sparql_smith/

lib.rs

use arbitrary::{Arbitrary, Error, Result, Unstructured};
use std::fmt;
use std::iter::once;
use std::ops::ControlFlow;

pub const DATA_TRIG: &str = "
@prefix : <http://example.org/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

:1 :2 :3 , :4 ;
   :5 true , 1 , '1'^^xsd:decimal , '1'^^xsd:double .

:3 :2 :4 ;
   :5 false , 0 , '0'^^xsd:decimal , '0'^^xsd:double .

:1 {
    :1 :2 :3 , 'foo' .
}

:2 {
    :3 :2 :1 , false , 'bar'@en .
}

:3 {
    :3 :2 :1 , true .
}
";

const NUMBER_OF_NAMED_NODES: u8 = 5;
const NUMBER_OF_VARIABLES: u8 = 4;
const LITERALS: [&str; 54] = [
    "\"foo\"",
    "\"foo\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>",
    "\"foo\"@en",
    "\"foo\"@en-us",
    "true",
    "false",
    "0",
    "\"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal>",
    "\"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "\"-0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "1",
    "\"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal>",
    "\"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "-1",
    "\"-1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal>",
    "\"-1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "\"INF\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "\"-INF\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "\"NaN\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
    "\"INF\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"-INF\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"NaN\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"-0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"-1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float>",
    "\"P1YT1S\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration>",
    "\"P1Y\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration>",
    "\"PT1S\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration>",
    "\"P1Y\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#yearMonthDuration>",
    "\"PT1S\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dayTimeDuration>",
    "\"2020-01-01T00:00:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01T01:00:00.1-14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01T02:00:00.2+14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01T03:00:00.3-10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01T04:00:00.4+10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
    "\"2020-01-01\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"2020-01-01Z\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"2020-01-01-14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"2020-01-01+14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"2020-01-01-10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"2020-01-01+10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
    "\"00:00:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"00:00:00Z\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"01:00:00.1-14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"02:00:00.2+14:00\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"03:00:00.3-10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"04:00:00.4+10:30\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
    "\"2020\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear>",
    "\"2020-01\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYearMonth>",
    "\"--01\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gMonth>",
    "\"--01-01\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gMonthDay>",
    "\"---01\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gDay>",
];

pub struct Query {
    inner: QueryContent,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct QueryContent {
    // [1]  QueryUnit  ::=  Query
    // [2]  Query      ::=  Prologue ( SelectQuery | ConstructQuery | DescribeQuery | AskQuery ) ValuesClause
    variant: QueryVariant,
    values_clause: ValuesClause,
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum QueryVariant {
    Select(SelectQuery),
    Construct(ConstructQuery),
    Describe(DescribeQuery),
    Ask(AskQuery),
}

impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Query {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: QueryContent::arbitrary(u)?,
        })
    }

    fn arbitrary_take_rest(u: Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: QueryContent::arbitrary_take_rest(u)?,
        })
    }

    fn size_hint(_depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        (20, None)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Query {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self.inner.variant {
            QueryVariant::Select(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
            QueryVariant::Construct(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
            QueryVariant::Describe(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
            QueryVariant::Ask(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
        }?;
        write!(f, "{}", self.inner.values_clause)
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for Query {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct SelectQuery {
    // [7]   SelectQuery   ::=   SelectClause DatasetClause* WhereClause SolutionModifier
    select_clause: SelectClause,
    where_clause: WhereClause,
    solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
}

impl fmt::Display for SelectQuery {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
            "{}{}{}",
            self.select_clause, self.where_clause, self.solution_modifier
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct SubSelect {
    // [8]   SubSelect   ::=   SelectClause WhereClause SolutionModifier ValuesClause
    select_clause: SelectClause,
    where_clause: WhereClause,
    solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
    values_clause: ValuesClause,
}

impl fmt::Display for SubSelect {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            f,
            "{}{}{}{}",
            self.select_clause, self.where_clause, self.solution_modifier, self.values_clause
        )
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct SelectClause {
    // [9]   SelectClause   ::=   'SELECT' ( 'DISTINCT' | 'REDUCED' )? ( ( Var | ( '(' Expression 'AS' Var ')' ) )+ | '*' )
    option: Option<SelectOption>,
    values: SelectValues,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum SelectOption {
    Distinct,
    Reduced,
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum SelectValues {
    Star,
    Projection {
        start: SelectProjection,
        others: Vec<SelectProjection>,
    },
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum SelectProjection {
    Variable(Var),
    Projection(Expression, Var),
}

impl fmt::Display for SelectClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("SELECT")?;
        if let Some(option) = &self.option {
            match option {
                SelectOption::Distinct => f.write_str(" DISTINCT"),
                SelectOption::Reduced => f.write_str(" REDUCED"),
            }?;
        }
        match &self.values {
            SelectValues::Star => f.write_str(" *"),
            SelectValues::Projection { start, others } => {
                for e in once(start).chain(others) {
                    match e {
                        SelectProjection::Variable(v) => write!(f, " {v}"),
                        SelectProjection::Projection(e, v) => write!(f, " ({e} AS {v})"),
                    }?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }
        }
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum ConstructQuery {
    // [10] ConstructQuery	  ::=  	'CONSTRUCT' ( ConstructTemplate DatasetClause* WhereClause SolutionModifier | DatasetClause* 'WHERE' '{' TriplesTemplate? '}' SolutionModifier )
    Full {
        construct_template: ConstructTemplate,
        where_clause: WhereClause,
        solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
    },
    Short {
        triples_template: Option<ConstructTriples>,
        solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for ConstructQuery {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Full {
                construct_template,
                where_clause,
                solution_modifier,
            } => write!(
                f,
                "CONSTRUCT {construct_template}{where_clause}{solution_modifier}"
            ),
            Self::Short {
                triples_template,
                solution_modifier,
            } => {
                if let Some(triples) = triples_template {
                    write!(f, "CONSTRUCT WHERE {{ {triples} }}{solution_modifier}")
                } else {
                    write!(f, "CONSTRUCT {{}}{solution_modifier}")
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct DescribeQuery {
    // [11]  	DescribeQuery	  ::=  	'DESCRIBE' ( VarOrIri+ | '*' ) DatasetClause* WhereClause? SolutionModifier
    describe: DescribeList,
    where_clause: WhereClause,
    solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum DescribeList {
    Star,
    Terms {
        start: VarOrIri,
        others: Vec<VarOrIri>,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for DescribeQuery {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("DESCRIBE ")?;
        match &self.describe {
            DescribeList::Star => f.write_str("*")?,
            DescribeList::Terms { start, others } => {
                write!(f, "{start}")?;
                for e in others {
                    write!(f, " {e}")?;
                }
            }
        }
        write!(f, "{}{}", self.where_clause, self.solution_modifier)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct AskQuery {
    // [12]  	AskQuery	  ::=  	'ASK' DatasetClause* WhereClause SolutionModifier
    where_clause: WhereClause,
    solution_modifier: SolutionModifier,
}

