trustformers_core/hardware/

asic.rs

// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 COOLJAPAN OU (Team KitaSan)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

//! Custom ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) support for TrustformeRS
//!
//! This module provides a comprehensive framework for integrating custom ASICs
//! with the TrustformeRS ecosystem. It supports various ASIC types including
//! AI accelerators, neural processing units, and custom silicon designs.

#![allow(unused_variables)] // ASIC hardware backend

use super::traits::{
    AsyncOperationHandle, DeviceMemory, DeviceStatus, HardwareBackend, HardwareDevice, MemoryType,
};
use super::{
    DataType, HardwareCapabilities, HardwareConfig, HardwareMetrics, HardwareResult, HardwareType,
};
use crate::errors::TrustformersError;
use async_trait::async_trait;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
use tokio::time;

/// ASIC device types
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum AsicType {
    /// AI inference accelerator
    AIInference,
    /// Neural processing unit
    NPU,
    /// Tensor processing unit
    TPU,
    /// Digital signal processor
    DSP,
    /// Vision processing unit
    VPU,
    /// Cryptographic processor
    Crypto,
    /// Edge AI accelerator
    EdgeAI,
    /// Custom ASIC with specific name
    Custom(String),
}

/// ASIC vendor information
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AsicVendor {
    /// Vendor name
    pub name: String,
    /// Vendor ID
    pub id: u16,
    /// Driver version
    pub driver_version: String,
    /// Firmware version
    pub firmware_version: String,
    /// Support contact
    pub support_contact: Option<String>,
}

/// ASIC device specification
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AsicSpec {
    /// ASIC type
    pub asic_type: AsicType,
    /// Vendor information
    pub vendor: AsicVendor,
    /// Model name
    pub model: String,
    /// Hardware revision
    pub revision: String,
    /// Manufacturing process node (nm)
    pub process_node: Option<u16>,
    /// Die size (mm²)
    pub die_size: Option<f64>,
    /// Package type
    pub package: Option<String>,
    /// Operating frequency range (MHz)
    pub frequency_range: Option<(u32, u32)>,
    /// Power consumption range (W)
    pub power_range: Option<(f64, f64)>,
    /// Operating temperature range (°C)
    pub temperature_range: Option<(f64, f64)>,
}

/// ASIC device configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AsicDeviceConfig {
    /// Base hardware configuration
    pub base_config: HardwareConfig,
    /// ASIC specification
    pub spec: AsicSpec,
    /// Clock frequency (MHz)
    pub clock_frequency: Option<u32>,
    /// Voltage settings (V)
    pub voltage: Option<f64>,
    /// Power limit (W)
    pub power_limit: Option<f64>,
    /// Thermal limit (°C)
    pub thermal_limit: Option<f64>,
    /// Memory configuration
    pub memory_config: AsicMemoryConfig,
    /// Instruction set architecture
    pub instruction_set: Option<String>,
    /// Custom initialization parameters
    pub init_params: HashMap<String, String>,
}

/// ASIC memory configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AsicMemoryConfig {
    /// On-chip memory size (bytes)
    pub on_chip_memory: Option<usize>,
    /// Off-chip memory size (bytes)
    pub off_chip_memory: Option<usize>,
    /// Memory bandwidth (GB/s)
    pub memory_bandwidth: Option<f64>,
    /// Memory latency (ns)
    pub memory_latency: Option<f64>,
    /// Cache configuration
    pub cache_config: CacheConfig,
}

/// Cache configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CacheConfig {
    /// L1 cache size (bytes)
    pub l1_size: Option<usize>,
    /// L2 cache size (bytes)
    pub l2_size: Option<usize>,
    /// L3 cache size (bytes)
    pub l3_size: Option<usize>,
    /// Cache line size (bytes)
    pub line_size: Option<usize>,
    /// Cache associativity
    pub associativity: Option<u8>,
}

/// ASIC operation set
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AsicOperationSet {
    /// Operation name
    pub name: String,
    /// Supported operations
    pub operations: Vec<String>,
    /// Performance characteristics
    pub performance: HashMap<String, f64>,
    /// Memory requirements
    pub memory_requirements: HashMap<String, usize>,
    /// Precision support
    pub precision_support: Vec<DataType>,
    /// Instruction encoding
    pub instruction_encoding: Option<String>,
}

