throttlecrab_server/

config.rs

//! Server configuration and CLI argument parsing
//!
//! This module handles all server configuration through a flexible system that supports:
//! - Command-line arguments
//! - Environment variables (with THROTTLECRAB_ prefix)
//! - Configuration file (future enhancement)
//!
//! # Configuration Priority
//!
//! The configuration system follows this precedence order:
//! 1. CLI arguments (highest priority)
//! 2. Environment variables
//! 3. Default values (lowest priority)
//!
//! # Example Usage
//!
//! ```bash
//! # Using CLI arguments
//! throttlecrab-server --http --http-port 9090
//!
//! # Using environment variables
//! export THROTTLECRAB_HTTP=true
//! export THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_PORT=8080
//! export THROTTLECRAB_STORE=adaptive
//! throttlecrab-server
//!
//! # Mixed (CLI overrides env)
//! export THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_PORT=8080
//! throttlecrab-server --http --http-port 9090  # Uses port 9090
//! ```

use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
use clap::Parser;
use serde::Deserialize;

/// Main configuration structure for the server
///
/// This structure is built from CLI arguments and environment variables,
/// and contains all settings needed to run the server.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct Config {
    /// Transport layer configuration
    pub transports: TransportConfig,
    /// Rate limiter store configuration
    pub store: StoreConfig,
    /// Channel buffer size for actor communication
    pub buffer_size: usize,
    /// Maximum number of denied keys to track in metrics
    pub max_denied_keys: u32,
    /// Logging level (error, warn, info, debug, trace)
    pub log_level: String,
}

/// Transport layer configuration
///
/// At least one transport must be enabled for the server to function.
/// Multiple transports can be enabled simultaneously.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct TransportConfig {
    /// HTTP/JSON transport configuration
    pub http: Option<HttpConfig>,
    /// gRPC transport configuration
    pub grpc: Option<GrpcConfig>,
    /// Redis protocol transport configuration
    pub redis: Option<RedisConfig>,
}

/// HTTP transport configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct HttpConfig {
    /// Host address to bind to (e.g., "0.0.0.0")
    pub host: String,
    /// Port number to listen on
    pub port: u16,
}

/// gRPC transport configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct GrpcConfig {
    /// Host address to bind to (e.g., "0.0.0.0")
    pub host: String,
    /// Port number to listen on
    pub port: u16,
}

/// Redis transport configuration
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct RedisConfig {
    /// Host address to bind to (e.g., "0.0.0.0")
    pub host: String,
    /// Port number to listen on
    pub port: u16,
}

/// Rate limiter store configuration
///
/// Different store types have different performance characteristics:
/// - **Periodic**: Cleanups at fixed intervals, predictable memory usage
/// - **Probabilistic**: Random cleanups, lower overhead but less predictable
/// - **Adaptive**: Adjusts cleanup frequency based on load
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
pub struct StoreConfig {
    /// Type of store to use
    pub store_type: StoreType,
    /// Initial capacity of the store
    pub capacity: usize,
    // Store-specific parameters
    /// Cleanup interval for periodic store (seconds)
    pub cleanup_interval: u64,
    /// Cleanup probability for probabilistic store (1 in N)
    pub cleanup_probability: u64,
    /// Minimum cleanup interval for adaptive store (seconds)
    pub min_interval: u64,
    /// Maximum cleanup interval for adaptive store (seconds)
    pub max_interval: u64,
    /// Maximum operations before cleanup for adaptive store
    pub max_operations: usize,
}

/// Available store types for the rate limiter
///
/// Each store type offers different trade-offs:
/// - **Periodic**: Best for consistent workloads
/// - **Probabilistic**: Best for unpredictable workloads
/// - **Adaptive**: Best for variable workloads
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
pub enum StoreType {
    /// Fixed interval cleanup
    Periodic,
    /// Random cleanup based on probability
    Probabilistic,
    /// Dynamic cleanup interval based on load
    Adaptive,
}

impl std::str::FromStr for StoreType {
    type Err = anyhow::Error;

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
            "periodic" => Ok(StoreType::Periodic),
            "probabilistic" => Ok(StoreType::Probabilistic),
            "adaptive" => Ok(StoreType::Adaptive),
            _ => Err(anyhow!(
                "Invalid store type: {}. Valid options are: periodic, probabilistic, adaptive",
                s
            )),
        }
    }
}

