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use std; use std::mem; use super::{WideStr, WideString}; use std::ffi::{OsString, OsStr}; use super::platform; /// An owned, mutable C-style "wide" string for windows FFI that is nul-aware and nul-terminated. /// /// `WideCString` is aware of nul values. Unless unchecked conversions are used, all `WideCString` /// strings end with a nul-terminator in the underlying buffer, and contain no internal nul values. /// The strings may still contain invalid or ill-formed UTF-16 data. These strings are intended to /// be used with windows FFI functions that may require nul-terminated strings. /// /// `WideCString` can be converted to and from many other string types, including `WideString`, /// `OsString`, and `String`, making proper Unicode windows FFI safe and easy. /// /// # Examples /// /// The following example constructs a `WideCString` and shows how to convert a `WideCString` to a /// regular Rust `String`. /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let v = vec![84u16, 104u16, 101u16]; // 'T' 'h' 'e' /// // Create a wide string from the vector /// let wstr = WideCString::from_vec(v).unwrap(); /// // Convert to a rust string! /// let rust_str = wstr.to_string_lossy(); /// assert_eq!(rust_str, "The"); /// ``` #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct WideCString { inner: Box<[u16]>, } /// C-style wide string reference for `WideCString`. /// /// `WideCStr` is aware of nul values. Unless unchecked conversions are used, all `WideCStr` /// strings end with a nul-terminator in the underlying buffer, and contain no internal nul values. /// The strings may still contain invalid or ill-formed UTF-16 data. These strings are intended to /// be used with windows FFI functions that may require nul-terminated strings. /// /// `WideCStr` can be converted to and from many other string types, including `WideString`, /// `OsString`, and `String`, making proper Unicode windows FFI safe and easy. #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] pub struct WideCStr { inner: [u16], } /// An error returned from `WideCString` to indicate that an invalid nul value was found. /// /// The error indicates the position in the vector where the nul value was found, as well as /// returning the ownership of the invalid vector. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct NulError(usize, Vec<u16>); /// An error returned from `WideCString` and `WideCStr` to indicate that a terminating nul value /// was missing. /// /// The error optionally returns the ownership of the invalid vector whenever a vector was owned. #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] pub struct MissingNulError(Option<Vec<u16>>); impl WideCString { /// Constructs a new empty `WideCString`. pub fn new() -> WideCString { WideCString { inner: vec![0].into_boxed_slice() } } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from a container of UTF-16 data. /// /// This method will consume the provided data and use the underlying elements to construct a /// new string. The data will be scanned for invalid nul values. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data contains a nul value. /// The returned error will contain the `Vec<u16>` as well as the position of the nul value. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let v = vec![84u16, 104u16, 101u16]; // 'T' 'h' 'e' /// # let cloned = v.clone(); /// // Create a wide string from the vector /// let wcstr = WideCString::from_vec(v).unwrap(); /// # assert_eq!(wcstr.into_vec(), cloned); /// ``` /// /// The following example demonstrates errors from nul values in a vector. /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let v = vec![84u16, 0u16, 104u16, 101u16]; // 'T' NUL 'h' 'e' /// // Create a wide string from the vector /// let res = WideCString::from_vec(v); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().nul_position(), 1); /// ``` pub fn from_vec<T: Into<Vec<u16>>>(v: T) -> Result<WideCString, NulError> { let v = v.into(); // Check for nul vals match v.iter().position(|&val| val == 0) { None => Ok(unsafe { WideCString::from_vec_unchecked(v) }), Some(pos) => Err(NulError(pos, v)), } } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from a nul-terminated container of UTF-16 data. /// /// This method will consume the provided data and use the underlying elements to construct a /// new string. The string will be truncated at the first nul value in the string. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data does not contain a nul to terminate the /// string. The returned error will contain the consumed `Vec<u16>`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let v = vec![84u16, 104u16, 101u16, 0u16]; // 'T' 'h' 'e' NUL /// # let cloned = v[..3].to_owned(); /// // Create a wide string from the vector /// let wcstr = WideCString::from_vec_with_nul(v).unwrap(); /// # assert_eq!