tycho_simulation/evm/protocol/pancakeswap_v2/

state.rs

use std::{any::Any, collections::HashMap};

use alloy::primitives::U256;
use num_bigint::BigUint;
use num_traits::Zero;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use tycho_common::{
    dto::ProtocolStateDelta,
    models::token::Token,
    simulation::{
        errors::{SimulationError, TransitionError},
        protocol_sim::{
            Balances, GetAmountOutResult, PoolSwap, ProtocolSim, QueryPoolSwapParams,
            SwapConstraint,
        },
    },
    Bytes,
};

use crate::evm::protocol::{
    cpmm::protocol::{
        cpmm_delta_transition, cpmm_fee, cpmm_get_amount_out, cpmm_get_limits, cpmm_spot_price,
        cpmm_swap_to_price, ProtocolFee,
    },
    safe_math::{safe_add_u256, safe_sub_u256},
    u256_num::{biguint_to_u256, u256_to_biguint},
    utils::add_fee_markup,
};

const SWAP_BASE_GAS: u64 = 90_000;
const PANCAKESWAP_V2_FEE: u32 = 25; // 0.25% fee
const FEE_PRECISION: U256 = U256::from_limbs([10000, 0, 0, 0]);
const FEE_NUMERATOR: U256 = U256::from_limbs([9975, 0, 0, 0]);

#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PancakeswapV2State {
    pub reserve0: U256,
    pub reserve1: U256,
}

impl PancakeswapV2State {
    /// Creates a new instance of `PancakeswapV2State` with the given reserves.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `reserve0` - Reserve of token 0.
    /// * `reserve1` - Reserve of token 1.
    pub fn new(reserve0: U256, reserve1: U256) -> Self {
        PancakeswapV2State { reserve0, reserve1 }
    }
}

#[typetag::serde]
impl ProtocolSim for PancakeswapV2State {
    fn fee(&self) -> f64 {
        cpmm_fee(PANCAKESWAP_V2_FEE)
    }

    fn spot_price(&self, base: &Token, quote: &Token) -> Result<f64, SimulationError> {
        let price = cpmm_spot_price(base, quote, self.reserve0, self.reserve1)?;
        Ok(add_fee_markup(price, self.fee()))
    }

    fn get_amount_out(
        &self,
        amount_in: BigUint,
        token_in: &Token,
        token_out: &Token,
    ) -> Result<GetAmountOutResult, SimulationError> {
        let amount_in = biguint_to_u256(&amount_in);
        let zero2one = token_in.address < token_out.address;
        let (reserve_in, reserve_out) =
            if zero2one { (self.reserve0, self.reserve1) } else { (self.reserve1, self.reserve0) };
        let fee = ProtocolFee::new(FEE_NUMERATOR, FEE_PRECISION);
        let amount_out = cpmm_get_amount_out(amount_in, reserve_in, reserve_out, fee)?;
        let mut new_state = self.clone();
        let (reserve0_mut, reserve1_mut) = (&mut new_state.reserve0, &mut new_state.reserve1);
        if zero2one {
            *reserve0_mut = safe_add_u256(self.reserve0, amount_in)?;
            *reserve1_mut = safe_sub_u256(self.reserve1, amount_out)?;
        } else {
            *reserve0_mut = safe_sub_u256(self.reserve0, amount_out)?;
            *reserve1_mut = safe_add_u256(self.reserve1, amount_in)?;
        };
        Ok(GetAmountOutResult::new(
            u256_to_biguint(amount_out),
            BigUint::from(SWAP_BASE_GAS),
            Box::new(new_state),
        ))
    }

    fn get_limits(
        &self,
        sell_token: Bytes,
        buy_token: Bytes,
    ) -> Result<(BigUint, BigUint), SimulationError> {
        cpmm_get_limits(sell_token, buy_token, self.reserve0, self.reserve1, PANCAKESWAP_V2_FEE)
    }

    fn delta_transition(
        &mut self,
        delta: ProtocolStateDelta,
        _tokens: &HashMap<Bytes, Token>,
        _balances: &Balances,
    ) -> Result<(), TransitionError> {
        let (reserve0_mut, reserve1_mut) = (&mut self.reserve0, &mut self.reserve1);
        cpmm_delta_transition(delta, reserve0_mut, reserve1_mut)
    }

