1use crate::ast::*;
2use crate::dialects::Dialect;
3
4pub struct Generator {
10 output: String,
11 pretty: bool,
13 indent: usize,
14 dialect: Option<Dialect>,
16}
17
18impl Generator {
19 #[must_use]
20 pub fn new() -> Self {
21 Self {
22 output: String::new(),
23 pretty: false,
24 indent: 0,
25 dialect: None,
26 }
27 }
28
29 #[must_use]
31 pub fn pretty() -> Self {
32 Self {
33 output: String::new(),
34 pretty: true,
35 indent: 0,
36 dialect: None,
37 }
38 }
39
40 #[must_use]
42 pub fn with_dialect(dialect: Dialect) -> Self {
43 Self {
44 output: String::new(),
45 pretty: false,
46 indent: 0,
47 dialect: Some(dialect),
48 }
49 }
50
51 #[must_use]
53 pub fn generate(&mut self, statement: &Statement) -> String {
54 self.output.clear();
55 self.gen_statement(statement);
56 self.output.clone()
57 }
58
59 #[must_use]
61 pub fn expr_to_sql(expr: &Expr) -> String {
62 let mut g = Self::new();
63 g.gen_expr(expr);
64 g.output
65 }
66
67 fn write(&mut self, s: &str) {
68 self.output.push_str(s);
69 }
70
71 fn newline(&mut self) {
73 if self.pretty {
74 self.output.push('\n');
75 for _ in 0..self.indent {
76 self.output.push_str(" ");
77 }
78 }
79 }
80
81 fn sep(&mut self) {
83 if self.pretty {
84 self.newline();
85 } else {
86 self.output.push(' ');
87 }
88 }
89
90 fn indent_up(&mut self) {
91 self.indent += 1;
92 }
93
94 fn indent_down(&mut self) {
95 self.indent = self.indent.saturating_sub(1);
96 }
97
98 fn write_keyword(&mut self, s: &str) {
99 self.write(s);
100 }
101
102 fn write_quoted(&mut self, name: &str, style: QuoteStyle) {
106 let effective_style = if style.is_quoted() {
107 if let Some(dialect) = self.dialect {
108 QuoteStyle::for_dialect(dialect)
109 } else {
110 style
111 }
112 } else {
113 style
114 };
115 match effective_style {
116 QuoteStyle::None => self.write(name),
117 QuoteStyle::DoubleQuote => {
118 self.write("\"");
119 self.write(&name.replace('"', "\"\""));
120 self.write("\"");
121 }
122 QuoteStyle::Backtick => {
123 self.write("`");
124 self.write(&name.replace('`', "``"));
125 self.write("`");
126 }
127 QuoteStyle::Bracket => {
128 self.write("[");
129 self.write(&name.replace(']', "]]"));
130 self.write("]");
131 }
132 }
133 }
134
135 fn gen_comments(&mut self, comments: &[String]) {
143 for comment in comments {
144 let normalized = self.normalize_comment(comment);
145 self.write(&normalized);
146 self.newline_or_space();
147 }
148 }
149
150 fn normalize_comment(&self, comment: &str) -> String {
153 if comment.starts_with('#') {
154 let is_mysql_target = matches!(
155 self.dialect,
156 Some(Dialect::Mysql | Dialect::Doris | Dialect::SingleStore | Dialect::StarRocks)
157 );
158 if !is_mysql_target {
159 return format!("--{}", &comment[1..]);
160 }
161 }
162 comment.to_string()
163 }
164
165 fn newline_or_space(&mut self) {
167 if self.pretty {
168 self.output.push('\n');
169 for _ in 0..self.indent {
170 self.output.push_str(" ");
171 }
172 } else {
173 self.output.push('\n');
174 }
175 }
176
177 fn gen_statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) {
178 match statement {
180 Statement::Select(s) => {
181 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
182 self.gen_select(s);
183 }
184 Statement::Insert(s) => {
185 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
186 self.gen_insert(s);
187 }
188 Statement::Update(s) => {
189 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
190 self.gen_update(s);
191 }
192 Statement::Delete(s) => {
193 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
194 self.gen_delete(s);
195 }
196 Statement::CreateTable(s) => {
197 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
198 self.gen_create_table(s);
199 }
200 Statement::DropTable(s) => {
201 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
202 self.gen_drop_table(s);
203 }
204 Statement::SetOperation(s) => {
205 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
206 self.gen_set_operation(s);
207 }
208 Statement::AlterTable(s) => {
209 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
210 self.gen_alter_table(s);
211 }
212 Statement::CreateView(s) => {
213 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
214 self.gen_create_view(s);
215 }
216 Statement::DropView(s) => {
217 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
218 self.gen_drop_view(s);
219 }
220 Statement::Truncate(s) => {
221 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
222 self.gen_truncate(s);
223 }
224 Statement::Transaction(s) => self.gen_transaction(s),
225 Statement::Explain(s) => {
226 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
227 self.gen_explain(s);
228 }
229 Statement::Use(s) => {
230 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
231 self.gen_use(s);
232 }
233 Statement::Merge(s) => {
234 self.gen_comments(&s.comments);
235 self.gen_merge(s);
236 }
237 Statement::Expression(e) => self.gen_expr(e),
238 }
239 }
240
241 fn gen_select(&mut self, sel: &SelectStatement) {
244 if !sel.ctes.is_empty() {
246 self.gen_ctes(&sel.ctes);
247 self.sep();
248 }
249
250 self.write_keyword("SELECT");
251 if sel.distinct {
252 self.write(" ");
253 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT");
254 }
255 if let Some(top) = &sel.top {
256 self.write(" ");
257 self.write_keyword("TOP ");
258 self.gen_expr(top);
259 }
260
261 if self.pretty {
263 self.indent_up();
264 for (i, item) in sel.columns.iter().enumerate() {
265 self.newline();
266 self.gen_select_item(item);
267 if i < sel.columns.len() - 1 {
268 self.write(",");
269 }
270 }
271 self.indent_down();
272 } else {
273 self.write(" ");
274 for (i, item) in sel.columns.iter().enumerate() {
275 if i > 0 {
276 self.write(", ");
277 }
278 self.gen_select_item(item);
279 }
280 }
281
282 if let Some(from) = &sel.from {
283 self.sep();
284 self.write_keyword("FROM");
285 if self.pretty {
286 self.indent_up();
287 self.newline();
288 self.gen_table_source(&from.source);
289 self.indent_down();
290 } else {
291 self.write(" ");
292 self.gen_table_source(&from.source);
293 }
294 }
295
296 for join in &sel.joins {
297 self.gen_join(join);
298 }
299
300 if let Some(wh) = &sel.where_clause {
301 self.sep();
302 self.write_keyword("WHERE");
303 if self.pretty {
304 self.indent_up();
305 self.newline();
306 self.gen_expr(wh);
307 self.indent_down();
308 } else {
309 self.write(" ");
310 self.gen_expr(wh);
311 }
312 }
313
314 if !sel.group_by.is_empty() {
315 self.sep();
316 self.write_keyword("GROUP BY");
317 if self.pretty {
318 self.indent_up();
319 self.newline();
320 self.gen_expr_list(&sel.group_by);
321 self.indent_down();
322 } else {
323 self.write(" ");
324 self.gen_expr_list(&sel.group_by);
325 }
326 }
327
328 if let Some(having) = &sel.having {
329 self.sep();
330 self.write_keyword("HAVING");
331 if self.pretty {
332 self.indent_up();
333 self.newline();
334 self.gen_expr(having);
335 self.indent_down();
336 } else {
337 self.write(" ");
338 self.gen_expr(having);
339 }
340 }
341
342 if let Some(qualify) = &sel.qualify {
343 self.sep();
344 self.write_keyword("QUALIFY");
345 if self.pretty {
346 self.indent_up();
347 self.newline();
348 self.gen_expr(qualify);
349 self.indent_down();
350 } else {
351 self.write(" ");
352 self.gen_expr(qualify);
353 }
354 }
355
356 if !sel.window_definitions.is_empty() {
357 self.sep();
358 self.write_keyword("WINDOW ");
359 for (i, wd) in sel.window_definitions.iter().enumerate() {
360 if i > 0 {
361 self.write(", ");
362 }
363 self.write(&wd.name);
364 self.write(" AS (");
365 self.gen_window_spec(&wd.spec);
366 self.write(")");
367 }
368 }
369
370 self.gen_order_by(&sel.order_by);
371
372 if let Some(limit) = &sel.limit {
373 self.sep();
374 self.write_keyword("LIMIT ");
375 self.gen_expr(limit);
376 }
377
378 if let Some(offset) = &sel.offset {
379 self.sep();
380 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric)) {
381 self.write_keyword("OFFSET ");
382 self.gen_expr(offset);
383 self.write(" ");
384 self.write_keyword("ROWS");
385 } else {
386 self.write_keyword("OFFSET ");
387 self.gen_expr(offset);
388 }
389 }
390
391 if let Some(fetch) = &sel.fetch_first {
392 self.sep();
393 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric)) {
394 self.write_keyword("FETCH NEXT ");
395 self.gen_expr(fetch);
396 self.write(" ");
397 self.write_keyword("ROWS ONLY");
398 } else {
399 self.write_keyword("FETCH FIRST ");
400 self.gen_expr(fetch);
401 self.write(" ");
402 self.write_keyword("ROWS ONLY");
403 }
404 }
405 }
406
407 fn gen_ctes(&mut self, ctes: &[Cte]) {
408 self.write_keyword("WITH ");
409 if ctes.iter().any(|c| c.recursive) {
410 self.write_keyword("RECURSIVE ");
411 }
412 for (i, cte) in ctes.iter().enumerate() {
413 if i > 0 {
414 self.write(",");
415 self.sep();
416 }
417 self.write_quoted(&cte.name, cte.name_quote_style);
418 if !cte.columns.is_empty() {
419 self.write("(");
420 self.write(&cte.columns.join(", "));
421 self.write(")");
422 }
423 self.write(" ");
424 self.write_keyword("AS ");
425 if let Some(true) = cte.materialized {
426 self.write_keyword("MATERIALIZED ");
427 } else if let Some(false) = cte.materialized {
428 self.write_keyword("NOT MATERIALIZED ");
429 }
430 self.write("(");
431 if self.pretty {
432 self.indent_up();
433 self.newline();
434 self.gen_statement(&cte.query);
435 self.indent_down();
436 self.newline();
437 } else {
438 self.gen_statement(&cte.query);
439 }
440 self.write(")");
441 }
442 }
443
444 fn gen_select_item(&mut self, item: &SelectItem) {
445 match item {
446 SelectItem::Wildcard => self.write("*"),
447 SelectItem::QualifiedWildcard { table } => {
448 self.write(table);
449 self.write(".*");
450 }
451 SelectItem::Expr {
452 expr,
453 alias,
454 alias_quote_style,
455 } => {
456 self.gen_expr(expr);
457 if let Some(alias) = alias {
458 self.write(" ");
459 self.write_keyword("AS ");
460 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
461 }
462 }
463 }
464 }
465
466 fn gen_table_source(&mut self, source: &TableSource) {
467 match source {
468 TableSource::Table(table_ref) => self.gen_table_ref(table_ref),
469 TableSource::Subquery {
470 query,
471 alias,
472 alias_quote_style,
473 } => {
474 self.write("(");
475 self.gen_statement(query);
476 self.write(")");
477 if let Some(alias) = alias {
478 self.write(" ");
479 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
480 self.write_keyword("AS ");
481 }
482 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
483 }
484 }
485 TableSource::TableFunction {
486 name,
487 args,
488 alias,
489 alias_quote_style,
490 } => {
491 self.write(name);
492 self.write("(");
493 self.gen_expr_list(args);
494 self.write(")");
495 if let Some(alias) = alias {
496 self.write(" ");
497 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
498 self.write_keyword("AS ");
499 }
500 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
501 }
502 }
503 TableSource::Lateral { source } => {
