[−][src]Module stm32f1xx_hal::gpio
General Purpose I/Os
The GPIO pins are organised into groups of 16 pins which can be accessed through the
gpioa
, gpiob
... modules. To get access to the pins, you first need to convert them into a
HAL designed struct from the pac
struct using the split function.
// Acquire the GPIOC peripheral // NOTE: `dp` is the device peripherals from the `PAC` crate let mut gpioa = dp.GPIOA.split(&mut rcc.apb2);
See the documentation for rcc::APB2 for details about the input parameter to
split
.
This gives you a struct containing two control registers crl
and crh
, and all the pins
px0..px15
. These structs are what you use to interract with the pins to change their modes,
or their inputs or outputs. For example, to set pa5
high, you would call
let output = gpioa.pa5.into_push_pull_output(&mut gpioa.crl); output.set_high();
Each GPIO pin can be set to various modes:
- Alternate: Pin mode required when the pin is driven by other peripherals
- Dynamic: Pin mode is selected at runtime. See changing configurations for more details
- Input
- PullUp: Input connected to high with a weak pull up resistor. Will be high when nothing is connected
- PullDown: Input connected to high with a weak pull up resistor. Will be low when nothing is connected
- Floating: Input not pulled to high or low. Will be undefined when nothing is connected
- Output
- PushPull: Output which either drives the pin high or low
- OpenDrain: Output which leaves the gate floating, or pulls it do ground in drain
mode. Can be used as an input in the
open
configuration
- Debugger: Some pins start out being used by the debugger. A pin in this mode can only be used if the JTAG peripheral has been turned off.
Changing modes
The simplest way to change the pin mode is to use the into_<mode>
functions. These return a
new struct with the correct mode that you can use the input or output functions on.
If you need a more temporary mode change, and can not use the into_<mode>
functions for
ownership reasons, you can use the as_<mode>
functions to temporarily change the pin type, do
some output or input, and then have it change back once done.
Dynamic Mode Change
The above mode change methods guarantee that you can only call input functions when the pin is in input mode, and output when in output modes, but can lead to some issues. Therefore, there is also a mode where the state is kept track of at runtime, allowing you to change the mode often, and without problems with ownership, or references, at the cost of some performance and the risk of runtime errors.
To make a pin dynamic, use the into_dynamic
function, and then use the make_<mode>
functions to
change the mode
Accessing PA15, PB3, and PB14
These pins are used by the JTAG peripheral by default. To use them in your program, you need to disable that peripheral. This is done using the afio::MAPR::disable_jtag function
Interfacing with v1 traits
embedded-hal
has two versions of the digital traits, v2
which is used by this crate and
v1
which is deprecated but still used by a lot of drivers. If you want to use such a driver
with this crate, you need to convert the digital pins to the v1
type.
This is done using embedded-hal::digital::v1_compat::OldOutputPin
. For example:
let nss = gpioa.pa4.into_push_pull_output(&mut gpioa.crl); let mut mfrc522 = Mfrc522::new(spi, OldOutputPin::from(nss)).unwrap();
Modules
gpioa | GPIO |
gpiob | GPIO |
gpioc | GPIO |
gpiod | GPIO |
gpioe | GPIO |
Structs
Alternate | Alternate function |
Analog | Analog mode (type state) |
Debugger | Used by the debugger (type state) |
Floating | Floating input (type state) |
Input | Input mode (type state) |
OpenDrain | Open drain output (type state) |
Output | Output mode (type state) |
PullDown | Pulled down input (type state) |
PullUp | Pulled up input (type state) |
PushPull | Push pull output (type state) |
Enums
Dynamic | Tracks the current pin state for dynamic pins |
Edge | |
IOPinSpeed | Slew rates available for Output and relevant AlternateMode Pins |
PinModeError | |
Pxx | |
State |
Traits
Active | Marker trait for active states. |
ExtiPin | External Interrupt Pin |
GpioExt | Extension trait to split a GPIO peripheral in independent pins and registers |
Mode | Marker trait for pin mode detection. |
OutputSpeed | Allow setting of the slew rate of an IO pin |
PinMode | NOTE: This trait should ideally be private but must be pub in order to avoid complaints from the compiler. |