teksilo_core/

arena.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 FernTech

use slotmap::SlotMap;

use crate::environment::ThemeOverride;
use crate::event_handlers::EventHandlers;
use crate::event_source::{SubscriptionHandle, SubscriptionId};
use crate::signal::{ObserverHandle, Prop, Signal};
use crate::widget::{CursorIcon, Widget};
use crate::widget_id::WidgetId;
use teksilo_canvas::RenderFrame;

/// Minimal placeholder widget used during composite rebuild and ID reservation.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct PlaceholderWidget;

impl Widget for PlaceholderWidget {
    fn layout_response(
        &self,
        _proposal: teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal,
        _ctx: &crate::widget::LayoutContext,
    ) -> crate::widget::LayoutResponse {
        teksilo_canvas::Size::ZERO.into()
    }
}

/// Activation state for a widget in the arena.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ActivationState {
    Active,
    Dormant,
    Destroyed,
}

/// Where a `HandlerSet` should land on the node: handlers the widget
/// attaches to itself (cleared on rebuild) vs handlers attached from
/// outside (persist across rebuilds).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub(crate) enum HandlerScope {
    /// Handlers registered during the widget's own `build()` via
    /// `BuildContext::apply_self_handlers`.
    Own,
    /// Handlers attached externally — at insertion time via
    /// `WidgetBuilder::on_tap` et al., or by a composing parent's
    /// `BuildContext::apply_handlers(child_id, ...)`.
    External,
}

/// Dirty flags for a widget.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct DirtyFlags {
    pub needs_layout: bool,
    pub needs_paint: bool,
    /// When true, the widget's `build()` should be re-run to regenerate children.
    /// Set by `BindingLevel::Rebuild` bindings (data-driven widgets).
    pub needs_rebuild: bool,
}

/// A node in the widget arena storing a widget and its metadata.
pub struct WidgetNode {
    pub widget: Box<dyn Widget>,
    pub parent: Option<WidgetId>,
    pub children: Vec<WidgetId>,
    pub activation: ActivationState,
    /// Whether this node is dormant **on its own account** — parked by a
    /// direct [`WidgetArena::set_dormant`] rather than swept along by an
    /// ancestor going dormant.
    ///
    /// This is the ungated twin of `visible_state`, and [`WidgetArena::activate`]
    /// honours the two identically: a self-parked child is left asleep when an
    /// ancestor wakes, because the ancestor's dormancy was never why it was
    /// asleep. Cleared the moment a caller activates this node *by id*, which is
    /// exactly how pre-registered overlay content is shown.
    ///
    /// Without it, every widget that pre-builds hidden content as a child with
    /// `ctx.add(..)` + `ctx.set_dormant(..)` — `SplitButton`'s dropdown,
    /// `MenuBar`'s menus, `Popover`, `Snackbar`, the date editors' calendars —
    /// spilled that content onto the screen as soon as any ancestor completed a
    /// dormancy cycle, laid out inline with no overlay behind it.
    pub(crate) self_dormant: bool,
    pub dirty: DirtyFlags,
    pub bounds: teksilo_canvas::Rect,
    pub(crate) theme_override: Option<ThemeOverride>,
    pub(crate) visible_state: Option<Prop<bool>>,
    pub(crate) enabled_state: Option<Prop<bool>>,
    /// Reactive Tab-key participation. When bound and evaluates to
    /// `false`, the widget is excluded from Tab / Shift+Tab traversal
    /// (`cycle_focus`) — but remains reachable via `request_focus`
    /// and arrow-key navigation that calls `request_focus`. This
    /// implements the ARIA roving-tabindex pattern (HTML
    /// `tabindex="-1"` semantics). `None` means "always a Tab stop
    /// when focusable" — the default. The selected `TabHeader` is the
    /// canonical user.
    pub(crate) tab_stop: Option<Prop<bool>>,
    /// User-bound signal that the framework sets to `true` whenever
    /// the focused widget is a strict descendant of this node, and
    /// `false` otherwise. Used by `Panel` / `Card` / composite
    /// widgets that want a unified focus halo without per-child
    /// `on_focus` plumbing. See `WidgetBuilder::focus_within`.
    pub(crate) focus_within_signal: Option<Signal<bool>>,
    /// Framework-managed signal, lazily attached to a focusable node, set to
    /// `true` whenever the focus is this node **or** a descendant (i.e. the node
    /// is an *inclusive* ancestor of the focused widget). Unlike
    /// `focus_within_signal` (strict descendants), this includes the node being
    /// focused itself — so a data view that holds focus directly reads `true`.
    /// Powers focus-aware selection (`BuildContext::view_focus_active`).
    pub(crate) view_focus_signal: Option<Signal<bool>>,
    /// User-bound signal that the framework sets to `true` whenever
    /// the hovered widget is a strict descendant of this node.
    /// Symmetric to `focus_within_signal`. See
    /// `WidgetBuilder::hover_within`.
    pub(crate) hover_within_signal: Option<Signal<bool>>,
    /// User-bound signal that the framework sets to `true` while this
    /// node is `ActivationState::Active` and `false` while it is
    /// `Dormant`. Opted into via `BuildContext::activation_signal`.
    /// Unlike every other widget — which is hidden automatically when
    /// the paint pass skips a dormant subtree — a widget that owns a
    /// resource living *outside* the wgpu pass (a native OS subview: a
    /// `WebView` engine surface) has no other way to learn it was parked
    /// dormant by a `Switcher` / `visible_when` gate, so it cannot hide
    /// that resource. This signal is that notification. Set only on an
    /// actual Active↔Dormant transition. See `set_dormant` / `activate`.
    pub(crate) activation_signal: Option<Signal<bool>>,
    /// Framework-written mirror of [`WidgetArena::is_enabled`] for this node —
    /// the AND of its own `enabled_state` and every ancestor's. Opted into via
    /// `BuildContext::effective_enabled_signal`.
    ///
    /// This has to be a *node-resident* signal that the framework refreshes,
    /// rather than a signal derived by walking ancestors at call time, because
    /// a widget's `parent` is still `None` while its own `build()` runs — the
    /// parent link is wired only after `build()` returns (see
    /// `WidgetTree::insert_widget`). A signal derived during `build()` would
    /// therefore capture an empty ancestor chain and report only the widget's
    /// own `enabled` prop, forever. Refreshed in
    /// `WidgetTree::flush_effective_enabled_signals`.
    pub(crate) effective_enabled_signal: Option<Signal<bool>>,
    pub(crate) alignment_override: Option<teksilo_tokens::Alignment>,
    /// When true, the paint pass clips child rendering to this widget's bounds.
    /// Set by scroll areas and overflow-hidden containers.
    pub clips_children: bool,
    /// Optional OS input-method (IME) descriptor. `Some(..)` declares this
    /// node a text-input surface — the platform enables the OS IME (with the
    /// descriptor's purpose) while the node is focused. `None` (the default)
    /// means no OS IME: enabling IME changes how text arrives, so the safe
    /// common-case default is off. The platform reads the focused node's
    /// descriptor at focus-change time. See [`crate::ime`].
    pub ime: Option<crate::ime::ImeContext>,
    /// When true, hit-testing skips this node — pointer events fall
    /// through to whatever sits behind it. Descendants are still
    /// hit-tested normally (the recursion walks into children before
    /// the pass-through check), so an interactive subtree under a
    /// pass-through wrapper stays usable. Used by the debug inspector's
    /// `HighlightLayer` and `HoverProbe` to paint over the user's
    /// content without absorbing clicks. Default `false`.
    pub event_pass_through: bool,
    /// When `true`, a pointer press anywhere in this widget's subtree must
    /// NOT arm a drag/swipe recognizer on any ancestor **above** this node —
    /// the subtree is a *gesture dead zone* for ancestor gestures. Used so
    /// interactive controls (buttons, a `⋮` menu) placed inside a draggable /
    /// swipeable container (a dock-panel header, a card, a list row) can be
    /// clicked without a few px of pointer jitter starting the ancestor's drag.
    /// The boundary is honored by `arm_drag_observers`. Mirrors Electron's
    /// `-webkit-app-region: no-drag`. Default `false`. See the `DeadZone`
    /// wrapper widget.
    pub gesture_dead_zone: bool,
    /// When `true` and this widget holds keyboard focus, a `KeyDown` is
    /// delivered straight to it **without** first running shortcut →
    /// intent → action resolution. The node is a *keyboard capture*
    /// surface: it wants every keystroke (including chords the host app
    /// binds as `Shortcut`s — `Ctrl+C`, `Ctrl+W`, `Alt+<letter>`, …).
    /// Used by a terminal emulator (which must forward `Ctrl+C` to the
    /// child process, not trigger the app's copy shortcut), a game
    /// viewport, or a vim-mode editor. Honored by `dispatch_event_impl`,
    /// which skips the shortcut block for a focused capture node.
    ///
    /// **`Ctrl+Tab` / `Ctrl+Shift+Tab` are reserved**: `dispatch_event_impl`
    /// cycles focus on that chord before dispatching to a focused capture
    /// node, so no capture surface can trap the keyboard (WCAG 2.1.2).
    /// Escape is not reserved — overlay back-navigation runs ahead of the
    /// check only while an overlay is open, so a capture surface below no
    /// overlay does see Escape. Default `false`.
    pub keyboard_capture: bool,
    /// When `true`, this widget AND its entire subtree are invisible to
    /// hit-testing: the recursion returns immediately without descending
    /// into children, so the point falls through to whatever sits
    /// behind. Unlike [`event_pass_through`](Self::event_pass_through)
    /// (which is per-node — descendants stay hittable), this excludes
    /// the whole subtree. Use for purely decorative overlays whose
    /// children are themselves widgets — a count badge over a button, a
    /// watermark, a status dot — so they never steal clicks meant for
    /// the control underneath. Default `false`.
    pub hit_transparent: bool,
    /// Optional opacity multiplier (0..1) applied to this widget's
    /// entire subtree during paint. The render walker emits
    /// `SetOpacity(value)` before walking the widget's own paint and
    /// children, then `RestoreOpacity` afterwards — so the multiplier
    /// composes with ancestor opacity scopes via the canvas's
    /// already-stacked opacity model. Bound at `Repaint` level: opacity
    /// changes never trigger relayout. `None` means "no opacity scope"
    /// (the default for almost every widget). The `Fade` widget sets
    /// this on its own node to drive an animated visibility tween.
    pub(crate) opacity_prop: Option<Prop<f32>>,
    /// Optional 2D affine transform applied to this widget's entire
    /// subtree during paint. The render walker emits
    /// `PushTransform(value)` before walking the widget's own paint
    /// and children, then `PopTransform` afterwards — the renderer
    /// composes it onto its transform stack so nested wrappers and
    /// widget-internal canvas transforms compose correctly. Bound at
    /// `Repaint` level by default (visual-only); a wrapper that wants
    /// the transform to drive layout (e.g. `Scale::reflow(true)`)
    /// must additionally bind its driver signal at `Relayout`.
    /// `None` means "no transform scope" (the default for almost every
    /// widget). The `Scale` and `Rotate` widgets set this on their own
    /// node.
    pub(crate) transform_prop: Option<Prop<teksilo_canvas::Transform2D>>,
    /// Whether [`transform_prop`](Self::transform_prop) transforms this node's
    /// **content** within a fixed parent-space viewport (`true`), versus
    /// transforming the **node itself** (`false`, the default).
    ///
    /// `Scale` / `Rotate` are *self* transforms: the node's own bounds move
    /// with the transform, so hit-testing inverse-applies the transform before
    /// the bounds test (a click lands where the scaled/rotated visual is).
    ///
    /// `SceneView` is a *content* transform: its bounds are a fixed screen
    /// viewport and the pan/zoom only moves its content, so hit-testing must
    /// test the bounds in parent space (keeping the whole visible viewport
    /// interactive at any pan) and apply the transform only when descending
    /// into children. Set via `BuildContext::set_content_transform`.
    pub(crate) content_transform: bool,
    /// Optional Gaussian-equivalent blur radius applied to this widget's
    /// entire subtree during paint. The render walker emits
    /// `BeginBlurredSubtree { bounds, radius }` before walking the
    /// widget's own paint and children, then `EndBlurredSubtree`
    /// afterwards — the renderer redirects drawing into an intermediate
    /// texture, runs a dual-Kawase blur chain at the requested radius,
    /// and composites the blurred result back into the parent pass.
    /// Bound at `Repaint` level: blur radius changes never trigger
    /// relayout. `None` (or `Some(radius < 0.5)`) means "no blur scope"
    /// — the walker skips the Begin/End pair entirely so disabled blur
    /// has zero per-frame cost. The `Blur` widget sets this on its own
    /// node.
    pub(crate) blur_prop: Option<Prop<f32>>,
    /// Cached paint output for this widget (excludes children).
    /// Reused when `needs_paint` is false to avoid re-running `paint()`.
    pub(crate) cached_paint: Option<RenderFrame>,
    /// Cached foreground output for widgets that override
    /// [`Widget::post_paint`] — the
    /// draws emitted *after* this widget's children. Separate frame from
    /// `cached_paint` because it lands at a different position in
    /// `draw_order` (after the child subtree). Reused on the same
    /// `needs_paint` gate.
    pub(crate) cached_post_paint: Option<RenderFrame>,
    /// The ambient raster scale `cached_paint` / `cached_post_paint`
    /// were baked at (the paint walker's accumulated transform scale,
    /// quantized). Glyph quads in those frames reference bitmaps of
    /// that density; when the walker's current scale differs (a scene
    /// zoom crossed a quantization bucket), the cached frames are
    /// treated as `needs_paint` even though the widget itself is clean.
    pub(crate) paint_raster_scale: f32,
    /// The `WidgetTree::paint_epoch` at which this widget's bounds were
    /// last observed inside the window viewport by the paint pass.
    /// The animation scheduler uses this to pause looping animations
    /// for offscreen widgets: an animation whose
    /// `last_painted_epoch + 1 < tree.paint_epoch` is considered
    /// off-screen and skipped. `0` means "not yet painted" — treated
    /// as "always visible" to keep headless tests (no `render()` call)
    /// from regressing.
    pub last_painted_epoch: u64,