504 self.write_keyword("LATERAL ");
505 self.gen_table_source(source);
506 }
507 TableSource::Unnest {
508 expr,
509 alias,
510 alias_quote_style,
511 with_offset,
512 } => {
513 self.write_keyword("UNNEST(");
514 self.gen_expr(expr);
515 self.write(")");
516 if let Some(alias) = alias {
517 self.write(" ");
518 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
519 self.write_keyword("AS ");
520 }
521 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
522 }
523 if *with_offset {
524 self.write(" ");
525 self.write_keyword("WITH OFFSET");
526 }
527 }
528 TableSource::Pivot {
529 source,
530 aggregate,
531 for_column,
532 in_values,
533 alias,
534 alias_quote_style,
535 } => {
536 self.gen_table_source(source);
537 self.write(" ");
538 self.write_keyword("PIVOT");
539 self.write(" (");
540 self.gen_expr(aggregate);
541 self.write(" ");
542 self.write_keyword("FOR ");
543 self.write(for_column);
544 self.write(" ");
545 self.write_keyword("IN ");
546 self.write("(");
547 self.gen_pivot_values(in_values);
548 self.write("))");
549 if let Some(alias) = alias {
550 self.write(" ");
551 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
552 self.write_keyword("AS ");
553 }
554 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
555 }
556 }
557 TableSource::Unpivot {
558 source,
559 value_column,
560 for_column,
561 in_columns,
562 alias,
563 alias_quote_style,
564 } => {
565 self.gen_table_source(source);
566 self.write(" ");
567 self.write_keyword("UNPIVOT");
568 self.write(" (");
569 self.write(value_column);
570 self.write(" ");
571 self.write_keyword("FOR ");
572 self.write(for_column);
573 self.write(" ");
574 self.write_keyword("IN ");
575 self.write("(");
576 self.gen_pivot_values(in_columns);
577 self.write("))");
578 if let Some(alias) = alias {
579 self.write(" ");
580 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
581 self.write_keyword("AS ");
582 }
583 self.write_quoted(alias, *alias_quote_style);
584 }
585 }
586 }
587 }
588
589 fn gen_pivot_values(&mut self, values: &[PivotValue]) {
590 for (i, pv) in values.iter().enumerate() {
591 if i > 0 {
592 self.write(", ");
593 }
594 self.gen_expr(&pv.value);
595 if let Some(alias) = &pv.alias {
596 self.write(" ");
597 self.write_keyword("AS ");
598 self.write_quoted(alias, pv.alias_quote_style);
599 }
600 }
601 }
602
603 fn omit_table_alias_as(&self) -> bool {
605 matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Oracle))
606 }
607
608 fn gen_table_ref(&mut self, table: &TableRef) {
609 if let Some(catalog) = &table.catalog {
610 self.write(catalog);
611 self.write(".");
612 }
613 if let Some(schema) = &table.schema {
614 self.write(schema);
615 self.write(".");
616 }
617 self.write_quoted(&table.name, table.name_quote_style);
618 if let Some(alias) = &table.alias {
619 self.write(" ");
620 if !self.omit_table_alias_as() {
621 self.write_keyword("AS ");
622 }
623 self.write_quoted(alias, table.alias_quote_style);
624 }
625 }
626
627 fn gen_join(&mut self, join: &JoinClause) {
628 let join_kw = match join.join_type {
629 JoinType::Inner => "INNER JOIN",
630 JoinType::Left => "LEFT JOIN",
631 JoinType::Right => "RIGHT JOIN",
632 JoinType::Full => "FULL JOIN",
633 JoinType::Cross => "CROSS JOIN",
634 JoinType::Natural => "NATURAL JOIN",
635 JoinType::Lateral => "LATERAL JOIN",
636 };
637 self.sep();
638 self.write_keyword(join_kw);
639 if self.pretty {
640 self.indent_up();
641 self.newline();
642 self.gen_table_source(&join.table);
643 } else {
644 self.write(" ");
645 self.gen_table_source(&join.table);
646 }
647 if let Some(on) = &join.on {
648 if self.pretty {
649 self.newline();
650 } else {
651 self.write(" ");
652 }
653 self.write_keyword("ON ");
654 self.gen_expr(on);
655 }
656 if !join.using.is_empty() {
657 if self.pretty {
658 self.newline();
659 } else {
660 self.write(" ");
661 }
662 self.write_keyword("USING (");
663 self.write(&join.using.join(", "));
664 self.write(")");
665 }
666 if self.pretty {
667 self.indent_down();
668 }
669 }
670
671 fn gen_order_by(&mut self, items: &[OrderByItem]) {
672 if items.is_empty() {
673 return;
674 }
675 self.sep();
676 self.write_keyword("ORDER BY");
677 if self.pretty {
678 self.indent_up();
679 self.newline();
680 } else {
681 self.write(" ");
682 }
683 for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
684 if i > 0 {
685 self.write(", ");
686 }
687 self.gen_expr(&item.expr);
688 if !item.ascending {
689 self.write(" ");
690 self.write_keyword("DESC");
691 }
692 if let Some(nulls_first) = item.nulls_first {
693 if nulls_first {
694 self.write(" ");
695 self.write_keyword("NULLS FIRST");
696 } else {
697 self.write(" ");
698 self.write_keyword("NULLS LAST");
699 }
700 }
701 }
702 if self.pretty {
703 self.indent_down();
704 }
705 }
706
707 fn gen_set_operation(&mut self, sop: &SetOperationStatement) {
710 self.gen_statement(&sop.left);
711 let op_kw = match sop.op {
712 SetOperationType::Union => "UNION",
713 SetOperationType::Intersect => "INTERSECT",
714 SetOperationType::Except => "EXCEPT",
715 };
716 self.sep();
717 self.write_keyword(op_kw);
718 if sop.all {
719 self.write(" ");
720 self.write_keyword("ALL");
721 }
722 self.sep();
723 self.gen_statement(&sop.right);
724
725 self.gen_order_by(&sop.order_by);
726
727 if let Some(limit) = &sop.limit {
728 self.sep();
729 self.write_keyword("LIMIT ");
730 self.gen_expr(limit);
731 }
732 if let Some(offset) = &sop.offset {
733 self.sep();
734 self.write_keyword("OFFSET ");
735 self.gen_expr(offset);
736 }
737 }
738
739 fn gen_insert(&mut self, ins: &InsertStatement) {
742 self.write_keyword("INSERT INTO ");
743 self.gen_table_ref(&ins.table);
744
745 if !ins.columns.is_empty() {
746 self.write(" (");
747 self.write(&ins.columns.join(", "));
748 self.write(")");
749 }
750
751 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric))
753 && !ins.returning.is_empty()
754 {
755 self.sep();
756 self.gen_output_clause(&ins.returning, "INSERTED");
757 }
758
759 match &ins.source {
760 InsertSource::Values(rows) => {
761 self.sep();
762 self.write_keyword("VALUES");
763 if self.pretty {
764 self.indent_up();
765 for (i, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
766 self.newline();
767 self.write("(");
768 self.gen_expr_list(row);
769 self.write(")");
770 if i < rows.len() - 1 {
771 self.write(",");
772 }
773 }
774 self.indent_down();
775 } else {
776 self.write(" ");
777 for (i, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
778 if i > 0 {
779 self.write(", ");
780 }
781 self.write("(");
782 self.gen_expr_list(row);
783 self.write(")");
784 }
785 }
786 }
787 InsertSource::Query(query) => {
788 self.sep();
789 self.gen_statement(query);
790 }
791 InsertSource::Default => {
792 self.sep();
793 self.write_keyword("DEFAULT VALUES");
794 }
795 }
796
797 if let Some(on_conflict) = &ins.on_conflict {
798 self.sep();
799 self.write_keyword("ON CONFLICT");
800 if !on_conflict.columns.is_empty() {
801 self.write(" (");
802 self.write(&on_conflict.columns.join(", "));
803 self.write(")");
804 }
805 match &on_conflict.action {
806 ConflictAction::DoNothing => {
807 self.write(" ");
808 self.write_keyword("DO NOTHING");
809 }
810 ConflictAction::DoUpdate(assignments) => {
811 self.write(" ");
812 self.write_keyword("DO UPDATE SET ");
813 for (i, (col, val)) in assignments.iter().enumerate() {
814 if i > 0 {
815 self.write(", ");
816 }
817 self.write(col);
818 self.write(" = ");
819 self.gen_expr(val);
820 }
821 }
822 }
823 }
824
825 if !matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric))
827 && !ins.returning.is_empty()
828 {
829 self.sep();
830 self.write_keyword("RETURNING ");
831 for (i, item) in ins.returning.iter().enumerate() {
832 if i > 0 {
833 self.write(", ");
834 }
835 self.gen_select_item(item);
836 }
837 }
838 }
839
840 fn gen_update(&mut self, upd: &UpdateStatement) {
843 self.write_keyword("UPDATE ");
844 self.gen_table_ref(&upd.table);
845 self.sep();
846 self.write_keyword("SET");
847
848 if self.pretty {
849 self.indent_up();
850 for (i, (col, val)) in upd.assignments.iter().enumerate() {
851 self.newline();
852 self.write(col);
853 self.write(" = ");
854 self.gen_expr(val);
855 if i < upd.assignments.len() - 1 {
856 self.write(",");
857 }
858 }
859 self.indent_down();
860 } else {
861 self.write(" ");
862 for (i, (col, val)) in upd.assignments.iter().enumerate() {
863 if i > 0 {
864 self.write(", ");
865 }
866 self.write(col);
867 self.write(" = ");
868 self.gen_expr(val);
869 }
870 }
871
872 if let Some(from) = &upd.from {
873 self.sep();
874 self.write_keyword("FROM ");
875 self.gen_table_source(&from.source);
876 }
877
878 if let Some(wh) = &upd.where_clause {
879 self.sep();
880 self.write_keyword("WHERE");
881 if self.pretty {
882 self.indent_up();
883 self.newline();
884 self.gen_expr(wh);
885 self.indent_down();
886 } else {
887 self.write(" ");
888 self.gen_expr(wh);
889 }
890 }
891
892 if !upd.returning.is_empty() {
893 self.sep();
894 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric)) {
895 self.gen_output_clause(&upd.returning, "INSERTED");
896 } else {
897 self.write_keyword("RETURNING ");
898 for (i, item) in upd.returning.iter().enumerate() {
899 if i > 0 {
900 self.write(", ");
901 }
902 self.gen_select_item(item);
903 }
904 }
905 }
906 }
907
908 fn gen_delete(&mut self, del: &DeleteStatement) {
911 self.write_keyword("DELETE FROM ");
912 self.gen_table_ref(&del.table);
913
914 if let Some(using) = &del.using {
915 self.sep();
916 self.write_keyword("USING ");
917 self.gen_table_source(&using.source);
918 }
919
920 if !del.returning.is_empty()
922 && matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric))
923 {
924 self.sep();
925 self.gen_output_clause(&del.returning, "DELETED");
926 }
927
928 if let Some(wh) = &del.where_clause {
929 self.sep();
930 self.write_keyword("WHERE");
931 if self.pretty {
932 self.indent_up();
933 self.newline();
934 self.gen_expr(wh);
935 self.indent_down();
936 } else {
937 self.write(" ");
938 self.gen_expr(wh);
939 }
940 }
941
942 if !del.returning.is_empty()
944 && !matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric))
945 {
946 self.sep();
947 self.write_keyword("RETURNING ");
948 for (i, item) in del.returning.iter().enumerate() {
949 if i > 0 {
950 self.write(", ");
951 }
952 self.gen_select_item(item);
953 }
954 }
955 }
956
957 fn gen_output_clause(&mut self, items: &[SelectItem], prefix: &str) {
961 self.write_keyword("OUTPUT ");
962 for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
963 if i > 0 {
964 self.write(", ");
965 }
966 match item {
967 SelectItem::Wildcard => {
968 self.write(prefix);
969 self.write(".*");
970 }
971 SelectItem::QualifiedWildcard { table } => {
972 self.write(prefix);
973 self.write(".");
974 self.write(table);
975 self.write(".*");
976 }
977 SelectItem::Expr { expr, .. } => match expr {
978 Expr::Column { name, .. } => {