(wcstr.into_vec(), cloned); /// ``` /// /// The following example demonstrates errors from missing nul values in a vector. /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let v = vec![84u16, 104u16, 101u16]; // 'T' 'h' 'e' /// // Create a wide string from the vector /// let res = WideCString::from_vec_with_nul(v); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// ``` pub fn from_vec_with_nul<T: Into<Vec<u16>>>(v: T) -> Result<WideCString, MissingNulError> { let mut v = v.into(); // Check for nul vals match v.iter().position(|&val| val == 0) { None => Err(MissingNulError(Some(v))), Some(pos) => { v.truncate(pos + 1); Ok(unsafe { WideCString::from_vec_with_nul_unchecked(v) }) } } } /// Creates a `WideCString` from a vector without checking for interior nul values. /// /// A terminating nul value will be appended if the vector does not already have a terminating /// nul. /// /// # Safety /// /// This method is equivalent to `from_vec` except that no runtime assertion is made that `v` /// contains no nul values. Providing a vector with non-terminating nul values will result in an /// invalid `WideCString`. pub unsafe fn from_vec_unchecked<T: Into<Vec<u16>>>(v: T) -> WideCString { let mut v = v.into(); match v.last() { None => v.push(0), Some(&c) if c != 0 => v.push(0), Some(_) => (), } WideCString::from_vec_with_nul_unchecked(v) } /// Creates a `WideCString` from a vector that should have a nul terminator, without checking /// for any nul values. /// /// # Safety /// /// This method is equivalent to `from_vec_with_nul` except that no runtime assertion is made /// that `v` contains no nul values. Providing a vector without interior nul values or without a /// terminating nul value will result in an invalid `WideCString`. pub unsafe fn from_vec_with_nul_unchecked<T: Into<Vec<u16>>>(v: T) -> WideCString { WideCString { inner: v.into().into_boxed_slice() } } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from anything that can be converted to an `OsStr`. /// /// The string will be scanned for invalid nul values. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data contains a nul value. /// The returned error will contain a `Vec<u16>` as well as the position of the nul value. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "MyString"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let wcstr = WideCString::from_str(s).unwrap(); /// # assert_eq!(wcstr.to_string_lossy(), s); /// ``` /// /// The following example demonstrates errors from nul values in a vector. /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "My\u{0}String"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let res = WideCString::from_str(s); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap().nul_position(), 2); /// ``` pub fn from_str<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(s: T) -> Result<WideCString, NulError> { let v = platform::os_to_wide(s.as_ref()); WideCString::from_vec(v) } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from anything that can be converted to an `OsStr` with a nul /// terminator. /// /// The string will be truncated at the first nul value in the string. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data does not contain a nul to terminate the /// string. The returned error will contain the consumed `Vec<u16>`. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "My\u{0}String"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let wcstr = WideCString::from_str_with_nul(s).unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(wcstr.to_string_lossy(), "My"); /// ``` /// /// The following example demonstrates errors from missing nul values in a vector. /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "MyString"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let res = WideCString::from_str_with_nul(s); /// assert!(res.is_err()); /// ``` pub fn from_str_with_nul<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(s: T) -> Result<WideCString, MissingNulError> { let v = platform::os_to_wide(s.as_ref()); WideCString::from_vec_with_nul(v) } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from anything that can be converted to a `WideStr`. /// /// The string will be scanned for invalid nul values. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data contains a nul value. /// The returned error will contain a `Vec<u16>` as well as the position of the nul value. pub fn from_wide_str<T: AsRef<WideStr>>(s: T) -> Result<WideCString, NulError> { WideCString::from_vec(s.as_ref().as_slice()) } /// Constructs a `WideCString` from anything that can be converted to a `WideStr` with a nul /// terminator. /// /// The string will be truncated at the first nul value in the string. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data does not contain a nul to terminate the /// string. The returned error will contain the consumed `Vec<u16>`. pub fn from_wide_str_with_nul<T: AsRef<WideStr>>(s: T) -> Result<WideCString, MissingNulError> { WideCString::from_vec_with_nul(s.as_ref().as_slice()) } /// Constructs a new `WideCString` copied from a `u16` nul-terminated string pointer. /// /// This will scan for nul values beginning with `p`. The first nul value will be used as the /// nul terminator for the string, similar to how libc string functions such as `strlen` work. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is unsafe as there is no guarantee that the given pointer is valid or has a /// nul terminator, and the function could scan past the underlying buffer. /// /// `p` must be non-null. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function panics if `p` is null. /// /// # Caveat /// /// The lifetime for the returned string is inferred from its usage. To prevent accidental /// misuse, it's suggested to tie the lifetime to whichever source lifetime is safe in the /// context, such as by providing a helper function taking the lifetime of a host value for the /// string, or by explicit annotation. pub unsafe fn from_ptr_str(p: *const u16) -> WideCString { assert!(!p.is_null()); let mut i: isize = 0; while *p.offset(i) != 0 { i = i + 1; } let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, i as usize + 1); WideCString::from_vec_with_nul_unchecked(slice) } /// Constructs a new `WideCString` copied from a `u16` pointer and a length. /// /// The `len` argument is the number of `u16` elements, **not** the number of bytes. /// /// The string will be scanned for invalid nul values. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data contains a nul value. /// The returned error will contain a `Vec<u16>` as well as the position of the nul value. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is unsafe as there is no guarantee that the given pointer is valid for `len` /// elements. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if `len` is greater than 0 but `p` is a null pointer. pub unsafe fn from_ptr(p: *const u16, len: usize) -> Result<WideCString, NulError> { if len == 0 { return Ok(WideCString::new()); } assert!(!p.is_null()); let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, len); WideCString::from_vec(slice) } /// Constructs a new `WideString` copied from a `u16` pointer and a length. /// /// The `len` argument is the number of `u16` elements, **not** the number of bytes. /// /// The string will be truncated at the first nul value in the string. /// /// # Failures /// /// This function will return an error if the data does not contain a nul to terminate the /// string. The returned error will contain the consumed `Vec<u16>`. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is unsafe as there is no guarantee that the given pointer is valid for `len` /// elements. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if `len` is greater than 0 but `p` is a null pointer. pub unsafe fn from_ptr_with_nul(p: *const u16, len: usize) -> Result<WideCString, MissingNulError> { if len == 0 { return Ok(WideCString::new()); } assert!(!p.is_null()); let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, len); WideCString::from_vec_with_nul(slice) } /// Converts to a `WideCStr` reference. pub fn as_wide_c_str(&self) -> &WideCStr { self } /// Converts the wide string into a `Vec<u16>` without a nul terminator, consuming the string in /// the process. /// /// The resulting vector will **not** contain a nul-terminator, and will contain no other nul /// values. pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u16> { let mut v = self.inner.into_vec(); v.pop(); v } /// Converts the wide string into a `Vec<u16>`, consuming the string in the process. /// /// The resulting vector will contain a nul-terminator and no interior nul values. pub fn into_vec_with_nul(self) -> Vec<u16> { self.inner.into_vec() } /// Transfers ownership of the wide string to a C caller. /// /// # Safety /// /// The pointer must be returned to Rust and reconstituted using `from_raw` to be properly /// deallocated. Specifically, one should _not_ use the standard C `free` function to deallocate /// this string. /// /// Failure to call `from_raw` will lead to a memory leak. pub fn into_raw(self) -> *mut u16 { Box::into_raw(self.inner) as *mut u16 } /// Retakes ownership of a CString that was transferred to C. /// /// # Safety /// /// This should only ever be called with a pointer that was earlier obtained by calling /// `into_raw` on a `WideCString`. Additionally, the length of the string will be recalculated /// from the pointer. pub unsafe fn from_raw(p: *mut u16) -> WideCString { assert!