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// Copyright 2016 Pierre-Étienne Meunier // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. // //! Server and client SSH asynchronous library, based on tokio/futures. //! //! The normal way to use this library, both for clients and for //! servers, is by creating *handlers*, i.e. types that implement //! `client::Handler` for clients and `server::Handler` for //! servers. //! //! # Writing servers //! //! In the specific case of servers, a server must implement //! `server::Server`, a trait for creating new `server::Handler`. The //! main type to look at in the `server` module is `Session` (and //! `Config`, of course). //! //! Here is an example server, which forwards input from each client //! to all other clients: //! //! ``` //! extern crate thrussh; //! extern crate thrussh_keys; //! extern crate futures; //! extern crate tokio; //! use std::sync::{Mutex, Arc}; //! use thrussh::*; //! use thrussh::server::{Auth, Session}; //! use thrussh_keys::*; //! use std::collections::HashMap; //! use futures::Future; //! //! #[tokio::main] //! async fn main() { //! let client_key = thrussh_keys::key::KeyPair::generate_ed25519().unwrap(); //! let client_pubkey = Arc::new(client_key.clone_public_key()); //! let mut config = thrussh::server::Config::default(); //! config.connection_timeout = Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)); //! config.auth_rejection_time = std::time::Duration::from_secs(3); //! config.keys.push(thrussh_keys::key::KeyPair::generate_ed25519().unwrap()); //! let config = Arc::new(config); //! let sh = Server{ //! client_pubkey, //! clients: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())), //! id: 0 //! }; //! tokio::time::timeout( //! std::time::Duration::from_secs(1), //! thrussh::server::run(config, "0.0.0.0:2222", sh) //! ).await.unwrap_or(Ok(())); //! } //! //! #[derive(Clone)] //! struct Server { //! client_pubkey: Arc<thrussh_keys::key::PublicKey>, //! clients: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<(usize, ChannelId), thrussh::server::Handle>>>, //! id: usize, //! } //! //! impl server::Server for Server { //! type Handler = Self; //! fn new(&mut self, _: Option<std::net::SocketAddr>) -> Self { //! let s = self.clone(); //! self.id += 1; //! s //! } //! } //! //! impl server::Handler for Server { //! type FutureAuth = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, server::Auth), anyhow::Error>>; //! type FutureUnit = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, Session), anyhow::Error>>; //! type FutureBool = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, Session, bool), anyhow::Error>>; //! //! fn finished_auth(mut self, auth: Auth) -> Self::FutureAuth { //! futures::future::ready(Ok((self, auth))) //! } //! fn finished_bool(self, b: bool, s: Session) -> Self::FutureBool { //! futures::future::ready(Ok((self, s, b))) //! } //! fn finished(self, s: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! futures::future::ready(Ok((self, s))) //! } //! fn channel_open_session(self, channel: ChannelId, session: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! { //! let mut clients = self.clients.lock().unwrap(); //! clients.insert((self.id, channel), session.handle()); //! } //! self.finished(session) //! } //! fn auth_publickey(self, _: &str, _: &key::PublicKey) -> Self::FutureAuth { //! self.finished_auth(server::Auth::Accept) //! } //! fn data(self, channel: ChannelId, data: &[u8], mut session: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! { //! let mut clients = self.clients.lock().unwrap(); //! for ((id, channel), ref mut s) in clients.iter_mut() { //! if *id != self.id { //! s.data(*channel, CryptoVec::from_slice(data)); //! } //! } //! } //! session.data(channel, CryptoVec::from_slice(data)); //! self.finished(session) //! } //! } //! ``` //! //! Note the call to `session.handle()`, which allows to keep a handle //! to a client outside the event loop. This feature is internally //! implemented using `futures::sync::mpsc` channels. //! //! Note that this is just a toy server. In particular: //! //! - It doesn't handle errors when `s.data` returns an error, //! i.e. when the client has disappeared //! //! - Each new connection increments the `id` field. Even though we //! would need a lot of connections per second for a very long time to //! saturate it, there are probably better ways to handle this to //! avoid collisions. //! //! //! # Implementing clients //! //! Maybe surprisingly, the data types used by Thrussh