979 self.write(prefix);
980 self.write(".");
981 self.write(name);
982 }
983 Expr::Star | Expr::Wildcard => {
984 self.write(prefix);
985 self.write(".*");
986 }
987 _ => {
988 self.write(prefix);
989 self.write(".");
990 self.gen_expr(expr);
991 }
992 },
993 }
994 }
995 }
996
997 fn gen_merge(&mut self, merge: &MergeStatement) {
1000 self.write_keyword("MERGE INTO ");
1001 self.gen_table_ref(&merge.target);
1002
1003 self.sep();
1004 self.write_keyword("USING ");
1005 self.gen_table_source(&merge.source);
1006
1007 self.sep();
1008 self.write_keyword("ON");
1009 if self.pretty {
1010 self.indent_up();
1011 self.newline();
1012 self.gen_expr(&merge.on);
1013 self.indent_down();
1014 } else {
1015 self.write(" ");
1016 self.gen_expr(&merge.on);
1017 }
1018
1019 for clause in &merge.clauses {
1020 self.sep();
1021 self.gen_merge_clause(clause);
1022 }
1023
1024 if !merge.output.is_empty() {
1025 self.sep();
1026 self.write_keyword("OUTPUT ");
1027 for (i, item) in merge.output.iter().enumerate() {
1028 if i > 0 {
1029 self.write(", ");
1030 }
1031 self.gen_select_item(item);
1032 }
1033 }
1034 }
1035
1036 fn gen_merge_clause(&mut self, clause: &MergeClause) {
1037 self.write_keyword("WHEN ");
1038 match &clause.kind {
1039 MergeClauseKind::Matched => self.write_keyword("MATCHED"),
1040 MergeClauseKind::NotMatched => self.write_keyword("NOT MATCHED"),
1041 MergeClauseKind::NotMatchedBySource => self.write_keyword("NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE"),
1042 }
1043
1044 if let Some(cond) = &clause.condition {
1045 self.write_keyword(" AND ");
1046 self.gen_expr(cond);
1047 }
1048
1049 self.write_keyword(" THEN");
1050
1051 match &clause.action {
1052 MergeAction::Update(assignments) => {
1053 self.sep();
1054 self.write_keyword("UPDATE SET");
1055 if self.pretty {
1056 self.indent_up();
1057 for (i, (col, val)) in assignments.iter().enumerate() {
1058 self.newline();
1059 self.write(col);
1060 self.write(" = ");
1061 self.gen_expr(val);
1062 if i < assignments.len() - 1 {
1063 self.write(",");
1064 }
1065 }
1066 self.indent_down();
1067 } else {
1068 self.write(" ");
1069 for (i, (col, val)) in assignments.iter().enumerate() {
1070 if i > 0 {
1071 self.write(", ");
1072 }
1073 self.write(col);
1074 self.write(" = ");
1075 self.gen_expr(val);
1076 }
1077 }
1078 }
1079 MergeAction::Insert { columns, values } => {
1080 self.sep();
1081 self.write_keyword("INSERT");
1082 if !columns.is_empty() {
1083 self.write(" (");
1084 self.write(&columns.join(", "));
1085 self.write(")");
1086 }
1087 self.write_keyword(" VALUES");
1088 self.write(" (");
1089 for (i, val) in values.iter().enumerate() {
1090 if i > 0 {
1091 self.write(", ");
1092 }
1093 self.gen_expr(val);
1094 }
1095 self.write(")");
1096 }
1097 MergeAction::InsertRow => {
1098 self.sep();
1099 self.write_keyword("INSERT ROW");
1100 }
1101 MergeAction::Delete => {
1102 self.sep();
1103 self.write_keyword("DELETE");
1104 }
1105 }
1106 }
1107
1108 fn gen_create_table(&mut self, ct: &CreateTableStatement) {
1111 self.write_keyword("CREATE ");
1112 if ct.temporary {
1113 self.write_keyword("TEMPORARY ");
1114 }
1115 self.write_keyword("TABLE ");
1116 if ct.if_not_exists {
1117 self.write_keyword("IF NOT EXISTS ");
1118 }
1119 self.gen_table_ref(&ct.table);
1120
1121 if let Some(as_select) = &ct.as_select {
1122 self.write(" ");
1123 self.write_keyword("AS ");
1124 self.gen_statement(as_select);
1125 return;
1126 }
1127
1128 self.write(" (");
1129
1130 if self.pretty {
1131 self.indent_up();
1132 for (i, col) in ct.columns.iter().enumerate() {
1133 self.newline();
1134 self.gen_column_def(col);
1135 if i < ct.columns.len() - 1 || !ct.constraints.is_empty() {
1136 self.write(",");
1137 }
1138 }
1139 for (i, constraint) in ct.constraints.iter().enumerate() {
1140 self.newline();
1141 self.gen_table_constraint(constraint);
1142 if i < ct.constraints.len() - 1 {
1143 self.write(",");
1144 }
1145 }
1146 self.indent_down();
1147 self.newline();
1148 } else {
1149 for (i, col) in ct.columns.iter().enumerate() {
1150 if i > 0 {
1151 self.write(", ");
1152 }
1153 self.gen_column_def(col);
1154 }
1155 for (i, constraint) in ct.constraints.iter().enumerate() {
1156 if i + ct.columns.len() > 0 {
1157 self.write(", ");
1158 }
1159 self.gen_table_constraint(constraint);
1160 }
1161 }
1162
1163 self.write(")");
1164 }
1165
1166 fn gen_column_def(&mut self, col: &ColumnDef) {
1167 self.write(&col.name);
1168 self.write(" ");
1169 self.gen_data_type(&col.data_type);
1170
1171 if col.primary_key {
1172 self.write(" ");
1173 self.write_keyword("PRIMARY KEY");
1174 }
1175 if col.unique {
1176 self.write(" ");
1177 self.write_keyword("UNIQUE");
1178 }
1179 if col.auto_increment {
1180 self.write(" ");
1181 self.write_keyword("AUTOINCREMENT");
1182 }
1183
1184 match col.nullable {
1185 Some(false) => {
1186 self.write(" ");
1187 self.write_keyword("NOT NULL");
1188 }
1189 Some(true) => {
1190 self.write(" ");
1191 self.write_keyword("NULL");
1192 }
1193 None => {}
1194 }
1195
1196 if let Some(default) = &col.default {
1197 self.write(" ");
1198 self.write_keyword("DEFAULT ");
1199 self.gen_expr(default);
1200 }
1201
1202 if let Some(collation) = &col.collation {
1203 self.write(" ");
1204 self.write_keyword("COLLATE ");
1205 self.write(collation);
1206 }
1207
1208 if let Some(comment) = &col.comment {
1209 self.write(" ");
1210 self.write_keyword("COMMENT '");
1211 self.write(&comment.replace('\'', "''"));
1212 self.write("'");
1213 }
1214 }
1215
1216 fn gen_table_constraint(&mut self, constraint: &TableConstraint) {
1217 match constraint {
1218 TableConstraint::PrimaryKey { name, columns } => {
1219 if let Some(name) = name {
1220 self.write_keyword("CONSTRAINT ");
1221 self.write(name);
1222 self.write(" ");
1223 }
1224 self.write_keyword("PRIMARY KEY (");
1225 self.write(&columns.join(", "));
1226 self.write(")");
1227 }
1228 TableConstraint::Unique { name, columns } => {
1229 if let Some(name) = name {
1230 self.write_keyword("CONSTRAINT ");
1231 self.write(name);
1232 self.write(" ");
1233 }
1234 self.write_keyword("UNIQUE (");
1235 self.write(&columns.join(", "));
1236 self.write(")");
1237 }
1238 TableConstraint::ForeignKey {
1239 name,
1240 columns,
1241 ref_table,
1242 ref_columns,
1243 on_delete,
1244 on_update,
1245 } => {
1246 if let Some(name) = name {
1247 self.write_keyword("CONSTRAINT ");
1248 self.write(name);
1249 self.write(" ");
1250 }
1251 self.write_keyword("FOREIGN KEY (");
1252 self.write(&columns.join(", "));
1253 self.write(") ");
1254 self.write_keyword("REFERENCES ");
1255 self.gen_table_ref(ref_table);
1256 self.write(" (");
1257 self.write(&ref_columns.join(", "));
1258 self.write(")");
1259 if let Some(action) = on_delete {
1260 self.write(" ");
1261 self.write_keyword("ON DELETE ");
1262 self.gen_referential_action(action);
1263 }
1264 if let Some(action) = on_update {
1265 self.write(" ");
1266 self.write_keyword("ON UPDATE ");
1267 self.gen_referential_action(action);
1268 }
1269 }
1270 TableConstraint::Check { name, expr } => {
1271 if let Some(name) = name {
1272 self.write_keyword("CONSTRAINT ");
1273 self.write(name);
1274 self.write(" ");
1275 }
1276 self.write_keyword("CHECK (");
1277 self.gen_expr(expr);
1278 self.write(")");
1279 }
1280 }
1281 }
1282
1283 fn gen_referential_action(&mut self, action: &ReferentialAction) {
1284 match action {
1285 ReferentialAction::Cascade => self.write_keyword("CASCADE"),
1286 ReferentialAction::Restrict => self.write_keyword("RESTRICT"),
1287 ReferentialAction::NoAction => self.write_keyword("NO ACTION"),
1288 ReferentialAction::SetNull => self.write_keyword("SET NULL"),
1289 ReferentialAction::SetDefault => self.write_keyword("SET DEFAULT"),
1290 }
1291 }
1292
1293 fn gen_drop_table(&mut self, dt: &DropTableStatement) {
1296 self.write_keyword("DROP TABLE ");
1297 if dt.if_exists {
1298 self.write_keyword("IF EXISTS ");
1299 }
1300 self.gen_table_ref(&dt.table);
1301 if dt.cascade {
1302 self.write(" ");
1303 self.write_keyword("CASCADE");
1304 }
1305 }
1306
1307 fn gen_alter_table(&mut self, alt: &AlterTableStatement) {
1310 self.write_keyword("ALTER TABLE ");
1311 self.gen_table_ref(&alt.table);
1312
1313 for (i, action) in alt.actions.iter().enumerate() {
1314 if i > 0 {
1315 self.write(",");
1316 }
1317 self.write(" ");
1318 match action {
1319 AlterTableAction::AddColumn(col) => {
1320 self.write_keyword("ADD COLUMN ");
1321 self.gen_column_def(col);
1322 }
1323 AlterTableAction::DropColumn { name, if_exists } => {
1324 self.write_keyword("DROP COLUMN ");
1325 if *if_exists {
1326 self.write_keyword("IF EXISTS ");
1327 }
1328 self.write(name);
1329 }
1330 AlterTableAction::RenameColumn { old_name, new_name } => {
1331 self.write_keyword("RENAME COLUMN ");
1332 self.write(old_name);
1333 self.write(" ");
1334 self.write_keyword("TO ");
1335 self.write(new_name);
1336 }
1337 AlterTableAction::AlterColumnType { name, data_type } => {
1338 self.write_keyword("ALTER COLUMN ");
1339 self.write(name);
1340 self.write(" ");
1341 self.write_keyword("TYPE ");
1342 self.gen_data_type(data_type);
1343 }
1344 AlterTableAction::AddConstraint(constraint) => {
1345 self.write_keyword("ADD ");
1346 self.gen_table_constraint(constraint);
1347 }
1348 AlterTableAction::DropConstraint { name } => {
1349 self.write_keyword("DROP CONSTRAINT ");
1350 self.write(name);
1351 }
1352 AlterTableAction::RenameTable { new_name } => {
1353 self.write_keyword("RENAME TO ");
1354 self.write(new_name);
1355 }
1356 }
1357 }
1358 }
1359
1360 fn gen_create_view(&mut self, cv: &CreateViewStatement) {
1363 self.write_keyword("CREATE ");
1364 if cv.or_replace {
1365 self.write_keyword("OR REPLACE ");
1366 }
1367 if cv.materialized {
1368 self.write_keyword("MATERIALIZED ");
1369 }
1370 self.write_keyword("VIEW ");
1371 if cv.if_not_exists {
1372 self.write_keyword("IF NOT EXISTS ");
1373 }
1374 self.gen_table_ref(&cv.name);
1375
1376 if !cv.columns.is_empty() {
1377 self.write(" (");
1378 self.write(&cv.columns.join(", "));
1379 self.write(")");
1380 }
1381
1382 self.write(" ");
1383 self.write_keyword("AS ");
1384 self.gen_statement(&cv.query);
1385 }
1386
1387 fn gen_drop_view(&mut self, dv: &DropViewStatement) {
1388 self.write_keyword("DROP ");
1389 if dv.materialized {
1390 self.write_keyword("MATERIALIZED ");
1391 }
1392 self.write_keyword("VIEW ");
1393 if dv.if_exists {
1394 self.write_keyword("IF EXISTS ");
1395 }
1396 self.gen_table_ref(&dv.name);
1397 }
1398
1399 fn gen_truncate(&mut self, t: &TruncateStatement) {
1402 self.write_keyword("TRUNCATE TABLE ");
1403 self.gen_table_ref(&t.table);
1404 }
1405
1406 fn gen_transaction(&mut self, t: &TransactionStatement) {
1409 match t {
1410 TransactionStatement::Begin => self.write_keyword("BEGIN"),
1411 TransactionStatement::Commit => self.write_keyword("COMMIT"),
1412 TransactionStatement::Rollback => self.write_keyword("ROLLBACK"),