(!p.is_null()); let mut i: isize = 0; while *p.offset(i) != 0 { i += 1; } let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(p, i as usize + 1); WideCString { inner: mem::transmute(slice) } } } impl Into<Vec<u16>> for WideCString { fn into(self) -> Vec<u16> { self.into_vec() } } impl<'a> From<WideCString> for std::borrow::Cow<'a, WideCStr> { fn from(s: WideCString) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, WideCStr> { std::borrow::Cow::Owned(s) } } impl From<WideCString> for OsString { fn from(s: WideCString) -> OsString { s.to_os_string() } } impl From<WideCString> for WideString { fn from(s: WideCString) -> WideString { s.to_wide_string() } } impl<'a, T: ?Sized + AsRef<WideCStr>> From<&'a T> for WideCString { fn from(s: &'a T) -> WideCString { s.as_ref().to_wide_c_string() } } impl std::ops::Index<std::ops::RangeFull> for WideCString { type Output = WideCStr; #[inline] fn index(&self, _index: std::ops::RangeFull) -> &WideCStr { WideCStr::from_inner(&self.inner) } } impl std::ops::Deref for WideCString { type Target = WideCStr; #[inline] fn deref(&self) -> &WideCStr { &self[..] } } impl Default for WideCString { fn default() -> WideCString { WideCString::new() } } impl WideCStr { /// Coerces a value into a `WideCStr`. pub fn new<'a, S: AsRef<WideCStr> + ?Sized>(s: &'a S) -> &'a WideCStr { s.as_ref() } fn from_inner(slice: &[u16]) -> &WideCStr { unsafe { mem::transmute(slice) } } /// Constructs a `WideStr` from a `u16` nul-terminated string pointer. /// /// This will scan for nul values beginning with `p`. The first nul value will be used as the /// nul terminator for the string, similar to how libc string functions such as `strlen` work. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is unsafe as there is no guarantee that the given pointer is valid or has a /// nul terminator, and the function could scan past the underlying buffer. /// /// `p` must be non-null. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function panics if `p` is null. /// /// # Caveat /// /// The lifetime for the returned string is inferred from its usage. To prevent accidental /// misuse, it's suggested to tie the lifetime to whichever source lifetime is safe in the /// context, such as by providing a helper function taking the lifetime of a host value for the /// string, or by explicit annotation. pub unsafe fn from_ptr_str<'a>(p: *const u16) -> &'a WideCStr { assert!(!p.is_null()); let mut i: isize = 0; while *p.offset(i) != 0 { i = i + 1; } mem::transmute(std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, i as usize + 1)) } /// Constructs a `WideStr` from a `u16` pointer and a length. /// /// The `len` argument is the number of `u16` elements, **not** the number of bytes, and does /// **not** include the nul terminator of the string. Thus, a `len` of 0 is valid and means that /// `p` is a pointer directly to the nul terminator of the string. /// /// # Safety /// /// This function is unsafe as there is no guarantee that the given pointer is valid for `len` /// elements. /// /// `p` must be non-null, even for zero `len`. /// /// The interior values of the pointer are not scanned for nul. /// /// # Panics /// /// This function panics if `p` is null or if a nul value is not found at offset `len` of `p`. /// Only pointers with a nul terminator are valid. /// /// # Caveat /// /// The lifetime for the returned string is inferred from its usage. To prevent accidental /// misuse, it's suggested to tie the lifetime to whichever source lifetime is safe in the /// context, such as by providing a helper function taking the lifetime of a host value for the /// string, or by explicit annotation. pub unsafe fn from_ptr_with_nul<'a>(p: *const u16, len: usize) -> &'a WideCStr { assert!(*p.offset(len as isize) == 0); mem::transmute(std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, len + 1)) } /// Constructs a `WideCStr` from a slice of `u16` values that has a nul terminator. /// /// The slice will be scanned for nul values. If a nul value is found, it is treated as the /// terminator for the string, and the `WideCStr` slice will be truncated to that nul. If no nul /// value is found, an error is returned. pub fn from_slice_with_nul<'a>(slice: &'a [u16]) -> Result<&'a WideCStr, MissingNulError> { match slice.iter().position(|x| *x == 0) { None => Err(MissingNulError(None)), Some(i) => Ok(unsafe { std::mem::transmute(&slice[..i + 1]) }), } } /// Copies the wide string to an new owned `WideString`. pub fn to_wide_c_string(&self) -> WideCString { unsafe { WideCString::from_vec_with_nul_unchecked(self.inner.to_owned()) } } /// Decodes a wide string to an owned `OsString`. /// /// This makes a string copy of the `WideCStr`. Since `WideCStr` makes no guaruntees that it is /// valid UTF-16, there is no guaruntee that the resulting `OsString` will be valid data. The /// `OsString` will **not** have a nul terminator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// use std::ffi::OsString; /// let s = "MyString"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let wstr = WideCString::from_str(s).unwrap(); /// // Create an OsString from the wide string /// let osstr = wstr.to_os_string(); /// /// assert_eq!