tui/

terminal.rs

use crate::{
    backend::Backend,
    buffer::Buffer,
    layout::Rect,
    widgets::{StatefulWidget, Widget},
};
use std::io;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
/// UNSTABLE
enum ResizeBehavior {
    Fixed,
    Auto,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
/// UNSTABLE
pub struct Viewport {
    area: Rect,
    resize_behavior: ResizeBehavior,
}

impl Viewport {
    /// UNSTABLE
    pub fn fixed(area: Rect) -> Viewport {
        Viewport {
            area,
            resize_behavior: ResizeBehavior::Fixed,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
/// Options to pass to [`Terminal::with_options`]
pub struct TerminalOptions {
    /// Viewport used to draw to the terminal
    pub viewport: Viewport,
}

/// Interface to the terminal backed by Termion
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Terminal<B>
where
    B: Backend,
{
    backend: B,
    /// Holds the results of the current and previous draw calls. The two are compared at the end
    /// of each draw pass to output the necessary updates to the terminal
    buffers: [Buffer; 2],
    /// Index of the current buffer in the previous array
    current: usize,
    /// Whether the cursor is currently hidden
    hidden_cursor: bool,
    /// Viewport
    viewport: Viewport,
}

/// Represents a consistent terminal interface for rendering.
pub struct Frame<'a, B: 'a>
where
    B: Backend,
{
    terminal: &'a mut Terminal<B>,

    /// Where should the cursor be after drawing this frame?
    ///
    /// If `None`, the cursor is hidden and its position is controlled by the backend. If `Some((x,
    /// y))`, the cursor is shown and placed at `(x, y)` after the call to `Terminal::draw()`.
    cursor_position: Option<(u16, u16)>,
}

impl<'a, B> Frame<'a, B>
where
    B: Backend,
{
    /// Terminal size, guaranteed not to change when rendering.
    pub fn size(&self) -> Rect {
        self.terminal.viewport.area
    }

    /// Render a [`Widget`] to the current buffer using [`Widget::render`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use tui::Terminal;
    /// # use tui::backend::TestBackend;
    /// # use tui::layout::Rect;
    /// # use tui::widgets::Block;
    /// # let backend = TestBackend::new(5, 5);
    /// # let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend).unwrap();
    /// let block = Block::default();
    /// let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 5);
    /// let mut frame = terminal.get_frame();
    /// frame.render_widget(block, area);
    /// ```
    pub fn render_widget<W>(&mut self, widget: W, area: Rect)
    where
        W: Widget,
    {
        widget.render(area, self.terminal.current_buffer_mut());
    }

    /// Render a [`StatefulWidget`] to the current buffer using [`StatefulWidget::render`].
    ///
    /// The last argument should be an instance of the [`StatefulWidget::State`] associated to the
    /// given [`StatefulWidget`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use tui::Terminal;
    /// # use tui::backend::TestBackend;
    /// # use tui::layout::Rect;
    /// # use tui::widgets::{List, ListItem, ListState};
    /// # let backend = TestBackend::new(5, 5);
    /// # let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend).unwrap();
    /// let mut state = ListState::default();
    /// state.select(Some(1));
    /// let items = vec![
    ///     ListItem::new("Item 1"),
    ///     ListItem::new("Item 2"),
    /// ];
    /// let list = List::new(items);
    /// let area = Rect::new(0, 0, 5, 5);
    /// let mut frame = terminal.get_frame();
    /// frame.render_stateful_widget(list, area, &mut state);
    /// ```
    pub fn render_stateful_widget<W>(&mut self, widget: W, area: Rect, state: &mut W::State)
    where
        W: StatefulWidget,
    {
        widget.render(area, self.terminal.current_buffer_mut(), state);
    }

    /// After drawing this frame, make the cursor visible and put it at the specified (x, y)
    /// coordinates. If this method is not called, the cursor will be hidden.
    ///
    /// Note that this will interfere with calls to `Terminal::hide_cursor()`,
    /// `Terminal::show_cursor()`, and `Terminal::set_cursor()`. Pick one of the APIs and stick
    /// with it.
    pub fn set_cursor(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16) {
        self.cursor_position = Some((x, y));
    }
}