impl fmt::Display for AskQuery {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "ASK {}{}", self.where_clause, self.solution_modifier)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct WhereClause {
    // [17]   WhereClause   ::=   'WHERE'? GroupGraphPattern
    with_where: bool,
    group_graph_pattern: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for WhereClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if self.with_where {
            f.write_str(" WHERE ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{}", self.group_graph_pattern)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct SolutionModifier {
    // [18]   SolutionModifier   ::=   GroupClause? HavingClause? OrderClause? LimitOffsetClauses?
    group: Option<GroupClause>,
    having: Option<HavingClause>,
    order: Option<OrderClause>,
    #[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
    limit_offset: Option<LimitOffsetClauses>,
}

impl fmt::Display for SolutionModifier {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(group) = &self.group {
            write!(f, " {group}")?;
        }
        if let Some(having) = &self.having {
            write!(f, " {having}")?;
        }
        if let Some(order) = &self.order {
            write!(f, " {order}")?;
        }
        #[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
        if let Some(limit_offset) = &self.limit_offset {
            write!(f, " {limit_offset}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GroupClause {
    // [19]   GroupClause   ::=   'GROUP' 'BY' GroupCondition+
    start: GroupCondition,
    others: Vec<GroupCondition>,
}

impl fmt::Display for GroupClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "GROUP BY {}", self.start)?;
        for o in &self.others {
            write!(f, " {o}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GroupCondition {
    // [20]   GroupCondition   ::=   BuiltInCall | FunctionCall | '(' Expression ( 'AS' Var )? ')' | Var
    BuiltInCall(BuiltInCall),
    FunctionCall(FunctionCall),
    Projection(Expression, Option<Var>),
    Var(Var),
}

impl fmt::Display for GroupCondition {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::BuiltInCall(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
            Self::FunctionCall(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
            Self::Projection(e, v) => {
                if let Some(v) = v {
                    write!(f, "({e} AS {v})")
                } else {
                    write!(f, "({e})")
                }
            }
            Self::Var(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct HavingClause {
    // [21]   HavingClause   ::=   'HAVING' HavingCondition+
    start: HavingCondition,
    others: Vec<HavingCondition>,
}

impl fmt::Display for HavingClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "HAVING {}", self.start)?;
        for o in &self.others {
            write!(f, " {o}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// [22]   HavingCondition   ::=   Constraint
type HavingCondition = Constraint;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct OrderClause {
    // [23]   OrderClause   ::=   'ORDER' 'BY' OrderCondition+
    start: OrderCondition,
    others: Vec<OrderCondition>,
}

impl fmt::Display for OrderClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "ORDER BY {}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, "  {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum OrderCondition {
    // [24]   OrderCondition   ::=   ( ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' ) BrackettedExpression ) | ( Constraint | Var )
    BrackettedExpression {
        is_asc: bool,
        inner: BrackettedExpression,
    },
    Constraint(Constraint),
    Var(Var),
}

impl fmt::Display for OrderCondition {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::BrackettedExpression { is_asc, inner } => {
                if *is_asc {
                    write!(f, "ASC{inner}")
                } else {
                    write!(f, "DESC{inner}")
                }
            }
            Self::Constraint(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
            Self::Var(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum LimitOffsetClauses {
    // [25]   LimitOffsetClauses   ::=   LimitClause OffsetClause? | OffsetClause LimitClause?
    LimitOffset(LimitClause, Option<OffsetClause>),
    OffsetLimit(OffsetClause, Option<LimitClause>),
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
impl fmt::Display for LimitOffsetClauses {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::LimitOffset(l, Some(o)) => write!(f, "{l} {o}"),
            Self::LimitOffset(l, None) => write!(f, "{l}"),
            Self::OffsetLimit(o, Some(l)) => write!(f, "{o} {l}"),
            Self::OffsetLimit(o, None) => write!(f, "{o}"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct LimitClause {
    // [26]   LimitClause   ::=   'LIMIT' INTEGER
    value: u8,
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
impl fmt::Display for LimitClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "LIMIT {}", self.value)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct OffsetClause {
    // [27]   OffsetClause   ::=   'OFFSET' INTEGER
    value: u8,
}

#[cfg(feature = "limit-offset")]
impl fmt::Display for OffsetClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "OFFSET {}", self.value)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ValuesClause {
    // [28]   ValuesClause   ::=   ( 'VALUES' DataBlock )?
    value: Option<DataBlock>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ValuesClause {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(value) = &self.value {
            write!(f, " VALUES {value}")
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }
}

pub struct Update {
    inner: UpdateContent,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct UpdateContent {
    // [3]  UpdateUnit	  ::=  	Update
    // [29] Update	  ::=  	Prologue ( Update1 ( ';' Update )? )?
    variants: Vec<Update1>,
}

impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Update {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: UpdateContent::arbitrary(u)?,
        })
    }

    fn arbitrary_take_rest(u: Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: UpdateContent::arbitrary_take_rest(u)?,
        })
    }

    fn size_hint(_depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        (20, None) // TODO: is it good?
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Update {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        for variant in &self.inner.variants {
            write!(f, "{variant} ; ")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for Update {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum Update1 {
    // [30]  	Update1	  ::=  	Load | Clear | Drop | Add | Move | Copy | Create | InsertData | DeleteData | DeleteWhere | Modify
    // TODO Load
    Clear(Clear),
    Drop(Drop),
    Add(Add),
    Move(Move),
    Copy(Copy),
    Create(Create),
    InsertData(InsertData),
    DeleteData(DeleteData),
    DeleteWhere(DeleteWhere),
    Modify(Modify),
}

impl fmt::Display for Update1 {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Update1::Clear(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Drop(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Add(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Move(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Copy(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Create(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::InsertData(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::DeleteData(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::DeleteWhere(a) => a.fmt(f),
            Update1::Modify(a) => a.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Clear {
    // [32]  	Clear	  ::=  	'CLEAR' 'SILENT'? GraphRefAll
    silent: bool,
    target: GraphRefAll,
}

impl fmt::Display for Clear {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "CLEAR ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{}", self.target)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Drop {
    // [33]  	Drop	  ::=  	'DROP' 'SILENT'? GraphRefAll
    silent: bool,
    target: GraphRefAll,
}

impl fmt::Display for Drop {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "DROP ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{}", self.target)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Create {
    // [34]  	Create	  ::=  	'CREATE' 'SILENT'? GraphRef
    silent: bool,
    target: GraphRef,
}

impl fmt::Display for Create {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "CREATE ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{}", self.target)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Add {
    // [35]  	Add	  ::=  	'ADD' 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault 'TO' GraphOrDefault
    silent: bool,
    from: GraphOrDefault,
    to: GraphOrDefault,
}

impl fmt::Display for Add {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "ADD ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{} TO {}", self.from, self.to)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Move {
    // [36]  	Move	  ::=  	'MOVE' 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault 'TO' GraphOrDefault
    silent: bool,
    from: GraphOrDefault,
    to: GraphOrDefault,
}