1413 TransactionStatement::Savepoint(name) => {
1414 self.write_keyword("SAVEPOINT ");
1415 self.write(name);
1416 }
1417 TransactionStatement::ReleaseSavepoint(name) => {
1418 self.write_keyword("RELEASE SAVEPOINT ");
1419 self.write(name);
1420 }
1421 TransactionStatement::RollbackTo(name) => {
1422 self.write_keyword("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT ");
1423 self.write(name);
1424 }
1425 }
1426 }
1427
1428 fn gen_explain(&mut self, e: &ExplainStatement) {
1431 self.write_keyword("EXPLAIN ");
1432 if e.analyze {
1433 self.write_keyword("ANALYZE ");
1434 }
1435 self.gen_statement(&e.statement);
1436 }
1437
1438 fn gen_use(&mut self, u: &UseStatement) {
1441 self.write_keyword("USE ");
1442 self.write(&u.name);
1443 }
1444
1445 fn gen_data_type(&mut self, dt: &DataType) {
1450 match dt {
1451 DataType::TinyInt => self.write("TINYINT"),
1452 DataType::SmallInt => self.write("SMALLINT"),
1453 DataType::Int => self.write("INT"),
1454 DataType::BigInt => self.write("BIGINT"),
1455 DataType::Float => self.write("FLOAT"),
1456 DataType::Double => self.write("DOUBLE"),
1457 DataType::Real => self.write("REAL"),
1458 DataType::Decimal { precision, scale } | DataType::Numeric { precision, scale } => {
1459 self.write(if matches!(dt, DataType::Numeric { .. }) {
1460 "NUMERIC"
1461 } else {
1462 "DECIMAL"
1463 });
1464 if let Some(p) = precision {
1465 self.write(&format!("({p}"));
1466 if let Some(s) = scale {
1467 self.write(&format!(", {s}"));
1468 }
1469 self.write(")");
1470 }
1471 }
1472 DataType::Varchar(len) => {
1473 self.write("VARCHAR");
1474 if let Some(n) = len {
1475 self.write(&format!("({n})"));
1476 }
1477 }
1478 DataType::Char(len) => {
1479 self.write("CHAR");
1480 if let Some(n) = len {
1481 self.write(&format!("({n})"));
1482 }
1483 }
1484 DataType::Text => self.write("TEXT"),
1485 DataType::String => self.write("STRING"),
1486 DataType::Binary(len) => {
1487 self.write("BINARY");
1488 if let Some(n) = len {
1489 self.write(&format!("({n})"));
1490 }
1491 }
1492 DataType::Varbinary(len) => {
1493 self.write("VARBINARY");
1494 if let Some(n) = len {
1495 self.write(&format!("({n})"));
1496 }
1497 }
1498 DataType::Boolean => self.write("BOOLEAN"),
1499 DataType::Date => self.write("DATE"),
1500 DataType::Time { precision } => {
1501 self.write("TIME");
1502 if let Some(p) = precision {
1503 self.write(&format!("({p})"));
1504 }
1505 }
1506 DataType::Timestamp { precision, with_tz } => {
1507 self.write("TIMESTAMP");
1508 if let Some(p) = precision {
1509 self.write(&format!("({p})"));
1510 }
1511 if *with_tz {
1512 self.write(" WITH TIME ZONE");
1513 }
1514 }
1515 DataType::Interval => self.write("INTERVAL"),
1516 DataType::DateTime => self.write("DATETIME"),
1517 DataType::Blob => self.write("BLOB"),
1518 DataType::Bytea => self.write("BYTEA"),
1519 DataType::Bytes => self.write("BYTES"),
1520 DataType::Json => self.write("JSON"),
1521 DataType::Jsonb => self.write("JSONB"),
1522 DataType::Uuid => self.write("UUID"),
1523 DataType::Array(inner) => {
1524 let is_postgres = matches!(
1525 self.dialect,
1526 Some(
1527 Dialect::Postgres
1528 | Dialect::Redshift
1529 | Dialect::Materialize
1530 | Dialect::RisingWave
1531 )
1532 );
1533 if is_postgres {
1534 if let Some(inner) = inner {
1536 self.gen_data_type(inner);
1537 self.write("[]");
1538 } else {
1539 self.write("ARRAY");
1540 }
1541 } else {
1542 self.write("ARRAY");
1543 if let Some(inner) = inner {
1544 self.write("<");
1545 self.gen_data_type(inner);
1546 self.write(">");
1547 }
1548 }
1549 }
1550 DataType::Map { key, value } => {
1551 self.write("MAP<");
1552 self.gen_data_type(key);
1553 self.write(", ");
1554 self.gen_data_type(value);
1555 self.write(">");
1556 }
1557 DataType::Struct(fields) => {
1558 self.write("STRUCT<");
1559 for (i, (name, dt)) in fields.iter().enumerate() {
1560 if i > 0 {
1561 self.write(", ");
1562 }
1563 self.write(name);
1564 self.write(" ");
1565 self.gen_data_type(dt);
1566 }
1567 self.write(">");
1568 }
1569 DataType::Tuple(types) => {
1570 self.write("TUPLE(");
1571 for (i, dt) in types.iter().enumerate() {
1572 if i > 0 {
1573 self.write(", ");
1574 }
1575 self.gen_data_type(dt);
1576 }
1577 self.write(")");
1578 }
1579 DataType::Null => self.write("NULL"),
1580 DataType::Variant => self.write("VARIANT"),
1581 DataType::Object => self.write("OBJECT"),
1582 DataType::Xml => self.write("XML"),
1583 DataType::Inet => self.write("INET"),
1584 DataType::Cidr => self.write("CIDR"),
1585 DataType::Macaddr => self.write("MACADDR"),
1586 DataType::Bit(len) => {
1587 self.write("BIT");
1588 if let Some(n) = len {
1589 self.write(&format!("({n})"));
1590 }
1591 }
1592 DataType::Money => self.write("MONEY"),
1593 DataType::Serial => self.write("SERIAL"),
1594 DataType::BigSerial => self.write("BIGSERIAL"),
1595 DataType::SmallSerial => self.write("SMALLSERIAL"),
1596 DataType::Regclass => self.write("REGCLASS"),
1597 DataType::Regtype => self.write("REGTYPE"),
1598 DataType::Hstore => self.write("HSTORE"),
1599 DataType::Geography => self.write("GEOGRAPHY"),
1600 DataType::Geometry => self.write("GEOMETRY"),
1601 DataType::Super => self.write("SUPER"),
1602 DataType::Unknown(name) => self.write(name),
1603 }
1604 }
1605
1606 fn binary_op_str(op: &BinaryOperator) -> &'static str {
1611 match op {
1612 BinaryOperator::Plus => " + ",
1613 BinaryOperator::Minus => " - ",
1614 BinaryOperator::Multiply => " * ",
1615 BinaryOperator::Divide => " / ",
1616 BinaryOperator::Modulo => " % ",
1617 BinaryOperator::Eq => " = ",
1618 BinaryOperator::Neq => " <> ",
1619 BinaryOperator::Lt => " < ",
1620 BinaryOperator::Gt => " > ",
1621 BinaryOperator::LtEq => " <= ",
1622 BinaryOperator::GtEq => " >= ",
1623 BinaryOperator::And => " AND ",
1624 BinaryOperator::Or => " OR ",
1625 BinaryOperator::Xor => " XOR ",
1626 BinaryOperator::Concat => " || ",
1627 BinaryOperator::BitwiseAnd => " & ",
1628 BinaryOperator::BitwiseOr => " | ",
1629 BinaryOperator::BitwiseXor => " ^ ",
1630 BinaryOperator::ShiftLeft => " << ",
1631 BinaryOperator::ShiftRight => " >> ",
1632 BinaryOperator::Arrow => " -> ",
1633 BinaryOperator::DoubleArrow => " ->> ",
1634 }
1635 }
1636
1637 fn gen_expr_list(&mut self, exprs: &[Expr]) {
1638 for (i, expr) in exprs.iter().enumerate() {
1639 if i > 0 {
1640 self.write(", ");
1641 }
1642 self.gen_expr(expr);
1643 }
1644 }
1645
1646 fn gen_expr(&mut self, expr: &Expr) {
1647 match expr {
1648 Expr::Column {
1649 table,
1650 name,
1651 quote_style,
1652 table_quote_style,
1653 } => {
1654 if let Some(t) = table {
1655 self.write_quoted(t, *table_quote_style);
1656 self.write(".");
1657 }
1658 self.write_quoted(name, *quote_style);
1659 }
1660 Expr::Number(n) => self.write(n),
1661 Expr::StringLiteral(s) => {
1662 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Oracle) | Some(Dialect::Tsql))
1665 && !s.is_ascii()
1666 {
1667 self.write("N'");
1668 } else {
1669 self.write("'");
1670 }
1671 self.write(&s.replace('\'', "''"));
1672 self.write("'");
1673 }
1674 Expr::NationalStringLiteral(s) => {
1675 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Oracle) | Some(Dialect::Tsql)) {
1676 self.write("N'");
1677 } else {
1678 self.write("'");
1679 }
1680 self.write(&s.replace('\'', "''"));
1681 self.write("'");
1682 }
1683 Expr::Boolean(b) => {
1684 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric)) {
1685 self.write(if *b { "1" } else { "0" });
1686 } else {
1687 self.write(if *b { "TRUE" } else { "FALSE" });
1688 }
1689 }
1690 Expr::Null => self.write("NULL"),
1691 Expr::Default => self.write_keyword("DEFAULT"),
1692 Expr::Wildcard | Expr::Star => self.write("*"),
1693
1694 Expr::Cube { exprs } => {
1695 self.write_keyword("CUBE");
1696 self.write("(");
1697 self.gen_expr_list(exprs);
1698 self.write(")");
1699 }
1700 Expr::Rollup { exprs } => {
1701 self.write_keyword("ROLLUP");
1702 self.write("(");
1703 self.gen_expr_list(exprs);
1704 self.write(")");
1705 }
1706 Expr::GroupingSets { sets } => {
1707 self.write_keyword("GROUPING SETS");
1708 self.write("(");
1709 self.gen_expr_list(sets);
1710 self.write(")");
1711 }
1712
1713 Expr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } => {
1714 self.gen_expr(left);
1715 self.write(Self::binary_op_str(op));
1716 self.gen_expr(right);
1717 }
1718 Expr::AnyOp { expr, op, right } => {
1719 self.gen_expr(expr);
1720 self.write(Self::binary_op_str(op));
1721 self.write_keyword("ANY");
1722 self.write("(");
1723 if let Expr::Subquery(query) = right.as_ref() {
1724 self.gen_statement(query);
1725 } else {
1726 self.gen_expr(right);
1727 }
1728 self.write(")");
1729 }
1730 Expr::AllOp { expr, op, right } => {
1731 self.gen_expr(expr);
1732 self.write(Self::binary_op_str(op));
1733 self.write_keyword("ALL");
1734 self.write("(");
1735 if let Expr::Subquery(query) = right.as_ref() {
1736 self.gen_statement(query);
1737 } else {
1738 self.gen_expr(right);
1739 }
1740 self.write(")");
1741 }
1742 Expr::UnaryOp { op, expr } => {
1743 let op_str = match op {
1744 UnaryOperator::Not => "NOT ",
1745 UnaryOperator::Minus => "-",
1746 UnaryOperator::Plus => "+",
1747 UnaryOperator::BitwiseNot => "~",
1748 };
1749 self.write(op_str);
1750 self.gen_expr(expr);
1751 }
1752 Expr::Function {
1753 name,
1754 args,
1755 distinct,
1756 filter,
1757 over,
1758 } => {
1759 self.write(name);
1760 self.write("(");
1761 if *distinct {
1762 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
1763 }
1764 self.gen_expr_list(args);
1765 self.write(")");
1766
1767 if let Some(filter_expr) = filter {
1768 self.write(" ");
1769 self.write_keyword("FILTER (WHERE ");
1770 self.gen_expr(filter_expr);
1771 self.write(")");
1772 }
1773 if let Some(spec) = over {
1774 self.write(" ");
1775 self.write_keyword("OVER ");
1776 if let Some(wref) = &spec.window_ref {
1777 if spec.partition_by.is_empty()
1778 && spec.order_by.is_empty()
1779 && spec.frame.is_none()
1780 {
1781 self.write(wref);
1782 } else {
1783 self.write("(");
1784 self.gen_window_spec(spec);
1785 self.write(")");
1786 }
1787 } else {
1788 self.write("(");
1789 self.gen_window_spec(spec);
1790 self.write(")");
1791 }
1792 }
1793 }
1794 Expr::Between {
1795 expr,
1796 low,
1797 high,
1798 negated,
1799 } => {
1800 self.gen_expr(expr);
1801 if *negated {
1802 self.write(" ");
1803 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1804 }
1805 self.write(" ");
1806 self.write_keyword("BETWEEN ");
1807 self.gen_expr(low);
1808 self.write(" ");
1809 self.write_keyword("AND ");
1810 self.gen_expr(high);
1811 }
1812 Expr::InList {
1813 expr,
1814 list,
1815 negated,
1816 } => {
1817 self.gen_expr(expr);
1818 if *negated {
1819 self.write(" ");
1820 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1821 }
1822 self.write(" ");
1823 self.write_keyword("IN (");
1824 self.gen_expr_list(list);
1825 self.write(")");
1826 }