/// ASIC device implementation
pub struct AsicDevice {
    /// Device configuration
    config: AsicDeviceConfig,
    /// Current status
    status: Arc<Mutex<DeviceStatus>>,
    /// Device capabilities
    capabilities: HardwareCapabilities,
    /// Operation sets
    operation_sets: Vec<AsicOperationSet>,
    /// Memory pools
    memory_pools: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<String, Vec<DeviceMemory>>>>,
    /// Active operations
    active_operations: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<String, AsyncOperationHandle>>>,
    /// Device driver interface
    driver: Option<Box<dyn AsicDriver>>,
    /// Performance monitor
    performance_monitor: Arc<Mutex<AsicPerformanceMonitor>>,
}

/// ASIC driver trait
#[async_trait]
pub trait AsicDriver: Send + Sync {
    /// Initialize driver
    async fn initialize(&mut self, config: &AsicDeviceConfig) -> HardwareResult<()>;

    /// Execute raw instruction
    async fn execute_instruction(&self, instruction: &[u8]) -> HardwareResult<Vec<u8>>;

    /// Read device register
    async fn read_register(&self, address: u64) -> HardwareResult<u64>;

    /// Write device register
    async fn write_register(&self, address: u64, value: u64) -> HardwareResult<()>;

    /// Transfer data to device
    async fn transfer_to_device(&self, data: &[u8], address: u64) -> HardwareResult<()>;

    /// Transfer data from device
    async fn transfer_from_device(&self, address: u64, size: usize) -> HardwareResult<Vec<u8>>;

    /// Get device status
    async fn get_status(&self) -> HardwareResult<DeviceStatus>;

    /// Reset device
    async fn reset(&mut self) -> HardwareResult<()>;

    /// Configure device
    async fn configure(&mut self, config: &AsicDeviceConfig) -> HardwareResult<()>;

    /// Get device metrics
    async fn get_metrics(&self) -> HardwareResult<HardwareMetrics>;
}

/// ASIC performance monitor
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AsicPerformanceMonitor {
    /// Operation counters
    pub operation_counters: HashMap<String, u64>,
    /// Performance metrics
    pub metrics: HardwareMetrics,
    /// Thermal history
    pub thermal_history: Vec<(SystemTime, f64)>,
    /// Power history
    pub power_history: Vec<(SystemTime, f64)>,
    /// Error counters
    pub error_counters: HashMap<String, u64>,
    /// Utilization history
    pub utilization_history: Vec<(SystemTime, f64)>,
}

impl AsicDevice {
    /// Create new ASIC device
    pub fn new(config: AsicDeviceConfig) -> Self {
        let capabilities = Self::build_capabilities(&config);
        let operation_sets = Self::build_operation_sets(&config);

        Self {
            config,
            status: Arc::new(Mutex::new(DeviceStatus::default())),
            capabilities,
            operation_sets,
            memory_pools: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            active_operations: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            driver: None,
            performance_monitor: Arc::new(Mutex::new(AsicPerformanceMonitor::new())),
        }
    }

    /// Set device driver
    pub fn set_driver(&mut self, driver: Box<dyn AsicDriver>) {
        self.driver = Some(driver);
    }

    /// Build capabilities from configuration
    fn build_capabilities(config: &AsicDeviceConfig) -> HardwareCapabilities {
        let mut capabilities = HardwareCapabilities::default();

        // Set data types based on ASIC type
        match config.spec.asic_type {
            AsicType::AIInference | AsicType::NPU => {
                capabilities.data_types = vec![
                    DataType::F32,
                    DataType::F16,
                    DataType::BF16,
                    DataType::I8,
                    DataType::I16,
                    DataType::I32,
                ];
            },
            AsicType::TPU => {
                capabilities.data_types = vec![DataType::F32, DataType::BF16, DataType::I8];
            },
            AsicType::DSP => {
                capabilities.data_types = vec![
                    DataType::F32,
                    DataType::F64,
                    DataType::I16,
                    DataType::I32,
                    DataType::Complex64,
                    DataType::Complex128,
                ];
            },
            AsicType::VPU => {
                capabilities.data_types = vec![DataType::F16, DataType::I8, DataType::U8];
            },
            AsicType::Crypto => {
                capabilities.data_types =
                    vec![DataType::U8, DataType::U16, DataType::U32, DataType::U64];
            },
            AsicType::EdgeAI => {
                capabilities.data_types = vec![DataType::F16, DataType::I8, DataType::U8];
            },
            AsicType::Custom(_) => {
                // Use default data types for custom ASICs
                capabilities.data_types = vec![DataType::F32, DataType::I32];
            },
        }

