sounding_analysis/

sounding.rs

//! Data type and methods to store an atmospheric sounding.

use chrono::NaiveDateTime;
use metfor::{Celsius, HectoPascal, Kelvin, Knots, Meters, Mm, PaPS, Quantity, WindSpdDir};
use optional::Optioned;

pub use self::{data_row::DataRow, station_info::StationInfo};

/// All the variables stored in the sounding.
///
/// The upper air profile variables are stored in parallel vectors. If a profile lacks a certain
/// variable, e.g. cloud fraction, that whole vector has length 0 instead of being full of missing
/// values.
///
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Sounding {
    // Description of the source of the sounding.
    source: Option<String>,

    // Station info
    station: StationInfo,

    // Valid time of sounding
    valid_time: Option<NaiveDateTime>,
    // Difference in model initialization time and `valid_time` in hours.
    lead_time: Optioned<i32>,

    // Profiles
    pressure: Vec<Optioned<HectoPascal>>,
    temperature: Vec<Optioned<Celsius>>,
    wet_bulb: Vec<Optioned<Celsius>>,
    dew_point: Vec<Optioned<Celsius>>,
    theta_e: Vec<Optioned<Kelvin>>,
    wind: Vec<Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>>>,
    pvv: Vec<Optioned<PaPS>>,
    height: Vec<Optioned<Meters>>,
    cloud_fraction: Vec<Optioned<f64>>,

    // Surface variables
    mslp: Optioned<HectoPascal>,
    station_pressure: Optioned<HectoPascal>,
    sfc_temperature: Optioned<Celsius>,
    sfc_dew_point: Optioned<Celsius>,
    low_cloud: Optioned<f64>,
    mid_cloud: Optioned<f64>,
    high_cloud: Optioned<f64>,
    precipitation: Optioned<Mm>,
    sfc_wind: Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>>,
}

macro_rules! make_profile_setter {
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* => $name:tt, $sfc_val:ident, $inner_type:tt, $p_var:ident) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub fn $name(self, mut profile: Vec<Optioned<$inner_type>>) -> Self {
            if !profile.is_empty() {
                profile.insert(0, self.$sfc_val);
            }
            Self {$p_var: profile, ..self}
        }
    };
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* => $name:tt, $method:ident(), $inner_type:tt, $p_var:ident) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub fn $name(self, mut profile: Vec<Optioned<$inner_type>>) -> Self {
            if !profile.is_empty() {
                profile.insert(0, self.$method().into());
            }
            Self {$p_var: profile, ..self}
        }
    };
    ($(#[$attr:meta])* => $name:tt, $sfc_val:expr, $inner_type:tt, $p_var:ident) => {
        $(#[$attr])*
        pub fn $name(self, mut profile: Vec<Optioned<$inner_type>>) -> Self {
            if !profile.is_empty() {
                profile.insert(0, $sfc_val);
            }
            Self {$p_var: profile, ..self}
        }
    };
}

impl Sounding {
    /// Create a new sounding with default values. This is a proxy for default with a clearer name.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new();
    /// println!("{:?}", snd);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Sounding::default()
    }

    /// Add a source description to this sounding.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new().with_source_description("An empty sounding.".to_owned());
    /// let snd = snd.with_source_description(
    ///     Some("Still empty, just added a description.".to_owned()),
    /// );
    /// let _snd = snd.with_source_description(None);
    ///
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_source_description<S>(mut self, desc: S) -> Self
    where
        Option<String>: From<S>,
    {
        self.source = Option::from(desc);
        self
    }

    /// Retrieve a source description for this sounding.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new().with_source_description("An empty sounding.".to_owned());
    /// assert_eq!(snd.source_description().unwrap(), "An empty sounding.");
    ///
    /// let snd = snd.with_source_description(None);
    /// assert!(snd.source_description().is_none());
    ///
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn source_description(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.source.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_ref())
    }