impl fmt::Display for Move {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "MOVE ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{} TO {}", self.from, self.to)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Copy {
    // [37]  	Copy	  ::=  	'COPY' 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault 'TO' GraphOrDefault
    silent: bool,
    from: GraphOrDefault,
    to: GraphOrDefault,
}

impl fmt::Display for Copy {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "MOVE ")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, "SILENT ")?;
        }
        write!(f, "{} TO {}", self.from, self.to)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct InsertData {
    // [38]  	InsertData	  ::=  	'INSERT DATA' QuadData
    data: QuadData,
}

impl fmt::Display for InsertData {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "INSERT DATA {}", self.data)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct DeleteData {
    // [39]  	DeleteData	  ::=  	'DELETE DATA' QuadData
    data: QuadData,
}

impl fmt::Display for DeleteData {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "DELETE DATA {}", self.data)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct DeleteWhere {
    // [40]  	DeleteWhere	  ::=  	'DELETE WHERE' QuadPattern
    data: QuadPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for DeleteWhere {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "DELETE WHERE {}", self.data)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Modify {
    // [41]  	Modify	  ::=  	( 'WITH' iri )? ( DeleteClause InsertClause? | InsertClause ) UsingClause* 'WHERE' GroupGraphPattern
    // [42]  	DeleteClause	  ::=  	'DELETE' QuadPattern
    // [43]  	InsertClause	  ::=  	'INSERT' QuadPattern
    with: Option<Iri>,
    variant: ModifyVariant,
    where_: GroupGraphPattern,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum ModifyVariant {
    DeleteInsert {
        delete: QuadPattern,
        insert: QuadPattern,
    },
    Delete(QuadPattern),
    Insert(QuadPattern),
}

impl fmt::Display for Modify {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(with) = &self.with {
            write!(f, "WITH {with} ")?;
        }
        match &self.variant {
            ModifyVariant::DeleteInsert { delete, insert } => write!(
                f,
                "DELETE {} INSERT {} WHERE {}",
                delete, insert, self.where_
            ),
            ModifyVariant::Delete(delete) => write!(f, "DELETE {} WHERE {}", delete, self.where_),
            ModifyVariant::Insert(insert) => write!(f, "INSERT {} WHERE {}", insert, self.where_),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphOrDefault {
    // [45]  	GraphOrDefault	  ::=  	'DEFAULT' | 'GRAPH'? iri
    Default,
    Graph(Iri),
    Iri(Iri),
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphOrDefault {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            GraphOrDefault::Default => write!(f, "DEFAULT"),
            GraphOrDefault::Graph(g) => write!(f, "GRAPH {g}"),
            GraphOrDefault::Iri(g) => g.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GraphRef {
    // [46]  	GraphRef	  ::=  	'GRAPH' iri
    iri: Iri,
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphRef {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "GRAPH {}", self.iri)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphRefAll {
    // [47]  	GraphRefAll	  ::=  	GraphRef | 'DEFAULT' | 'NAMED' | 'ALL'
    GraphRef(GraphRef),
    Default,
    Named,
    All,
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphRefAll {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            GraphRefAll::GraphRef(g) => g.fmt(f),
            GraphRefAll::Default => write!(f, "DEFAULT"),
            GraphRefAll::Named => write!(f, "NAMED"),
            GraphRefAll::All => write!(f, "ALL"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct QuadPattern {
    // [48]  	QuadPattern	  ::=  	'{' Quads '}'
    // [50]  	Quads	  ::=  	TriplesTemplate? ( QuadsNotTriples '.'? TriplesTemplate? )*
    // TODO: more syntax variations
    quads: Vec<(VarOrIri, Verb, VarOrIriOrLiteral, Option<VarOrIri>)>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum VarOrIriOrLiteral {
    Iri(Iri),
    Literal(Literal),
    Var(Var),
}

impl fmt::Display for QuadPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(" { ")?;
        for (s, p, o, g) in &self.quads {
            if let Some(g) = g {
                write!(f, "GRAPH {g} {{ {s} {p} {o} }} ")?;
            } else {
                write!(f, "{s} {p} {o} . ")?;
            }
        }
        f.write_str("}")
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for VarOrIriOrLiteral {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            VarOrIriOrLiteral::Iri(i) => i.fmt(f),
            VarOrIriOrLiteral::Literal(l) => l.fmt(f),
            VarOrIriOrLiteral::Var(v) => v.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct QuadData {
    // [49]  	QuadData	  ::=  	'{' Quads '}'
    // [50]  	Quads	  ::=  	TriplesTemplate? ( QuadsNotTriples '.'? TriplesTemplate? )*
    // TODO: more syntax variations
    quads: Vec<(Iri, Iri, IriOrLiteral, Option<Iri>)>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum IriOrLiteral {
    Iri(Iri),
    Literal(Literal),
}

impl fmt::Display for QuadData {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(" { ")?;
        for (s, p, o, g) in &self.quads {
            if let Some(g) = g {
                write!(f, "GRAPH {g} {{ {s} {p} {o} }} ")?;
            } else {
                write!(f, "{s} {p} {o} . ")?;
            }
        }
        f.write_str("}")
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for IriOrLiteral {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            IriOrLiteral::Iri(i) => i.fmt(f),
            IriOrLiteral::Literal(l) => l.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GroupGraphPattern {
    // [53]   GroupGraphPattern   ::=   '{' ( SubSelect | GroupGraphPatternSub ) '}'
    GroupGraphPatternSub(GroupGraphPatternSub),
    SubSelect(Box<SubSelect>),
}

impl fmt::Display for GroupGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(" { ")?;
        match self {
            Self::GroupGraphPatternSub(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::SubSelect(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
        }?;
        f.write_str(" } ")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GroupGraphPatternSub {
    // [54]   GroupGraphPatternSub   ::=   TriplesBlock? ( GraphPatternNotTriples '.'? TriplesBlock? )*
    start: Option<TriplesBlock>,
    others: Vec<GroupGraphPatternSubOtherBlock>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GroupGraphPatternSubOtherBlock {
    start: GraphPatternNotTriples,
    with_dot: bool,
    end: Option<TriplesBlock>,
}

impl fmt::Display for GroupGraphPatternSub {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(start) = &self.start {
            write!(f, "{start}")?;
        }
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, "{}", other.start)?;
            if other.with_dot {
                f.write_str(" . ")?;
            }
            if let Some(end) = &other.end {
                write!(f, "{end}")?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct TriplesBlock {
    // [55]   TriplesBlock   ::=   TriplesSameSubjectPath ( '.' TriplesBlock? )?
    start: TriplesSameSubjectPath,
    end: Option<Option<Box<TriplesBlock>>>,
}