(osstr, OsString::from(s)); /// ``` pub fn to_os_string(&self) -> OsString { platform::os_from_wide(self.as_slice()) } /// Copies the wide string to a new owned `WideString`. /// /// The `WideString` will **not** have a nul terminator. pub fn to_wide_string(&self) -> WideString { WideString::from_vec(self.as_slice()) } /// Copies the wide string to a `String` if it contains valid UTF-16 data. /// /// # Failures /// /// Returns an error if the string contains any invalid UTF-16 data. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "MyString"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let wstr = WideCString::from_str(s).unwrap(); /// // Create a regular string from the wide string /// let s2 = wstr.to_string().unwrap(); /// /// assert_eq!(s2, s); /// ``` pub fn to_string(&self) -> Result<String, std::string::FromUtf16Error> { String::from_utf16(self.as_slice()) } /// Copies the wide string to a `String`. /// /// Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. /// /// # Examples /// /// ```rust /// use widestring::WideCString; /// let s = "MyString"; /// // Create a wide string from the string /// let wstr = WideCString::from_str(s).unwrap(); /// // Create a regular string from the wide string /// let s2 = wstr.to_string_lossy(); /// /// assert_eq!(s2, s); /// ``` pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> String { String::from_utf16_lossy(self.as_slice()) } /// Converts to a slice of the wide string. /// /// The slice will **not** include the nul terminator. pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u16] { &self.inner[..self.len()] } /// converts to a slice of the wide string, including the nul terminator. pub fn as_slice_with_nul(&self) -> &[u16] { &self.inner } /// Returns a raw pointer to the wide string. /// /// The pointer is valid only as long as the lifetime of this reference. pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u16 { self.inner.as_ptr() } /// Returns the length of the wide string as number of UTF-16 partial code units (**not** code /// points and **not** number of bytes) **not** including nul terminator. pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.inner.len() - 1 } /// Returns whether this wide string contains no data (i.e. is only the nul terminator). pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.len() == 0 } } impl std::borrow::Borrow<WideCStr> for WideCString { fn borrow(&self) -> &WideCStr { &self[..] } } impl ToOwned for WideCStr { type Owned = WideCString; fn to_owned(&self) -> WideCString { self.to_wide_c_string() } } impl<'a> From<&'a WideCStr> for std::borrow::Cow<'a, WideCStr> { fn from(s: &'a WideCStr) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, WideCStr> { std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(s) } } impl AsRef<WideCStr> for WideCStr { fn as_ref(&self) -> &WideCStr { self } } impl AsRef<WideCStr> for WideCString { fn as_ref(&self) -> &WideCStr { self } } impl AsRef<[u16]> for WideCStr { fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u16] { self.as_slice() } } impl AsRef<[u16]> for WideCString { fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u16] { self.as_slice() } } impl NulError { /// Returns the position of the nul value in the slice that was provided to `WideCString`. pub fn nul_position(&self) -> usize { self.0 } /// Consumes this error, returning the underlying vector of u16 values which generated the error /// in the first place. pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u16> { self.1 } } impl Into<Vec<u16>> for NulError { fn into(self) -> Vec<u16> { self.into_vec() } } impl std::fmt::Display for NulError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "nul value found at position {}", self.0) } } impl std::error::Error for NulError { fn description(&self) -> &str { "nul value found" } } impl MissingNulError { /// Consumes this error, returning the underlying vector of u16 values which generated the error /// in the first place. pub fn into_vec(self) -> Option<Vec<u16>> { self.0 } } impl std::fmt::Display for MissingNulError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "missing terminating nul value") } } impl std::error::Error for MissingNulError { fn description(&self) -> &str { "missing terminating nul value" } }