    /// Builder function for setting the station info.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::{Sounding, StationInfo};
    ///
    /// let stn = StationInfo::new();
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_info(stn);
    ///
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_station_info(mut self, new_value: StationInfo) -> Self {
        self.station = new_value;
        self
    }

    /// Get the station info
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::StationInfo;
    /// # use sounding_analysis::doctest::make_test_sounding;
    ///
    /// let snd = make_test_sounding();
    /// let stn: &StationInfo = snd.station_info();
    ///
    /// println!("{:?}", stn);
    ///
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn station_info(&self) -> &StationInfo {
        &self.station
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the pressure profile.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        /// ```rust
        /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
        /// use metfor::HectoPascal;
        /// use optional::{some, Optioned};
        ///
        /// let data = vec![1000.0, 925.0, 850.0, 700.0, 500.0, 300.0, 250.0, 200.0, 150.0, 100.0];
        /// let pressure_data: Vec<Optioned<HectoPascal>> = data.into_iter()
        ///     .map(HectoPascal)
        ///     .map(some)
        ///     .collect();
        ///
        /// let _snd = Sounding::new()
        ///     .with_pressure_profile(pressure_data);
        /// ```
        #[inline]
        => with_pressure_profile, station_pressure, HectoPascal, pressure
    );

    /// Get the pressure profile
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// # use sounding_analysis::doctest::make_test_sounding;
    ///
    /// let snd = make_test_sounding();
    /// let data = snd.pressure_profile();
    ///
    /// for p in data {
    ///     if let Some(p) = p.into_option() {
    ///         println!("{:?}", p);
    ///     } else {
    ///         println!("missing value!");
    ///     }
    /// }
    ///
    /// // Uninitialized profiles just return an empty vector.
    /// let snd = Sounding::new();
    /// let data = snd.pressure_profile();
    /// assert!(data.is_empty());
    ///
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn pressure_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<HectoPascal>] {
        &self.pressure
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the temperature profile.
        ///
        /// See `with_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_temperature_profile, sfc_temperature, Celsius, temperature
    );

    /// Get the temperature profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn temperature_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<Celsius>] {
        &self.temperature
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the dew point profile.
        ///
        /// See `with_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_dew_point_profile, sfc_dew_point, Celsius, dew_point
    );

    /// Get the dew point profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn dew_point_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<Celsius>] {
        &self.dew_point
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the wet bulb profile.
        ///
        /// See `with_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_wet_bulb_profile, surface_wet_bulb(), Celsius, wet_bulb
    );

    /// Get the wet bulb temperature profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn wet_bulb_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<Celsius>] {
        &self.wet_bulb
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the theta e profile.
        ///
        /// See `with_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_theta_e_profile, surface_theta_e(), Kelvin, theta_e
    );

    /// Get the equivalent potential temperature profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn theta_e_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<Kelvin>] {
        &self.theta_e
    }

    /// Builder method for the wind profile.
    ///
    /// See `set_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_wind_profile(self, mut profile: Vec<Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>>>) -> Self {
        if !profile.is_empty() {
            profile.insert(0, self.sfc_wind);
        }
        Self {
            wind: profile,
            ..self
        }
    }

    /// Get the wind profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn wind_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>>] {
        &self.wind
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the pressure vertical velocity profile.
        ///
        /// See `set_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_pvv_profile, optional::some(PaPS(0.0)), PaPS, pvv
    );

    /// Get the pressure vertical velocity profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn pvv_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<PaPS>] {
        &self.pvv
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the geopotential height profile.
        ///
        /// See `set_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_height_profile, surface_height(), Meters, height
    );

    /// Get the geopotential height profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn height_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<Meters>] {
        &self.height
    }

    make_profile_setter!(
        /// Builder method for the cloud cover profile.
        ///
        /// See `set_pressure_profile` for an example of usage, keeping in mind the units type may
        /// be different.
        #[inline]
        => with_cloud_fraction_profile, optional::some(0.0), f64, cloud_fraction
    );