1827 Expr::InSubquery {
1828 expr,
1829 subquery,
1830 negated,
1831 } => {
1832 self.gen_expr(expr);
1833 if *negated {
1834 self.write(" ");
1835 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1836 }
1837 self.write(" ");
1838 self.write_keyword("IN (");
1839 self.gen_statement(subquery);
1840 self.write(")");
1841 }
1842 Expr::IsNull { expr, negated } => {
1843 self.gen_expr(expr);
1844 if *negated {
1845 self.write(" ");
1846 self.write_keyword("IS NOT NULL");
1847 } else {
1848 self.write(" ");
1849 self.write_keyword("IS NULL");
1850 }
1851 }
1852 Expr::IsBool {
1853 expr,
1854 value,
1855 negated,
1856 } => {
1857 self.gen_expr(expr);
1858 self.write(" ");
1859 match (negated, value) {
1860 (false, true) => self.write_keyword("IS TRUE"),
1861 (false, false) => self.write_keyword("IS FALSE"),
1862 (true, true) => self.write_keyword("IS NOT TRUE"),
1863 (true, false) => self.write_keyword("IS NOT FALSE"),
1864 }
1865 }
1866 Expr::Like {
1867 expr,
1868 pattern,
1869 negated,
1870 escape,
1871 } => {
1872 self.gen_expr(expr);
1873 if *negated {
1874 self.write(" ");
1875 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1876 }
1877 self.write(" ");
1878 self.write_keyword("LIKE ");
1879 self.gen_expr(pattern);
1880 if let Some(esc) = escape {
1881 self.write(" ");
1882 self.write_keyword("ESCAPE ");
1883 self.gen_expr(esc);
1884 }
1885 }
1886 Expr::ILike {
1887 expr,
1888 pattern,
1889 negated,
1890 escape,
1891 } => {
1892 self.gen_expr(expr);
1893 if *negated {
1894 self.write(" ");
1895 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1896 }
1897 self.write(" ");
1898 self.write_keyword("ILIKE ");
1899 self.gen_expr(pattern);
1900 if let Some(esc) = escape {
1901 self.write(" ");
1902 self.write_keyword("ESCAPE ");
1903 self.gen_expr(esc);
1904 }
1905 }
1906 Expr::SimilarTo {
1907 expr,
1908 pattern,
1909 negated,
1910 escape,
1911 } => {
1912 self.gen_expr(expr);
1913 if *negated {
1914 self.write(" ");
1915 self.write_keyword("NOT");
1916 }
1917 self.write(" ");
1918 self.write_keyword("SIMILAR TO ");
1919 self.gen_expr(pattern);
1920 if let Some(esc) = escape {
1921 self.write(" ");
1922 self.write_keyword("ESCAPE ");
1923 self.gen_expr(esc);
1924 }
1925 }
1926 Expr::Case {
1927 operand,
1928 when_clauses,
1929 else_clause,
1930 } => {
1931 self.write_keyword("CASE");
1932 if let Some(op) = operand {
1933 self.write(" ");
1934 self.gen_expr(op);
1935 }
1936 for (cond, result) in when_clauses {
1937 self.write(" ");
1938 self.write_keyword("WHEN ");
1939 self.gen_expr(cond);
1940 self.write(" ");
1941 self.write_keyword("THEN ");
1942 self.gen_expr(result);
1943 }
1944 if let Some(el) = else_clause {
1945 self.write(" ");
1946 self.write_keyword("ELSE ");
1947 self.gen_expr(el);
1948 }
1949 self.write(" ");
1950 self.write_keyword("END");
1951 }
1952 Expr::Nested(inner) => {
1953 self.write("(");
1954 self.gen_expr(inner);
1955 self.write(")");
1956 }
1957 Expr::Subquery(query) => {
1958 self.write("(");
1959 self.gen_statement(query);
1960 self.write(")");
1961 }
1962 Expr::Exists { subquery, negated } => {
1963 if *negated {
1964 self.write_keyword("NOT ");
1965 }
1966 self.write_keyword("EXISTS (");
1967 self.gen_statement(subquery);
1968 self.write(")");
1969 }
1970 Expr::Cast { expr, data_type } => {
1971 if let Expr::StringLiteral(val) = expr.as_ref() {
1973 let ansi_keyword = match data_type {
1974 DataType::Date => Some("DATE"),
1975 DataType::Timestamp { .. } => Some("TIMESTAMP"),
1976 DataType::Time { .. } => Some("TIME"),
1977 _ => None,
1978 };
1979 if let Some(kw) = ansi_keyword {
1980 let is_mysql_family = matches!(
1981 self.dialect,
1982 Some(
1983 Dialect::Mysql
1984 | Dialect::Doris
1985 | Dialect::SingleStore
1986 | Dialect::StarRocks
1987 )
1988 );
1989 if !is_mysql_family {
1990 self.write_keyword(kw);
1991 self.write(" '");
1992 self.write(val);
1993 self.write("'");
1994 return;
1995 }
1996 }
1997 }
1998
1999 let is_postgres = matches!(
2000 self.dialect,
2001 Some(
2002 Dialect::Postgres
2003 | Dialect::Redshift
2004 | Dialect::Materialize
2005 | Dialect::RisingWave
2006 )
2007 );
2008 if is_postgres {
2009 self.gen_expr(expr);
2010 self.write("::");
2011 self.gen_data_type(data_type);
2012 } else {
2013 self.write_keyword("CAST(");
2014 self.gen_expr(expr);
2015 self.write(" ");
2016 self.write_keyword("AS ");
2017 self.gen_data_type(data_type);
2018 self.write(")");
2019 }
2020 }
2021 Expr::TryCast { expr, data_type } => {
2022 self.write_keyword("TRY_CAST(");
2023 self.gen_expr(expr);
2024 self.write(" ");
2025 self.write_keyword("AS ");
2026 self.gen_data_type(data_type);
2027 self.write(")");
2028 }
2029 Expr::Extract { field, expr } => {
2030 if matches!(self.dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric)) {
2031 if *field == DateTimeField::Epoch {
2032 self.write_keyword("DATEDIFF(SECOND, '1970-01-01', ");
2034 self.gen_expr(expr);
2035 self.write(")");
2036 } else {
2037 self.write_keyword("DATEPART(");
2038 self.gen_datetime_field(field);
2039 self.write(", ");
2040 self.gen_expr(expr);
2041 self.write(")");
2042 }
2043 } else {
2044 self.write_keyword("EXTRACT(");
2045 self.gen_datetime_field(field);
2046 self.write(" ");
2047 self.write_keyword("FROM ");
2048 self.gen_expr(expr);
2049 self.write(")");
2050 }
2051 }
2052 Expr::Interval { value, unit } => {
2053 self.write_keyword("INTERVAL ");
2054 self.gen_expr(value);
2055 if let Some(unit) = unit {
2056 self.write(" ");
2057 self.gen_datetime_field(unit);
2058 }
2059 }
2060 Expr::ArrayLiteral(items) => {
2061 self.write_keyword("ARRAY[");
2062 self.gen_expr_list(items);
2063 self.write("]");
2064 }
2065 Expr::Tuple(items) => {
2066 self.write("(");
2067 self.gen_expr_list(items);
2068 self.write(")");
2069 }
2070 Expr::Coalesce(items) => {
2071 self.write_keyword("COALESCE(");
2072 self.gen_expr_list(items);
2073 self.write(")");
2074 }
2075 Expr::If {
2076 condition,
2077 true_val,
2078 false_val,
2079 } => {
2080 self.write_keyword("IF(");
2081 self.gen_expr(condition);
2082 self.write(", ");
2083 self.gen_expr(true_val);
2084 if let Some(fv) = false_val {
2085 self.write(", ");
2086 self.gen_expr(fv);
2087 }
2088 self.write(")");
2089 }
2090 Expr::NullIf { expr, r#else } => {
2091 self.write_keyword("NULLIF(");
2092 self.gen_expr(expr);
2093 self.write(", ");
2094 self.gen_expr(r#else);
2095 self.write(")");
2096 }
2097 Expr::Collate { expr, collation } => {
2098 self.gen_expr(expr);
2099 self.write(" ");
2100 self.write_keyword("COLLATE ");
2101 self.write(collation);
2102 }
2103 Expr::Parameter(p) => self.write(p),
2104 Expr::TypeExpr(dt) => self.gen_data_type(dt),
2105 Expr::QualifiedWildcard { table } => {
2106 self.write(table);
2107 self.write(".*");
2108 }
2109 Expr::Alias { expr, name } => {
2110 self.gen_expr(expr);
2111 self.write(" ");
2112 self.write_keyword("AS ");
2113 self.write(name);
2114 }
2115 Expr::ArrayIndex { expr, index } => {
2116 self.gen_expr(expr);
2117 self.write("[");
2118 self.gen_expr(index);
2119 self.write("]");
2120 }
2121 Expr::JsonAccess {
2122 expr,
2123 path,
2124 as_text,
2125 } => {
2126 self.gen_expr(expr);
2127 if *as_text {
2128 self.write("->>");
2129 } else {
2130 self.write("->");
2131 }
2132 self.gen_expr(path);
2133 }
2134 Expr::Lambda { params, body } => {
2135 if params.len() == 1 {
2136 self.write(¶ms[0]);
2137 } else {
2138 self.write("(");
2139 self.write(¶ms.join(", "));
2140 self.write(")");
2141 }
2142 self.write(" -> ");
2143 self.gen_expr(body);
2144 }
2145 Expr::TypedFunction { func, filter, over } => {
2146 self.gen_typed_function(func);
2147
2148 if let Some(filter_expr) = filter {
2149 self.write(" ");
2150 self.write_keyword("FILTER (WHERE ");
2151 self.gen_expr(filter_expr);
2152 self.write(")");
2153 }
2154 if let Some(spec) = over {
2155 self.write(" ");
2156 self.write_keyword("OVER ");
2157 if let Some(wref) = &spec.window_ref {
2158 if spec.partition_by.is_empty()
2159 && spec.order_by.is_empty()
2160 && spec.frame.is_none()
2161 {
2162 self.write(wref);
2163 } else {
2164 self.write("(");
2165 self.gen_window_spec(spec);
2166 self.write(")");
2167 }
2168 } else {
2169 self.write("(");
2170 self.gen_window_spec(spec);
2171 self.write(")");
2172 }
2173 }
2174 }
2175 Expr::Commented { expr, comments } => {
2176 for comment in comments {
2177 let normalized = self.normalize_comment(comment);
2178 self.write(&normalized);
2179 self.write(" ");
2180 }
2181 self.gen_expr(expr);
2182 }
2183 }
2184 }
2185
2186 fn gen_window_spec(&mut self, spec: &WindowSpec) {
2187 if let Some(wref) = &spec.window_ref {
2188 self.write(wref);
2189 if !spec.partition_by.is_empty() || !spec.order_by.is_empty() || spec.frame.is_some() {
2190 self.write(" ");
2191 }
2192 }
2193 if !spec.partition_by.is_empty() {
2194 self.write_keyword("PARTITION BY ");
2195 self.gen_expr_list(&spec.partition_by);
2196 }
2197 if !spec.order_by.is_empty() {
2198 if !spec.partition_by.is_empty() {
2199 self.write(" ");
2200 }
2201 self.write_keyword("ORDER BY ");
2202 for (i, item) in spec.order_by.iter().enumerate() {
2203 if i > 0 {
2204 self.write(", ");
2205 }
2206 self.gen_expr(&item.expr);
2207 if !item.ascending {
2208 self.write(" ");
2209 self.write_keyword("DESC");
2210 }
2211 if let Some(nulls_first) = item.nulls_first {
2212 if nulls_first {
2213 self.write(" ");
2214 self.write_keyword("NULLS FIRST");
2215 } else {
2216 self.write(" ");
2217 self.write_keyword("NULLS LAST");
2218 }
2219 }
2220 }
2221 }
2222 if let Some(frame) = &spec.frame {
2223 self.write(" ");
2224 self.gen_window_frame(frame);
2225 }
2226 }
2227
2228 fn gen_window_frame(&mut self, frame: &WindowFrame) {
2229 match frame.kind {
2230 WindowFrameKind::Rows => self.write_keyword("ROWS "),
2231 WindowFrameKind::Range => self.write_keyword("RANGE "),
2232 WindowFrameKind::Groups => self.write_keyword("GROUPS "),
2233 }
2234 if let Some(end) = &frame.end {
2235 self.write_keyword("BETWEEN ");
2236 self.gen_window_frame_bound(&frame.start);
2237 self.write(" ");
2238 self.write_keyword("AND ");
2239 self.gen_window_frame_bound(end);
2240 } else {
2241 self.gen_window_frame_bound(&frame.start);
2242 }
2243 }
2244
2245 fn gen_window_frame_bound(&mut self, bound: &WindowFrameBound) {
2246 match bound {
2247 WindowFrameBound::CurrentRow => self.write_keyword("CURRENT ROW"),
2248 WindowFrameBound::Preceding(None) => self.write_keyword("UNBOUNDED PRECEDING"),
2249 WindowFrameBound::Preceding(Some(n)) => {
2250 self.gen_expr(n);
2251 self.write(" ");
2252 self.write_keyword("PRECEDING");
2253 }
2254 WindowFrameBound::Following(None) => self.write_keyword("UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING"),
2255 WindowFrameBound::Following(Some(n)) => {
2256 self.gen_expr(n);
2257 self.write(" ");
2258 self.write_keyword("FOLLOWING");
2259 }
2260 }
2261 }
2262
2263 fn gen_datetime_field(&mut self, field: &DateTimeField) {