to implement //! clients are relatively more complicated than for servers. This is //! mostly related to the fact that clients are generally used both in //! a synchronous way (in the case of SSH, we can think of sending a //! shell command), and asynchronously (because the server may send //! unsollicited messages), and hence need to handle multiple //! interfaces. //! //! The important types in the `client` module are `Session` and //! `Connection`. A `Connection` is typically used to send commands to //! the server and wait for responses, and contains a `Session`. The //! `Session` is passed to the `Handler` when the client receives //! data. //! //! ``` //!extern crate thrussh; //!extern crate thrussh_keys; //!extern crate futures; //!extern crate tokio; //!extern crate env_logger; //!use std::sync::Arc; //!use thrussh::*; //!use thrussh::server::{Auth, Session}; //!use thrussh_keys::*; //!use futures::Future; //!use std::io::Read; //! //! //!struct Client { //!} //! //!impl client::Handler for Client { //! type FutureUnit = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, client::Session), anyhow::Error>>; //! type FutureBool = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, bool), anyhow::Error>>; //! //! fn finished_bool(self, b: bool) -> Self::FutureBool { //! futures::future::ready(Ok((self, b))) //! } //! fn finished(self, session: client::Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! futures::future::ready(Ok((self, session))) //! } //! fn check_server_key(self, server_public_key: &key::PublicKey) -> Self::FutureBool { //! println!("check_server_key: {:?}", server_public_key); //! self.finished_bool(true) //! } //! fn channel_open_confirmation(self, channel: ChannelId, max_packet_size: u32, window_size: u32, session: client::Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! println!("channel_open_confirmation: {:?}", channel); //! self.finished(session) //! } //! fn data(self, channel: ChannelId, data: &[u8], session: client::Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { //! println!("data on channel {:?}: {:?}", channel, std::str::from_utf8(data)); //! self.finished(session) //! } //!} //! //! #[tokio::main] //! async fn main() { //! let config = thrussh::client::Config::COMPRESSED; //! let config = Arc::new(config); //! let sh = Client{}; //! //! let key = thrussh_keys::key::KeyPair::generate_ed25519().unwrap(); //! let mut agent = thrussh_keys::agent::client::AgentClient::connect_env().await.unwrap(); //! agent.add_identity(&key, &[]).await.unwrap(); //! let mut session = thrussh::client::connect(config, "localhost:22", sh).await.unwrap(); //! if session.authenticate_future(std::env::var("USER").unwrap(), key.clone_public_key(), agent).await.unwrap().1 { //! let mut channel = session.channel_open_session().await.unwrap(); //! channel.data(b"Hello, world!").await.unwrap(); //! if let Some(msg) = channel.wait().await { //! println!("{:?}", msg) //! } //! } //! } //! ``` //! # Using non-socket IO / writing tunnels //! //! The easy way to implement SSH tunnels, like `ProxyCommand` for //! OpenSSH, is to use the `thrussh-config` crate, and use the //! `Stream::tcp_connect` or `Stream::proxy_command` methods of that //! crate. That crate is a very lightweight layer above Thrussh, only //! implementing for external commands the traits used for sockets. //! //! # The SSH protocol //! //! If we exclude the key exchange and authentication phases, handled //! by Thrussh behind the scenes, the rest of the SSH protocol is //! relatively simple: clients and servers open *channels*, which are //! just integers used to handle multiple requests in parallel in a //! single connection. Once a client has obtained a `ChannelId` by //! calling one the many `channel_open_…` methods of //! `client::Connection`, the client may send exec requests and data //! to the server. //! //! A simple client just asking the server to run one command will //! usually start by calling //! `client::Connection::channel_open_session`, then //! `client::Connection::exec`, then possibly //! `client::Connection::data` a number of times to send data to the //! command's standard input, and finally `Connection::channel_eof` //! and `Connection::channel_close`. //! //! # Design principles //! //! The main goal of this library is conciseness, and reduced size and //! readability of the library's code. Moreover, this library is split //! between Thrussh, which implements the main logic of SSH clients //! and servers, and Thrussh-keys, which implements calls to //! cryptographic primitives. //! //! One non-goal is to implement all possible cryptographic algorithms //! published since the initial release of SSH. Technical debt is //! easily acquired, and we would need a very strong reason to go //! against this principle. If you are designing a system from //! scratch, we urge you to consider recent cryptographic primitives //! such as Ed25519 for public key cryptography, and Chacha20-Poly1305 //! for symmetric cryptography and MAC. //! //! # Internal details of the event loop //! //! It might seem a little odd that the read/write methods for server //! or client sessions often return neither `Result` nor //! `Future`. This is because the data sent to the remote side is //! buffered, because it needs to be encrypted first, and encryption //! works on buffers, and for many algorithms, not in place. //! //! Hence, the event loop keeps waiting for incoming packets, reacts //! to them by calling the provided `Handler`, which fills some //! buffers. If the buffers are non-empty, the event loop then sends //! them to the socket, flushes the socket, empties the buffers and //! starts again. In the special case of the server, unsollicited //! messages sent through a `server::Handle` are processed when there //! is no incoming packet to read. //! #[macro_use] extern crate bitflags; #[macro_use] extern crate log; extern crate thrussh_libsodium as sodium; #[macro_use] extern crate thiserror; pub use cryptovec::CryptoVec; mod auth; mod cipher; mod compression; mod kex; mod key; mod msg; mod negotiation; mod ssh_read; mod sshbuffer; pub use negotiation::{Named, Preferred}; mod pty; pub use pty::Pty; macro_rules! push_packet { ( $buffer:expr, $x:expr ) => {{ use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder}; let i0 = $buffer.len(); $buffer.extend(b"\0\0\0\0"); let x = $x; let i1 = $buffer.len(); use std::ops::DerefMut; let buf = $buffer.deref_mut(); BigEndian::write_u32(&mut buf[i0..], (i1 - i0 - 4) as u32); x }}; } mod session; /// Server side of this library. pub mod server; /// Client side of this library. pub mod client; #[derive(Debug, Error)] /// anyhow::Errors. pub enum Error { /// The key file could not be parsed. #[error("Could not read key")] CouldNotReadKey, /// Unspecified problem with the beginning of key exchange. #[error("Key exchange init failed")] KexInit, /// No common key exchange algorithm. #[error("No common key exchange algorithm")] NoCommonKexAlgo, /// No common signature algorithm. #[error("No common key algorithm")] NoCommonKeyAlgo, /// No common cipher. #[error("No common key cipher")] NoCommonCipher, /// No common compression algorithm. #[error("No common compression algorithm")] NoCommonCompression, /// Invalid SSH version string. #[error("invalid SSH version string")] Version, /// anyhow::Error during key exchange. #[error("Key exchange failed")] Kex, /// Invalid packet authentication code. #[error("Wrong packet authentication code")] PacketAuth, /// The protocol is in an inconsistent state. #[error("Inconsistent state of the protocol")] Inconsistent, /// The client is not yet authenticated. #[error("Not yet authenticated")] NotAuthenticated, /// Index out of bounds. #[error("Index out of bounds")] IndexOutOfBounds, /// Unknown server key. #[error("Unknown server key")] UnknownKey, /// The server provided a wrong signature. #[error("Wrong server signature")] WrongServerSig, /// Message received/sent on unopened channel. #[error("Channel not open")] WrongChannel, /// Disconnected #[error("Disconnected")] Disconnect, /// No home directory found when trying to learn new host key. #[error("No home directory when saving host key")] NoHomeDir, /// Remote key changed, this could mean a man-in-the-middle attack /// is being performed on the connection. #[error("Key changed, line {}", line)] KeyChanged { line: usize }, /// Connection closed by the remote side. #[error("Connection closed by the remote side")] HUP, /// Connection timeout. #[error("Connection timeout")] ConnectionTimeout, /// Missing authentication method. #[error("No authentication method")] NoAuthMethod, #[error("Channel send error")] SendError, } /// Since handlers are large, their associated future types must implement this trait to provide reasonable default implementations (basically, rejecting all requests). pub trait FromFinished<T>: futures::Future<Output = Result<T, anyhow::Error>> { /// Turns type `T` into `Self`, a future yielding `T`. fn finished(t: T) -> Self; } impl<T> FromFinished<T> for futures::future::Ready<Result<T, anyhow::Error>> { fn