    // --- V2 fields ---
    /// Event handlers the widget attached to itself during its own
    /// `build()` via `BuildContext::apply_self_handlers`. Cleared on
    /// rebuild so accumulating `apply_self_handlers` calls across
    /// rebuilds don't stack N-fold handler chains.
    pub(crate) handlers: EventHandlers,
    /// Event handlers attached *externally* — either via the
    /// `WidgetBuilder` chain at the widget's creation site
    /// (`SomeWidget::new().on_tap(...)`) or by a parent's
    /// `BuildContext::apply_handlers(child_id, ...)`. These survive
    /// rebuilds: the widget didn't register them and shouldn't decide
    /// when they go away.
    pub(crate) external_handlers: EventHandlers,
    /// Focusable override set via HandlerSet. Takes precedence over widget.is_focusable().
    pub(crate) node_focusable: Option<bool>,
    /// Tab index override set via HandlerSet.
    pub(crate) node_tab_index: Option<i32>,
    /// Traversal-scope marker. When `Some(policy)`, `cycle_focus` treats this
    /// node's subtree as an independent Tab group: `tab_index` numbering is
    /// scoped to its descendants (so sibling scopes never interleave) and
    /// `policy` governs what Tab does at the scope's ends. `None` (default)
    /// means the node is transparent to traversal scoping. Set by the
    /// `FocusScope` wrapper via `BuildContext::set_traversal_scope`. A node
    /// carrying this marker is forced non-focusable (it is a boundary, never a
    /// Tab stop). See [`crate::focus::TraversalScopePolicy`].
    pub(crate) node_traversal_scope: Option<crate::focus::TraversalScopePolicy>,
    /// Cursor override set via HandlerSet.
    pub(crate) node_cursor: Option<CursorIcon>,
    /// RAII observer handles for effects registered during build().
    /// Dropped on rebuild or widget destruction.
    pub(crate) effect_handles: Vec<ObserverHandle>,
    /// Backend-event subscriptions registered during build() via
    /// `BuildContext::subscribe_event`. Each entry pairs a subscription id
    /// (used to remove the UI-side callback from `TreeAppContext`) with the
    /// opaque source-side handle whose `Drop` removes the subscriber from
    /// the source's internal registry.
    pub(crate) subscription_handles: Vec<(SubscriptionId, SubscriptionHandle)>,
    /// Parentless nodes this widget created during `build()` and still owns —
    /// pre-built overlay content (a menu, a calendar, a tooltip's nested
    /// cascade children) that is deliberately *not* a child.
    ///
    /// Such content cannot be a child: activation and the paint walk both
    /// descend through `children`, so a dormant popup parked there wakes with
    /// its host and paints inline at zero size. Keeping it parentless fixes
    /// that and creates the opposite problem — no teardown walk reaches it, so
    /// every rebuild of the host strands another copy in the arena for the
    /// lifetime of the process. This list is the missing ownership edge:
    /// [`WidgetTree::destroy_subtree`](crate::widget_tree::WidgetTree) reaps it
    /// with the owner, and a rebuild reaps the previous generation. Recorded
    /// via `BuildContext::add_detached`.
    pub(crate) detached: Vec<WidgetId>,
    /// Context menu factory — invoked on right-click to produce overlay content.
    pub(crate) context_menu_factory: Option<crate::widget_builder::ContextMenuFactory>,
    /// Intent-bound actions attached by this widget during `build()`.
    /// Consulted during intent dispatch (source-widget → root walk).
    /// Cleared on rebuild in the same pass that clears handlers.
    pub(crate) actions: Vec<crate::action::Action>,
    /// Builder-level accessibility overrides (`access_label`,
    /// `access_role`, etc.). Mirrored from the wrapper's `HandlerSet`
    /// at insertion via `apply_handler_set`. Applied by the
    /// accessibility tree walker after the inner widget's
    /// `accessibility(&self, builder)` runs. Action callbacks
    /// (`actions`, `custom_actions` inside this struct) are dispatched
    /// by `event_dispatch_impl.rs` when handling
    /// `WidgetEvent::AccessAction`.
    pub(crate) access_overrides: Option<Box<crate::widget_builder::AccessibilityOverrides>>,
    /// Subtree visibility / merge mode (`access_exclude_subtree` /
    /// `access_merge_subtree`). Mirrored from the wrapper's
    /// `HandlerSet`.
    pub(crate) access_subtree: crate::widget_builder::AccessSubtreeMode,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for WidgetNode {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("WidgetNode")
            .field("widget", &self.widget)
            .field("parent", &self.parent)
            .field("children", &self.children)
            .field("activation", &self.activation)
            .field("dirty", &self.dirty)
            .field("bounds", &self.bounds)
            .field("has_gesture_arena", &self.handlers.gesture_arena.is_some())
            .field("has_theme_override", &self.theme_override.is_some())
            .field("has_visible_state", &self.visible_state.is_some())
            .field("has_enabled_state", &self.enabled_state.is_some())
            .finish()
    }
}