/// CompletedFrame represents the state of the terminal after all changes performed in the last
/// [`Terminal::draw`] call have been applied. Therefore, it is only valid until the next call to
/// [`Terminal::draw`].
pub struct CompletedFrame<'a> {
    pub buffer: &'a Buffer,
    pub area: Rect,
}

impl<B> Drop for Terminal<B>
where
    B: Backend,
{
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Attempt to restore the cursor state
        if self.hidden_cursor {
            if let Err(err) = self.show_cursor() {
                eprintln!("Failed to show the cursor: {}", err);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<B> Terminal<B>
where
    B: Backend,
{
    /// Wrapper around Terminal initialization. Each buffer is initialized with a blank string and
    /// default colors for the foreground and the background
    pub fn new(backend: B) -> io::Result<Terminal<B>> {
        let size = backend.size()?;
        Terminal::with_options(
            backend,
            TerminalOptions {
                viewport: Viewport {
                    area: size,
                    resize_behavior: ResizeBehavior::Auto,
                },
            },
        )
    }

    /// UNSTABLE
    pub fn with_options(backend: B, options: TerminalOptions) -> io::Result<Terminal<B>> {
        Ok(Terminal {
            backend,
            buffers: [
                Buffer::empty(options.viewport.area),
                Buffer::empty(options.viewport.area),
            ],
            current: 0,
            hidden_cursor: false,
            viewport: options.viewport,
        })
    }

    /// Get a Frame object which provides a consistent view into the terminal state for rendering.
    pub fn get_frame(&mut self) -> Frame<B> {
        Frame {
            terminal: self,
            cursor_position: None,
        }
    }

    pub fn current_buffer_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Buffer {
        &mut self.buffers[self.current]
    }

    pub fn backend(&self) -> &B {
        &self.backend
    }

    pub fn backend_mut(&mut self) -> &mut B {
        &mut self.backend
    }

    /// Obtains a difference between the previous and the current buffer and passes it to the
    /// current backend for drawing.
    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        let previous_buffer = &self.buffers[1 - self.current];
        let current_buffer = &self.buffers[self.current];
        let updates = previous_buffer.diff(current_buffer);
        self.backend.draw(updates.into_iter())
    }

    /// Updates the Terminal so that internal buffers match the requested size. Requested size will
    /// be saved so the size can remain consistent when rendering.
    /// This leads to a full clear of the screen.
    pub fn resize(&mut self, area: Rect) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.buffers[self.current].resize(area);
        self.buffers[1 - self.current].resize(area);
        self.viewport.area = area;
        self.clear()
    }

    /// Queries the backend for size and resizes if it doesn't match the previous size.
    pub fn autoresize(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        if self.viewport.resize_behavior == ResizeBehavior::Auto {
            let size = self.size()?;
            if size != self.viewport.area {
                self.resize(size)?;
            }
        };
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Synchronizes terminal size, calls the rendering closure, flushes the current internal state
    /// and prepares for the next draw call.
    pub fn draw<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> io::Result<CompletedFrame>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut Frame<B>),
    {
        // Autoresize - otherwise we get glitches if shrinking or potential desync between widgets
        // and the terminal (if growing), which may OOB.
        self.autoresize()?;

        let mut frame = self.get_frame();
        f(&mut frame);
        // We can't change the cursor position right away because we have to flush the frame to
        // stdout first. But we also can't keep the frame around, since it holds a &mut to
        // Terminal. Thus, we're taking the important data out of the Frame and dropping it.
        let cursor_position = frame.cursor_position;

        // Draw to stdout
        self.flush()?;

        match cursor_position {
            None => self.hide_cursor()?,
            Some((x, y)) => {
                self.show_cursor()?;
                self.set_cursor(x, y)?;
            }
        }

        // Swap buffers
        self.buffers[1 - self.current].reset();
        self.current = 1 - self.current;

        // Flush
        self.backend.flush()?;
        Ok(CompletedFrame {
            buffer: &self.buffers[1 - self.current],
            area: self.viewport.area,
        })
    }

    pub fn hide_cursor(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.backend.hide_cursor()?;
        self.hidden_cursor = true;
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn show_cursor(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.backend.show_cursor()?;
        self.hidden_cursor = false;
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn get_cursor(&mut self) -> io::Result<(u16, u16)> {
        self.backend.get_cursor()
    }

    pub fn set_cursor(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.backend.set_cursor(x, y)
    }

    /// Clear the terminal and force a full redraw on the next draw call.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.backend.clear()?;
        // Reset the back buffer to make sure the next update will redraw everything.
        self.buffers[1 - self.current].reset();
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Queries the real size of the backend.
    pub fn size(&self) -> io::Result<Rect> {
        self.backend.size()
    }
}