Struct Response

pub struct Response { /* private fields */ }

Response instances are created as results of firing off requests.

The Response is used to read response headers and decide what to do with the body. Note that the socket connection is open and the body not read until one of into_reader(), into_json(), or into_string() consumes the response.

When dropping a Response instance, one one of two things can happen. If the response has unread bytes, the underlying socket cannot be reused, and the connection is closed. If there are no unread bytes, the connection is returned to the Agent connection pool used (notice there is always an agent present, even when not explicitly configured by the user).

let response = ureq::get("http://example.com/").call()?;

// socket is still open and the response body has not been read.

let text = response.into_string()?;

// response is consumed, and body has been read.

Implementations

impl Response

pub fn new( status: u16, status_text: &str, body: &str, ) -> Result<Response, Error>

Construct a response with a status, status text and a string body.

This is hopefully useful for unit tests.

Example:

let resp = ureq::Response::new(401, "Authorization Required", "Please log in")?;

assert_eq!(resp.status(), 401);

pub fn get_url(&self) -> &str

The URL we ended up at. This can differ from the request url when we have followed redirects.

pub fn http_version(&self) -> &str

The http version: HTTP/1.1

pub fn status(&self) -> u16

The status as a u16: 200

pub fn status_text(&self) -> &str

The status text: OK

The HTTP spec allows for non-utf8 status texts. This uses from_utf8_lossy to convert such lines to &str.

pub fn header(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str>

The header value for the given name, or None if not found.

For historical reasons, the HTTP spec allows for header values to be encoded using encodings like iso-8859-1. Such encodings means the values are not possible to interpret as utf-8.

In case the header value can’t be read as utf-8, this function returns None (while the name is visible in Response::headers_names()).

pub fn headers_names(&self) -> Vec<String>

A list of the header names in this response. Lowercased to be uniform.

It’s possible for a header name to be returned by this function, and still give a None value. See Response::header() for an explanation as to why.

pub fn has(&self, name: &str) -> bool

Tells if the response has the named header.

pub fn all(&self, name: &str) -> Vec<&str>

All headers corresponding values for the give name, or empty vector.

pub fn content_type(&self) -> &str

The content type part of the “Content-Type” header without the charset.

Example:

let resp = ureq::get("http://example.com/charset/iso").call()?;
assert_eq!(resp.header("content-type"), Some("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"));
assert_eq!("text/html", resp.content_type());

pub fn charset(&self) -> &str

The character set part of the “Content-Type”.

Example:

let resp = ureq::get("http://example.com/charset/iso").call()?;
assert_eq!(resp.header("content-type"), Some("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"));
assert_eq!("ISO-8859-1", resp.charset());

pub fn remote_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr

The socket address of the server that sent the response.

pub fn local_addr(&self) -> SocketAddr

The local address the request was made from.

pub fn into_reader(self) -> Box<dyn Read + Send + Sync + 'static>

Turn this response into a impl Read of the body.

1. If Transfer-Encoding: chunked, the returned reader will unchunk it and any Content-Length header is ignored.
2. If Content-Length is set, the returned reader is limited to this byte length regardless of how many bytes the server sends.
3. If no length header, the reader is until server stream end.

Note: If you use read_to_end() on the resulting reader, a malicious server might return enough bytes to exhaust available memory. If you’re making requests to untrusted servers, you should use .take() to limit the response bytes read.

Example:

use std::io::Read;
let resp = ureq::get("http://httpbin.org/bytes/100")
    .call()?;

assert!(resp.has("Content-Length"));
let len: usize = resp.header("Content-Length")
    .unwrap()
    .parse()?;

let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
resp.into_reader()
    .take(10_000_000)
    .read_to_end(&mut bytes)?;

assert_eq!(bytes.len(), len);

pub fn into_string(self) -> Result<String>

Turn this response into a String of the response body. By default uses utf-8, but can work with charset, see below.

This is potentially memory inefficient for large bodies since the implementation first reads the reader to end into a Vec<u8> and then attempts to decode it using the charset.