impl WidgetNode {
    /// Construct a fresh node wrapping `widget`, parented at `parent`
    /// (`None` for a root). All other fields take their insertion defaults;
    /// the caller wires up `children` / parent back-links afterward.
    pub(crate) fn new(widget: Box<dyn Widget>, parent: Option<WidgetId>) -> Self {
        WidgetNode {
            widget,
            parent,
            children: Vec::new(),
            activation: ActivationState::Active,
            self_dormant: false,
            dirty: DirtyFlags {
                needs_layout: true,
                needs_paint: true,
                needs_rebuild: false,
            },
            bounds: teksilo_canvas::Rect::ZERO,
            theme_override: None,
            visible_state: None,
            enabled_state: None,
            tab_stop: None,
            focus_within_signal: None,
            view_focus_signal: None,
            hover_within_signal: None,
            activation_signal: None,
            effective_enabled_signal: None,
            alignment_override: None,
            clips_children: false,
            ime: None,
            event_pass_through: false,
            gesture_dead_zone: false,
            keyboard_capture: false,
            hit_transparent: false,
            opacity_prop: None,
            transform_prop: None,
            content_transform: false,
            blur_prop: None,
            cached_paint: None,
            cached_post_paint: None,
            paint_raster_scale: 1.0,
            last_painted_epoch: 0,
            handlers: EventHandlers::new(),
            external_handlers: EventHandlers::new(),
            node_focusable: None,
            node_tab_index: None,
            node_traversal_scope: None,
            node_cursor: None,
            effect_handles: Vec::new(),
            subscription_handles: Vec::new(),
            detached: Vec::new(),
            context_menu_factory: None,
            actions: Vec::new(),
            access_overrides: None,
            access_subtree: crate::widget_builder::AccessSubtreeMode::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Does EITHER handler slot (own or external) have a handler of the
    /// requested kind? Use this when deciding whether to build a gesture
    /// arena, mark the node as a drop target, etc.
    pub(crate) fn any_handler<F>(&self, f: F) -> bool
    where
        F: Fn(&EventHandlers) -> bool,
    {
        f(&self.handlers) || f(&self.external_handlers)
    }
}

/// Flat arena storage for all widgets, using SlotMap for O(1) access.
pub struct WidgetArena {
    nodes: SlotMap<WidgetId, WidgetNode>,
    /// Number of nodes with theme overrides. When zero, resolve_theme is O(1).
    pub(crate) theme_override_count: usize,
    /// Cached root widget IDs (widgets with no parent).
    cached_roots: Vec<WidgetId>,
    /// Whether the cached_roots list needs rebuilding.
    roots_dirty: bool,
    /// Per-pass memoization of `Widget::layout_response`, keyed by
    /// `(WidgetId, ProposalKey)`. Cleared once at the start of every layout
    /// pass (see `clear_layout_cache`). Height-for-width negotiation queries
    /// each child along the main axis and again along the cross axis, so
    /// without this the cost compounds super-linearly with nesting depth;
    /// with it, each `(id, proposal)` is computed at most once per pass.
    /// `RefCell` because layout runs through shared `&WidgetArena` borrows.
    layout_cache: std::cell::RefCell<
        std::collections::HashMap<(WidgetId, ProposalKey), crate::widget::LayoutResponse>,
    >,
    /// True while [`measure_intrinsic`](Self::measure_intrinsic) is running.
    /// In this mode `cached_layout_response` measures even dormant widgets
    /// (and their dormant subtrees) and bypasses the cache, so an adaptive
    /// container can size an item it intends to keep hidden without that size
    /// leaking into the normal per-pass cache.
    measuring: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
    /// Active↔Dormant transitions of nodes carrying an `activation_signal`,
    /// recorded by [`set_dormant`](Self::set_dormant) / [`activate`](Self::activate)
    /// and drained by `WidgetTree::flush_activation_signals` *after* the
    /// mutation completes. Signals are fired at the tree level, never from
    /// inside the arena recursion — mirroring how `focus_within` /
    /// `hover_within` are updated from `WidgetTree` methods rather than mid
    /// mutation, so an observer (e.g. a `WebView`'s `set_visible`, which on a
    /// real backend is an OS call) never runs while the arena is being walked.
    /// Only nodes with a signal contribute, so the buffer is empty for the
    /// overwhelming majority of trees.
    pending_activation_changes: Vec<(WidgetId, bool)>,
    /// Every node that installed an `effective_enabled_signal`, so the
    /// per-pass refresh visits only opted-in nodes instead of the whole arena.
    /// Unlike `pending_activation_changes` this is NOT a change queue: an
    /// ancestor's `enabled` prop is a `Signal` that can flip at any time
    /// without the arena being told, so there is no single mutation site to
    /// record a transition at. The refresh recomputes and diffs instead —
    /// see `WidgetTree::flush_effective_enabled_signals`. Dead ids are pruned
    /// there, so a destroyed widget cannot leak.
    effective_enabled_watchers: Vec<WidgetId>,
}

/// Hashable key for a [`teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal`] used by the per-pass
/// layout cache. Each axis is encoded to a `u64`: `None` → a sentinel
/// distinct from any finite `f32`, `Some(v)` → the canonicalized `f32` bits
/// (`-0.0` folded to `0.0`, all NaNs folded to one pattern) so two equal
/// proposals always hash and compare equal.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
struct ProposalKey([u64; 2]);

impl ProposalKey {
    fn from_proposal(p: teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal) -> Self {
        fn axis_bits(v: Option<f32>) -> u64 {
            match v {
                // `f32::to_bits()` widens into 0..=u32::MAX, so u64::MAX is a
                // safe sentinel that no `Some(_)` can collide with.
                None => u64::MAX,
                Some(f) => {
                    let canon = if f == 0.0 {
                        0.0
                    } else if f.is_nan() {
                        f32::NAN
                    } else {
                        f
                    };
                    canon.to_bits() as u64
                }
            }
        }
        Self([axis_bits(p.width), axis_bits(p.height)])
    }
}

impl WidgetArena {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            nodes: SlotMap::with_key(),
            theme_override_count: 0,
            cached_roots: Vec::new(),
            roots_dirty: true,
            layout_cache: std::cell::RefCell::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()),
            measuring: std::cell::Cell::new(false),
            pending_activation_changes: Vec::new(),
            effective_enabled_watchers: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Clear the per-pass layout memoization cache. Called once at the start of
    /// each layout pass — geometry (and therefore `layout_response` results)
    /// may change between passes, so the cache is valid only within one pass.
    pub(crate) fn clear_layout_cache(&self) {
        self.layout_cache.borrow_mut().clear();
    }