2264 let name = match field {
2265 DateTimeField::Year => "YEAR",
2266 DateTimeField::Quarter => "QUARTER",
2267 DateTimeField::Month => "MONTH",
2268 DateTimeField::Week => "WEEK",
2269 DateTimeField::Day => "DAY",
2270 DateTimeField::DayOfWeek => "DOW",
2271 DateTimeField::DayOfYear => "DOY",
2272 DateTimeField::Hour => "HOUR",
2273 DateTimeField::Minute => "MINUTE",
2274 DateTimeField::Second => "SECOND",
2275 DateTimeField::Millisecond => "MILLISECOND",
2276 DateTimeField::Microsecond => "MICROSECOND",
2277 DateTimeField::Nanosecond => "NANOSECOND",
2278 DateTimeField::Epoch => "EPOCH",
2279 DateTimeField::Timezone => "TIMEZONE",
2280 DateTimeField::TimezoneHour => "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
2281 DateTimeField::TimezoneMinute => "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
2282 };
2283 self.write(name);
2284 }
2285
2286 fn gen_typed_function(&mut self, func: &TypedFunction) {
2288 let dialect = self.dialect;
2289 let is_tsql = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Tsql) | Some(Dialect::Fabric));
2290 let is_mysql = matches!(
2291 dialect,
2292 Some(Dialect::Mysql)
2293 | Some(Dialect::SingleStore)
2294 | Some(Dialect::Doris)
2295 | Some(Dialect::StarRocks)
2296 );
2297 let is_bigquery = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::BigQuery));
2298 let is_snowflake = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Snowflake));
2299 let is_oracle = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Oracle));
2300 let is_hive_family = matches!(
2301 dialect,
2302 Some(Dialect::Hive) | Some(Dialect::Spark) | Some(Dialect::Databricks)
2303 );
2304
2305 match func {
2306 TypedFunction::DateAdd {
2308 expr,
2309 interval,
2310 unit,
2311 } => {
2312 if is_tsql || is_snowflake {
2313 self.write_keyword("DATEADD(");
2314 if let Some(u) = unit {
2315 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2316 } else {
2317 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2318 }
2319 self.write(", ");
2320 self.gen_expr(interval);
2321 self.write(", ");
2322 self.gen_expr(expr);
2323 self.write(")");
2324 } else if is_bigquery {
2325 self.write_keyword("DATE_ADD(");
2326 self.gen_expr(expr);
2327 self.write(", ");
2328 self.write_keyword("INTERVAL ");
2329 self.gen_expr(interval);
2330 self.write(" ");
2331 if let Some(u) = unit {
2332 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2333 } else {
2334 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2335 }
2336 self.write(")");
2337 } else {
2338 self.write_keyword("DATE_ADD(");
2339 self.gen_expr(expr);
2340 self.write(", ");
2341 self.gen_expr(interval);
2342 if let Some(u) = unit {
2343 self.write(", ");
2344 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2345 }
2346 self.write(")");
2347 }
2348 }
2349 TypedFunction::DateDiff { start, end, unit } => {
2350 if is_tsql || is_snowflake {
2351 self.write_keyword("DATEDIFF(");
2352 if let Some(u) = unit {
2353 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2354 } else {
2355 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2356 }
2357 self.write(", ");
2358 self.gen_expr(start);
2359 self.write(", ");
2360 self.gen_expr(end);
2361 self.write(")");
2362 } else if is_bigquery {
2363 self.write_keyword("DATE_DIFF(");
2364 self.gen_expr(end);
2365 self.write(", ");
2366 self.gen_expr(start);
2367 self.write(", ");
2368 if let Some(u) = unit {
2369 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2370 } else {
2371 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2372 }
2373 self.write(")");
2374 } else {
2375 self.write_keyword("DATEDIFF(");
2376 self.gen_expr(start);
2377 self.write(", ");
2378 self.gen_expr(end);
2379 if let Some(u) = unit {
2380 self.write(", ");
2381 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2382 }
2383 self.write(")");
2384 }
2385 }
2386 TypedFunction::DateTrunc { unit, expr } => {
2387 if is_tsql {
2388 self.write_keyword("DATETRUNC(");
2389 self.gen_datetime_field(unit);
2390 self.write(", ");
2391 self.gen_expr(expr);
2392 self.write(")");
2393 } else if is_oracle {
2394 self.write_keyword("TRUNC(");
2395 self.gen_expr(expr);
2396 self.write(", '");
2397 self.gen_datetime_field(unit);
2398 self.write("')");
2399 } else {
2400 self.write_keyword("DATE_TRUNC(");
2401 self.write("'");
2402 self.gen_datetime_field(unit);
2403 self.write("'");
2404 self.write(", ");
2405 self.gen_expr(expr);
2406 self.write(")");
2407 }
2408 }
2409 TypedFunction::DateSub {
2410 expr,
2411 interval,
2412 unit,
2413 } => {
2414 if is_tsql || is_snowflake {
2415 self.write_keyword("DATEADD(");
2416 if let Some(u) = unit {
2417 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2418 } else {
2419 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2420 }
2421 self.write(", -(");
2422 self.gen_expr(interval);
2423 self.write("), ");
2424 self.gen_expr(expr);
2425 self.write(")");
2426 } else if is_bigquery {
2427 self.write_keyword("DATE_SUB(");
2428 self.gen_expr(expr);
2429 self.write(", ");
2430 self.write_keyword("INTERVAL ");
2431 self.gen_expr(interval);
2432 self.write(" ");
2433 if let Some(u) = unit {
2434 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2435 } else {
2436 self.write_keyword("DAY");
2437 }
2438 self.write(")");
2439 } else {
2440 self.write_keyword("DATE_SUB(");
2441 self.gen_expr(expr);
2442 self.write(", ");
2443 self.gen_expr(interval);
2444 if let Some(u) = unit {
2445 self.write(", ");
2446 self.gen_datetime_field(u);
2447 }
2448 self.write(")");
2449 }
2450 }
2451 TypedFunction::CurrentDate => {
2452 if is_tsql {
2453 self.write_keyword("CAST(GETDATE() AS DATE)");
2454 } else if is_mysql || is_hive_family {
2455 self.write_keyword("CURRENT_DATE()");
2456 } else {
2457 self.write_keyword("CURRENT_DATE");
2458 }
2459 }
2460 TypedFunction::CurrentTimestamp => {
2461 if is_tsql {
2462 self.write_keyword("GETDATE()");
2463 } else if is_mysql
2464 || matches!(
2465 dialect,
2466 Some(Dialect::Postgres)
2467 | Some(Dialect::DuckDb)
2468 | Some(Dialect::Sqlite)
2469 | Some(Dialect::Redshift)
2470 )
2471 {
2472 self.write_keyword("NOW()");
2473 } else {
2474 self.write_keyword("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()");
2475 }
2476 }
2477 TypedFunction::StrToTime { expr, format } => {
2478 if is_mysql {
2479 self.write_keyword("STR_TO_DATE(");
2480 } else if is_bigquery {
2481 self.write_keyword("PARSE_TIMESTAMP(");
2482 } else {
2483 self.write_keyword("TO_TIMESTAMP(");
2484 }
2485 self.gen_expr(expr);
2486 self.write(", ");
2487 self.gen_expr(format);
2488 self.write(")");
2489 }
2490 TypedFunction::TimeToStr { expr, format } => {
2491 if is_mysql || is_hive_family {
2492 self.write_keyword("DATE_FORMAT(");
2493 } else if is_bigquery {
2494 self.write_keyword("FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(");
2495 } else if is_tsql {
2496 self.write_keyword("FORMAT(");
2497 } else {
2498 self.write_keyword("TO_CHAR(");
2499 }
2500 self.gen_expr(expr);
2501 self.write(", ");
2502 self.gen_expr(format);
2503 self.write(")");
2504 }
2505 TypedFunction::TsOrDsToDate { expr } => {
2506 if is_mysql {
2507 self.write_keyword("DATE(");
2508 self.gen_expr(expr);
2509 self.write(")");
2510 } else {
2511 self.write_keyword("CAST(");
2512 self.gen_expr(expr);
2513 self.write(" ");
2514 self.write_keyword("AS DATE)");
2515 }
2516 }
2517 TypedFunction::Year { expr } => {
2518 if is_tsql {
2519 self.write_keyword("YEAR(");
2520 self.gen_expr(expr);
2521 self.write(")");
2522 } else {
2523 self.write_keyword("EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ");
2524 self.gen_expr(expr);
2525 self.write(")");
2526 }
2527 }
2528 TypedFunction::Month { expr } => {
2529 if is_tsql {
2530 self.write_keyword("MONTH(");
2531 self.gen_expr(expr);
2532 self.write(")");
2533 } else {
2534 self.write_keyword("EXTRACT(MONTH FROM ");
2535 self.gen_expr(expr);
2536 self.write(")");
2537 }
2538 }
2539 TypedFunction::Day { expr } => {
2540 if is_tsql {
2541 self.write_keyword("DAY(");
2542 self.gen_expr(expr);
2543 self.write(")");
2544 } else {
2545 self.write_keyword("EXTRACT(DAY FROM ");
2546 self.gen_expr(expr);
2547 self.write(")");
2548 }
2549 }
2550
2551 TypedFunction::Trim {
2553 expr,
2554 trim_type,
2555 trim_chars,
2556 } => {
2557 self.write_keyword("TRIM(");
2558 match trim_type {
2559 TrimType::Leading => self.write_keyword("LEADING "),
2560 TrimType::Trailing => self.write_keyword("TRAILING "),
2561 TrimType::Both => {} }
2563 if let Some(chars) = trim_chars {
2564 self.gen_expr(chars);
2565 self.write(" ");
2566 self.write_keyword("FROM ");
2567 }
2568 self.gen_expr(expr);
2569 self.write(")");
2570 }
2571 TypedFunction::Substring {
2572 expr,
2573 start,
2574 length,
2575 } => {
2576 let name = if is_oracle
2577 || is_hive_family
2578 || is_mysql
2579 || matches!(
2580 dialect,
2581 Some(Dialect::Sqlite)
2582 | Some(Dialect::Doris)
2583 | Some(Dialect::SingleStore)
2584 | Some(Dialect::StarRocks)
2585 ) {
2586 "SUBSTR"
2587 } else {
2588 "SUBSTRING"
2589 };
2590 self.write_keyword(name);
2591 self.write("(");
2592 self.gen_expr(expr);
2593 self.write(", ");
2594 self.gen_expr(start);
2595 if let Some(l) = length {
2596 self.write(", ");
2597 self.gen_expr(l);
2598 }
2599 self.write(")");
2600 }
2601 TypedFunction::Upper { expr } => {
2602 self.write_keyword("UPPER(");
2603 self.gen_expr(expr);
2604 self.write(")");
2605 }
2606 TypedFunction::Lower { expr } => {
2607 self.write_keyword("LOWER(");
2608 self.gen_expr(expr);
2609 self.write(")");
2610 }
2611 TypedFunction::RegexpLike {
2612 expr,
2613 pattern,
2614 flags,
2615 } => {
2616 self.write_keyword("REGEXP_LIKE(");
2617 self.gen_expr(expr);
2618 self.write(", ");
2619 self.gen_expr(pattern);
2620 if let Some(f) = flags {
2621 self.write(", ");
2622 self.gen_expr(f);
2623 }
2624 self.write(")");
2625 }
2626 TypedFunction::RegexpExtract {
2627 expr,
2628 pattern,
2629 group_index,
2630 } => {
2631 if is_bigquery || is_hive_family {
2632 self.write_keyword("REGEXP_EXTRACT(");
2633 } else {
2634 self.write_keyword("REGEXP_SUBSTR(");
2635 }
2636 self.gen_expr(expr);
2637 self.write(", ");
2638 self.gen_expr(pattern);
2639 if let Some(g) = group_index {
2640 self.write(", ");
2641 self.gen_expr(g);
2642 }
2643 self.write(")");
2644 }
2645 TypedFunction::RegexpReplace {
2646 expr,
2647 pattern,
2648 replacement,
2649 flags,
2650 } => {
2651 self.write_keyword("REGEXP_REPLACE(");
2652 self.gen_expr(expr);
2653 self.write(", ");
2654 self.gen_expr(pattern);
2655 self.write(", ");
2656 self.gen_expr(replacement);
2657 if let Some(f) = flags {
2658 self.write(", ");
2659 self.gen_expr(f);
2660 }
2661 self.write(")");
2662 }
2663 TypedFunction::ConcatWs { separator, exprs } => {
2664 self.write_keyword("CONCAT_WS(");
2665 self.gen_expr(separator);
2666 for e in exprs {
2667 self.write(", ");
2668 self.gen_expr(e);
2669 }
2670 self.write(")");