If the response is larger than 10 megabytes, this will return an error.

Example:

let text = ureq::get("http://httpbin.org/get?success")
    .call()?
    .into_string()?;

assert!(text.contains("success"));

Charset support

If you enable feature ureq = { version = "*", features = ["charset"] }, into_string() attempts to respect the character encoding of the Content-Type header. If there is no Content-Type header, or the Content-Type header does not specify a charset, into_string() uses utf-8.

I.e. Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 would be decoded in latin-1.

pub fn into_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(self) -> Result<T>

Available on crate feature json only.

Read the body of this response into a serde_json::Value, or any other type that implements the serde::Deserialize trait.

You must use either a type annotation as shown below (message: Message), or the turbofish operator (::<Type>) so Rust knows what type you are trying to read.

Example:

// This import requires the `derive` feature on `serde`.
// Put this in Cargo.toml: serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
use serde::{Deserialize};

#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct Message {
    text: String,
}

let message: Message =
    ureq::get("http://example.com/get/hello_world.json")
        .call()?
        .into_json()?;

assert_eq!(message.text, "Ok");

Or, if you don’t want to define a struct to read your JSON into, you can use the convenient serde_json::Value type to parse arbitrary or unknown JSON.

let json: serde_json::Value = ureq::get("http://example.com/get/hello_world.json")
    .call()?
    .into_json()?;

assert_eq!(json["text"], "Ok");

Trait Implementations

impl Debug for Response

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static> From<Response<T>> for Response

Available on crate feature http-interop only.

Converts an http::Response into a Response.

As an http::Response does not contain a URL, "https://example.com/" is used as a placeholder. Additionally, if the response has a header which cannot be converted into the ureq equivalent, it will be skipped rather than having the conversion fail. The remote address property will also always be 127.0.0.1:80 for similar reasons to the URL.

let http_response = http::Response::builder().status(200).body("<response>")?;
let response: ureq::Response = http_response.into();

fn from(value: Response<T>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Send + Sync + 'static> From<Response<T>> for Response

Available on crate feature http-crate only.

Converts an http::Response into a Response.

As an http::Response does not contain a URL, "https://example.com/" is used as a placeholder. Additionally, if the response has a header which cannot be converted to ureq’s internal header representation, it will be skipped rather than having the conversion fail. The remote address property will also always be 127.0.0.1:80 for similar reasons to the URL.

let http_response = http::Response::builder().status(200).body("<response>")?;
let response: ureq::Response = http_response.into();

fn from(value: Response<T>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Error

fn from(resp: Response) -> Error

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<Box<dyn Read + Send + Sync + 'static>>

Available on crate feature http-interop only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a reader containing the body of the response.

use std::io::Read;
let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<Box<dyn Read + Send + Sync + 'static>> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<Box<dyn Read + Send + Sync + 'static>>

Available on crate feature http-crate only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a reader containing the body of the response.

use std::io::Read;
let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<Box<dyn Read + Send + Sync + 'static>> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<String>

Available on crate feature http-interop only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a String.

let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<String> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<String>

Available on crate feature http-crate only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a String.

let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<String> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<Vec<u8>>

Available on crate feature http-interop only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a Vec<u8>.

let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<Vec<u8>> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Response> for Response<Vec<u8>>

Available on crate feature http-crate only.

Converts a Response into an http::Response, where the body is a Vec<u8>.

let response = ureq::get("http://example.com").call()?;
let http_response: http::Response<Vec<u8>> = response.into();

fn from(value: Response) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl FromStr for Response

fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>

Parse a response from a string.

Example:

let s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
    X-Forwarded-For: 1.2.3.4\r\n\
    Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\
    \r\n\
    Hello World!!!";
let resp: ureq::Response = s.parse()?;
assert!(resp.has("X-Forwarded-For"));
let body = resp.into_string()?;
assert_eq!(body, "Hello World!!!");

type Err = Error

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.