use std::{
    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
    fmt::Display,
    sync::mpsc,
};
use base64::{Engine, prelude::BASE64_STANDARD};

use crate::Word;

fn intersect(a: HashSet<char>, b: HashSet<char>) -> HashSet<char> {
    let mut result = HashSet::new();

    for i in a {
        if b.contains(&i) {
            result.insert(i);
        }
    }

    result
}

/// Remove certain words from the candidates that are not possible
pub fn prune(cipher_words: &mut [Word]) {
    // Initialize with all possible letters
    let mut pruner: HashMap<char, HashSet<char>> = HashMap::new();
    for i in 'a'..='z' {
        for j in 'a'..='z' {
            pruner.entry(i).or_default().insert(j);
        }
    }

    // Remove letters that are not possible
    for word in cipher_words.iter() {
        for j in word.word.chars() {
            pruner.entry(j).and_modify(|e| {
                *e = intersect(e.clone(), word.letter_map.get(&j).unwrap().clone())
            });
        }
    }

    // Remove candidates that are not possible
    for word in cipher_words.iter_mut() {
        for j in 0..word.word.len() {
            word.candidates.retain(|k| {
                pruner
                    .get(&word.word.chars().nth(j).unwrap())
                    .unwrap()
                    .contains(&k.chars().nth(j).unwrap())
            });
        }
    }
}

pub fn order_by_possible_words(cipher_words: &mut [Word]) {
    cipher_words.sort_by(|a, b| {
        let a = a.word.len();
        let b = b.word.len();

        b.cmp(&a)
    });
}

fn is_consistent(map: &HashMap<char, char>) -> bool {
    let mut counter: HashMap<char, char> = HashMap::new();

    for (&first, &second) in map.iter() {
        counter.insert(second, first);
    }

    map.len() == counter.len()
}

fn apply_map(cipher: &str, plain: &str, map: &HashMap<char, char>) -> String {
    let mut result = String::new();

    for (i, c) in cipher.chars().enumerate() {
        let c = *map.get(&c).unwrap_or(&plain.chars().nth(i).unwrap());
        result.push(c);
    }

    result
}
fn update_map(cipher: &str, plain: &str, map: &HashMap<char, char>) -> HashMap<char, char> {
    let mut map = map.to_owned();

    for (i, c) in cipher.chars().enumerate() {
        map.entry(c)
            .or_insert_with(|| plain.chars().nth(i).unwrap());
    }

    map
}

pub struct Solver {
    pub cipher_words: Vec<Word>,
}
impl Solver {
    pub fn new(cipher_words: &Vec<Word>) -> Self {
        Solver {
            cipher_words: cipher_words.to_owned(),
        }
    }

    pub fn solve(
        &mut self,
        mut starting_key: HashMap<char, char>,
        tx: Option<&mpsc::Sender<Solution>>,
    ) {
        self.solve_recursive(0, &mut starting_key, tx);
    }

    fn solve_recursive(
        &mut self,
        depth: usize,
        map: &mut HashMap<char, char>,
        tx: Option<&mpsc::Sender<Solution>>,
    ) {
        if is_consistent(map) {
            if depth >= self.cipher_words.len() {
                // Solution found
                let solution = Solution::new(map.to_owned());
                if let Some(tx) = tx {
                    tx.send(solution).unwrap();
                }
            } else {
                // Explore all candidates
                for i in self.cipher_words[depth].candidates.to_owned().iter() {
                    if &apply_map(&self.cipher_words[depth].word, i, map) == i {
                        self.solve_recursive(
                            depth + 1,
                            &mut update_map(&self.cipher_words[depth].word, i, map),
                            tx,
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

pub struct Solution {
    pub key: HashMap<char, char>,
}
impl Solution {
    pub fn new(key: HashMap<char, char>) -> Self {
        Solution { key }
    }

    /// Fill unknowns in the key with unused letters
    pub fn fill_key(&mut self) {
        let mut unused: Vec<char> = ('a'..='z').rev().collect();
        // Filter used letters
        for value in self.key.values() {
            unused.retain(|x| x != value);
        }

        // Fill unknown letters with unused letters
        for c in 'a'..='z' {
            self.key.entry(c).or_insert_with(|| unused.pop().unwrap());
        }
    }

    pub fn apply(&self, ciphertext: &str) -> String {
        let mut result = String::new();

        for c in ciphertext.chars() {
            // Show unknown letters as '?', but keep punctuation
            result.push(*self.key.get(&c).unwrap_or_else(|| {
                if c.is_alphabetic() {
                    &'?'
                } else {
                    &c
                }
            }));
        }

        result
    }

    pub fn format_hyperlink(&self, ciphertext: &str) -> String {
        let ciphertext = BASE64_STANDARD.encode(ciphertext);
        let url = format!("https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=Substitute('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','{self}',true)&input={ciphertext}");
        format!("\x1b]8;;{url}\x1b\\{self}\x1b]8;;\x1b\\")
    }
}
impl Display for Solution {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        ('a'..='z')
            .map(|c| *self.key.get(&c).unwrap_or(&'?'))
            .collect::<String>()
            .fmt(f)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::{input::input_to_words, load_wordlist};

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn can_solve() {
        let ciphertext = "x cbt tloap";
        let wordlist = [
            "many", "words", "here", "to", "test", "the", "solver", "also", "few", "a", "ok",
            "now", "all", "words", "should", "be", "good",
        ]
        .join("\n");
        let dictionary = load_wordlist(&wordlist);

        let cipher_words = input_to_words(ciphertext, &dictionary).unwrap();
        let mut solver = Solver::new(&cipher_words);

        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
        solver.solve(HashMap::new(), Some(&tx));

        let solution = rx.recv().unwrap();
        let plaintext = solution.apply(ciphertext);
        assert_eq!(plaintext, "a few words");
    }
}