/// Command-line arguments for the server
///
/// All arguments can also be set via environment variables with the
/// THROTTLECRAB_ prefix. CLI arguments take precedence over environment variables.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage with HTTP protocol:
/// ```bash
/// throttlecrab-server --http
/// ```
///
/// Multiple transports with custom ports:
/// ```bash
/// throttlecrab-server --http --http-port 8080 --grpc --grpc-port 50051
/// ```
///
/// Using adaptive store with debug logging:
/// ```bash
/// throttlecrab-server --http --store adaptive --log-level debug
/// ```
#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
#[command(
    name = "throttlecrab-server",
    version = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
    about = "High-performance rate limiting server",
    long_about = "A high-performance rate limiting server with multiple protocol support.\n\nAt least one transport must be specified.\n\nEnvironment variables with THROTTLECRAB_ prefix are supported. CLI arguments take precedence over environment variables."
)]
pub struct Args {
    // HTTP Transport
    #[arg(long, help = "Enable HTTP transport", env = "THROTTLECRAB_HTTP")]
    pub http: bool,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "HOST",
        help = "HTTP host",
        default_value = "127.0.0.1",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_HOST"
    )]
    pub http_host: String,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "PORT",
        help = "HTTP port",
        default_value_t = 8080,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_PORT"
    )]
    pub http_port: u16,

    // gRPC Transport
    #[arg(long, help = "Enable gRPC transport", env = "THROTTLECRAB_GRPC")]
    pub grpc: bool,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "HOST",
        help = "gRPC host",
        default_value = "127.0.0.1",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_GRPC_HOST"
    )]
    pub grpc_host: String,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "PORT",
        help = "gRPC port",
        default_value_t = 8070,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_GRPC_PORT"
    )]
    pub grpc_port: u16,

    // Redis Transport
    #[arg(
        long,
        help = "Enable Redis protocol transport",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_REDIS"
    )]
    pub redis: bool,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "HOST",
        help = "Redis host",
        default_value = "127.0.0.1",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_REDIS_HOST"
    )]
    pub redis_host: String,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "PORT",
        help = "Redis port",
        default_value_t = 6379,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_REDIS_PORT"
    )]
    pub redis_port: u16,

    // Store Configuration
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "TYPE",
        help = "Store type: periodic, probabilistic, adaptive",
        default_value = "periodic",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE"
    )]
    pub store: StoreType,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "SIZE",
        help = "Initial store capacity",
        default_value_t = 100_000,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CAPACITY"
    )]
    pub store_capacity: usize,

    // Store-specific options
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "SECS",
        help = "Cleanup interval for periodic store (seconds)",
        default_value_t = 300,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL"
    )]
    pub store_cleanup_interval: u64,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "N",
        help = "Cleanup probability for probabilistic store (1 in N)",
        default_value_t = 10_000,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CLEANUP_PROBABILITY"
    )]
    pub store_cleanup_probability: u64,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "SECS",
        help = "Minimum cleanup interval for adaptive store (seconds)",
        default_value_t = 5,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MIN_INTERVAL"
    )]
    pub store_min_interval: u64,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "SECS",
        help = "Maximum cleanup interval for adaptive store (seconds)",
        default_value_t = 300,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MAX_INTERVAL"
    )]
    pub store_max_interval: u64,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "N",
        help = "Maximum operations before cleanup for adaptive store",
        default_value_t = 1_000_000,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MAX_OPERATIONS"
    )]
    pub store_max_operations: usize,

    // General options
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "SIZE",
        help = "Channel buffer size",
        default_value_t = 100_000,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_BUFFER_SIZE"
    )]
    pub buffer_size: usize,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "COUNT",
        help = "Maximum number of denied keys to track in metrics (0 to disable, max: 10000)",
        default_value_t = 100,
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_MAX_DENIED_KEYS",
        value_parser = clap::value_parser!(u32).range(0..=10000)
    )]
    pub max_denied_keys: u32,
    #[arg(
        long,
        value_name = "LEVEL",
        help = "Log level: error, warn, info, debug, trace",
        default_value = "info",
        env = "THROTTLECRAB_LOG_LEVEL"
    )]
    pub log_level: String,