    /// Compute a widget's layout response, memoized per `(id, proposal)` for
    /// the current layout pass. Returns `None` if the id is missing or
    /// dormant. Widgets that opt out via `Widget::cacheable_layout() == false`
    /// (e.g. the inspector's bounds tracker, which deliberately mutates signals
    /// in `layout_response`) bypass the cache so their side effect fires on
    /// every call.
    ///
    /// The key is `(id, proposal)` only: `layout_response` also reads the
    /// `LayoutContext` (resolved theme, layout direction, text backend), but
    /// those are a stable function of `id` within a single pass, so the pair
    /// uniquely determines the input.
    pub(crate) fn cached_layout_response(
        &self,
        id: WidgetId,
        proposal: teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal,
        ctx: &crate::widget::LayoutContext,
    ) -> Option<crate::widget::LayoutResponse> {
        let node = self.nodes.get(id)?;
        let measuring = self.measuring.get();
        if node.activation != ActivationState::Active && !measuring {
            return None;
        }
        // While measuring intrinsic sizes (incl. of dormant subtrees), bypass
        // the cache entirely so a dormant widget's size never pollutes the
        // normal per-pass cache.
        if measuring || !node.widget.cacheable_layout() {
            return Some(node.widget.layout_response(proposal, ctx));
        }
        let key = (id, ProposalKey::from_proposal(proposal));
        // Scope the shared borrow so it is released before `layout_response`
        // runs — that call recurses into children, which borrow the same
        // `layout_cache` (read, then write) and would otherwise alias.
        {
            if let Some(cached) = self.layout_cache.borrow().get(&key) {
                return Some(*cached);
            }
        }
        let resp = node.widget.layout_response(proposal, ctx);
        self.layout_cache.borrow_mut().insert(key, resp);
        Some(resp)
    }

    /// Measure a widget's intrinsic `layout_response` size for `proposal`,
    /// **regardless of activation** — including dormant/collapsed widgets and
    /// their dormant subtrees. Returns `None` only if the id is absent.
    ///
    /// Adaptive containers (e.g. an overflow [`Toolbar`](crate) that collapses
    /// items into a menu) use this to size an item they intend to keep hidden,
    /// so they can decide when to show it again as space grows — something
    /// `child_layout_response` cannot do, since it returns `None` for inactive
    /// widgets.
    ///
    /// Runs uncached (a dormant widget's size never enters the per-pass cache)
    /// and is re-entrant-safe (saves/restores the measuring flag). Calls
    /// `layout_response`, which must be idempotent (see
    /// [`Widget::cacheable_layout`]).
    pub(crate) fn measure_intrinsic(
        &self,
        id: WidgetId,
        proposal: teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal,
        ctx: &crate::widget::LayoutContext,
    ) -> Option<teksilo_canvas::Size> {
        if !self.nodes.contains_key(id) {
            return None;
        }
        let prev = self.measuring.replace(true);
        // `cached_layout_response` (and every nested child query during this
        // call) sees `measuring == true`, so it bypasses the active check and
        // the cache for the whole subtree.
        let resp = self.cached_layout_response(id, proposal, ctx);
        self.measuring.set(prev);
        resp.map(|r| r.size)
    }

    /// Insert a widget into the arena as a root-level widget.
    pub fn insert(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) -> WidgetId {
        self.roots_dirty = true;
        let children = widget.children();
        let id = self.nodes.insert(WidgetNode::new(widget, None));
        // Set up parent-child for declared children
        for &child_id in &children {
            if let Some(child_node) = self.nodes.get_mut(child_id) {
                child_node.parent = Some(id);
            }
        }
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.children = children;
        }
        id
    }

    /// Insert a widget as a child of the given parent.
    pub fn insert_child(&mut self, parent: WidgetId, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) -> WidgetId {
        assert!(
            self.nodes.contains_key(parent),
            "insert_child() called with invalid parent WidgetId {parent:?}"
        );
        self.roots_dirty = true;
        let children = widget.children();
        let id = self.nodes.insert(WidgetNode::new(widget, Some(parent)));
        // Set up parent-child for declared children
        for &child_id in &children {
            if let Some(child_node) = self.nodes.get_mut(child_id) {
                child_node.parent = Some(id);
            }
        }
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.children = children;
        }
        if let Some(parent_node) = self.nodes.get_mut(parent) {
            parent_node.children.push(id);
        }
        id
    }

    pub fn get(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&WidgetNode> {
        self.nodes.get(id)
    }

    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<&mut WidgetNode> {
        self.nodes.get_mut(id)
    }

    pub fn children(&self, id: WidgetId) -> &[WidgetId] {
        self.nodes
            .get(id)
            .map(|n| n.children.as_slice())
            .unwrap_or(&[])
    }

    pub fn parent(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        self.nodes.get(id).and_then(|n| n.parent)
    }

    pub fn bounds(&self, id: WidgetId) -> teksilo_canvas::Rect {
        self.nodes
            .get(id)
            .map(|n| n.bounds)
            .unwrap_or(teksilo_canvas::Rect::ZERO)
    }

    /// The accumulated 2D affine transform that maps `id`'s pre-transform
    /// local-space points to screen space — equivalent to the renderer's
    /// `transform_stack` top by the time it begins painting `id`. Used by
    /// hit-testing and any consumer that needs to project a node's
    /// pre-transform bounds into screen space (e.g. teksilo-scene's a11y
    /// bounds projection of view-transformed scene items).
    ///
    /// **Composition order.** Mirrors `crates/teksilo-render/src/renderer.rs`'s
    /// `PushTransform` handling: each push composes as
    /// `new_top = device_t.then(prev_top)`, so the deepest (innermost)
    /// transform is applied **first** to a local point and outer ancestors
    /// compose afterward. Walking root→leaf, each ancestor's
    /// `transform_prop` is folded in via `t.then(effective)` (NOT
    /// `effective.then(t)`).
    ///
    /// Returns `Transform2D::IDENTITY` if no ancestor sets a non-identity
    /// transform, which is the common case (90%+ of widgets).
    pub fn effective_transform(&self, id: WidgetId) -> teksilo_canvas::Transform2D {
        // Collect leaf→root, then iterate root→leaf. Composition is
        // `t_new.then(effective_so_far)` so the outer ancestor is applied
        // *after* the deeper push — matching the renderer's stack semantic
        // (`device_t.then(prev_top)` at PushTransform).
        let mut chain: Vec<WidgetId> = Vec::new();
        let mut current = Some(id);
        while let Some(c) = current {
            chain.push(c);
            current = self.parent(c);
        }
        let mut effective = teksilo_canvas::Transform2D::IDENTITY;
        for node_id in chain.iter().rev() {
            if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get(*node_id)
                && let Some(p) = node.transform_prop.as_ref()
            {
                let t = p.get();
                if !t.is_identity() {
                    effective = t.then(&effective);
                }
            }
        }
        effective
    }

    /// Convert a **window-space** pointer position into the **widget-local**
    /// coordinate space of `id`'s event handlers — i.e. relative to `id`'s
    /// top-left, after undoing any transform scopes between the window and
    /// `id`. This is the single conversion the dispatcher applies before
    /// handing a position to `on_tap` / `on_drag` / `on_pointer_event`, so
    /// every handler sees positions in its own local space.
    ///
    /// The transform handling mirrors `Self::hit_test_recursive` so the
    /// position a handler receives is in the same space the hit-test used
    /// to pick it:
    /// * A **content** transform node (`content_transform`, e.g.
    ///   `SceneView`) owns its transform and maps its content itself. The
    ///   framework feeds such a node positions in its **parent-effective**
    ///   space (the same space `hit_test_recursive` passes through
    ///   `inv(transform)`), with **no** bounds-origin subtraction — the
    ///   node's `view_transform` already accounts for its placement.
    /// * Any other node (the 90%+ identity case, plus `Scale` / `Rotate`
    ///   self-transforms) receives widget-local coordinates: undo the full
    ///   transform chain including its own, then subtract its bounds
    ///   origin so the result is relative to its top-left.
    ///
    /// In the common no-transform case this collapses to
    /// `window_point - bounds.origin`.
    pub fn local_pointer_position(
        &self,
        id: WidgetId,
        window_point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
    ) -> teksilo_canvas::Point {
        let content_transform = self.get(id).map(|n| n.content_transform).unwrap_or(false);
        if content_transform {
            // Parent-effective space, no origin subtraction (the node's
            // own transform consumes these coordinates).
            let to_parent = self
                .parent(id)
                .map(|p| self.effective_transform(p))
                .unwrap_or(teksilo_canvas::Transform2D::IDENTITY);
            return match to_parent.inverse() {
                Some(inv) => inv.apply_point(window_point),
                None => window_point,
            };
        }
        let in_local = match self.effective_transform(id).inverse() {
            Some(inv) => inv.apply_point(window_point),
            // Degenerate transform: fall back to the raw point rather than
            // dropping the event.
            None => window_point,
        };
        let bounds = self.bounds(id);
        teksilo_canvas::Point::new(in_local.x - bounds.x, in_local.y - bounds.y)
    }

    /// Get all root-level widget IDs (widgets with no parent).
    pub fn roots(&self) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
        if self.roots_dirty {
            // Fall back to scanning when cache is stale.
            // refresh_roots() should be called from layout() for the fast path.
            return self
                .nodes
                .iter()
                .filter(|(_, node)| node.parent.is_none())
                .map(|(id, _)| id)
                .collect();
        }
        self.cached_roots.clone()
    }