2671 }
2672 TypedFunction::Split { expr, delimiter } => {
2673 if is_tsql {
2674 self.write_keyword("STRING_SPLIT(");
2675 } else {
2676 self.write_keyword("SPLIT(");
2677 }
2678 self.gen_expr(expr);
2679 self.write(", ");
2680 self.gen_expr(delimiter);
2681 self.write(")");
2682 }
2683 TypedFunction::Initcap { expr } => {
2684 self.write_keyword("INITCAP(");
2685 self.gen_expr(expr);
2686 self.write(")");
2687 }
2688 TypedFunction::Length { expr } => {
2689 let name = if is_tsql || is_bigquery || is_snowflake {
2690 "LEN"
2691 } else {
2692 "LENGTH"
2693 };
2694 self.write_keyword(name);
2695 self.write("(");
2696 self.gen_expr(expr);
2697 self.write(")");
2698 }
2699 TypedFunction::Replace { expr, from, to } => {
2700 self.write_keyword("REPLACE(");
2701 self.gen_expr(expr);
2702 self.write(", ");
2703 self.gen_expr(from);
2704 self.write(", ");
2705 self.gen_expr(to);
2706 self.write(")");
2707 }
2708 TypedFunction::Reverse { expr } => {
2709 self.write_keyword("REVERSE(");
2710 self.gen_expr(expr);
2711 self.write(")");
2712 }
2713 TypedFunction::Left { expr, n } => {
2714 self.write_keyword("LEFT(");
2715 self.gen_expr(expr);
2716 self.write(", ");
2717 self.gen_expr(n);
2718 self.write(")");
2719 }
2720 TypedFunction::Right { expr, n } => {
2721 self.write_keyword("RIGHT(");
2722 self.gen_expr(expr);
2723 self.write(", ");
2724 self.gen_expr(n);
2725 self.write(")");
2726 }
2727 TypedFunction::Lpad { expr, length, pad } => {
2728 self.write_keyword("LPAD(");
2729 self.gen_expr(expr);
2730 self.write(", ");
2731 self.gen_expr(length);
2732 if let Some(p) = pad {
2733 self.write(", ");
2734 self.gen_expr(p);
2735 }
2736 self.write(")");
2737 }
2738 TypedFunction::Rpad { expr, length, pad } => {
2739 self.write_keyword("RPAD(");
2740 self.gen_expr(expr);
2741 self.write(", ");
2742 self.gen_expr(length);
2743 if let Some(p) = pad {
2744 self.write(", ");
2745 self.gen_expr(p);
2746 }
2747 self.write(")");
2748 }
2749
2750 TypedFunction::Count { expr, distinct } => {
2752 self.write_keyword("COUNT(");
2753 if *distinct {
2754 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
2755 }
2756 self.gen_expr(expr);
2757 self.write(")");
2758 }
2759 TypedFunction::Sum { expr, distinct } => {
2760 self.write_keyword("SUM(");
2761 if *distinct {
2762 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
2763 }
2764 self.gen_expr(expr);
2765 self.write(")");
2766 }
2767 TypedFunction::Avg { expr, distinct } => {
2768 self.write_keyword("AVG(");
2769 if *distinct {
2770 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
2771 }
2772 self.gen_expr(expr);
2773 self.write(")");
2774 }
2775 TypedFunction::Min { expr } => {
2776 self.write_keyword("MIN(");
2777 self.gen_expr(expr);
2778 self.write(")");
2779 }
2780 TypedFunction::Max { expr } => {
2781 self.write_keyword("MAX(");
2782 self.gen_expr(expr);
2783 self.write(")");
2784 }
2785 TypedFunction::ArrayAgg { expr, distinct } => {
2786 let name = if matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::DuckDb)) {
2787 "LIST"
2788 } else if is_hive_family {
2789 "COLLECT_LIST"
2790 } else {
2791 "ARRAY_AGG"
2792 };
2793 self.write_keyword(name);
2794 self.write("(");
2795 if *distinct {
2796 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
2797 }
2798 self.gen_expr(expr);
2799 self.write(")");
2800 }
2801 TypedFunction::ApproxDistinct { expr } => {
2802 let name = if is_hive_family
2803 || matches!(
2804 dialect,
2805 Some(Dialect::Presto) | Some(Dialect::Trino) | Some(Dialect::Athena)
2806 ) {
2807 "APPROX_DISTINCT"
2808 } else {
2809 "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"
2810 };
2811 self.write_keyword(name);
2812 self.write("(");
2813 self.gen_expr(expr);
2814 self.write(")");
2815 }
2816 TypedFunction::Variance { expr } => {
2817 let name = if is_tsql || is_oracle {
2818 "VAR"
2819 } else {
2820 "VARIANCE"
2821 };
2822 self.write_keyword(name);
2823 self.write("(");
2824 self.gen_expr(expr);
2825 self.write(")");
2826 }
2827 TypedFunction::Stddev { expr } => {
2828 self.write_keyword("STDDEV(");
2829 self.gen_expr(expr);
2830 self.write(")");
2831 }
2832 TypedFunction::GroupConcat {
2833 exprs,
2834 separator,
2835 order_by,
2836 distinct,
2837 } => {
2838 self.gen_group_concat(exprs, separator.as_deref(), order_by, *distinct);
2839 }
2840
2841 TypedFunction::ArrayConcat { arrays } => {
2843 let name = if matches!(
2844 dialect,
2845 Some(Dialect::Postgres) | Some(Dialect::Redshift) | Some(Dialect::DuckDb)
2846 ) {
2847 "ARRAY_CAT"
2848 } else {
2849 "ARRAY_CONCAT"
2850 };
2851 self.write_keyword(name);
2852 self.write("(");
2853 self.gen_expr_list(arrays);
2854 self.write(")");
2855 }
2856 TypedFunction::ArrayContains { array, element } => {
2857 self.write_keyword("ARRAY_CONTAINS(");
2858 self.gen_expr(array);
2859 self.write(", ");
2860 self.gen_expr(element);
2861 self.write(")");
2862 }
2863 TypedFunction::ArraySize { expr } => {
2864 let name = if matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Postgres) | Some(Dialect::Redshift)) {
2865 "ARRAY_LENGTH"
2866 } else if is_hive_family {
2867 "SIZE"
2868 } else {
2869 "ARRAY_SIZE"
2870 };
2871 self.write_keyword(name);
2872 self.write("(");
2873 self.gen_expr(expr);
2874 self.write(")");
2875 }
2876 TypedFunction::Explode { expr } => {
2877 self.write_keyword("EXPLODE(");
2878 self.gen_expr(expr);
2879 self.write(")");
2880 }
2881 TypedFunction::GenerateSeries { start, stop, step } => {
2882 self.write_keyword("GENERATE_SERIES(");
2883 self.gen_expr(start);
2884 self.write(", ");
2885 self.gen_expr(stop);
2886 if let Some(s) = step {
2887 self.write(", ");
2888 self.gen_expr(s);
2889 }
2890 self.write(")");
2891 }
2892 TypedFunction::Flatten { expr } => {
2893 self.write_keyword("FLATTEN(");
2894 self.gen_expr(expr);
2895 self.write(")");
2896 }
2897
2898 TypedFunction::JSONExtract { expr, path } => {
2900 if is_tsql {
2901 self.write_keyword("JSON_VALUE(");
2902 } else {
2903 self.write_keyword("JSON_EXTRACT(");
2904 }
2905 self.gen_expr(expr);
2906 self.write(", ");
2907 self.gen_expr(path);
2908 self.write(")");
2909 }
2910 TypedFunction::JSONExtractScalar { expr, path } => {
2911 if is_bigquery {
2912 self.write_keyword("JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(");
2913 } else if is_tsql {
2914 self.write_keyword("JSON_VALUE(");
2915 } else {
2916 self.write_keyword("JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(");
2917 }
2918 self.gen_expr(expr);
2919 self.write(", ");
2920 self.gen_expr(path);
2921 self.write(")");
2922 }
2923 TypedFunction::ParseJSON { expr } => {
2924 if is_snowflake {
2925 self.write_keyword("PARSE_JSON(");
2926 } else if is_bigquery {
2927 self.write_keyword("JSON_PARSE(");
2928 } else {
2929 self.write_keyword("PARSE_JSON(");
2930 }
2931 self.gen_expr(expr);
2932 self.write(")");
2933 }
2934 TypedFunction::JSONFormat { expr } => {
2935 if is_bigquery {
2936 self.write_keyword("TO_JSON_STRING(");
2937 } else {
2938 self.write_keyword("JSON_FORMAT(");
2939 }
2940 self.gen_expr(expr);
2941 self.write(")");
2942 }
2943
2944 TypedFunction::RowNumber => self.write_keyword("ROW_NUMBER()"),
2946 TypedFunction::Rank => self.write_keyword("RANK()"),
2947 TypedFunction::DenseRank => self.write_keyword("DENSE_RANK()"),
2948 TypedFunction::NTile { n } => {
2949 self.write_keyword("NTILE(");
2950 self.gen_expr(n);
2951 self.write(")");
2952 }
2953 TypedFunction::Lead {
2954 expr,
2955 offset,
2956 default,
2957 } => {
2958 self.write_keyword("LEAD(");
2959 self.gen_expr(expr);
2960 if let Some(o) = offset {
2961 self.write(", ");
2962 self.gen_expr(o);
2963 }
2964 if let Some(d) = default {
2965 self.write(", ");
2966 self.gen_expr(d);
2967 }
2968 self.write(")");
2969 }
2970 TypedFunction::Lag {
2971 expr,
2972 offset,
2973 default,
2974 } => {
2975 self.write_keyword("LAG(");
2976 self.gen_expr(expr);
2977 if let Some(o) = offset {
2978 self.write(", ");
2979 self.gen_expr(o);
2980 }
2981 if let Some(d) = default {
2982 self.write(", ");
2983 self.gen_expr(d);
2984 }
2985 self.write(")");
2986 }
2987 TypedFunction::FirstValue { expr } => {
2988 self.write_keyword("FIRST_VALUE(");
2989 self.gen_expr(expr);
2990 self.write(")");
2991 }
2992 TypedFunction::LastValue { expr } => {
2993 self.write_keyword("LAST_VALUE(");
2994 self.gen_expr(expr);
2995 self.write(")");
2996 }
2997
2998 TypedFunction::Abs { expr } => {
3000 self.write_keyword("ABS(");
3001 self.gen_expr(expr);
3002 self.write(")");
3003 }
3004 TypedFunction::Ceil { expr } => {
3005 let name = if is_tsql { "CEILING" } else { "CEIL" };
3006 self.write_keyword(name);
3007 self.write("(");
3008 self.gen_expr(expr);
3009 self.write(")");
3010 }
3011 TypedFunction::Floor { expr } => {
3012 self.write_keyword("FLOOR(");
3013 self.gen_expr(expr);
3014 self.write(")");
3015 }
3016 TypedFunction::Round { expr, decimals } => {
3017 self.write_keyword("ROUND(");
3018 self.gen_expr(expr);
3019 if let Some(d) = decimals {
3020 self.write(", ");
3021 self.gen_expr(d);
3022 }
3023 self.write(")");
3024 }
3025 TypedFunction::Log { expr, base } => {
3026 if let Some(b) = base {
3027 self.write_keyword("LOG(");
3028 if matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Postgres) | Some(Dialect::DuckDb)) {
3029 self.gen_expr(b);
3031 self.write(", ");
3032 self.gen_expr(expr);
3033 } else {
3034 self.gen_expr(expr);
3036 self.write(", ");
3037 self.gen_expr(b);
3038 }
3039 self.write(")");
3040 } else {
3041 self.write_keyword("LOG(");
3043 self.gen_expr(expr);
3044 self.write(")");
3045 }
3046 }
3047 TypedFunction::Ln { expr } => {
3048 self.write_keyword("LN(");
3049 self.gen_expr(expr);
3050 self.write(")");
3051 }
3052 TypedFunction::Pow { base, exponent } => {
3053 let name = if is_tsql || is_oracle { "POWER" } else { "POW" };
3054 self.write_keyword(name);
3055 self.write("(");
3056 self.gen_expr(base);
3057 self.write(", ");
3058 self.gen_expr(exponent);
3059 self.write(")");
3060 }
3061 TypedFunction::Sqrt { expr } => {
3062 self.write_keyword("SQRT(");
3063 self.gen_expr(expr);
3064 self.write(")");
3065 }
3066 TypedFunction::Greatest { exprs } => {
3067 self.write_keyword("GREATEST(");
3068 self.gen_expr_list(exprs);
3069 self.write(")");
3070 }
3071 TypedFunction::Least { exprs } => {
3072 self.write_keyword("LEAST(");
3073 self.gen_expr_list(exprs);
3074 self.write(")");
3075 }
3076 TypedFunction::Mod { left, right } => {
3077 self.write_keyword("MOD(");
3078 self.gen_expr(left);
3079 self.write(", ");
3080 self.gen_expr(right);
3081 self.write(")");
3082 }
3083
3084 TypedFunction::Hex { expr } => {
3086 let name = if matches!(
3087 dialect,
3088 Some(Dialect::Presto) | Some(Dialect::Trino) | Some(Dialect::Athena)
3089 ) {
3090 "TO_HEX"
3091 } else {
3092 "HEX"
3093 };
3094 self.write_keyword(name);
3095 self.write("(");
3096 self.gen_expr(expr);
3097 self.write(")");
3098 }
3099 TypedFunction::Unhex { expr } => {