    /// Get the cloud fraction profile.
    ///
    /// See `pressure_profile` for an example of using getters, keeping in mind the units type may
    /// be different.
    #[inline]
    pub fn cloud_fraction_profile(&self) -> &[Optioned<f64>] {
        &self.cloud_fraction
    }

    /// Builder method for the mean sea level pressure.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use metfor::{HectoPascal, Millibar};
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(HectoPascal(1021.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(some(HectoPascal(1021.5)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(none::<HectoPascal>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(Millibar(1021.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(some(Millibar(1021.5)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mslp(none::<Millibar>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_mslp<T, U>(mut self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + metfor::Pressure,
        HectoPascal: From<U>,
    {
        let pressure: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let pressure: Optioned<HectoPascal> = pressure.map_t(HectoPascal::from);
        self.mslp = pressure;
        self
    }

    /// Get the mean sea level pressure
    #[inline]
    pub fn mslp(&self) -> Optioned<HectoPascal> {
        self.mslp
    }

    /// Biulder method for the station pressure.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use metfor::{HectoPascal, Millibar};
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(HectoPascal(1021.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(some(HectoPascal(1021.5)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(none::<HectoPascal>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(Millibar(1021.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(some(Millibar(1021.5)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_station_pressure(none::<Millibar>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_station_pressure<T, U>(mut self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + metfor::Pressure,
        HectoPascal: From<U>,
    {
        let pressure: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let pressure: Optioned<HectoPascal> = pressure.map_t(HectoPascal::from);

        // Add it in to the profile.
        if !self.pressure.is_empty() {
            self.pressure[0] = pressure;
        }

        self.station_pressure = pressure;
        self.update_sfc_wet_bulb_theta_e(); // updates wet bulb and theta_e profiles
        self
    }

    /// Get the mean sea level pressure.
    #[inline]
    pub fn station_pressure(&self) -> Optioned<HectoPascal> {
        self.station_pressure
    }

    /// Builder method the surface temperature.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use metfor::{Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin};
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(Celsius(20.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(some(Celsius(20.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(none::<Celsius>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(Kelvin(290.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(some(Kelvin(290.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(none::<Kelvin>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(Fahrenheit(72.1));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(some(Fahrenheit(72.1)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_temperature(none::<Fahrenheit>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_sfc_temperature<T, U>(mut self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + metfor::Temperature,
        Celsius: From<U>,
    {
        let sfc_temperature: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let sfc_temperature: Optioned<Celsius> = sfc_temperature.map_t(Celsius::from);

        // Add it in to the profile.
        if !self.temperature.is_empty() {
            self.temperature[0] = sfc_temperature;
        }

        self.sfc_temperature = sfc_temperature;
        self.update_sfc_wet_bulb_theta_e(); // updates wet bulb and theta_e profiles
        self
    }

    /// Get the surface temperature.
    #[inline]
    pub fn sfc_temperature(&self) -> Optioned<Celsius> {
        self.sfc_temperature
    }

    /// Set the surface dew point.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use metfor::{Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin};
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(Celsius(20.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(some(Celsius(20.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(none::<Celsius>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(Kelvin(290.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(some(Kelvin(290.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(none::<Kelvin>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(Fahrenheit(72.1));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(some(Fahrenheit(72.1)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_dew_point(none::<Fahrenheit>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_sfc_dew_point<T, U>(mut self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + metfor::Temperature,
        Celsius: From<U>,
    {
        let sfc_dew_point: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let sfc_dew_point: Optioned<Celsius> = sfc_dew_point.map_t(Celsius::from);

        // Add it in to the profile.
        if !self.dew_point.is_empty() {
            self.dew_point[0] = sfc_dew_point;
        }

        self.sfc_dew_point = sfc_dew_point;
        self.update_sfc_wet_bulb_theta_e(); // updates wet bulb and theta_e profiles
        self
    }

    /// Get the surface dew point.
    #[inline]
    pub fn sfc_dew_point(&self) -> Optioned<Celsius> {
        self.sfc_dew_point
    }