    /// Refresh the cached roots list. Call once per frame from layout().
    pub fn refresh_roots(&mut self) {
        if self.roots_dirty {
            self.cached_roots = self
                .nodes
                .iter()
                .filter(|(_, node)| node.parent.is_none())
                .map(|(id, _)| id)
                .collect();
            self.roots_dirty = false;
        }
    }

    /// Walk the active widget tree at `point` and return the deepest
    /// widget under it (the front-most hit, last child wins). Honors
    /// `event_pass_through` (such nodes pass through to whatever sits
    /// behind them but their descendants are still hit-testable). Does
    /// not consider overlays — for the full pointer-routing hit-test
    /// see `WidgetTree::hit_test`.
    ///
    /// `exclude`: if `Some(id)`, that widget (and any descendants
    /// within its subtree) are skipped during the walk. Used by the
    /// debug inspector's picker tool to ignore the picker overlay
    /// itself, and by drag-and-drop to ignore the drag preview.
    pub fn hit_test_at(
        &self,
        point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
        exclude: Option<WidgetId>,
    ) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        for &root in self.roots().iter().rev() {
            if let Some(hit) = self.hit_test_recursive(root, point, exclude) {
                return Some(hit);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Hit-test starting from a specific subtree root rather than the
    /// arena's top-level roots. Same semantics as
    /// [`hit_test_at`](Self::hit_test_at) but scoped — useful when
    /// callers want to ignore everything outside a known subtree
    /// (e.g. the inspector's picker hit-tests inside the user-root
    /// subtree so it never resolves to its own chrome).
    pub fn hit_test_in_subtree(
        &self,
        start: WidgetId,
        point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
    ) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        self.hit_test_recursive(start, point, None)
    }

    /// Like [`hit_test_in_subtree`](Self::hit_test_in_subtree) but also
    /// excludes a widget (and its descendants) from the walk. Lets the
    /// overlay / drag-and-drop hit-test reuse the single canonical recursion
    /// in `hit_test_recursive` instead of duplicating it.
    pub fn hit_test_in_subtree_excluding(
        &self,
        start: WidgetId,
        point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
        exclude: Option<WidgetId>,
    ) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        self.hit_test_recursive(start, point, exclude)
    }

    fn hit_test_recursive(
        &self,
        id: WidgetId,
        point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
        exclude: Option<WidgetId>,
    ) -> Option<WidgetId> {
        if !self.is_active(id) || Some(id) == exclude {
            return None;
        }
        // Decorative subtree: skip this node and ALL its descendants so
        // the point falls through to whatever is painted behind. Checked
        // before descending into children (the difference from
        // `event_pass_through`, which is applied only after the children
        // miss).
        if self.get(id).map(|n| n.hit_transparent).unwrap_or(false) {
            return None;
        }
        // The input point arrives in this node's parent-effective space. A
        // `set_transform` scope is composed by the render walker around this
        // node's subtree, so hit-testing mirrors it by inverse-applying the
        // transform once. *Which* rectangle the transform applies to depends
        // on whether it's a **content** transform or a **self** transform
        // (see `WidgetNode::content_transform`):
        //
        // * A **content** transform (`content_transform`, e.g. `SceneView`) is
        //   a fixed viewport: its bounds are a rectangle in PARENT space and
        //   the transform pans / zooms only its CONTENT. Test the bounds
        //   against the parent-space point; inverse-transform only for
        //   descending into children, so the whole visible viewport stays
        //   interactive regardless of pan / zoom. (Without this, panning the
        //   content shifts the hittable region off the viewport — clicks /
        //   wheel over the visible scene fall through to whatever is behind.)
        // * A **self** transform (`Scale` / `Rotate`, whose own bounds move
        //   with the transform) inverse-transforms first, then tests its
        //   bounds in the resulting local space (a click lands where the
        //   scaled / rotated visual actually is).
        //
        // Identity / missing transforms collapse both paths to the scalar
        // case, so the hot path stays cheap. `content_transform` is
        // `SceneView`-only today, so this only changes SceneView hit-testing;
        // `Scale` / `Rotate` (also `clips_children`) keep the self-transform
        // path.
        let transform = self
            .get(id)
            .and_then(|n| n.transform_prop.as_ref())
            .map(|p| p.get())
            .filter(|t| !t.is_identity());
        let content_transform = self.get(id).map(|n| n.content_transform).unwrap_or(false);
        // A degenerate transform (collapsed axis) hides the entire subtree
        // visually; `inverse()` returning None mirrors that for hit-testing.
        let child_point = match transform {
            Some(t) => t.inverse()?.apply_point(point),
            None => point,
        };
        // Content-transform nodes test their (parent-space) viewport against
        // the incoming point; everything else tests in the inverse-transformed
        // local space.
        let bounds_point = if content_transform {
            point
        } else {
            child_point
        };
        let bounds = self.bounds(id);
        if !bounds.contains(bounds_point) {
            return None;
        }
        // Shape rejection: a widget with a non-rectangular silhouette (an
        // ellipse / cloud scene node, a circular handle) can reject a point
        // that is inside its bounding box but outside its actual shape via
        // `Widget::hit_shape`. Returning None here lets the caller's
        // reverse-sibling loop fall through to whatever is painted
        // underneath — the same path `event_pass_through` takes, but
        // shape-aware (only the rejected sub-region falls through, not the
        // whole widget). Default `hit_shape` returns true, so rectangular
        // widgets take this branch for free with no behavior change.
        if let Some(node) = self.get(id)
            && !node.widget.hit_shape(bounds_point, bounds)
        {
            return None;
        }
        let pass_through = self.get(id).map(|n| n.event_pass_through).unwrap_or(false);
        let children: Vec<WidgetId> = self.children(id).to_vec();
        for &child in children.iter().rev() {
            if let Some(hit) = self.hit_test_recursive(child, child_point, exclude) {
                return Some(hit);
            }
        }
        if pass_through {
            return None;
        }
        Some(id)
    }

    /// Iterate over all active widget IDs.
    ///
    /// Allocating wrapper around [`Self::active_ids_iter`]. Hot-path
    /// callers that hold `&self` for the whole iteration should call
    /// the iterator directly to avoid the per-call `Vec` allocation;
    /// callers that need an owned snapshot (because they mutate
    /// arena state inside the loop) should use
    /// [`Self::fill_active_ids`] with a reusable buffer.
    pub fn active_ids(&self) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
        self.active_ids_iter().collect()
    }

    /// Stream all active widget IDs without allocating. The iterator
    /// borrows the arena, so the caller cannot mutate it while
    /// iterating — for that case use [`Self::fill_active_ids`].
    pub fn active_ids_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = WidgetId> + '_ {
        self.nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|(_, node)| node.activation == ActivationState::Active)
            .map(|(id, _)| id)
    }

    /// Fill `out` with every active widget ID. Clears `out` first so
    /// callers can reuse a long-lived buffer across calls. Use this
    /// when the iteration site needs an owned snapshot independent
    /// of the arena borrow (typically because it mutates per-widget
    /// state with `arena.get_mut(id)` inside the loop).
    pub fn fill_active_ids(&self, out: &mut Vec<WidgetId>) {
        out.clear();
        out.extend(self.active_ids_iter());
    }

    /// Set a widget subtree to dormant state (state preserved, not rendered).
    /// Recursively dormants all children.
    ///
    /// The node named here is marked self-parked (`WidgetNode::self_dormant`);
    /// the descendants swept along by the recursion are not, since their
    /// dormancy belongs to this ancestor rather than to them. That distinction
    /// is what lets [`activate`](Self::activate) put the subtree back exactly as
    /// it found it instead of waking content that was already closed.
    pub fn set_dormant(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        self.park(id, true);
    }

    /// [`set_dormant`](Self::set_dormant)'s body, plus whether `id` is being
    /// parked on its own account or dragged along by an ancestor.
    ///
    /// A node already self-parked stays that way when an ancestor sweeps over
    /// it — the flag is only ever set here, never cleared, so nesting two
    /// dormancy cycles cannot lose the inner one.
    fn park(&mut self, id: WidgetId, on_its_own_account: bool) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            let was_active = node.activation == ActivationState::Active;
            node.activation = ActivationState::Dormant;
            if on_its_own_account {
                node.self_dormant = true;
            }
            // Record the Active→Dormant transition for nodes that opted into an
            // activation signal; the signal is fired later by
            // `WidgetTree::flush_activation_signals`, not here — see the
            // `pending_activation_changes` field docs.
            if was_active && node.activation_signal.is_some() {
                self.pending_activation_changes.push((id, false));
            }
        }
        let children: Vec<WidgetId> = self.children(id).to_vec();
        for child in children {
            self.park(child, false);
        }
    }