    fn query_pool_swap(&self, params: &QueryPoolSwapParams) -> Result<PoolSwap, SimulationError> {
        match params.swap_constraint() {
            SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                target: price,
                tolerance: _,
                min_amount_in: _,
                max_amount_in: _,
            } => {
                let zero2one = params.token_in().address < params.token_out().address;
                let (reserve_in, reserve_out) = if zero2one {
                    (self.reserve0, self.reserve1)
                } else {
                    (self.reserve1, self.reserve0)
                };

                let fee = ProtocolFee::new(FEE_NUMERATOR, FEE_PRECISION);
                let (amount_in, _) = cpmm_swap_to_price(reserve_in, reserve_out, price, fee)?;
                if amount_in.is_zero() {
                    return Ok(PoolSwap::new(
                        BigUint::ZERO,
                        BigUint::ZERO,
                        Box::new(self.clone()),
                        None,
                    ));
                }

                let res =
                    self.get_amount_out(amount_in.clone(), params.token_in(), params.token_out())?;
                Ok(PoolSwap::new(amount_in, res.amount, res.new_state, None))
            }
            SwapConstraint::TradeLimitPrice { .. } => Err(SimulationError::InvalidInput(
                "PancakeSwapV2State does not support TradeLimitPrice constraint in query_pool_swap"
                    .to_string(),
                None,
            )),
        }
    }

    fn clone_box(&self) -> Box<dyn ProtocolSim> {
        Box::new(self.clone())
    }

    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
        self
    }

    fn eq(&self, other: &dyn ProtocolSim) -> bool {
        if let Some(other_state) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<Self>() {
            let (self_reserve0, self_reserve1) = (self.reserve0, self.reserve1);
            let (other_reserve0, other_reserve1) = (other_state.reserve0, other_state.reserve1);
            self_reserve0 == other_reserve0 &&
                self_reserve1 == other_reserve1 &&
                self.fee() == other_state.fee()
        } else {
            false
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::{
        collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
        str::FromStr,
    };

    use approx::assert_ulps_eq;
    use num_bigint::BigUint;
    use num_traits::One;
    use rstest::rstest;
    use tycho_common::{
        dto::ProtocolStateDelta,
        hex_bytes::Bytes,
        models::{token::Token, Chain},
        simulation::{
            errors::{SimulationError, TransitionError},
            protocol_sim::{Balances, Price, ProtocolSim},
        },
    };

    use super::*;

    fn token_0() -> Token {
        Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap(),
            "T0",
            18,
            0,
            &[Some(100_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        )
    }

    fn token_1() -> Token {
        Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
            "T1",
            18,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        )
    }
    #[test]
    fn test_get_amount_out() {
        // Values based on mainnet WETH/USDC pool swap at transaction
        // 0x6b3193b0ce348cf45d2c70a6481d8088f58ee22ba41502b611a2b045f4464c9f
        let t0 = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap(),
            "WETH",
            18,
            0,
            &[Some(100_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );

        let t1 = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
            "USDC",
            6,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );
        let reserve0 = U256::from_str("114293490733").unwrap();
        let reserve1 = U256::from_str("69592908201923870949").unwrap();
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(reserve0, reserve1);
        let amount_in = BigUint::from_str("13088600769481610").unwrap();

        let res = state
            .get_amount_out(amount_in.clone(), &t1, &t0)
            .unwrap();

        let exp = BigUint::from_str("21437847").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(res.amount, exp);
        let new_state = res
            .new_state
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<PancakeswapV2State>()
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(new_state.reserve0, U256::from_str("114272052886").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(new_state.reserve1, U256::from_str("69605996802693352559").unwrap());
        // Assert that the old state is unchanged
        assert_eq!(state.reserve0, reserve0);
        assert_eq!(state.reserve1, reserve1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_amount_out_overflow() {
        let r0 = U256::from_str("33372357002392258830279").unwrap();
        let r1 = U256::from_str("43356945776493").unwrap();
        let amount_in = (BigUint::one() << 256) - BigUint::one(); // U256 max value
        let t0d = 18;
        let t1d = 16;
        let t0 = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap(),
            "T0",
            t0d,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );
        let t1 = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
            "T0",
            t1d,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(r0, r1);

        let res = state.get_amount_out(amount_in, &t0, &t1);
        assert!(res.is_err());
        let err = res.err().unwrap();
        assert!(matches!(err, SimulationError::FatalError(_)));
    }