impl fmt::Display for TriplesBlock {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        if let Some(end) = &self.end {
            f.write_str(" . ")?;
            if let Some(end) = end {
                write!(f, "{end}")?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphPatternNotTriples {
    // [56]   GraphPatternNotTriples   ::=   GroupOrUnionGraphPattern | OptionalGraphPattern | MinusGraphPattern | GraphGraphPattern | ServiceGraphPattern | Filter | Bind | InlineData
    GroupOrUnion(GroupOrUnionGraphPattern),
    Optional(OptionalGraphPattern),
    Minus(MinusGraphPattern),
    Graph(GraphGraphPattern),
    Filter(Filter),
    Bind(Bind),
    InlineData(InlineData),
    #[cfg(feature = "service")]
    ServiceGraphPattern(ServiceGraphPattern),
    #[cfg(feature = "sep-0006")]
    Lateral(LateralGraphPattern),
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphPatternNotTriples {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::GroupOrUnion(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Optional(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Minus(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Graph(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Filter(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Bind(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::InlineData(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            #[cfg(feature = "service")]
            Self::ServiceGraphPattern(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            #[cfg(feature = "sep-0006")]
            Self::Lateral(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct OptionalGraphPattern {
    // [57]   OptionalGraphPattern   ::=   'OPTIONAL' GroupGraphPattern
    inner: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for OptionalGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " OPTIONAL {}", self.inner)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "sep-0006")]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct LateralGraphPattern {
    // []   LateralGraphPattern   ::=   'LATERAL' GroupGraphPattern
    inner: GroupGraphPattern,
}

#[cfg(feature = "sep-0006")]
impl fmt::Display for LateralGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " LATERAL {}", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GraphGraphPattern {
    // [58]   GraphGraphPattern   ::=   'GRAPH' VarOrIri GroupGraphPattern
    graph: VarOrIri,
    inner: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " GRAPH {} {}", self.graph, self.inner)
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "service")]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ServiceGraphPattern {
    // [59]  	ServiceGraphPattern	  ::=  	'SERVICE' 'SILENT'? VarOrIri GroupGraphPattern
    silent: bool,
    #[cfg(feature = "unbound-service")]
    service: VarOrIri,
    #[cfg(not(feature = "unbound-service"))]
    service: Iri,
    inner: GroupGraphPattern,
}

#[cfg(feature = "service")]
impl fmt::Display for ServiceGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " SERVICE")?;
        if self.silent {
            write!(f, " SILENT")?;
        }
        write!(f, " {} {}", self.service, self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Bind {
    // [60]   Bind   ::=   'BIND' '(' Expression 'AS' Var ')'
    expression: Expression,
    var: Var,
}

impl fmt::Display for Bind {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " BIND({} AS {})", self.expression, self.var)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct InlineData {
    // [61]   InlineData   ::=   'VALUES' DataBlock
    inner: DataBlock,
}

impl fmt::Display for InlineData {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "VALUES {}", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum DataBlock {
    // [62]   DataBlock   ::=   InlineDataOneVar | InlineDataFull
    OneVar(InlineDataOneVar),
    Full(InlineDataFull),
}

impl fmt::Display for DataBlock {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::OneVar(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Full(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct InlineDataOneVar {
    // [63]   InlineDataOneVar   ::=   Var '{' DataBlockValue* '}'
    var: Var,
    values: Vec<DataBlockValue>,
}

impl fmt::Display for InlineDataOneVar {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{} {{", self.var)?;
        for v in &self.values {
            write!(f, " {v}")?;
        }
        write!(f, " }}")
    }
}

struct InlineDataFull {
    // [64]   InlineDataFull   ::=   ( NIL | '(' Var* ')' ) '{' ( '(' DataBlockValue* ')' | NIL )* '}'
    vars: Vec<Var>,
    values: Vec<Vec<DataBlockValue>>,
}

impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for InlineDataFull {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
        let vars = u.arbitrary_iter()?.collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;

        let mut values = Vec::new();
        u.arbitrary_loop(Some(0), Some(3), |u| {
            let mut row = Vec::with_capacity(vars.len());
            u.arbitrary_loop(
                Some(vars.len().try_into().map_err(|_| Error::IncorrectFormat)?),
                Some(vars.len().try_into().map_err(|_| Error::IncorrectFormat)?),
                |u| {
                    row.push(u.arbitrary()?);
                    Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(()))
                },
            )?;
            values.push(row);
            Ok(ControlFlow::Continue(()))
        })?;

        Ok(Self { vars, values })
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for InlineDataFull {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("( ")?;
        for v in &self.vars {
            write!(f, " {v}")?;
        }
        f.write_str(" ) {")?;
        for vs in &self.values {
            f.write_str(" (")?;
            for v in vs {
                write!(f, " {v}")?;
            }
            f.write_str(" )")?;
        }
        f.write_str(" }")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum DataBlockValue {
    // [65]   DataBlockValue   ::=   iri | RDFLiteral | NumericLiteral | BooleanLiteral | 'UNDEF'
    Iri(Iri),
    Literal(Literal),
    Undef,
}

impl fmt::Display for DataBlockValue {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Iri(i) => write!(f, "{i}"),
            Self::Literal(l) => write!(f, "{l}"),
            Self::Undef => f.write_str("UNDEF"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct MinusGraphPattern {
    // [66]   MinusGraphPattern   ::=   'MINUS' GroupGraphPattern
    inner: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for MinusGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " MINUS {}", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct GroupOrUnionGraphPattern {
    // [67]   GroupOrUnionGraphPattern   ::=   GroupGraphPattern ( 'UNION' GroupGraphPattern )*
    start: GroupGraphPattern,
    others: Vec<GroupGraphPattern>,
}

impl fmt::Display for GroupOrUnionGraphPattern {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, " UNION {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Filter {
    // [68]   Filter   ::=   'FILTER' Constraint
    constraint: Constraint,
}

impl fmt::Display for Filter {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "FILTER {}", self.constraint)
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum Constraint {
    // [69]   Constraint   ::=   BrackettedExpression | BuiltInCall | FunctionCall
    BrackettedExpression(BrackettedExpression),
    BuiltInCall(BuiltInCall),
    FunctionCall(FunctionCall),
}

impl fmt::Display for Constraint {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::BrackettedExpression(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::BuiltInCall(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
            Self::FunctionCall(c) => write!(f, "{c}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct FunctionCall {
    // [70]   FunctionCall   ::=   iri ArgList
    iri: FunctionCallName,
    args: ArgList,
}

impl fmt::Display for FunctionCall {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}{}", self.iri, self.args)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
#[expect(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
enum FunctionCallName {
    XsdString,
    XsdInteger,
    XsdDecimal,
    XsdDouble,
    XsdBoolean,
    XsdDateTime,
    XsdDate,
    XsdTime,
    XsdDuration,
    XsdYearMonthDuration,
    XsdDayTimeDuration,
    XsdGYear,
    XsdGMonth,
    XsdGDay,
    XsdGYearMonth,
    XsdGMonthDay,
}