    // Utility options
    #[arg(
        long,
        help = "List all environment variables and exit",
        action = clap::ArgAction::SetTrue
    )]
    pub list_env_vars: bool,
}

impl Config {
    /// Build configuration from environment variables and CLI arguments
    ///
    /// This method:
    /// 1. Parses CLI arguments (with env var fallback via clap)
    /// 2. Handles special flags like --list-env-vars
    /// 3. Builds the configuration structure
    /// 4. Validates the configuration
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - No transport is specified
    /// - Invalid configuration values are provided
    pub fn from_env_and_args() -> Result<Self> {
        // Clap automatically handles environment variables with the precedence:
        // 1. CLI arguments (highest priority)
        // 2. Environment variables
        // 3. Default values (lowest priority)
        let args = Args::parse();

        // Handle --list-env-vars
        if args.list_env_vars {
            Self::print_env_vars();
            std::process::exit(0);
        }

        // Build config from parsed args (which already include env vars)
        let mut config = Config {
            transports: TransportConfig {
                http: None,
                grpc: None,
                redis: None,
            },
            store: StoreConfig {
                store_type: args.store,
                capacity: args.store_capacity,
                cleanup_interval: args.store_cleanup_interval,
                cleanup_probability: args.store_cleanup_probability,
                min_interval: args.store_min_interval,
                max_interval: args.store_max_interval,
                max_operations: args.store_max_operations,
            },
            buffer_size: args.buffer_size,
            max_denied_keys: args.max_denied_keys,
            log_level: args.log_level,
        };

        // Configure transports based on parsed args
        if args.http {
            config.transports.http = Some(HttpConfig {
                host: args.http_host,
                port: args.http_port,
            });
        }

        if args.grpc {
            config.transports.grpc = Some(GrpcConfig {
                host: args.grpc_host,
                port: args.grpc_port,
            });
        }

        if args.redis {
            config.transports.redis = Some(RedisConfig {
                host: args.redis_host,
                port: args.redis_port,
            });
        }

        // Validate configuration
        config.validate()?;

        Ok(config)
    }

    /// Check if at least one transport is configured
    ///
    /// The server requires at least one transport to be functional.
    pub fn has_any_transport(&self) -> bool {
        self.transports.http.is_some()
            || self.transports.grpc.is_some()
            || self.transports.redis.is_some()
    }

    /// Validate the configuration
    ///
    /// Currently checks that at least one transport is enabled.
    /// Additional validation can be added here in the future.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the configuration is invalid.
    fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
        if !self.has_any_transport() {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "At least one transport must be specified.\n\n\
                Available transports:\n  \
                --http       Enable HTTP transport\n  \
                --grpc       Enable gRPC transport\n  \
                --redis      Enable Redis protocol transport\n  \
                Example:\n  \
                throttlecrab-server --http --http-port 7070\n  \
                throttlecrab-server --http --grpc --redis\n\n\
                For more information, try '--help'"
            ));
        }

        // Additional validation could be added here in the future
        // e.g., validate port ranges, check for conflicting options, etc.

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Print all available environment variables and their descriptions
    ///
    /// This is called when the --list-env-vars flag is used.
    /// It provides a comprehensive reference for all environment variables
    /// that can be used to configure the server.
    fn print_env_vars() {
        println!("ThrottleCrab Environment Variables");
        println!("==================================");
        println!();
        println!("All environment variables use the THROTTLECRAB_ prefix.");
        println!("CLI arguments take precedence over environment variables.");
        println!();

        println!("Transport Configuration:");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_HTTP=true|false          Enable HTTP transport");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_HOST=<host>         HTTP host [default: 127.0.0.1]");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_PORT=<port>         HTTP port [default: 8080]");
        println!();
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_GRPC=true|false          Enable gRPC transport");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_GRPC_HOST=<host>         gRPC host [default: 127.0.0.1]");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_GRPC_PORT=<port>         gRPC port [default: 8070]");
        println!();
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_REDIS=true|false         Enable Redis protocol transport");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_REDIS_HOST=<host>        Redis host [default: 127.0.0.1]");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_REDIS_PORT=<port>        Redis port [default: 6379]");
        println!();