finished(t: T) -> Self { futures::future::ready(Ok(t)) } } impl<T: 'static> FromFinished<T> for Box<dyn futures::Future<Output = Result<T, anyhow::Error>> + Unpin> { fn finished(t: T) -> Self { Box::new(futures::future::ready(Ok(t))) } } // mod mac; // use mac::*; // mod compression; /// The number of bytes read/written, and the number of seconds before a key re-exchange is requested. #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub struct Limits { rekey_write_limit: usize, rekey_read_limit: usize, rekey_time_limit: std::time::Duration, } impl Limits { /// Create a new `Limits`, checking that the given bounds cannot lead to nonce reuse. pub fn new(write_limit: usize, read_limit: usize, time_limit: std::time::Duration) -> Limits { assert!(write_limit <= 1 << 30 && read_limit <= 1 << 30); Limits { rekey_write_limit: write_limit, rekey_read_limit: read_limit, rekey_time_limit: time_limit, } } } impl Default for Limits { fn default() -> Self { // Following the recommendations of // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-9 Limits { rekey_write_limit: 1 << 30, // 1 Gb rekey_read_limit: 1 << 30, // 1 Gb rekey_time_limit: std::time::Duration::from_secs(3600), } } } pub use auth::MethodSet; /// A reason for disconnection. #[allow(missing_docs)] // This should be relatively self-explanatory. #[derive(Debug)] pub enum Disconnect { HostNotAllowedToConnect = 1, ProtocolError = 2, KeyExchangeFailed = 3, #[doc(hidden)] Reserved = 4, MACError = 5, CompressionError = 6, ServiceNotAvailable = 7, ProtocolVersionNotSupported = 8, HostKeyNotVerifiable = 9, ConnectionLost = 10, ByApplication = 11, TooManyConnections = 12, AuthCancelledByUser = 13, NoMoreAuthMethodsAvailable = 14, IllegalUserName = 15, } /// The type of signals that can be sent to a remote process. If you /// plan to use custom signals, read [the /// RFC](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-6.10) to /// understand the encoding. #[allow(missing_docs)] // This should be relatively self-explanatory. #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub enum Sig { ABRT, ALRM, FPE, HUP, ILL, INT, KILL, PIPE, QUIT, SEGV, TERM, USR1, Custom(String), } impl Sig { fn name(&self) -> &str { match *self { Sig::ABRT => "ABRT", Sig::ALRM => "ALRM", Sig::FPE => "FPE", Sig::HUP => "HUP", Sig::ILL => "ILL", Sig::INT => "INT", Sig::KILL => "KILL", Sig::PIPE => "PIPE", Sig::QUIT => "QUIT", Sig::SEGV => "SEGV", Sig::TERM => "TERM", Sig::USR1 => "USR1", Sig::Custom(ref c) => c, } } fn from_name(name: &[u8]) -> Result<Sig, anyhow::Error> { match name { b"ABRT" => Ok(Sig::ABRT), b"ALRM" => Ok(Sig::ALRM), b"FPE" => Ok(Sig::FPE), b"HUP" => Ok(Sig::HUP), b"ILL" => Ok(Sig::ILL), b"INT" => Ok(Sig::INT), b"KILL" => Ok(Sig::KILL), b"PIPE" => Ok(Sig::PIPE), b"QUIT" => Ok(Sig::QUIT), b"SEGV" => Ok(Sig::SEGV), b"TERM" => Ok(Sig::TERM), b"USR1" => Ok(Sig::USR1), x => Ok(Sig::Custom(std::str::from_utf8(x)?.to_string())), } } } /// Reason for not being able to open a channel. #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)] #[allow(missing_docs)] pub enum ChannelOpenFailure { AdministrativelyProhibited = 1, ConnectFailed = 2, UnknownChannelType = 3, ResourceShortage = 4, } impl ChannelOpenFailure { fn from_u32(x: u32) -> Option<ChannelOpenFailure> { match x { 1 => Some(ChannelOpenFailure::AdministrativelyProhibited), 2 => Some(ChannelOpenFailure::ConnectFailed), 3 => Some(ChannelOpenFailure::UnknownChannelType), 4 => Some(ChannelOpenFailure::ResourceShortage), _ => None, } } } #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] /// The identifier of a channel. pub struct ChannelId(u32); /// The parameters of a channel. #[derive(Debug)] pub(crate) struct Channel { recipient_channel: u32, sender_channel: ChannelId, recipient_window_size: u32, sender_window_size: u32, recipient_maximum_packet_size: u32, sender_maximum_packet_size: u32, /// Has the other side confirmed the channel? pub confirmed: bool, wants_reply: bool, pending_data: std::collections::VecDeque<(CryptoVec, Option<u32>, usize)>, } #[derive(Debug)] pub enum ChannelMsg { Data { data: CryptoVec, }, ExtendedData { data: CryptoVec, ext: u32, }, Eof, XonXoff { client_can_do: bool, }, ExitStatus { exit_status: u32, }, ExitSignal { signal_name: Sig, core_dumped: bool, error_message: String, lang_tag: String, }, WindowAdjusted { new_size: u32, }, Success, } #[cfg(test)] mod test_compress { use super::server::{Auth, Session}; use super::*; use std::collections::HashMap; use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex}; #[tokio::test(threaded_scheduler)] async