impl fmt::Display for FunctionCallName {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(match self {
            FunctionCallName::XsdString => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdInteger => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdDecimal => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdDouble => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdBoolean => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdDateTime => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdDate => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdTime => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdDuration => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdYearMonthDuration => {
                "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#yearMonthDuration>"
            }
            FunctionCallName::XsdDayTimeDuration => {
                "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dayTimeDuration>"
            }
            FunctionCallName::XsdGYear => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdGMonth => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gMonth>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdGDay => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gDay>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdGYearMonth => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYearMonth>",
            FunctionCallName::XsdGMonthDay => "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gMonthDay>",
        })
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum ArgList {
    // [71]   ArgList   ::=   NIL | '(' 'DISTINCT'? Expression ( ',' Expression )* ')'
    Nil,
    NotNil {
        // TODO: DISTINCT
        start: Box<Expression>,
        others: Vec<Expression>,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for ArgList {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("(")?;
        if let Self::NotNil { start, others } = self {
            write!(f, "{start}")?;
            for e in others {
                write!(f, ", {e}")?;
            }
        }
        f.write_str(")")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ExpressionList {
    // [72]   ExpressionList   ::=   NIL | '(' Expression ( ',' Expression )* ')'
    inner: Vec<Expression>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ExpressionList {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("(")?;
        for (i, e) in self.inner.iter().enumerate() {
            if i > 0 {
                f.write_str(", ")?;
            }
            write!(f, "{e}")?;
        }
        f.write_str(")")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ConstructTemplate {
    // [73]  	ConstructTemplate	  ::=  	'{' ConstructTriples? '}'
    triples: Option<ConstructTriples>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ConstructTemplate {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(triples) = &self.triples {
            write!(f, "{{ {triples} }}")
        } else {
            f.write_str("{}")
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ConstructTriples {
    // [74]  	ConstructTriples	  ::=  	TriplesSameSubject ( '.' ConstructTriples? )?
    start: TriplesSameSubject,
    others: Vec<TriplesSameSubject>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ConstructTriples {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, " . {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum TriplesSameSubject {
    // [75]  	TriplesSameSubject	  ::=  	VarOrTerm PropertyListNotEmpty | TriplesNode PropertyList
    Atomic {
        subject: VarOrTerm,
        predicate_object: PropertyListNotEmpty,
    },
    Other {
        subject: TriplesNode,
        predicate_object: PropertyList,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for TriplesSameSubject {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Atomic {
                subject,
                predicate_object,
            } => {
                write!(f, "{subject}{predicate_object}")
            }
            Self::Other {
                subject,
                predicate_object,
            } => {
                write!(f, "{subject} {predicate_object}")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyList {
    // [76]  	PropertyList	  ::=  	PropertyListNotEmpty?
    inner: Option<PropertyListNotEmpty>,
}

impl fmt::Display for PropertyList {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(p) = &self.inner {
            write!(f, "{p}")
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyListNotEmpty {
    // [77]   PropertyListNotEmpty   ::=   Verb ObjectList ( ';' ( Verb ObjectList )? )*
    start_predicate: Verb,
    start_object: Box<ObjectList>,
    others: Vec<Option<PropertyListElement>>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyListElement {
    predicate: Verb,
    object: ObjectList,
}

impl fmt::Display for PropertyListNotEmpty {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{} {}", self.start_predicate, self.start_object)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            f.write_str(" ; ")?;
            if let Some(e) = other {
                write!(f, "{} {}", e.predicate, e.object)?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum Verb {
    // [78]   Verb   ::=   VarOrIri | 'a'
    VarOrIri(VarOrIri),
    A,
}

impl fmt::Display for Verb {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::VarOrIri(iri) => write!(f, "{iri}"),
            Self::A => f.write_str(" a "),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ObjectList {
    // [79]   ObjectList   ::=   Object ( ',' Object )*
    start: Object,
    others: Vec<Object>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ObjectList {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            f.write_str(" , ")?;
            write!(f, "{other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// [80]   Object   ::=   GraphNode
type Object = GraphNode;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum TriplesSameSubjectPath {
    // [81]   TriplesSameSubjectPath   ::=   VarOrTerm PropertyListPathNotEmpty | TriplesNodePath PropertyListPath
    Atomic {
        subject: VarOrTerm,
        predicate_object: PropertyListPathNotEmpty,
    },
    Other {
        subject: TriplesNodePath,
        predicate_object: PropertyListPath,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for TriplesSameSubjectPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Atomic {
                subject,
                predicate_object,
            } => {
                write!(f, "{subject}{predicate_object}")
            }
            Self::Other {
                subject,
                predicate_object,
            } => {
                write!(f, "{subject} {predicate_object}")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyListPath {
    // [82]   PropertyListPath   ::=   PropertyListPathNotEmpty?
    inner: Option<PropertyListPathNotEmpty>,
}

impl fmt::Display for PropertyListPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        if let Some(p) = &self.inner {
            write!(f, "{p}")
        } else {
            Ok(())
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyListPathNotEmpty {
    // [83]   PropertyListPathNotEmpty   ::=   ( VerbPath | VerbSimple ) ObjectListPath ( ';' ( ( VerbPath | VerbSimple ) ObjectListPath )? )*
    start_predicate: PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb,
    start_object: Box<ObjectListPath>,
    others: Vec<Option<PropertyListPathElement>>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb {
    VerbPath(VerbPath),
    VerbSimple(VerbSimple),
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PropertyListPathElement {
    predicate: PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb,
    object: ObjectListPath,
}

impl fmt::Display for PropertyListPathNotEmpty {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self.start_predicate {
            PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb::VerbPath(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb::VerbSimple(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
        }?;
        write!(f, "{}", self.start_object)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            f.write_str(" ; ")?;
            if let Some(e) = other {
                match &e.predicate {
                    PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb::VerbPath(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
                    PropertyListPathNotEmptyVerb::VerbSimple(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
                }?;
                write!(f, "{}", e.object)?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// [84]   VerbPath   ::=   Path
type VerbPath = Path;

// [85]   VerbSimple   ::=   Var
type VerbSimple = Var;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ObjectListPath {
    // [86]   ObjectListPath   ::=   ObjectPath ( ',' ObjectPath )*
    start: ObjectPath,
    others: Vec<ObjectPath>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ObjectListPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, " , {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// [87]   ObjectPath   ::=   GraphNodePath
type ObjectPath = GraphNodePath;

// [88]   Path   ::=   PathAlternative
type Path = PathAlternative;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PathAlternative {
    // [89]   PathAlternative   ::=   PathSequence ( '|' PathSequence )*
    start: PathSequence,
    others: Vec<PathSequence>,
}

impl fmt::Display for PathAlternative {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, " | {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PathSequence {
    // [90]   PathSequence   ::=   PathEltOrInverse ( '/' PathEltOrInverse )*
    start: PathEltOrInverse,
    others: Vec<PathEltOrInverse>,
}

impl fmt::Display for PathSequence {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for other in &self.others {
            write!(f, " / {other}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct PathElt {
    // [91]   PathElt   ::=   PathPrimary PathMod?
    path: PathPrimary,
    mode: Option<PathMod>,
}

impl fmt::Display for PathElt {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.path)?;
        if let Some(mode) = &self.mode {
            write!(f, "{mode}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PathEltOrInverse {
    // [92]   PathEltOrInverse   ::=   PathElt | '^' PathElt
    PathElt(PathElt),
    Inverse(PathElt),
}