3100 let name = if matches!(
3101 dialect,
3102 Some(Dialect::Presto) | Some(Dialect::Trino) | Some(Dialect::Athena)
3103 ) {
3104 "FROM_HEX"
3105 } else {
3106 "UNHEX"
3107 };
3108 self.write_keyword(name);
3109 self.write("(");
3110 self.gen_expr(expr);
3111 self.write(")");
3112 }
3113 TypedFunction::Md5 { expr } => {
3114 self.write_keyword("MD5(");
3115 self.gen_expr(expr);
3116 self.write(")");
3117 }
3118 TypedFunction::Sha { expr } => {
3119 let name = if is_mysql { "SHA1" } else { "SHA" };
3120 self.write_keyword(name);
3121 self.write("(");
3122 self.gen_expr(expr);
3123 self.write(")");
3124 }
3125 TypedFunction::Sha2 { expr, bit_length } => {
3126 self.write_keyword("SHA2(");
3127 self.gen_expr(expr);
3128 self.write(", ");
3129 self.gen_expr(bit_length);
3130 self.write(")");
3131 }
3132 }
3133 }
3134
3135 fn gen_group_concat(
3138 &mut self,
3139 exprs: &[Expr],
3140 separator: Option<&Expr>,
3141 order_by: &[OrderByItem],
3142 distinct: bool,
3143 ) {
3144 let dialect = self.dialect;
3145 let is_sqlite = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Sqlite));
3146 let is_string_agg = matches!(
3147 dialect,
3148 Some(Dialect::Postgres)
3149 | Some(Dialect::Redshift)
3150 | Some(Dialect::BigQuery)
3151 | Some(Dialect::Tsql)
3152 | Some(Dialect::Fabric)
3153 | Some(Dialect::DuckDb)
3154 );
3155 let is_listagg = matches!(dialect, Some(Dialect::Oracle) | Some(Dialect::Snowflake));
3156
3157 if is_string_agg {
3158 self.write_keyword("STRING_AGG(");
3160 if distinct {
3161 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
3162 }
3163 self.gen_group_concat_exprs(exprs);
3164 self.write(", ");
3165 match separator {
3166 Some(s) => self.gen_expr(s),
3167 None => self.write("','"),
3168 }
3169 if !order_by.is_empty() {
3170 self.write(" ");
3171 self.gen_group_concat_order_by(order_by);
3172 }
3173 self.write(")");
3174 } else if is_listagg {
3175 self.write_keyword("LISTAGG(");
3177 if distinct {
3178 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
3179 }
3180 self.gen_group_concat_exprs(exprs);
3181 self.write(", ");
3182 match separator {
3183 Some(s) => self.gen_expr(s),
3184 None => self.write("','"),
3185 }
3186 self.write(")");
3187 if !order_by.is_empty() {
3188 self.write(" ");
3189 self.write_keyword("WITHIN GROUP");
3190 self.write(" (");
3191 self.gen_group_concat_order_by(order_by);
3192 self.write(")");
3193 }
3194 } else if is_sqlite {
3195 self.write_keyword("GROUP_CONCAT(");
3198 self.gen_group_concat_exprs(exprs);
3199 if let Some(s) = separator {
3200 self.write(", ");
3201 self.gen_expr(s);
3202 }
3203 self.write(")");
3204 } else {
3205 self.write_keyword("GROUP_CONCAT(");
3207 if distinct {
3208 self.write_keyword("DISTINCT ");
3209 }
3210 self.gen_group_concat_exprs(exprs);
3211 if !order_by.is_empty() {
3212 self.write(" ");
3213 self.gen_group_concat_order_by(order_by);
3214 }
3215 if let Some(s) = separator {
3216 self.write(" ");
3217 self.write_keyword("SEPARATOR");
3218 self.write(" ");
3219 self.gen_expr(s);
3220 }
3221 self.write(")");
3222 }
3223 }
3224
3225 fn gen_group_concat_exprs(&mut self, exprs: &[Expr]) {
3226 for (i, e) in exprs.iter().enumerate() {
3227 if i > 0 {
3228 self.write(", ");
3229 }
3230 self.gen_expr(e);
3231 }
3232 }
3233
3234 fn gen_group_concat_order_by(&mut self, order_by: &[OrderByItem]) {
3235 self.write_keyword("ORDER BY");
3236 self.write(" ");
3237 for (i, item) in order_by.iter().enumerate() {
3238 if i > 0 {
3239 self.write(", ");
3240 }
3241 self.gen_expr(&item.expr);
3242 if !item.ascending {
3243 self.write(" ");
3244 self.write_keyword("DESC");
3245 }
3246 if let Some(nulls_first) = item.nulls_first {
3247 self.write(" ");
3248 self.write_keyword(if nulls_first {
3249 "NULLS FIRST"
3250 } else {
3251 "NULLS LAST"
3252 });
3253 }
3254 }
3255 }
3256}
3257
3258impl Default for Generator {
3259 fn default() -> Self {
3260 Self::new()
3261 }
3262}
3263
3264#[cfg(test)]
3265mod tests {
3266 use super::*;
3267 use crate::parser::Parser;
3268
3269 fn roundtrip(sql: &str) -> String {
3270 let stmt = Parser::new(sql).unwrap().parse_statement().unwrap();
3271 let mut g = Generator::new();
3272 g.generate(&stmt)
3273 }
3274
3275 #[test]
3276 fn test_select_roundtrip() {
3277 assert_eq!(roundtrip("SELECT a, b FROM t"), "SELECT a, b FROM t");
3278 }
3279
3280 #[test]
3281 fn test_select_where() {
3282 assert_eq!(
3283 roundtrip("SELECT x FROM t WHERE x > 10"),
3284 "SELECT x FROM t WHERE x > 10"
3285 );
3286 }
3287
3288 #[test]
3289 fn test_select_wildcard() {
3290 assert_eq!(roundtrip("SELECT * FROM users"), "SELECT * FROM users");
3291 }
3292
3293 #[test]
3294 fn test_insert_values() {
3295 assert_eq!(
3296 roundtrip("INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES (1, 'hello')"),
3297 "INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES (1, 'hello')"
3298 );
3299 }
3300
3301 #[test]
3302 fn test_delete() {
3303 assert_eq!(
3304 roundtrip("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1"),
3305 "DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1"
3306 );
3307 }
3308
3309 #[test]
3310 fn test_join() {
3311 assert_eq!(
3312 roundtrip("SELECT a.id, b.name FROM a INNER JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id"),
3313 "SELECT a.id, b.name FROM a INNER JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id"
3314 );
3315 }
3316
3317 #[test]
3318 fn test_create_table() {
3319 assert_eq!(
3320 roundtrip("CREATE TABLE users (id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255), email TEXT)"),
3321 "CREATE TABLE users (id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255), email TEXT)"
3322 );
3323 }
3324
3325 #[test]
3326 fn test_cte_roundtrip() {
3327 let sql = "WITH cte AS (SELECT 1 AS x) SELECT x FROM cte";
3328 assert_eq!(
3329 roundtrip(sql),
3330 "WITH cte AS (SELECT 1 AS x) SELECT x FROM cte"
3331 );
3332 }
3333
3334 #[test]
3335 fn test_union_roundtrip() {
3336 let sql = "SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2";
3337 assert_eq!(roundtrip(sql), "SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2");
3338 }
3339
3340 #[test]
3341 fn test_cast_roundtrip() {
3342 assert_eq!(
3343 roundtrip("SELECT CAST(x AS INT) FROM t"),
3344 "SELECT CAST(x AS INT) FROM t"
3345 );
3346 }
3347
3348 #[test]
3349 fn test_exists_roundtrip() {
3350 assert_eq!(
3351 roundtrip("SELECT * FROM t WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t2)"),
3352 "SELECT * FROM t WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM t2)"
3353 );
3354 }
3355
3356 #[test]
3357 fn test_extract_roundtrip() {
3358 assert_eq!(
3359 roundtrip("SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM created_at) FROM t"),
3360 "SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM created_at) FROM t"
3361 );
3362 }
3363
3364 #[test]
3365 fn test_window_function_roundtrip() {
3366 assert_eq!(
3367 roundtrip("SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary DESC) FROM emp"),
3368 "SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY dept ORDER BY salary DESC) FROM emp"
3369 );
3370 }
3371
3372 #[test]
3373 fn test_subquery_from_roundtrip() {
3374 assert_eq!(
3375 roundtrip("SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS x) AS sub"),
3376 "SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1 AS x) AS sub"
3377 );
3378 }
3379
3380 #[test]
3381 fn test_in_subquery_roundtrip() {
3382 assert_eq!(
3383 roundtrip("SELECT * FROM t WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM t2)"),
3384 "SELECT * FROM t WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM t2)"
3385 );
3386 }
3387
3388 fn pretty_print(sql: &str) -> String {
3393 let stmt = Parser::new(sql).unwrap().parse_statement().unwrap();
3394 let mut g = Generator::pretty();
3395 g.generate(&stmt)
3396 }
3397
3398 #[test]
3399 fn test_pretty_simple_select() {
3400 assert_eq!(
3401 pretty_print("SELECT a, b, c FROM t"),
3402 "SELECT\n a,\n b,\n c\nFROM\n t"
3403 );
3404 }
3405
3406 #[test]
3407 fn test_pretty_select_where() {
3408 assert_eq!(
3409 pretty_print("SELECT a FROM t WHERE a > 1"),
3410 "SELECT\n a\nFROM\n t\nWHERE\n a > 1"
3411 );
3412 }
3413
3414 #[test]
3415 fn test_pretty_select_group_by_having() {
3416 assert_eq!(
3417 pretty_print("SELECT a, COUNT(*) FROM t GROUP BY a HAVING COUNT(*) > 1"),
3418 "SELECT\n a,\n COUNT(*)\nFROM\n t\nGROUP BY\n a\nHAVING\n COUNT(*) > 1"
3419 );
3420 }
3421
3422 #[test]
3423 fn test_pretty_select_order_by_limit() {
3424 assert_eq!(
3425 pretty_print("SELECT a FROM t ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 10"),
3426 "SELECT\n a\nFROM\n t\nORDER BY\n a DESC\nLIMIT 10"
3427 );
3428 }
3429
3430 #[test]
3431 fn test_pretty_join() {
3432 assert_eq!(
3433 pretty_print("SELECT a.id, b.name FROM a INNER JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id"),
3434 "SELECT\n a.id,\n b.name\nFROM\n a\nINNER JOIN\n b\n ON a.id = b.a_id"
3435 );
3436 }
3437
3438 #[test]
3439 fn test_pretty_cte() {
3440 assert_eq!(
3441 pretty_print("WITH cte AS (SELECT 1 AS x) SELECT x FROM cte"),
3442 "WITH cte AS (\n SELECT\n 1 AS x\n)\nSELECT\n x\nFROM\n cte"
3443 );
3444 }
3445
3446 #[test]
3447 fn test_pretty_union() {
3448 assert_eq!(
3449 pretty_print("SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2"),
3450 "SELECT\n 1\nUNION ALL\nSELECT\n 2"
3451 );
3452 }
3453
3454 #[test]
3455 fn test_pretty_insert() {
3456 assert_eq!(
3457 pretty_print("INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES (1, 'hello'), (2, 'world')"),
3458 "INSERT INTO t (a, b)\nVALUES\n (1, 'hello'),\n (2, 'world')"
3459 );
3460 }
3461
3462 #[test]
3463 fn test_pretty_update() {
3464 assert_eq!(
3465 pretty_print("UPDATE t SET a = 1, b = 2 WHERE c = 3"),
3466 "UPDATE t\nSET\n a = 1,\n b = 2\nWHERE\n c = 3"
3467 );
3468 }
3469
3470 #[test]
3471 fn test_pretty_delete() {
3472 assert_eq!(
3473 pretty_print("DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1"),
3474 "DELETE FROM t\nWHERE\n id = 1"
3475 );
3476 }
3477
3478 #[test]
3479 fn test_pretty_create_table() {
3480 assert_eq!(
3481 pretty_print("CREATE TABLE t (id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(255), email TEXT)"),
3482 "CREATE TABLE t (\n id INT NOT NULL,\n name VARCHAR(255),\n email TEXT\n)"
3483 );
3484 }
3485
3486 #[test]
3487 fn test_pretty_complex_query() {
3488 let sql = "SELECT a, SUM(b) FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.id WHERE t1.x > 1 GROUP BY a HAVING SUM(b) > 10 ORDER BY a LIMIT 100";
3489 let expected = "SELECT\n a,\n SUM(b)\nFROM\n t1\nINNER JOIN\n t2\n ON t1.id = t2.id\nWHERE\n t1.x > 1\nGROUP BY\n a\nHAVING\n SUM(b) > 10\nORDER BY\n a\nLIMIT 100";
3490 assert_eq!(pretty_print(sql), expected);
3491 }
3492
3493 #[test]
3494 fn test_pretty_select_distinct() {
3495 assert_eq!(
3496 pretty_print("SELECT DISTINCT a, b FROM t"),
3497 "SELECT DISTINCT\n a,\n b\nFROM\n t"
3498 );
3499 }
3500}