        // Set memory size
        if let Some(on_chip) = config.memory_config.on_chip_memory {
            capabilities.memory_size = Some(on_chip);
        } else if let Some(off_chip) = config.memory_config.off_chip_memory {
            capabilities.memory_size = Some(off_chip);
        }

        // Set clock frequency
        if let Some(freq) = config.clock_frequency {
            capabilities.clock_frequency = Some(freq as u64 * 1_000_000); // Convert MHz to Hz
        }

        // Set operations based on ASIC type
        capabilities.operations = match config.spec.asic_type {
            AsicType::AIInference | AsicType::NPU => vec![
                "matmul".to_string(),
                "conv2d".to_string(),
                "activation".to_string(),
                "pooling".to_string(),
                "normalization".to_string(),
                "attention".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::TPU => vec![
                "matmul".to_string(),
                "conv2d".to_string(),
                "systolic_array".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::DSP => vec![
                "fft".to_string(),
                "filter".to_string(),
                "transform".to_string(),
                "correlation".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::VPU => vec![
                "conv2d".to_string(),
                "pooling".to_string(),
                "resize".to_string(),
                "color_space".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::Crypto => vec![
                "encrypt".to_string(),
                "decrypt".to_string(),
                "hash".to_string(),
                "signature".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::EdgeAI => vec![
                "inference".to_string(),
                "quantization".to_string(),
                "compression".to_string(),
            ],
            AsicType::Custom(_) => vec!["custom_op".to_string()],
        };

        capabilities
    }

    /// Build operation sets from configuration
    fn build_operation_sets(config: &AsicDeviceConfig) -> Vec<AsicOperationSet> {
        let mut operation_sets = Vec::new();

        match config.spec.asic_type {
            AsicType::AIInference | AsicType::NPU => {
                operation_sets.push(AsicOperationSet {
                    name: "ml_ops".to_string(),
                    operations: vec![
                        "matmul".to_string(),
                        "conv2d".to_string(),
                        "activation".to_string(),
                        "pooling".to_string(),
                        "normalization".to_string(),
                        "attention".to_string(),
                    ],
                    performance: [
                        ("matmul".to_string(), 1000.0),
                        ("conv2d".to_string(), 800.0),
                        ("activation".to_string(), 2000.0),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    memory_requirements: [
                        ("matmul".to_string(), 1024 * 1024),
                        ("conv2d".to_string(), 2048 * 1024),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    precision_support: vec![DataType::F32, DataType::F16, DataType::I8],
                    instruction_encoding: Some("custom_ml".to_string()),
                });
            },
            AsicType::TPU => {
                operation_sets.push(AsicOperationSet {
                    name: "tensor_ops".to_string(),
                    operations: vec![
                        "matmul".to_string(),
                        "conv2d".to_string(),
                        "systolic_array".to_string(),
                    ],
                    performance: [
                        ("matmul".to_string(), 2000.0),
                        ("systolic_array".to_string(), 3000.0),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    memory_requirements: [
                        ("matmul".to_string(), 512 * 1024),
                        ("systolic_array".to_string(), 1024 * 1024),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    precision_support: vec![DataType::F32, DataType::BF16, DataType::I8],
                    instruction_encoding: Some("tpu_v4".to_string()),
                });
            },
            AsicType::DSP => {
                operation_sets.push(AsicOperationSet {
                    name: "signal_ops".to_string(),
                    operations: vec![
                        "fft".to_string(),
                        "filter".to_string(),
                        "transform".to_string(),
                        "correlation".to_string(),
                    ],
                    performance: [("fft".to_string(), 1500.0), ("filter".to_string(), 1200.0)]
                        .into(),
                    memory_requirements: [
                        ("fft".to_string(), 256 * 1024),
                        ("filter".to_string(), 128 * 1024),
                    ]
                    .into(),
                    precision_support: vec![DataType::F32, DataType::F64, DataType::Complex64],
                    instruction_encoding: Some("dsp_v2".to_string()),
                });
            },
            _ => {
                // Default operation set for other ASIC types
                operation_sets.push(AsicOperationSet {
                    name: "basic_ops".to_string(),
                    operations: vec!["generic_op".to_string()],
                    performance: [("generic_op".to_string(), 100.0)].into(),
                    memory_requirements: [("generic_op".to_string(), 64 * 1024)].into(),
                    precision_support: vec![DataType::F32],
                    instruction_encoding: None,
                });
            },
        }