    #[rstest]
    #[case(true, 0.0008230295686841545)] // 0.0008209719947624441 / 0.9975
    #[case(false, 1221.12114914985)] // 1218.0683462769755 / 0.9975
    fn test_spot_price(#[case] zero_to_one: bool, #[case] exp: f64) {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("36925554990922").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("30314846538607556521556").unwrap(),
        );
        let usdc = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48").unwrap(),
            "USDC",
            6,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );
        let weth = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2").unwrap(),
            "WETH",
            18,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );

        let res = if zero_to_one {
            state.spot_price(&usdc, &weth).unwrap()
        } else {
            state.spot_price(&weth, &usdc).unwrap()
        };

        assert_ulps_eq!(res, exp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fee() {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("36925554990922").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("30314846538607556521556").unwrap(),
        );

        let res = state.fee();

        assert_ulps_eq!(res, 0.0025); // 0.25% fee
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_delta_transition() {
        let mut state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("1000").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("1000").unwrap(),
        );
        let attributes: HashMap<String, Bytes> = vec![
            ("reserve0".to_string(), Bytes::from(1500_u64.to_be_bytes().to_vec())),
            ("reserve1".to_string(), Bytes::from(2000_u64.to_be_bytes().to_vec())),
        ]
        .into_iter()
        .collect();
        let delta = ProtocolStateDelta {
            component_id: "State1".to_owned(),
            updated_attributes: attributes,
            deleted_attributes: HashSet::new(),
        };

        let res = state.delta_transition(delta, &HashMap::new(), &Balances::default());

        assert!(res.is_ok());
        assert_eq!(state.reserve0, U256::from_str("1500").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(state.reserve1, U256::from_str("2000").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_delta_transition_missing_attribute() {
        let mut state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("1000").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("1000").unwrap(),
        );
        let attributes: HashMap<String, Bytes> =
            vec![("reserve0".to_string(), Bytes::from(1500_u64.to_be_bytes().to_vec()))]
                .into_iter()
                .collect();
        let delta = ProtocolStateDelta {
            component_id: "State1".to_owned(),
            updated_attributes: attributes,
            deleted_attributes: HashSet::new(),
        };

        let res = state.delta_transition(delta, &HashMap::new(), &Balances::default());

        assert!(res.is_err());
        match res {
            Err(e) => {
                assert!(matches!(e, TransitionError::MissingAttribute(ref x) if x=="reserve1"))
            }
            _ => panic!("Test failed: was expecting an Err value"),
        };
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_limits_price_impact() {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("1000").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("100000").unwrap(),
        );

        let (amount_in, _) = state
            .get_limits(
                Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000").unwrap(),
                Bytes::from_str("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001").unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap();

        let token_0 = token_0();
        let token_1 = token_1();

        let result = state
            .get_amount_out(amount_in.clone(), &token_0, &token_1)
            .unwrap();
        let new_state = result.new_state;

        let initial_price = state
            .spot_price(&token_0, &token_1)
            .unwrap();
        let new_price = new_state
            .spot_price(&token_0, &token_1)
            .unwrap();

        // Price impact should be approximately 90% (new_price ≈ initial_price / 10)
        // Due to fees being added to pool liquidity, actual impact is slightly less than 90%
        // (see cpmm_get_limits documentation for details)
        let price_impact = 1.0 - new_price / initial_price;
        assert!(
            (0.899..=0.90).contains(&price_impact),
            "Price impact should be approximately 90%. Actual impact: {:.2}%",
            price_impact * 100.0
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_below_spot() {
        // Pool with reserve0=2000000, reserve1=1000000
        // Current price: reserve1/reserve0 = 1000000/2000000 = 0.5 token_out per token_in
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(U256::from(2_000_000u32), U256::from(1_000_000u32));

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Target price: 2/5 = 0.4 token_out per token_in (lower than current 0.5)
        // Selling token_in decreases price from 0.5 down to 0.4
        let target_price = Price::new(BigUint::from(2u32), BigUint::from(5u32));

        let params = QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
            token_in.clone(),
            token_out.clone(),
            SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                target: target_price,
                tolerance: 0f64,
                min_amount_in: None,
                max_amount_in: None,
            },
        );

        let pool_swap = state.query_pool_swap(&params).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            *pool_swap.amount_in(),
            BigUint::from(233271u32),
            "Should require some input amount"
        );
        assert_eq!(*pool_swap.amount_out(), BigUint::from(104218u32));

        // Verify that swapping this amount brings us close to the target price
        let new_state = pool_swap
            .new_state()
            .as_any()
            .downcast_ref::<PancakeswapV2State>()
            .unwrap();