    /// Activate a dormant widget subtree (triggers relayout and repaint).
    /// Recursively activates all children, **except** those a descendant
    /// widget has independently gated off via `visible_when(false)`.
    ///
    /// The directly-targeted `id` is always activated (the caller asked for
    /// it). When recursing, a child whose own `visible_state` currently
    /// evaluates to `false` is left dormant along with its subtree: it is
    /// hidden by its own gate, not by the ancestor's dormancy, so a parent
    /// reactivation must not wake it. This is what keeps a `ComboBox`'s
    /// closed dropdown panel, a collapsed overlay, or any `visible_when`-
    /// gated child from leaking back to the screen when an ancestor (e.g. a
    /// `Toolbar` item reappearing from overflow) is re-activated. The
    /// per-pass visibility reconciliation
    /// ([`visibility_checks_iter`](Self::visibility_checks_iter)) still owns
    /// the eventual activate/dormant transitions when the gate flips.
    pub fn activate(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            // Only Dormant→Active is a real "show" transition. Guard on
            // `== Dormant` (not `!= Active`) so a `Destroyed` node — or any
            // future non-Active state — is never resurrected or signalled.
            let was_dormant = node.activation == ActivationState::Dormant;
            node.activation = ActivationState::Active;
            node.self_dormant = false;
            node.dirty.needs_layout = true;
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
            if was_dormant && node.activation_signal.is_some() {
                self.pending_activation_changes.push((id, true));
            }
        }
        let children: Vec<WidgetId> = self.children(id).to_vec();
        for child in children {
            let asleep_on_its_own_account = self
                .nodes
                .get(child)
                .map(|n| {
                    n.self_dormant
                        || n.visible_state
                            .as_ref()
                            .map(|vs| !vs.get())
                            .unwrap_or(false)
                })
                .unwrap_or(false);
            if asleep_on_its_own_account {
                continue;
            }
            self.activate(child);
        }
    }

    /// Destroy a widget and remove it from the arena entirely.
    /// Recursively destroys all children. State is gone.
    pub fn destroy(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        self.roots_dirty = true;
        let children: Vec<WidgetId> = self.children(id).to_vec();
        for child in children {
            self.destroy(child);
        }
        self.remove_node(id);
    }

    /// Remove a *single* node: unlink it from its parent's child list and drop
    /// it from the arena. Does **not** recurse into its children.
    ///
    /// The caller owns the recursion. This exists for
    /// [`WidgetTree::destroy_subtree`](crate::widget_tree::WidgetTree) /
    /// the reconciling rebuild path, which walks the subtree itself so it can
    /// honour re-parenting — a child re-homed into the surviving tree must NOT
    /// be torn down via this node's now-stale `children` list. Using
    /// [`destroy`](Self::destroy) there would re-recurse that stale list and
    /// destroy the re-homed survivor.
    pub fn remove_node(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        self.roots_dirty = true;
        if let Some(parent_id) = self.parent(id)
            && let Some(parent) = self.nodes.get_mut(parent_id)
        {
            parent.children.retain(|&c| c != id);
        }
        self.nodes.remove(id);
    }

    /// Drain the buffered Active↔Dormant transitions recorded since the last
    /// call. Each `(id, active)` is fed to `WidgetTree::flush_activation_signals`
    /// which fires the node's `activation_signal` — at the tree level, outside
    /// any arena mutation.
    pub(crate) fn take_activation_changes(&mut self) -> Vec<(WidgetId, bool)> {
        std::mem::take(&mut self.pending_activation_changes)
    }

    /// Record that `id` installed an `effective_enabled_signal`. Idempotent —
    /// the signal is install-or-reuse, so a rebuild re-registering the same
    /// node must not grow the list.
    pub(crate) fn watch_effective_enabled(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if !self.effective_enabled_watchers.contains(&id) {
            self.effective_enabled_watchers.push(id);
        }
    }

    /// The nodes carrying an `effective_enabled_signal`, for the per-pass
    /// refresh. Cloned so the caller can recompute `is_enabled` (an immutable
    /// ancestor walk) without holding a borrow on the arena.
    pub(crate) fn effective_enabled_watchers(&self) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
        self.effective_enabled_watchers.clone()
    }

    /// Drop watchers whose node is gone (destroyed / rebuilt away).
    pub(crate) fn prune_effective_enabled_watchers(&mut self) {
        self.effective_enabled_watchers
            .retain(|id| self.nodes.contains_key(*id));
    }

    pub fn is_active(&self, id: WidgetId) -> bool {
        self.nodes
            .get(id)
            .map(|n| n.activation == ActivationState::Active)
            .unwrap_or(false)
    }

    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.nodes.len()
    }

    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.nodes.is_empty()
    }

    pub fn mark_all_clean(&mut self) {
        for (_, node) in self.nodes.iter_mut() {
            node.dirty = DirtyFlags::default();
        }
    }

    pub fn any_needs_layout(&self) -> bool {
        self.nodes
            .values()
            .any(|n| n.activation == ActivationState::Active && n.dirty.needs_layout)
    }

    pub fn any_needs_paint(&self) -> bool {
        self.nodes
            .values()
            .any(|n| n.activation == ActivationState::Active && n.dirty.needs_paint)
    }

    pub fn mark_needs_paint(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
        }
    }

    /// Recursively mark a widget and all its descendants needs_paint.
    /// Used by callers that want a fresh paint of an entire subtree
    /// — e.g. a rich tooltip whose dwell indicator child would
    /// otherwise reuse its cached_paint while the parent re-runs
    /// some per-frame logic.
    pub fn mark_subtree_needs_paint(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
        }
        let children: Vec<WidgetId> = self.children(id).to_vec();
        for child in children {
            self.mark_subtree_needs_paint(child);
        }
    }

    pub fn mark_needs_layout(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.dirty.needs_layout = true;
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
        }
    }

    /// Mark a widget as needing its `build()` re-run.
    /// Also marks for layout and paint since rebuilt children need both.
    pub fn mark_needs_rebuild(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.dirty.needs_rebuild = true;
            node.dirty.needs_layout = true;
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
        }
    }

    /// Collect widgets that need their `build()` re-run (data-driven rebuild).
    /// Only returns active widgets with `needs_rebuild == true`.
    ///
    /// Allocating wrapper around [`Self::needs_rebuild_iter`]. Prefer
    /// the iterator on hot paths.
    pub fn collect_needs_rebuild(&self) -> Vec<WidgetId> {
        self.needs_rebuild_iter().collect()
    }

    /// Stream widgets that need `build()` re-run without allocating.
    ///
    /// `needs_rebuild` is set only by `BindingLevel::Rebuild` bindings —
    /// i.e. on composing widgets that explicitly want `build()` re-run
    /// when their data model changes. It is intentionally NOT gated on
    /// the widget currently having children: a data-driven widget that
    /// builds its children directly and starts EMPTY (e.g. the toast
    /// host with no toasts yet, an empty list that renders rows without
    /// a persistent container) must still rebuild to materialise its
    /// FIRST child. `rebuild_single_widget` handles a childless widget
    /// correctly (nothing to tear down, then it adopts `build()`'s
    /// output).
    pub fn needs_rebuild_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = WidgetId> + '_ {
        self.nodes
            .iter()
            .filter(|(_, n)| n.activation == ActivationState::Active && n.dirty.needs_rebuild)
            .map(|(id, _)| id)
    }

    /// Check all widgets with visible_state bindings and return
    /// (id, is_currently_active, should_be_visible) tuples.
    ///
    /// Allocating wrapper around [`Self::visibility_checks_iter`].
    pub fn visibility_checks(&self) -> Vec<(WidgetId, bool, bool)> {
        self.visibility_checks_iter().collect()
    }

    /// Stream widgets with `visible_state` bindings without
    /// allocating. Each entry is `(id, is_currently_active,
    /// should_be_visible)`.
    pub fn visibility_checks_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (WidgetId, bool, bool)> + '_ {
        self.nodes.iter().filter_map(|(id, node)| {
            node.visible_state.as_ref().map(|state| {
                let is_active = node.activation == ActivationState::Active;
                let should_be_visible = state.get();
                (id, is_active, should_be_visible)
            })
        })
    }

    /// Check if a widget is effectively enabled, walking up the parent chain.
    ///
    /// Returns `false` if the widget itself or any ancestor has `enabled_state`
    /// bound to `false`. This lets containers like `GroupBox` disable a whole
    /// subtree by binding a single signal on their content wrapper.
    pub fn is_enabled(&self, id: WidgetId) -> bool {
        let mut current = Some(id);
        while let Some(node_id) = current {
            if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get(node_id) {
                if let Some(ref state) = node.enabled_state
                    && !state.get()
                {
                    return false;
                }
                current = node.parent;
            } else {
                return true;
            }
        }
        true
    }