        operation_sets
    }

    /// Get operation set by name
    pub fn get_operation_set(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&AsicOperationSet> {
        self.operation_sets.iter().find(|ops| ops.name == name)
    }

    /// Update performance metrics
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    async fn update_performance_metrics(&self) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        if let Some(driver) = &self.driver {
            let metrics = driver.get_metrics().await?;
            let mut monitor = self.performance_monitor.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");

            monitor
                .thermal_history
                .push((SystemTime::now(), metrics.temperature.unwrap_or(0.0)));
            monitor.power_history.push((SystemTime::now(), metrics.power_consumption));
            monitor.utilization_history.push((SystemTime::now(), metrics.utilization));
            monitor.metrics = metrics;

            // Keep only last 1000 entries
            if monitor.thermal_history.len() > 1000 {
                monitor.thermal_history.drain(..500);
            }
            if monitor.power_history.len() > 1000 {
                monitor.power_history.drain(..500);
            }
            if monitor.utilization_history.len() > 1000 {
                monitor.utilization_history.drain(..500);
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Get performance statistics
    pub fn get_performance_statistics(&self) -> HashMap<String, f64> {
        let monitor = self.performance_monitor.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        let mut stats = HashMap::new();

        // Calculate average utilization
        if !monitor.utilization_history.is_empty() {
            let avg_util = monitor.utilization_history.iter().map(|(_, util)| util).sum::<f64>()
                / monitor.utilization_history.len() as f64;
            stats.insert("avg_utilization".to_string(), avg_util);
        }

        // Calculate average temperature
        if !monitor.thermal_history.is_empty() {
            let avg_temp = monitor.thermal_history.iter().map(|(_, temp)| temp).sum::<f64>()
                / monitor.thermal_history.len() as f64;
            stats.insert("avg_temperature".to_string(), avg_temp);
        }

        // Calculate average power consumption
        if !monitor.power_history.is_empty() {
            let avg_power = monitor.power_history.iter().map(|(_, power)| power).sum::<f64>()
                / monitor.power_history.len() as f64;
            stats.insert("avg_power".to_string(), avg_power);
        }

        // Add operation counters
        for (op, count) in &monitor.operation_counters {
            stats.insert(format!("op_{}", op), *count as f64);
        }

        stats
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl HardwareDevice for AsicDevice {
    fn device_id(&self) -> &str {
        &self.config.base_config.device_id
    }

    fn hardware_type(&self) -> HardwareType {
        HardwareType::ASIC
    }

    fn capabilities(&self) -> &HardwareCapabilities {
        &self.capabilities
    }

    async fn initialize(&mut self, config: &HardwareConfig) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        // Update base configuration
        self.config.base_config = config.clone();

        // Initialize driver if available
        if let Some(driver) = &mut self.driver {
            driver.initialize(&self.config).await?;
        }

        // Update device status
        let mut status = self.status.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        status.online = true;
        status.busy = false;
        status.error = None;

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        // Cancel all active operations
        let operations = {
            let mut ops = self.active_operations.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
            let handles: Vec<_> = ops.keys().cloned().collect();
            ops.clear();
            handles
        };

        // Update device status
        {
            let mut status = self.status.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
            status.online = false;
            status.busy = false;
        }