        // The new reserves should reflect the target price
        // Price = reserve1/reserve0, so if price = 0.4, then reserve0/reserve1 = 2.5
        let new_reserve_ratio =
            new_state.reserve0.to::<u128>() as f64 / new_state.reserve1.to::<u128>() as f64;
        let expected_ratio = 2.5;

        // Allow for some difference due to fees and rounding
        assert!(
            (new_reserve_ratio - expected_ratio).abs() < 0.01,
            "New reserve ratio {new_reserve_ratio} should be close to expected {expected_ratio}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_unreachable() {
        // Pool with 2:1 ratio
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(U256::from(2_000_000u32), U256::from(1_000_000u32));

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Target price is unreachable (should return error)
        // Current pool price: reserve_out/reserve_in = 1000000/2000000 = 0.5 token_out per
        // token_in Target: 1/1 = 1.0 token_out per token_in
        // Selling token_in decreases pool price, so we can't reach 1.0 from 0.5
        let target_price = Price::new(BigUint::from(1u32), BigUint::from(1u32));

        let result = state.query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
            token_in,
            token_out,
            SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                target: target_price,
                tolerance: 0f64,
                min_amount_in: None,
                max_amount_in: None,
            },
        ));

        assert!(result.is_err(), "Should return error when target price is unreachable");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_at_spot_price() {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(U256::from(2_000_000u32), U256::from(1_000_000u32));

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Calculate spot price with fee (token_out/token_in):
        // Marginal price = (FEE_NUMERATOR * reserve_out) / (FEE_PRECISION * reserve_in)
        let spot_price_num = U256::from(1_000_000u32) * FEE_NUMERATOR;
        let spot_price_den = U256::from(2_000_000u32) * FEE_PRECISION;

        let target_price =
            Price::new(u256_to_biguint(spot_price_num), u256_to_biguint(spot_price_den));

        let pool_swap = state
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                token_in,
                token_out,
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();

        // At exact spot price, we should return zero amount
        assert_eq!(
            *pool_swap.amount_in(),
            BigUint::ZERO,
            "At spot price should require zero input amount"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            *pool_swap.amount_out(),
            BigUint::ZERO,
            "At spot price should return zero output amount"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_slightly_below_spot() {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(U256::from(2_000_000u32), U256::from(1_000_000u32));

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Calculate spot price with fee and subtract small amount to move slightly below
        // Current spot (token_out/token_in with fees): (FEE_NUMERATOR * reserve_out) /
        // (FEE_PRECISION * reserve_in) Target: slightly below current spot (multiply numerator by
        // 99999/100000)
        let spot_price_num = U256::from(1_000_000u32) * FEE_NUMERATOR * U256::from(99_999u32);
        let spot_price_den = U256::from(2_000_000u32) * FEE_PRECISION * U256::from(100_000u32);

        let target_price =
            Price::new(u256_to_biguint(spot_price_num), u256_to_biguint(spot_price_den));

        let pool_swap = state
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                token_in,
                token_out,
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();

        assert!(
            *pool_swap.amount_in() > BigUint::ZERO,
            "Should return non-zero amount for target slightly below spot"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_large_pool() {
        // Test with realistic large reserves
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from_str("6770398782322527849696614").unwrap(),
            U256::from_str("5124813135806900540214").unwrap(),
        );

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Current price (token_out/token_in) = reserve1/reserve0
        // To target a slightly lower price (move price down 10%), we can use:
        // target_price = (reserve1 * 9) / (reserve0 * 10)
        // This avoids floating point precision issues with large numbers
        let price_numerator = u256_to_biguint(state.reserve1) * BigUint::from(9u32);
        let price_denominator = u256_to_biguint(state.reserve0) * BigUint::from(10u32);

        let target_price = Price::new(price_numerator, price_denominator);

        let pool_swap = state
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                token_in,
                token_out,
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();

        assert!(*pool_swap.amount_in() > BigUint::ZERO, "Should require some input amount");
        assert!(*pool_swap.amount_out() > BigUint::ZERO, "Should get some output");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_basic() {
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(U256::from(1_000_000u32), U256::from(2_000_000u32));