    /// Set a per-child alignment override on a widget.
    pub fn set_alignment_override(&mut self, id: WidgetId, alignment: teksilo_tokens::Alignment) {
        if let Some(node) = self.get_mut(id) {
            node.alignment_override = Some(alignment);
        }
    }

    /// Mark a widget as clipping its children (scroll area, overflow hidden).
    pub fn set_clips_children(&mut self, id: WidgetId, clips: bool) {
        if let Some(node) = self.get_mut(id) {
            node.clips_children = clips;
        }
    }

    /// The OS-IME descriptor for the widget at `id`, or `None` if the node
    /// is not a text-input surface (the default) or the id is unknown. The
    /// platform IME layer queries this for the focused widget to decide
    /// whether to enable the OS input method and with which purpose.
    pub fn ime_context(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<crate::ime::ImeContext> {
        self.get(id).and_then(|n| n.ime)
    }

    /// Set (or clear, with `None`) the OS-IME descriptor for the widget at
    /// `id`.
    pub fn set_ime_context(&mut self, id: WidgetId, ime: Option<crate::ime::ImeContext>) {
        if let Some(node) = self.get_mut(id) {
            node.ime = ime;
        }
    }

    /// Apply a `HandlerSet` to an existing node, merging handlers and
    /// transferring node-level metadata (focusable, cursor, clips,
    /// context menu). The `scope` argument controls whether the
    /// handlers go into the rebuild-cleared `handlers` slot or the
    /// persistent `external_handlers` slot.
    pub(crate) fn apply_handler_set(
        &mut self,
        id: WidgetId,
        handler_set: crate::widget_builder::HandlerSet,
        scope: HandlerScope,
    ) {
        if let Some(node) = self.get_mut(id) {
            let target = match scope {
                HandlerScope::Own => &mut node.handlers,
                HandlerScope::External => &mut node.external_handlers,
            };
            let existing = std::mem::take(target);
            *target = existing.merge(handler_set.handlers);
            if let Some(focusable) = handler_set.focusable {
                node.node_focusable = Some(focusable);
            }
            if let Some(tab_index) = handler_set.tab_index {
                node.node_tab_index = Some(tab_index);
            }
            if let Some(cursor) = handler_set.cursor {
                node.node_cursor = Some(cursor);
            }
            if let Some(clips) = handler_set.clips_children {
                node.clips_children = clips;
            }
            if let Some(ime) = handler_set.ime {
                node.ime = Some(ime);
            }
            if let Some(pass_through) = handler_set.event_pass_through {
                node.event_pass_through = pass_through;
            }
            if let Some(dead_zone) = handler_set.gesture_dead_zone {
                node.gesture_dead_zone = dead_zone;
            }
            if let Some(keyboard_capture) = handler_set.keyboard_capture {
                node.keyboard_capture = keyboard_capture;
            }
            if let Some(hit_transparent) = handler_set.hit_transparent {
                node.hit_transparent = hit_transparent;
            }
            if handler_set.context_menu_factory.is_some() {
                node.context_menu_factory = handler_set.context_menu_factory;
            }
            if let Some(sig) = handler_set.focus_within {
                node.focus_within_signal = Some(sig);
            }
            if let Some(sig) = handler_set.hover_within {
                node.hover_within_signal = Some(sig);
            }
            // Mirror builder-level accessibility overrides + subtree mode
            // onto the persistent WidgetNode so the accessibility tree
            // walker (and the event dispatcher, for action callbacks) can
            // read them after handler extraction.
            if handler_set.access.is_some() {
                node.access_overrides = handler_set.access;
            }
            if let Some(mode) = handler_set.access_subtree {
                node.access_subtree = mode;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Get a widget's alignment override, if any.
    pub fn alignment_override(&self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<teksilo_tokens::Alignment> {
        self.get(id)?.alignment_override
    }

    /// Temporarily take the widget box out of a node (for rebuild).
    /// The node remains in the arena with a placeholder.
    pub fn take_widget(&mut self, id: WidgetId) -> Option<Box<dyn Widget>> {
        let node = self.nodes.get_mut(id)?;
        // Replace with a minimal placeholder
        let taken = std::mem::replace(&mut node.widget, Box::new(PlaceholderWidget));
        Some(taken)
    }

    /// Restore a widget box that was previously taken out.
    pub fn restore_widget(&mut self, id: WidgetId, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {
        if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get_mut(id) {
            node.widget = widget;
        }
    }

    /// Walk up the parent chain from `id` and mark each ancestor as needing layout.
    /// Called when a relayout-level binding changes, since a child's size change
    /// may affect its parent's size, and so on up to the root.
    pub fn mark_ancestors_need_layout(&mut self, id: WidgetId) {
        let mut current = self.parent(id);
        while let Some(pid) = current {
            if let Some(node) = self.get_mut(pid) {
                node.dirty.needs_layout = true;
                node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
            }
            current = self.parent(pid);
        }
    }

    /// Mark all widgets as needing layout and paint (e.g. after a theme change).
    /// Also clears per-widget paint caches since the visual output is stale.
    pub fn mark_all_dirty(&mut self) {
        for (_, node) in self.nodes.iter_mut() {
            node.dirty.needs_layout = true;
            node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
            node.cached_paint = None;
            node.cached_post_paint = None;
        }
    }

    /// Mark every active node for repaint **without** touching layout, rebuild,
    /// or the per-widget paint caches. Used for a global visual change that
    /// leaves geometry untouched — the window's active-state flip (caret
    /// hiding, selection desaturation, `DimWhenInactive`). Lighter than
    /// [`Self::mark_all_dirty`]: the paint walker re-runs `paint()` for any
    /// node whose `needs_paint` is set and overwrites its cache, so there is no
    /// need to clear `cached_paint`; and skipping `needs_layout` avoids a
    /// pointless relayout pass. Dormant nodes are skipped — they don't paint,
    /// and they're re-marked on reactivation.
    pub fn mark_all_needs_paint_only(&mut self) {
        for (_, node) in self.nodes.iter_mut() {
            if node.activation == ActivationState::Active {
                node.dirty.needs_paint = true;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Resolve the effective theme for a widget by walking ancestors and
    /// applying any theme overrides encountered along the way.
    /// The base theme is the tree-level default.
    pub fn resolve_theme<'a>(
        &self,
        id: WidgetId,
        base: &'a crate::styles::Theme,
    ) -> std::borrow::Cow<'a, crate::styles::Theme> {
        // Fast path: if no widget has a theme override, borrow the base
        // theme — no clone. This is the per-widget hot path during layout
        // and paint, so avoiding `Theme::clone()` (which clones the
        // typography token strings and bumps ~34 style-slot `Rc`s) here
        // saves that work on every node, every pass, in the common case.
        if self.theme_override_count == 0 {
            return std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(base);
        }

        // Collect ancestor chain from root to widget
        let mut chain = vec![id];
        let mut current = self.parent(id);
        while let Some(pid) = current {
            chain.push(pid);
            current = self.parent(pid);
        }
        chain.reverse(); // root first

        let mut theme = base.clone();
        for nid in chain {
            if let Some(node) = self.nodes.get(nid)
                && let Some(ovr) = &node.theme_override
            {
                (ovr.func)(&mut theme);
            }
        }
        std::borrow::Cow::Owned(theme)
    }
}

impl Default for WidgetArena {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::test_widgets::FillWidget;
    use teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal;

    fn key(w: Option<f32>, h: Option<f32>) -> ProposalKey {
        ProposalKey::from_proposal(SizeProposal {
            width: w,
            height: h,
        })
    }

    #[test]
    fn activate_skips_a_child_gated_off_by_visible_state() {
        // Reactivating a subtree must not wake a child that its own widget
        // has gated off via `visible_when(false)` — e.g. a ComboBox's closed
        // dropdown panel, or a collapsed overlay. Regression for ghost
        // dropdown rows after a `visible_when` collapse→reappear cycle.
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let parent = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let visible_child = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let gated_child = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        // The gated child is hidden by its own visibility gate.
        if let Some(node) = arena.get_mut(gated_child) {
            node.visible_state = Some(Prop::Static(false));
        }

        arena.set_dormant(parent);
        assert!(!arena.is_active(gated_child));

        arena.activate(parent);
        assert!(arena.is_active(parent), "the targeted node activates");
        assert!(
            arena.is_active(visible_child),
            "an ungated child activates with its parent"
        );
        assert!(
            !arena.is_active(gated_child),
            "a visible_when(false) child stays dormant when its parent reactivates"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn activate_skips_a_child_parked_directly_by_set_dormant() {
        // The ungated twin of the test above, and the one that was missing.
        //
        // Widgets that pre-build hidden content register it as a child with
        // `ctx.add(..)` + `ctx.set_dormant(..)` and show it through an overlay:
        // `SplitButton` and `MenuBar` menus, `Popover`, `Snackbar`, the date
        // editors' calendars. Such a child carries no `visible_state`, so the
        // gate check alone let an ancestor's dormancy cycle wake it — and it
        // then rendered inline, with no overlay behind it, because the overlay
        // presentation never ran. Seen as export menu-item labels floating
        // under the title bar after leaving a mode that parked the shell.
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let parent = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let visible_child = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let menu = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let menu_row = arena.insert_child(menu, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));