fn compress_local_test() { test_compress(true).await } #[tokio::test(threaded_scheduler)] async fn compress_test() { test_compress(false).await } async fn test_compress(local: bool) { env_logger::try_init().unwrap_or(()); let (client_key, addr) = if local { let client_key = thrussh_keys::key::KeyPair::generate_ed25519().unwrap(); let client_pubkey = Arc::new(client_key.clone_public_key()); let mut config = super::server::Config::default(); config.preferred = super::Preferred::COMPRESSED; config.auth_rejection_time = std::time::Duration::from_secs(0); config.connection_timeout = None; // Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)); config.auth_rejection_time = std::time::Duration::from_secs(3); config .keys .push(thrussh_keys::key::KeyPair::generate_ed25519().unwrap()); let config = Arc::new(config); let sh = Server { client_pubkey, clients: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())), id: 0, }; tokio::spawn(super::server::run(config, "0.0.0.0:2222", sh)); std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)); (client_key, "127.0.0.1:2222") } else { let client_key = thrussh_keys::load_secret_key("id_ed25519", None).unwrap(); (client_key, "127.0.0.1:2222") }; let mut config = super::client::Config::default(); config.preferred = super::Preferred::COMPRESSED; let config = Arc::new(config); let sh = Client {}; let mut session = super::client::connect(config, addr, sh).await.unwrap(); debug!("connected"); if session .authenticate_publickey(std::env::var("USER").unwrap(), Arc::new(client_key)) .await .unwrap() { debug!("authenticated"); if let Ok(mut channel) = session.channel_open_session().await { channel.data(b"Hello, world!").await.unwrap(); if let Some(msg) = channel.wait().await { println!("{:?}", msg) } } } if local { std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(40)); } } #[derive(Clone)] struct Server { client_pubkey: Arc<thrussh_keys::key::PublicKey>, clients: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<(usize, ChannelId), super::server::Handle>>>, id: usize, } impl server::Server for Server { type Handler = Self; fn new(&mut self, _: Option<std::net::SocketAddr>) -> Self { let s = self.clone(); self.id += 1; s } } impl server::Handler for Server { type FutureAuth = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, server::Auth), anyhow::Error>>; type FutureUnit = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, Session), anyhow::Error>>; type FutureBool = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, Session, bool), anyhow::Error>>; fn finished_auth(self, auth: Auth) -> Self::FutureAuth { futures::future::ready(Ok((self, auth))) } fn finished_bool(self, b: bool, s: Session) -> Self::FutureBool { futures::future::ready(Ok((self, s, b))) } fn finished(self, s: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { futures::future::ready(Ok((self, s))) } fn channel_open_session(self, channel: ChannelId, session: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { { let mut clients = self.clients.lock().unwrap(); clients.insert((self.id, channel), session.handle()); } self.finished(session) } fn auth_publickey(self, _: &str, _: &thrussh_keys::key::PublicKey) -> Self::FutureAuth { debug!("auth_publickey"); self.finished_auth(server::Auth::Accept) } fn data(self, _channel: ChannelId, data: &[u8], session: Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { debug!("server data = {:?}", std::str::from_utf8(data)); self.finished(session) } } struct Client {} impl client::Handler for Client { type FutureUnit = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, client::Session), anyhow::Error>>; type FutureBool = futures::future::Ready<Result<(Self, bool), anyhow::Error>>; fn finished_bool(self, b: bool) -> Self::FutureBool { futures::future::ready(Ok((self, b))) } fn finished(self, session: client::Session) -> Self::FutureUnit { futures::future::ready(Ok((self, session))) } fn check_server_key( self, server_public_key: &thrussh_keys::key::PublicKey, ) -> Self::FutureBool { println!("check_server_key: {:?}", server_public_key); self.finished_bool(true) } fn channel_open_confirmation( self, channel: ChannelId, _: u32, _: u32, session: client::Session, ) -> Self::FutureUnit { println!("channel_open_confirmation: {:?}", channel); self.finished(session) } fn data( self, channel: ChannelId, data: &[u8], session: client::Session, ) -> Self::FutureUnit { debug!( "client data on channel {:?}: {:?}", channel, std::str::from_utf8(data) ); self.finished(session) } } }