        println!("Store Configuration:");
        println!(
            "  THROTTLECRAB_STORE=<type>             Store type: periodic, probabilistic, adaptive [default: periodic]"
        );
        println!(
            "  THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CAPACITY=<size>    Initial store capacity [default: 100000]"
        );
        println!();
        println!("  For periodic store:");
        println!(
            "    THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL=<secs>   Cleanup interval in seconds [default: 300]"
        );
        println!();
        println!("  For probabilistic store:");
        println!(
            "    THROTTLECRAB_STORE_CLEANUP_PROBABILITY=<n>   Cleanup probability (1 in N) [default: 10000]"
        );
        println!();
        println!("  For adaptive store:");
        println!(
            "    THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MIN_INTERVAL=<secs>       Minimum cleanup interval [default: 5]"
        );
        println!(
            "    THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MAX_INTERVAL=<secs>       Maximum cleanup interval [default: 300]"
        );
        println!(
            "    THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MAX_OPERATIONS=<n>        Max operations before cleanup [default: 1000000]"
        );
        println!();

        println!("General Configuration:");
        println!("  THROTTLECRAB_BUFFER_SIZE=<size>       Channel buffer size [default: 100000]");
        println!(
            "  THROTTLECRAB_MAX_DENIED_KEYS=<count>  Maximum denied keys to track (0=disabled, max: 10000) [default: 100]"
        );
        println!(
            "  THROTTLECRAB_LOG_LEVEL=<level>        Log level: error, warn, info, debug, trace [default: info]"
        );
        println!();

        println!("Examples:");
        println!("  # Enable HTTP transport on port 8080");
        println!("  export THROTTLECRAB_HTTP=true");
        println!("  export THROTTLECRAB_HTTP_PORT=8080");
        println!();
        println!("  # Use adaptive store with custom settings");
        println!("  export THROTTLECRAB_STORE=adaptive");
        println!("  export THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MIN_INTERVAL=10");
        println!("  export THROTTLECRAB_STORE_MAX_INTERVAL=600");
        println!();
        println!("  # Run server (CLI args override env vars)");
        println!("  throttlecrab-server --http-port 9090  # Will use port 9090, not 8080");
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::str::FromStr;

    #[test]
    fn test_store_type_from_str() {
        assert_eq!(
            StoreType::from_str("periodic").unwrap(),
            StoreType::Periodic
        );
        assert_eq!(
            StoreType::from_str("PERIODIC").unwrap(),
            StoreType::Periodic
        );
        assert_eq!(
            StoreType::from_str("probabilistic").unwrap(),
            StoreType::Probabilistic
        );
        assert_eq!(
            StoreType::from_str("adaptive").unwrap(),
            StoreType::Adaptive
        );
        assert!(StoreType::from_str("invalid").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_config_validation_no_transport() {
        let config = Config {
            transports: TransportConfig {
                http: None,
                grpc: None,
                redis: None,
            },
            store: StoreConfig {
                store_type: StoreType::Periodic,
                capacity: 100_000,
                cleanup_interval: 300,
                cleanup_probability: 10_000,
                min_interval: 5,
                max_interval: 300,
                max_operations: 1_000_000,
            },
            buffer_size: 100_000,
            max_denied_keys: 100,
            log_level: "info".to_string(),
        };

        assert!(config.validate().is_err());
        assert!(!config.has_any_transport());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_config_validation_with_transport() {
        let config = Config {
            transports: TransportConfig {
                http: Some(HttpConfig {
                    host: "127.0.0.1".to_string(),
                    port: 8080,
                }),
                grpc: None,
                redis: None,
            },
            store: StoreConfig {
                store_type: StoreType::Periodic,
                capacity: 100_000,
                cleanup_interval: 300,
                cleanup_probability: 10_000,
                min_interval: 5,
                max_interval: 300,
                max_operations: 1_000_000,
            },
            buffer_size: 100_000,
            max_denied_keys: 100,
            log_level: "info".to_string(),
        };

        assert!(config.validate().is_ok());
        assert!(config.has_any_transport());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_config_multiple_transports() {
        let config = Config {
            transports: TransportConfig {
                http: Some(HttpConfig {
                    host: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
                    port: 8080,
                }),
                grpc: Some(GrpcConfig {
                    host: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
                    port: 50051,
                }),
                redis: None,
            },
            store: StoreConfig {
                store_type: StoreType::Adaptive,
                capacity: 200_000,
                cleanup_interval: 300,
                cleanup_probability: 10_000,
                min_interval: 10,
                max_interval: 600,
                max_operations: 2_000_000,
            },
            buffer_size: 50_000,
            max_denied_keys: 100,
            log_level: "debug".to_string(),
        };

        assert!(config.validate().is_ok());
        assert!(config.has_any_transport());
    }
}