url() {
        let source = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.pkg.lua@stable";
        let path_part = Some("http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.pkg.lua");
        assert_eq!(
            download_source_for_explicit_path(source, path_part),
            "http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.pkg.lua"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_download_source_for_plain_http_source_uses_original() {
        let source = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.pkg.lua";
        assert_eq!(
            download_source_for_explicit_path(source, None),
            "http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.pkg.lua"
        );
    }
}