        // Reset driver if available
        if let Some(driver) = &mut self.driver {
            driver.reset().await?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn is_available(&self) -> bool {
        let status = self.status.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        status.online && !status.busy
    }

    fn status(&self) -> DeviceStatus {
        self.status.lock().expect("Lock poisoned").clone()
    }

    async fn metrics(&self) -> HardwareResult<HardwareMetrics> {
        if let Some(driver) = &self.driver {
            driver.get_metrics().await
        } else {
            Ok(HardwareMetrics {
                ops_per_second: 0.0,
                memory_bandwidth: 0.0,
                utilization: 0.0,
                power_consumption: 0.0,
                temperature: None,
                error_rate: 0.0,
                latency: 0.0,
                throughput: 0.0,
            })
        }
    }

    async fn reset(&mut self) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        // Reset driver
        if let Some(driver) = &mut self.driver {
            driver.reset().await?;
        }

        // Clear memory pools
        self.memory_pools.lock().expect("Lock poisoned").clear();

        // Clear active operations
        self.active_operations.lock().expect("Lock poisoned").clear();

        // Reset performance monitor
        let mut monitor = self.performance_monitor.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        monitor.operation_counters.clear();
        monitor.thermal_history.clear();
        monitor.power_history.clear();
        monitor.error_counters.clear();
        monitor.utilization_history.clear();

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn allocate_memory(&mut self, size: usize) -> HardwareResult<DeviceMemory> {
        // Simple memory allocation simulation
        let address = (size.wrapping_mul(12345)) % 0x100000000; // 4GB address space
        let memory = DeviceMemory {
            address,
            size,
            memory_type: MemoryType::Local,
            device_id: self.device_id().to_string(),
        };

        // Add to memory pool
        let mut pools = self.memory_pools.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        pools.entry("default".to_string()).or_default().push(memory.clone());

        Ok(memory)
    }

    async fn free_memory(&mut self, memory: DeviceMemory) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        // Remove from memory pool
        let mut pools = self.memory_pools.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
        if let Some(pool) = pools.get_mut("default") {
            pool.retain(|m| m.address != memory.address);
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    async fn synchronize(&self) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        // Wait for all operations to complete
        let has_operations = {
            let operations = self.active_operations.lock().expect("Lock poisoned");
            !operations.is_empty()
        };

        if has_operations {
            // In a real implementation, this would wait for hardware synchronization
            time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1)).await;
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl Default for AsicPerformanceMonitor {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl AsicPerformanceMonitor {
    /// Create new performance monitor
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            operation_counters: HashMap::new(),
            metrics: HardwareMetrics {
                ops_per_second: 0.0,
                memory_bandwidth: 0.0,
                utilization: 0.0,
                power_consumption: 0.0,
                temperature: None,
                error_rate: 0.0,
                latency: 0.0,
                throughput: 0.0,
            },
            thermal_history: Vec::new(),
            power_history: Vec::new(),
            error_counters: HashMap::new(),
            utilization_history: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Record operation execution
    pub fn record_operation(&mut self, operation: &str) {
        *self.operation_counters.entry(operation.to_string()).or_insert(0) += 1;
    }

    /// Record error
    pub fn record_error(&mut self, error_type: &str) {
        *self.error_counters.entry(error_type.to_string()).or_insert(0) += 1;
    }

    /// Get operation statistics
    pub fn get_operation_stats(&self) -> HashMap<String, u64> {
        self.operation_counters.clone()
    }

    /// Get error statistics
    pub fn get_error_stats(&self) -> HashMap<String, u64> {
        self.error_counters.clone()
    }
}

/// ASIC backend implementation
pub struct AsicBackend {
    /// Backend name
    name: String,
    /// Backend version
    version: String,
    /// Supported ASIC types
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    supported_types: Vec<AsicType>,
    /// Device configurations
    device_configs: HashMap<String, AsicDeviceConfig>,
    /// Driver factory
    driver_factory: Option<Box<dyn AsicDriverFactory>>,
}

/// ASIC driver factory trait
pub trait AsicDriverFactory: Send + Sync {
    /// Create driver for specific ASIC type
    fn create_driver(&self, asic_type: &AsicType) -> HardwareResult<Box<dyn AsicDriver>>;

    /// Check if driver is available for ASIC type
    fn is_available(&self, asic_type: &AsicType) -> bool;