impl fmt::Display for PathEltOrInverse {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::PathElt(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Inverse(e) => write!(f, " ^{e}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PathMod {
    // [93]   PathMod   ::=   '?' | '*' | '+'
    ZeroOrOne,
    ZeroOrMore,
    OneOrMore,
}

impl fmt::Display for PathMod {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::ZeroOrOne => f.write_str(" ? "),
            Self::ZeroOrMore => f.write_str(" * "),
            Self::OneOrMore => f.write_str(" + "),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PathPrimary {
    // [94]   PathPrimary   ::=   iri | 'a' | '!' PathNegatedPropertySet | '(' Path ')'
    Iri(Iri),
    A,
    Negated(PathNegatedPropertySet),
    Child(Box<Path>),
}

impl fmt::Display for PathPrimary {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Iri(iri) => write!(f, "{iri}"),
            Self::A => f.write_str(" a "),
            Self::Negated(n) => write!(f, "!{n}"),
            Self::Child(c) => write!(f, "({c})"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PathNegatedPropertySet {
    // [95]   PathNegatedPropertySet   ::=   PathOneInPropertySet | '(' ( PathOneInPropertySet ( '|' PathOneInPropertySet )* )? ')'
    Single(PathOneInPropertySet),
    Multiple {
        start: PathOneInPropertySet,
        others: Vec<PathOneInPropertySet>,
    },
}

impl fmt::Display for PathNegatedPropertySet {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Single(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::Multiple { start, others } => {
                write!(f, " ( {start}")?;
                for other in others {
                    write!(f, " | {other}")?;
                }
                f.write_str(" ) ")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PathOneInPropertySet {
    // [96]   PathOneInPropertySet   ::=   iri | 'a' | '^' ( iri | 'a' )
    Iri(Iri),
    A,
    NegatedIri(Iri),
    NegatedA,
}

impl fmt::Display for PathOneInPropertySet {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Iri(iri) => write!(f, "{iri}"),
            Self::A => f.write_str(" a "),
            Self::NegatedIri(iri) => write!(f, "^{iri}"),
            Self::NegatedA => f.write_str(" ^a "),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum TriplesNode {
    // [98]   TriplesNode   ::=   Collection | BlankNodePropertyList
    Collection(Collection),
    BlankNodePropertyList(BlankNodePropertyList),
}

impl fmt::Display for TriplesNode {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Collection(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::BlankNodePropertyList(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct BlankNodePropertyList {
    // [99]   BlankNodePropertyList   ::=   '[' PropertyListNotEmpty ']'
    inner: PropertyListNotEmpty,
}

impl fmt::Display for BlankNodePropertyList {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "[ {} ]", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum TriplesNodePath {
    // [100]   TriplesNodePath   ::=   CollectionPath | BlankNodePropertyListPath
    CollectionPath(CollectionPath),
    BlankNodePropertyListPath(BlankNodePropertyListPath),
}

impl fmt::Display for TriplesNodePath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::CollectionPath(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
            Self::BlankNodePropertyListPath(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct BlankNodePropertyListPath {
    // [101]   BlankNodePropertyListPath   ::=   '[' PropertyListPathNotEmpty ']'
    inner: PropertyListPathNotEmpty,
}

impl fmt::Display for BlankNodePropertyListPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "[ {} ]", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct Collection {
    // [102]   Collection   ::=   '(' GraphNode+ ')'
    start: Box<GraphNode>,
    others: Vec<GraphNode>,
}

impl fmt::Display for Collection {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "( {}", self.start)?;
        for e in &self.others {
            write!(f, " {e}")?;
        }
        f.write_str(" )")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct CollectionPath {
    // [103]   CollectionPath   ::=   '(' GraphNodePath+ ')'
    start: Box<GraphNodePath>,
    others: Vec<GraphNodePath>,
}

impl fmt::Display for CollectionPath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "( {}", self.start)?;
        for e in &self.others {
            write!(f, " {e}")?;
        }
        f.write_str(" )")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphNode {
    // [104]   GraphNode   ::=   VarOrTerm | TriplesNode
    VarOrTerm(VarOrTerm),
    TriplesNode(TriplesNode),
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphNode {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::VarOrTerm(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
            Self::TriplesNode(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphNodePath {
    // [105]   GraphNodePath   ::=   VarOrTerm | TriplesNodePath
    VarOrTerm(VarOrTerm),
    TriplesNodePath(TriplesNodePath),
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphNodePath {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::VarOrTerm(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
            Self::TriplesNodePath(p) => write!(f, "{p}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum VarOrTerm {
    // [106]   VarOrTerm   ::=   Var | GraphTerm
    Var(Var),
    GraphTerm(GraphTerm),
}

impl fmt::Display for VarOrTerm {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Var(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
            Self::GraphTerm(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum VarOrIri {
    // [107]   VarOrIri   ::=   Var | iri
    Var(Var),
    Iri(Iri),
}

impl fmt::Display for VarOrIri {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Var(v) => write!(f, "{v}"),
            Self::Iri(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
        }
    }
}

struct Var {
    // [108]   Var   ::=   VAR1 | VAR2
    value: u8,
}

impl Arbitrary<'_> for Var {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            value: u.int_in_range(1..=NUMBER_OF_VARIABLES)?,
        })
    }

    fn size_hint(depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        <u8 as Arbitrary>::size_hint(depth)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Var {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " ?{} ", self.value)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum GraphTerm {
    // [109]   GraphTerm   ::=   iri | RDFLiteral | NumericLiteral | BooleanLiteral | BlankNode | NIL
    Iri(Iri),
    Literal(Literal),
    Nil,
    // TODO: BlankNode
}

impl fmt::Display for GraphTerm {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Iri(iri) => write!(f, "{iri}"),
            Self::Literal(l) => write!(f, "{l}"),
            Self::Nil => f.write_str(" () "),
        }
    }
}

// [110]   Expression   ::=   ConditionalOrExpression
type Expression = ConditionalOrExpression;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ConditionalOrExpression {
    // [111]   ConditionalOrExpression   ::=   ConditionalAndExpression ( '||' ConditionalAndExpression )*
    start: ConditionalAndExpression,
    others: Vec<ConditionalAndExpression>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ConditionalOrExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for e in &self.others {
            write!(f, " || {e}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ConditionalAndExpression {
    // [112]   ConditionalAndExpression   ::=   ValueLogical ( '&&' ValueLogical )*
    start: ValueLogical,
    others: Vec<ValueLogical>,
}

impl fmt::Display for ConditionalAndExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.start)?;
        for e in &self.others {
            write!(f, " && {e}")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