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        let target_price = Price::new(BigUint::from(2u32), BigUint::from(3u32));

        let pool_swap = state
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                token_in,
                token_out,
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();
        assert!(*pool_swap.amount_in() > BigUint::ZERO, "Amount in should be non-zero");
        assert!(*pool_swap.amount_out() > BigUint::ZERO, "Amount out should be non-zero");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_to_price_validates_actual_output() {
        // Test that query_supply validates actual_output >= expected_output
        let state = PancakeswapV2State::new(
            U256::from(1_000_000u128) * U256::from(1_000_000_000_000_000_000u128),
            U256::from(2_000_000u128) * U256::from(1_000_000_000_000_000_000u128),
        );

        let token_in = token_0();
        let token_out = token_1();

        // Current pool price: 2M/1M = 2.0 token_out per token_in
        // Target: slightly lower (e.g., 1.95:1 = 1_950_000/1_000_000)
        // This is reachable by selling token_in
        let target_price = Price::new(BigUint::from(1_950_000u128), BigUint::from(1_000_000u128));

        let pool_swap = state
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                token_in,
                token_out,
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();
        assert!(
            *pool_swap.amount_out() > BigUint::ZERO,
            "Should return amount out for valid price"
        );
        assert!(*pool_swap.amount_in() > BigUint::ZERO, "Should return amount in for valid price");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_swap_around_spot_price() {
        let usdc = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48").unwrap(),
            "USDC",
            6,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );
        let dai = Token::new(
            &Bytes::from_str("0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f").unwrap(),
            "DAI",
            18,
            0,
            &[Some(10_000)],
            Chain::Ethereum,
            100,
        );

        let reserve_0 = U256::from_str("735952457913070155214197").unwrap();
        let reserve_1 = U256::from_str("735997725943000000000000").unwrap();

        let pool = PancakeswapV2State::new(reserve_0, reserve_1);

        // Reserves: reserve_0 = DAI, reserve_1 = USDC (DAI address < USDC address)
        let reserve_usdc = reserve_1;
        let reserve_dai = reserve_0;

        // Calculate spot price (USDC/DAI with fee)
        let spot_price_dai_per_usdc_num = reserve_dai
            .checked_mul(U256::from(10000u32))
            .unwrap();
        let spot_price_dai_per_usdc_den = reserve_usdc
            .checked_mul(U256::from(10025u32))
            .unwrap();

        // Test 1: Price above reachable limit (more DAI per USDC than pool can provide) -should
        // return error Multiply by 1001/1000 to go above reachable limit
        let above_limit_num = spot_price_dai_per_usdc_num
            .checked_mul(U256::from(1001u32))
            .unwrap();
        let above_limit_den = spot_price_dai_per_usdc_den
            .checked_mul(U256::from(1000u32))
            .unwrap();
        let target_price =
            Price::new(u256_to_biguint(above_limit_num), u256_to_biguint(above_limit_den));

        let result_above_limit = pool.query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
            usdc.clone(),
            dai.clone(),
            SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                target: target_price,
                tolerance: 0f64,
                min_amount_in: None,
                max_amount_in: None,
            },
        ));
        assert!(result_above_limit.is_err(), "Should return error for price above reachable limit");

        // Test 2: Price just below reachable limit - should return non-zero
        // Multiply by 100_000/100_001 to go slightly below (more reachable)
        let below_limit_num = spot_price_dai_per_usdc_num
            .checked_mul(U256::from(100_000u32))
            .unwrap();
        let below_limit_den = spot_price_dai_per_usdc_den
            .checked_mul(U256::from(100_001u32))
            .unwrap();
        let target_price =
            Price::new(u256_to_biguint(below_limit_num), u256_to_biguint(below_limit_den));

        let swap_below_limit = pool
            .query_pool_swap(&QueryPoolSwapParams::new(
                usdc.clone(),
                dai.clone(),
                SwapConstraint::PoolTargetPrice {
                    target: target_price,
                    tolerance: 0f64,
                    min_amount_in: None,
                    max_amount_in: None,
                },
            ))
            .unwrap();

        assert!(
            swap_below_limit.amount_out().clone() > BigUint::ZERO,
            "Should return non-zero for reachable price"
        );

        // Verify with actual swap
        let actual_result = pool
            .get_amount_out(swap_below_limit.amount_in().clone(), &usdc, &dai)
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            biguint_to_u256(&actual_result.amount),
            U256::from(1376434275718772760u128),
            "Should return non-zero amount"
        );
        assert!(
            actual_result.amount >= swap_below_limit.amount_out().clone(),
            "Actual swap should give at least predicted amount"
        );
    }
}