    /// Get driver requirements
    fn get_requirements(&self, asic_type: &AsicType) -> Vec<String>;
}

impl AsicBackend {
    /// Create new ASIC backend
    pub fn new(name: String, version: String) -> Self {
        Self {
            name,
            version,
            supported_types: vec![
                AsicType::AIInference,
                AsicType::NPU,
                AsicType::TPU,
                AsicType::DSP,
                AsicType::VPU,
                AsicType::Crypto,
                AsicType::EdgeAI,
            ],
            device_configs: HashMap::new(),
            driver_factory: None,
        }
    }

    /// Set driver factory
    pub fn set_driver_factory(&mut self, factory: Box<dyn AsicDriverFactory>) {
        self.driver_factory = Some(factory);
    }

    /// Add device configuration
    pub fn add_device_config(&mut self, device_id: String, config: AsicDeviceConfig) {
        self.device_configs.insert(device_id, config);
    }

    /// Create ASIC device with driver
    pub async fn create_asic_device(
        &self,
        config: &AsicDeviceConfig,
    ) -> HardwareResult<AsicDevice> {
        let mut device = AsicDevice::new(config.clone());

        // Create driver if factory is available
        if let Some(factory) = &self.driver_factory {
            if factory.is_available(&config.spec.asic_type) {
                let driver = factory.create_driver(&config.spec.asic_type)?;
                device.set_driver(driver);
            }
        }

        Ok(device)
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl HardwareBackend for AsicBackend {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        &self.name
    }

    fn version(&self) -> &str {
        &self.version
    }

    async fn discover_devices(&self) -> HardwareResult<Vec<Box<dyn HardwareDevice>>> {
        let mut devices = Vec::new();

        // Create devices from configured device configs
        for (device_id, config) in &self.device_configs {
            let device = self.create_asic_device(config).await?;
            devices.push(Box::new(device) as Box<dyn HardwareDevice>);
        }

        Ok(devices)
    }

    async fn create_device(
        &self,
        config: &HardwareConfig,
    ) -> HardwareResult<Box<dyn HardwareDevice>> {
        if config.hardware_type != HardwareType::ASIC {
            return Err(TrustformersError::invalid_config(
                "Invalid hardware type for ASIC backend".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        // Look for matching device configuration
        if let Some(asic_config) = self.device_configs.get(&config.device_id) {
            let device = self.create_asic_device(asic_config).await?;
            Ok(Box::new(device) as Box<dyn HardwareDevice>)
        } else {
            Err(TrustformersError::model_error(format!(
                "ASIC device {} not found",
                config.device_id
            )))
        }
    }

    fn is_compatible(&self, hardware_type: HardwareType) -> bool {
        hardware_type == HardwareType::ASIC
    }

    fn supported_operations(&self) -> &[String] {
        use std::sync::OnceLock;
        static OPERATIONS: OnceLock<Vec<String>> = OnceLock::new();
        OPERATIONS.get_or_init(|| {
            vec![
                "matmul".to_string(),
                "conv2d".to_string(),
                "activation".to_string(),
                "pooling".to_string(),
                "fft".to_string(),
                "filter".to_string(),
                "encrypt".to_string(),
                "decrypt".to_string(),
            ]
        })
    }

    fn validate_config(&self, config: &HardwareConfig) -> HardwareResult<()> {
        if config.hardware_type != HardwareType::ASIC {
            return Err(TrustformersError::invalid_config(
                "Invalid hardware type for ASIC backend".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        // Check if device configuration exists
        if !self.device_configs.contains_key(&config.device_id) {
            return Err(TrustformersError::invalid_config(format!(
                "ASIC device configuration for {} not found",
                config.device_id
            )));
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl Default for AsicDeviceConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            base_config: HardwareConfig::default(),
            spec: AsicSpec {
                asic_type: AsicType::AIInference,
                vendor: AsicVendor {
                    name: "Generic".to_string(),
                    id: 0,
                    driver_version: "1.0.0".to_string(),
                    firmware_version: "1.0.0".to_string(),
                    support_contact: None,
                },
                model: "Generic AI ASIC".to_string(),
                revision: "1.0".to_string(),
                process_node: Some(7),
                die_size: Some(100.0),
                package: Some("BGA".to_string()),
                frequency_range: Some((1000, 2000)),
                power_range: Some((10.0, 100.0)),
                temperature_range: Some((-40.0, 85.0)),
            },
            clock_frequency: Some(1500),
            voltage: Some(1.0),
            power_limit: Some(75.0),
            thermal_limit: Some(85.0),
            memory_config: AsicMemoryConfig::default(),
            instruction_set: Some("generic_v1".to_string()),
            init_params: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for AsicMemoryConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            on_chip_memory: Some(1024 * 1024),         // 1MB
            off_chip_memory: Some(1024 * 1024 * 1024), // 1GB
            memory_bandwidth: Some(100.0),             // 100 GB/s
            memory_latency: Some(10.0),                // 10 ns
            cache_config: CacheConfig::default(),
        }
    }
}