// [113]   ValueLogical   ::=   RelationalExpression
type ValueLogical = RelationalExpression;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum RelationalExpression {
    // [114]   RelationalExpression   ::=   NumericExpression ( '=' NumericExpression | '!=' NumericExpression | '<' NumericExpression | '>' NumericExpression | '<=' NumericExpression | '>=' NumericExpression | 'IN' ExpressionList | 'NOT' 'IN' ExpressionList )?
    Base(NumericExpression),
    Equal(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    NotEqual(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    Less(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    LessOrEqual(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    Greater(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    GreaterOrEqual(NumericExpression, NumericExpression),
    In(NumericExpression, ExpressionList),
    NotIn(NumericExpression, ExpressionList),
}

impl fmt::Display for RelationalExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Base(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Equal(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} = {b}"),
            Self::NotEqual(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} != {b}"),
            Self::Less(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} < {b}"),
            Self::LessOrEqual(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} <= {b}"),
            Self::Greater(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} > {b}"),
            Self::GreaterOrEqual(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} >= {b}"),
            Self::In(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} IN {b}"),
            Self::NotIn(a, b) => write!(f, "{a} NOT IN {b}"),
        }
    }
}

// [115]   NumericExpression   ::=   AdditiveExpression
type NumericExpression = AdditiveExpression;

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct AdditiveExpression {
    // [116]   AdditiveExpression   ::=   MultiplicativeExpression ( '+' MultiplicativeExpression | '-' MultiplicativeExpression | ( NumericLiteralPositive | NumericLiteralNegative ) ( ( '*' UnaryExpression ) | ( '/' UnaryExpression ) )* )*
    base: MultiplicativeExpression,
    elements: Vec<AdditiveExpressionElements>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum AdditiveExpressionElements {
    Plus(MultiplicativeExpression),
    Minus(MultiplicativeExpression),
    // NumericLiteralPositive | NumericLiteralNegative are already covered by UnaryExpression, we don't need to disambiguate
}

impl fmt::Display for AdditiveExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.base)?;
        for element in &self.elements {
            match element {
                AdditiveExpressionElements::Plus(e) => write!(f, " + {e}"),
                AdditiveExpressionElements::Minus(e) => write!(f, " - {e}"),
            }?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct MultiplicativeExpression {
    // [117]   MultiplicativeExpression   ::=   UnaryExpression ( '*' UnaryExpression | '/' UnaryExpression )*
    base: UnaryExpression,
    elements: Vec<MultiplicativeExpressionElements>,
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum MultiplicativeExpressionElements {
    Mul(UnaryExpression),
    Div(UnaryExpression),
}

impl fmt::Display for MultiplicativeExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.base)?;
        for element in &self.elements {
            match element {
                MultiplicativeExpressionElements::Mul(e) => write!(f, " * {e}"),
                MultiplicativeExpressionElements::Div(e) => write!(f, " / {e}"),
            }?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum UnaryExpression {
    // [135]   	UnaryExpression 	  ::=   	  '!' UnaryExpression | '+' PrimaryExpression | '-' PrimaryExpression | PrimaryExpression
    Not(Box<UnaryExpression>),
    Plus(PrimaryExpression),
    Minus(PrimaryExpression),
    Base(PrimaryExpression),
}

impl fmt::Display for UnaryExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Not(e) => write!(f, "!{e}"),
            Self::Plus(e) => write!(f, "+{e}"),
            Self::Minus(e) => write!(f, "-{e}"),
            Self::Base(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
        }
    }
}

#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum PrimaryExpression {
    // [119]   PrimaryExpression   ::=   BrackettedExpression | BuiltInCall | iriOrFunction | RDFLiteral | NumericLiteral | BooleanLiteral | Var
    Bracketted(BrackettedExpression),
    BuiltInCall(BuiltInCall),
    IriOrFunction(IriOrFunction),
    Literal(Literal),
    Var(Var),
}

impl fmt::Display for PrimaryExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Bracketted(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::BuiltInCall(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::IriOrFunction(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Literal(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Var(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct BrackettedExpression {
    // [120]   BrackettedExpression   ::=   '(' Expression ')'
    inner: Box<Expression>,
}

impl fmt::Display for BrackettedExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "({})", self.inner)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum BuiltInCall {
    // [121]   BuiltInCall   ::=     Aggregate
    //   | 'STR' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'LANG' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'LANGMATCHES' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'DATATYPE' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'BOUND' '(' Var ')'
    //   | 'IRI' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'URI' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'BNODE' ( '(' Expression ')' | NIL )
    //   | 'RAND' NIL
    //   | 'ABS' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'CEIL' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'FLOOR' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'ROUND' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'CONCAT' ExpressionList
    //   | SubstringExpression
    //   | 'STRLEN' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | StrReplaceExpression
    //   | 'UCASE' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'LCASE' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'ENCODE_FOR_URI' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'CONTAINS' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRSTARTS' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRENDS' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRBEFORE' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRAFTER' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'YEAR' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'MONTH' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'DAY' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'HOURS' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'MINUTES' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'SECONDS' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'TIMEZONE' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'TZ' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'NOW' NIL
    //   | 'UUID' NIL
    //   | 'STRUUID' NIL
    //   | 'MD5' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'SHA1' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'SHA256' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'SHA384' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'SHA512' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'COALESCE' ExpressionList
    //   | 'IF' '(' Expression ',' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRLANG' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'STRDT' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'sameTerm' '(' Expression ',' Expression ')'
    //   | 'isIRI' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'isURI' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'isBLANK' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'isLITERAL' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | 'isNUMERIC' '(' Expression ')'
    //   | RegexExpression
    //   | ExistsFunc
    //   | NotExistsFunc
    Str(Box<Expression>),
    Lang(Box<Expression>),
    LangMatches(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    Datatype(Box<Expression>),
    Bound(Var),
    Iri(Box<Expression>),
    Uri(Box<Expression>),
    BNode(Box<Expression>), // TODO: no arg
    // TODO Rand,
    Abs(Box<Expression>),
    Ceil(Box<Expression>),
    Floor(Box<Expression>),
    Round(Box<Expression>),
    Concat(ExpressionList),
    Substring(SubstringExpression),
    Strlen(Box<Expression>),
    StrReplace(StrReplaceExpression),
    UCase(Box<Expression>),
    LCase(Box<Expression>),
    EncodeForUri(Box<Expression>),
    Contains(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrStarts(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrEnds(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrBefore(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrAfter(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    Year(Box<Expression>),
    Month(Box<Expression>),
    Day(Box<Expression>),
    Hours(Box<Expression>),
    Minutes(Box<Expression>),
    Seconds(Box<Expression>),
    Timezone(Box<Expression>),
    Tz(Box<Expression>),
    // TODO NOW,
    // TODO UUID
    // TODO STRUUID
    MD5(Box<Expression>),
    SHA1(Box<Expression>),
    SHA256(Box<Expression>),
    SHA384(Box<Expression>),
    SHA512(Box<Expression>),
    Coalesce(ExpressionList),
    If(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrLang(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    StrDt(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    SameTerm(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
    IsIri(Box<Expression>),
    IsBlank(Box<Expression>),
    IsLiteral(Box<Expression>),
    IsNumeric(Box<Expression>),
    Regex(RegexExpression),
    Exists(ExistsFunc),
    NotExists(NotExistsFunc),
}

