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substrate_data/wire/io/
framing.rs

1//! Frames written and read with their length in front.
2
3use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
4
5use crate::Schema;
6
7/// How a frame's length is written.
8pub type Len = u32;
9/// The longest frame read: anything longer is a broken or hostile peer.
10pub const MAX_FRAME: usize = 256 << 20;
11
12/// Writes `message` as one frame, and flushes.
13///
14/// # Errors
15///
16/// The writer's I/O error.
17pub fn write_frame<T: Schema>(w: &mut impl Write, message: &T) -> io::Result<()> {
18    write_frame_bytes(w, &crate::to_bytes(message))
19}
20
21/// Writes `bytes` (a message's binary form) as one frame, and flushes.
22///
23/// # Errors
24///
25/// The writer's I/O error; [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput`] for a frame over [`MAX_FRAME`].
26pub fn write_frame_bytes(w: &mut impl Write, bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
27    let len = frame_len(bytes.len())?;
28    // One write: a reader never sees a length without its body behind it.
29    let mut frame = Vec::with_capacity(size_of::<Len>() + bytes.len());
30    frame.extend_from_slice(&len.to_le_bytes());
31    frame.extend_from_slice(bytes);
32    w.write_all(&frame)?;
33    w.flush()
34}
35
36/// The next frame's bytes; `None` where the stream ends between frames.
37///
38/// # Errors
39///
40/// The reader's I/O error; [`io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof`] when the stream
41/// ends inside a length or a frame; [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidData`] for a
42/// length over [`MAX_FRAME`].
43pub fn read_frame_bytes(r: &mut impl Read) -> io::Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
44    let Some(len) = read_len(r)? else {
45        return Ok(None);
46    };
47    let len = len as usize;
48    if len > MAX_FRAME {
49        return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "frame too long"));
50    }
51    let mut bytes = vec![0; len];
52    r.read_exact(&mut bytes)?;
53    Ok(Some(bytes))
54}
55
56/// The next message; `None` where the stream ends between frames.
57///
58/// # Errors
59///
60/// The reader's I/O error, or [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidData`] for a frame that isn't a `T`.
61pub fn read_frame<T: Schema>(r: &mut impl Read) -> io::Result<Option<T>> {
62    let Some(bytes) = read_frame_bytes(r)? else {
63        return Ok(None);
64    };
65    decode_frame(&bytes).map(Some)
66}
67
68/// A frame body's length as written; [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput`] over [`MAX_FRAME`].
69pub(super) fn frame_len(len: usize) -> io::Result<Len> {
70    Len::try_from(len)
71        .ok()
72        .filter(|_| len <= MAX_FRAME)
73        .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "frame too long"))
74}
75
76/// A frame body read as a `T`; [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidData`] when it isn't one.
77pub(super) fn decode_frame<T: Schema>(bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<T> {
78    crate::read_bytes(bytes)
79        .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, crate::Errors(e)))
80}
81
82/// A frame's length; `None` only when the stream ends before its first byte
83/// (between frames), an error when it ends inside the length.
84pub(super) fn read_len(r: &mut impl Read) -> io::Result<Option<Len>> {
85    let mut len = [0; size_of::<Len>()];
86    loop {
87        match r.read(&mut len[..1]) {
88            Ok(0) => return Ok(None),
89            Ok(_) => break,
90            Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {}
91            Err(e) => return Err(e),
92        }
93    }
94    r.read_exact(&mut len[1..])?;
95    Ok(Some(Len::from_le_bytes(len)))
96}