    /// Set the surface wind.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use metfor::{WindSpdDir, WindUV, Knots, MetersPSec};
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_sfc_wind(WindSpdDir{speed: Knots(10.0), direction: 270.0});
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_sfc_wind(some(WindSpdDir{speed: Knots(10.0), direction: 270.0}));
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_wind(none::<WindSpdDir<_>>());
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_sfc_wind(some(WindUV{u: MetersPSec(-7.3), v: MetersPSec(5.2)}));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_sfc_wind(WindUV{u: MetersPSec(-7.3), v: MetersPSec(5.2)});
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_sfc_wind(none::<WindUV<MetersPSec>>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_sfc_wind<T, U>(mut self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + Copy,
        WindSpdDir<Knots>: From<U>,
    {
        let sfc_wind: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let sfc_wind: Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>> = sfc_wind.map_t(WindSpdDir::from);

        if !self.wind.is_empty() {
            self.wind[0] = sfc_wind;
        }

        Self { sfc_wind, ..self }
    }

    /// Get the surface wind.
    #[inline]
    pub fn sfc_wind(&self) -> Optioned<WindSpdDir<Knots>> {
        self.sfc_wind
    }

    /// Builder method for the precipitation.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use metfor::{Inches, Mm, Cm};
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(Inches(1.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(some(Inches(1.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(none::<Inches>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(some(Cm(2.5)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(Cm(2.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(none::<Cm>());
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(some(Mm(25.0)));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(Mm(25.0));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_precipitation(none::<Mm>());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_precipitation<T, U>(self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<U>: From<T>,
        U: optional::Noned + metfor::Length,
        Mm: From<U>,
    {
        let precipitation: Optioned<U> = Optioned::from(value);
        let precipitation: Optioned<Mm> = precipitation.map_t(Mm::from);

        Self {
            precipitation,
            ..self
        }
    }

    /// Get the precipitation.
    #[inline]
    pub fn precipitation(&self) -> Optioned<Mm> {
        self.precipitation
    }

    /// Builder method for the low cloud amount in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_low_cloud(0.5);
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_low_cloud(some(0.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_low_cloud(none());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_low_cloud<T>(self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<f64>: From<T>,
    {
        let low_cloud: Optioned<f64> = Optioned::from(value);

        debug_assert!({
            if let Some(cld) = low_cloud.into_option() {
                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&cld)
            } else {
                true
            }
        });

        Self { low_cloud, ..self }
    }

    /// Get the low cloud
    #[inline]
    pub fn low_cloud(&self) -> Optioned<f64> {
        self.low_cloud
    }

    /// Builder method for the mid cloud amount in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mid_cloud(0.5);
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mid_cloud(some(0.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_mid_cloud(none());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_mid_cloud<T>(self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<f64>: From<T>,
    {
        let mid_cloud: Optioned<f64> = Optioned::from(value);

        debug_assert!({
            if let Some(cld) = mid_cloud.into_option() {
                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&cld)
            } else {
                true
            }
        });

        Self { mid_cloud, ..self }
    }

    /// Get the mid cloud
    #[inline]
    pub fn mid_cloud(&self) -> Optioned<f64> {
        self.mid_cloud
    }

    /// Builder method for the high cloud amount in the range 0.0 to 1.0.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use optional::{some, none};
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_high_cloud(0.5);
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_high_cloud(some(0.5));
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_high_cloud(none());
    ///```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_high_cloud<T>(self, value: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<f64>: From<T>,
    {
        let high_cloud: Optioned<f64> = Optioned::from(value);

        debug_assert!({
            if let Some(cld) = high_cloud.into_option() {
                (0.0..=1.0).contains(&cld)
            } else {
                true
            }
        });

        Self { high_cloud, ..self }
    }

    /// Get the high cloud
    #[inline]
    pub fn high_cloud(&self) -> Optioned<f64> {
        self.high_cloud
    }

    /// Difference in model initialization time and `valid_time` in hours.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_lead_time(24);
    /// let snd = Sounding::new().with_lead_time(Some(24));
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(snd.lead_time().unwrap(), 24);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_lead_time<T>(mut self, lt: T) -> Self
    where
        Optioned<i32>: From<T>,
    {
        self.lead_time = Optioned::from(lt);
        self
    }