impl fmt::Display for BuiltInCall {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Str(v) => write!(f, "STR({v})"),
            Self::Lang(v) => write!(f, "LANG({v})"),
            Self::LangMatches(a, b) => write!(f, "LangMatches({a}, {b})"),
            Self::Datatype(v) => write!(f, "DATATYPE({v})"),
            Self::Bound(v) => write!(f, "BOUND({v})"),
            Self::Iri(v) => write!(f, "IRI({v})"),
            Self::Uri(e) => write!(f, "URI({e})"),
            Self::BNode(v) => write!(f, "BNODE({v})"),
            Self::Abs(e) => write!(f, "ABS({e})"),
            Self::Ceil(e) => write!(f, "CEIL({e})"),
            Self::Floor(e) => write!(f, "FLOOR({e})"),
            Self::Round(e) => write!(f, "ROUND({e})"),
            Self::Concat(e) => write!(f, "CONCAT({e})"),
            Self::Strlen(e) => write!(f, "STRLEN({e})"),
            Self::UCase(e) => write!(f, "UCASE({e})"),
            Self::LCase(e) => write!(f, "LCASE({e})"),
            Self::EncodeForUri(e) => write!(f, "ENCODE_FOR_URI({e})"),
            Self::Contains(a, b) => write!(f, "CONTAINS({a}, {b})"),
            Self::StrStarts(a, b) => write!(f, "STRSTARTS({a}, {b})"),
            Self::StrEnds(a, b) => write!(f, "STRENDS({a}, {b})"),
            Self::StrBefore(a, b) => write!(f, "STRBEFORE({a}, {b})"),
            Self::StrAfter(a, b) => write!(f, "STRAFTER({a}, {b})"),
            Self::Year(e) => write!(f, "YEAR({e})"),
            Self::Month(e) => write!(f, "MONTH({e})"),
            Self::Day(e) => write!(f, "DAY({e})"),
            Self::Hours(e) => write!(f, "HOURS({e})"),
            Self::Minutes(e) => write!(f, "MINUTES({e})"),
            Self::Seconds(e) => write!(f, "SECONDS({e})"),
            Self::Timezone(e) => write!(f, "TIMEZONE({e})"),
            Self::Tz(e) => write!(f, "TZ({e})"),
            Self::MD5(e) => write!(f, "MD5({e})"),
            Self::SHA1(e) => write!(f, "SH1({e})"),
            Self::SHA256(e) => write!(f, "SHA256({e})"),
            Self::SHA384(e) => write!(f, "SHA384({e})"),
            Self::SHA512(e) => write!(f, "SHA512({e})"),
            Self::Coalesce(vs) => write!(f, "COALESCE{vs}"),
            Self::If(a, b, c) => write!(f, "IF({a}, {b}, {c})"),
            Self::StrLang(a, b) => write!(f, "STRLANG({a}, {b})"),
            Self::StrDt(a, b) => write!(f, "STRDT({a}, {b})"),
            Self::SameTerm(a, b) => write!(f, "sameTerm({a}, {b})"),
            Self::IsIri(e) => write!(f, "isIRI({e})"),
            Self::IsBlank(e) => write!(f, "isBlank({e})"),
            Self::IsLiteral(e) => write!(f, "isLiteral({e})"),
            Self::IsNumeric(e) => write!(f, "isNumeric({e})"),
            Self::Exists(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::NotExists(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Substring(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::StrReplace(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
            Self::Regex(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct RegexExpression {
    // [122]  	RegexExpression	  ::=  	'REGEX' '(' Expression ',' Expression ( ',' Expression )? ')'
    arg1: Box<Expression>,
    arg2: Box<Expression>,
    arg3: Option<Box<Expression>>,
}

impl fmt::Display for RegexExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "REGEX({}, {}", self.arg1, self.arg2)?;
        if let Some(arg3) = &self.arg3 {
            write!(f, ", {arg3}")?;
        }
        write!(f, ")")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct SubstringExpression {
    // [123]  	SubstringExpression	  ::=  	'SUBSTR' '(' Expression ',' Expression ( ',' Expression )? ')'
    arg1: Box<Expression>,
    arg2: Box<Expression>,
    arg3: Option<Box<Expression>>,
}

impl fmt::Display for SubstringExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "SUBSTR({}, {}", self.arg1, self.arg2)?;
        if let Some(arg3) = &self.arg3 {
            write!(f, ", {arg3}")?;
        }
        write!(f, ")")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct StrReplaceExpression {
    // [124]  	StrReplaceExpression	  ::=  	'REPLACE' '(' Expression ',' Expression ',' Expression ( ',' Expression )? ')'
    arg1: Box<Expression>,
    arg2: Box<Expression>,
    arg3: Box<Expression>,
    arg4: Option<Box<Expression>>,
}

impl fmt::Display for StrReplaceExpression {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "SUBSTR({}, {}, {}", self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3)?;
        if let Some(arg4) = &self.arg4 {
            write!(f, ", {arg4}")?;
        }
        write!(f, ")")
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct ExistsFunc {
    // [125]   ExistsFunc   ::=   'EXISTS' GroupGraphPattern
    pattern: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for ExistsFunc {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "EXISTS {}", self.pattern)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
struct NotExistsFunc {
    // [126]   NotExistsFunc   ::=   'NOT' 'EXISTS' GroupGraphPattern
    pattern: GroupGraphPattern,
}

impl fmt::Display for NotExistsFunc {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "NOT EXISTS {}", self.pattern)
    }
}

#[derive(Arbitrary)]
enum IriOrFunction {
    // [128]   iriOrFunction   ::=   iri ArgList?
    Iri(Iri),
    Function(FunctionCall),
}

impl fmt::Display for IriOrFunction {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            IriOrFunction::Iri(i) => write!(f, "{i}"),
            IriOrFunction::Function(func) => write!(f, "{func}"),
        }
    }
}

struct Literal {
    // [129]   RDFLiteral               ::=   String ( LANGTAG | ( '^^' iri ) )?
    // [130]   NumericLiteral           ::=   NumericLiteralUnsigned | NumericLiteralPositive | NumericLiteralNegative
    // [131]   NumericLiteralUnsigned   ::=   INTEGER | DECIMAL | DOUBLE
    // [132]   NumericLiteralPositive   ::=   INTEGER_POSITIVE | DECIMAL_POSITIVE | DOUBLE_POSITIVE
    // [133]   NumericLiteralNegative   ::=   INTEGER_NEGATIVE | DECIMAL_NEGATIVE | DOUBLE_NEGATIVE
    // [134]   BooleanLiteral           ::=   'true' | 'false'
    value: &'static str,
}

impl Arbitrary<'_> for Literal {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            value: u.choose(LITERALS.as_slice())?,
        })
    }

    fn size_hint(depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        <u8 as Arbitrary>::size_hint(depth)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Literal {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.value)
    }
}

struct Iri {
    // [136]   iri   ::=   IRIREF | PrefixedName
    value: u8,
}

impl Arbitrary<'_> for Iri {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            value: u.int_in_range(1..=NUMBER_OF_NAMED_NODES)?,
        })
    }

    fn size_hint(depth: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        <u8 as Arbitrary>::size_hint(depth)
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Iri {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, " <http://example.org/{}> ", self.value)
    }
}