        // The widget parks its own closed menu — no gate involved.
        arena.set_dormant(menu);
        assert!(!arena.is_active(menu));

        // An ancestor now goes dormant and comes back.
        arena.set_dormant(parent);
        arena.activate(parent);

        assert!(arena.is_active(parent), "the targeted node activates");
        assert!(
            arena.is_active(visible_child),
            "an ordinary child activates with its parent"
        );
        assert!(
            !arena.is_active(menu),
            "the ancestor's dormancy cycle woke a menu that was closed before it \
             started — its content is now on screen with no overlay behind it"
        );
        assert!(
            !arena.is_active(menu_row),
            "the closed menu's own subtree woke with it"
        );

        // …and opening it still works: activating by id is how the overlay
        // shows this content, so it must clear the self-parked mark.
        arena.activate(menu);
        assert!(arena.is_active(menu), "the menu can still be opened");
        assert!(arena.is_active(menu_row), "…along with its rows");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_reopened_menu_parks_again_and_survives_the_next_cycle() {
        // The flag must be re-armed by every `set_dormant`, not just the first:
        // open the menu, close it, then put an ancestor through another
        // dormancy cycle. Without re-arming, the second cycle leaks.
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let parent = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let menu = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));

        arena.set_dormant(menu);
        arena.activate(menu); // opened
        arena.set_dormant(menu); // dismissed

        arena.set_dormant(parent);
        arena.activate(parent);
        assert!(
            !arena.is_active(menu),
            "a menu that was opened once no longer stays closed across a \
             dormancy cycle"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn an_ancestor_cycle_does_not_strand_an_open_menu() {
        // The mirror risk of the fix: `park` marks only the node it is given,
        // so a menu that is *open* when an ancestor parks must come back with
        // that ancestor rather than being stranded closed.
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let parent = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let menu = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));

        arena.set_dormant(menu);
        arena.activate(menu); // open when the ancestor parks

        arena.set_dormant(parent);
        arena.activate(parent);
        assert!(
            arena.is_active(menu),
            "an open menu was stranded closed by its ancestor's dormancy cycle"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn proposal_key_distinguishes_none_from_zero() {
        // `None` (ask for ideal) must not collide with `Some(0.0)` (give zero).
        assert_ne!(key(None, None), key(Some(0.0), None));
        assert_ne!(key(Some(0.0), None), key(None, Some(0.0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn proposal_key_canonicalizes_signed_zero_and_nan() {
        assert_eq!(key(Some(-0.0), None), key(Some(0.0), None));
        assert_eq!(key(Some(f32::NAN), None), key(Some(f32::NAN), None));
    }

    #[test]
    fn proposal_key_separates_distinct_values_and_axes() {
        assert_ne!(key(Some(1.0), None), key(Some(2.0), None));
        // Same scalar on different axes must not collide.
        assert_ne!(key(Some(10.0), None), key(None, Some(10.0)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_and_retrieve() {
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let id = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        assert!(arena.get(id).is_some());
        assert_eq!(arena.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_widget_is_dirty() {
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let id = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let node = arena.get(id).unwrap();
        assert!(node.dirty.needs_layout);
        assert!(node.dirty.needs_paint);
    }

    #[test]
    fn roots_returns_parentless_widgets() {
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let root = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let _child = arena.insert_child(root, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let roots = arena.roots();
        assert_eq!(roots.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(roots[0], root);
    }

    #[test]
    fn content_transform_node_claims_viewport_in_parent_space() {
        // A content-transform node (the SceneView pattern) is a fixed
        // viewport: its bounds are tested in PARENT space and the transform
        // only positions its content, so the whole visible viewport stays
        // hittable regardless of the content pan/zoom. Before the fix, the
        // bounds were tested in content space, so a content pan shifted the
        // hittable region off the viewport.
        use teksilo_canvas::{Point, Rect, Transform2D};
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let id = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        {
            let node = arena.get_mut(id).unwrap();
            node.bounds = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 100.0);
            node.clips_children = true;
            node.content_transform = true;
            // Content panned by (50, 30).
            node.transform_prop = Some(Prop::Static(Transform2D::translate(50.0, 30.0)));
        }
        // Points across the whole parent-space viewport hit, regardless of the
        // pan (these all missed before the fix).
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(10.0, 10.0), None), Some(id));
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(100.0, 50.0), None), Some(id));
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(199.0, 99.0), None), Some(id));
        // Outside the viewport: miss.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(250.0, 50.0), None), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn self_transform_node_tests_bounds_in_local_space() {
        // Regression guard: a *self* transform wrapper (Scale / Rotate, NOT a
        // content transform) keeps the original semantics — its own bounds
        // move with the transform, so the point is inverse-transformed before
        // the bounds test. `clips_children` is irrelevant here (Scale clips
        // too); only `content_transform` selects the viewport path.
        use teksilo_canvas::{Point, Rect, Transform2D};
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let id = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        {
            let node = arena.get_mut(id).unwrap();
            node.bounds = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0);
            node.clips_children = true; // Scale clips, but is NOT content_transform.
            node.content_transform = false;
            // Visually scaled to 50x50 around the origin.
            node.transform_prop = Some(Prop::Static(Transform2D::scale(0.5, 0.5)));
        }
        // Inside the scaled-down 50x50 visual → hit.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(25.0, 25.0), None), Some(id));
        // Past the scaled-down visual (but inside the un-scaled 100x100 bounds
        // in parent space) → miss, because the bounds test is in local space.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(75.0, 75.0), None), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn nested_content_transform_nodes_each_claim_their_viewport() {
        // A content-transform node embedded inside another (the nested-
        // SceneView case): each level tests its own viewport bounds in its
        // parent's space, and only the transform is applied when descending.
        // The inner viewport stays hittable regardless of either node's pan.
        use teksilo_canvas::{Point, Rect, Transform2D};
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let outer = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let inner = arena.insert_child(outer, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        {
            let n = arena.get_mut(outer).unwrap();
            n.bounds = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0);
            n.clips_children = true;
            n.content_transform = true;
            n.transform_prop = Some(Prop::Static(Transform2D::translate(20.0, 20.0)));
        }
        {
            let n = arena.get_mut(inner).unwrap();
            // Inner viewport expressed in the OUTER's content space.
            n.bounds = Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 50.0, 50.0);
            n.clips_children = true;
            n.content_transform = true;
            n.transform_prop = Some(Prop::Static(Transform2D::translate(5.0, 5.0)));
        }
        // Screen (40,40) → outer-content (20,20) ∈ inner viewport → reaches inner.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(40.0, 40.0), None), Some(inner));
        // Screen (5,5) → outer-content (-15,-15) ∉ inner viewport → reaches outer.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(5.0, 5.0), None), Some(outer));
    }

    /// Accepts only the right half of its bounds via `hit_shape`; the left
    /// half is rejected so a click there falls through to a sibling beneath.
    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct RightHalfWidget;

    impl crate::widget::Widget for RightHalfWidget {
        fn layout_response(
            &self,
            proposal: teksilo_canvas::SizeProposal,
            _ctx: &crate::widget::LayoutContext,
        ) -> crate::widget::LayoutResponse {
            proposal.resolve(0.0, 0.0).into()
        }

        fn hit_shape(
            &self,
            local_point: teksilo_canvas::Point,
            bounds: teksilo_canvas::Rect,
        ) -> bool {
            local_point.x >= bounds.x + bounds.width / 2.0
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn hit_shape_rejection_falls_through_to_sibling_underneath() {
        // Two overlapping siblings under a common parent. `lower` is a
        // full-rect FillWidget; `upper` (inserted later → painted on top,
        // hit-tested first) rejects its left half via `hit_shape`. A click in
        // the rejected left half must reach `lower` underneath; a click in the
        // accepted right half must hit `upper`.
        use teksilo_canvas::{Point, Rect};
        let mut arena = WidgetArena::new();
        let parent = arena.insert(Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let lower = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(FillWidget::new()));
        let upper = arena.insert_child(parent, Box::new(RightHalfWidget));
        for id in [parent, lower, upper] {
            arena.get_mut(id).unwrap().bounds = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0);
        }
        // Right half: upper accepts → hit upper.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(75.0, 50.0), None), Some(upper));
        // Left half: upper rejects via hit_shape → falls through to lower.
        assert_eq!(arena.hit_test_at(Point::new(25.0, 50.0), None), Some(lower));
    }
}