impl Default for CacheConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            l1_size: Some(64 * 1024),   // 64KB
            l2_size: Some(256 * 1024),  // 256KB
            l3_size: Some(1024 * 1024), // 1MB
            line_size: Some(64),        // 64 bytes
            associativity: Some(8),     // 8-way
        }
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for AsicType {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            AsicType::AIInference => write!(f, "AI Inference"),
            AsicType::NPU => write!(f, "NPU"),
            AsicType::TPU => write!(f, "TPU"),
            AsicType::DSP => write!(f, "DSP"),
            AsicType::VPU => write!(f, "VPU"),
            AsicType::Crypto => write!(f, "Crypto"),
            AsicType::EdgeAI => write!(f, "Edge AI"),
            AsicType::Custom(name) => write!(f, "Custom({})", name),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use tokio;

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_asic_device_creation() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();
        let device = AsicDevice::new(config);

        assert_eq!(device.hardware_type(), HardwareType::ASIC);
        assert_eq!(device.device_id(), "default");
        assert!(!device.is_available()); // Should be offline initially
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_asic_device_initialization() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();
        let mut device = AsicDevice::new(config);

        let hw_config = HardwareConfig::default();
        device.initialize(&hw_config).await.expect("async operation failed");

        assert!(device.is_available());
        assert!(device.status().online);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_asic_memory_allocation() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();
        let mut device = AsicDevice::new(config);

        let memory = device.allocate_memory(1024).await.expect("async operation failed");
        assert_eq!(memory.size, 1024);
        assert_eq!(memory.memory_type, MemoryType::Local);

        device.free_memory(memory).await.expect("async operation failed");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_asic_backend_compatibility() {
        let backend = AsicBackend::new("test".to_string(), "1.0".to_string());

        assert!(backend.is_compatible(HardwareType::ASIC));
        assert!(!backend.is_compatible(HardwareType::CPU));
        assert!(!backend.is_compatible(HardwareType::GPU));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_asic_type_display() {
        assert_eq!(AsicType::AIInference.to_string(), "AI Inference");
        assert_eq!(AsicType::NPU.to_string(), "NPU");
        assert_eq!(
            AsicType::Custom("MyASIC".to_string()).to_string(),
            "Custom(MyASIC)"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_asic_capabilities_building() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();
        let capabilities = AsicDevice::build_capabilities(&config);

        assert!(capabilities.data_types.contains(&DataType::F32));
        assert!(capabilities.data_types.contains(&DataType::F16));
        assert!(capabilities.operations.contains(&"matmul".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_asic_operation_sets() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();
        let operation_sets = AsicDevice::build_operation_sets(&config);

        assert!(!operation_sets.is_empty());
        assert!(operation_sets.iter().any(|ops| ops.name == "ml_ops"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_performance_monitor() {
        let mut monitor = AsicPerformanceMonitor::new();

        monitor.record_operation("matmul");
        monitor.record_operation("matmul");
        monitor.record_operation("conv2d");
        monitor.record_error("timeout");

        let op_stats = monitor.get_operation_stats();
        assert_eq!(op_stats.get("matmul"), Some(&2));
        assert_eq!(op_stats.get("conv2d"), Some(&1));

        let error_stats = monitor.get_error_stats();
        assert_eq!(error_stats.get("timeout"), Some(&1));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_asic_config_defaults() {
        let config = AsicDeviceConfig::default();

        assert_eq!(config.spec.asic_type, AsicType::AIInference);
        assert_eq!(config.spec.vendor.name, "Generic");
        assert_eq!(config.clock_frequency, Some(1500));
        assert_eq!(config.memory_config.on_chip_memory, Some(1024 * 1024));
    }
}