    /// Difference in model initialization time and `valid_time` in hours.
    #[inline]
    pub fn lead_time(&self) -> Optioned<i32> {
        self.lead_time
    }

    /// Valid time of the sounding.
    #[inline]
    pub fn valid_time(&self) -> Option<NaiveDateTime> {
        self.valid_time
    }

    /// Builder method to set the valid time of the sounding.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```rust
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let vtime = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2019, 1, 1).unwrap().and_hms_opt(12, 0, 0).unwrap();
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_valid_time(vtime);
    /// let _snd = Sounding::new().with_valid_time(Some(vtime));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_valid_time<T>(mut self, valid_time: T) -> Self
    where
        Option<NaiveDateTime>: From<T>,
    {
        self.valid_time = Option::from(valid_time);
        self
    }

    /// Get a bottom up iterator over the data rows. The first value returned from the iterator is
    /// surface values.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use metfor::{HectoPascal, Millibar, Celsius};
    /// use optional::some;
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let pres: Vec<_> = vec![1000.0, 925.0, 850.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(HectoPascal).map(some).collect();
    /// let temps: Vec<_> = vec![20.0, 18.0, 17.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(Celsius).map(some).collect();
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_pressure_profile(pres)
    ///     .with_temperature_profile(temps)
    ///     .with_station_pressure(Millibar(1014.0));
    ///
    /// let mut iter = snd.bottom_up();
    ///
    /// let mut row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1014.0)); // Surface values first!
    /// assert!(row.temperature.is_none());  // We never set a surface temprature!
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1000.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(20.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(925.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(18.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(850.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(17.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// let row_opt = iter.next();
    /// assert!(row_opt.is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn bottom_up(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DataRow> + '_ {
        ProfileIterator {
            next_idx: 0,
            direction: 1,
            src: self,
        }
    }

    /// Get a top down iterator over the data rows. The last value returned is the surface values.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use metfor::{HectoPascal, Millibar, Celsius};
    /// use optional::some;
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let pres: Vec<_> = vec![1000.0, 925.0, 850.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(HectoPascal).map(some).collect();
    /// let temps: Vec<_> = vec![20.0, 18.0, 17.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(Celsius).map(some).collect();
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_pressure_profile(pres)
    ///     .with_temperature_profile(temps)
    ///     .with_station_pressure(Millibar(1014.0));
    ///
    /// let mut iter = snd.top_down();
    ///
    /// let mut row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(850.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(17.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(925.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(18.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1000.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(20.0));
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// row = iter.next().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1014.0)); // Surface values first!
    /// assert!(row.temperature.is_none());  // We never set a surface temprature!
    /// assert!(row.wind.is_none()); // We never set wind profile.
    ///
    /// let row_opt = iter.next();
    /// assert!(row_opt.is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn top_down(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DataRow> + '_ {
        let next_idx: isize = if self.pressure.len() > 0 {
            (self.pressure.len() - 1) as isize
        } else {
            -1
        };

        ProfileIterator {
            next_idx,
            direction: -1,
            src: self,
        }
    }

    /// Get a row of data values from this sounding.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use metfor::{HectoPascal, Millibar, Celsius};
    /// use optional::some;
    /// use sounding_analysis::Sounding;
    ///
    /// let pres: Vec<_> = vec![1000.0, 925.0, 850.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(HectoPascal).map(some).collect();
    /// let temps: Vec<_> = vec![20.0, 18.0, 17.0].into_iter()
    ///     .map(Celsius).map(some).collect();
    ///
    /// let snd = Sounding::new()
    ///     .with_pressure_profile(pres)
    ///     .with_temperature_profile(temps)
    ///     .with_station_pressure(Millibar(1014.0));
    ///
    /// let row = snd.data_row(0).unwrap(); // This is the surface
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1014.0));
    /// assert!(row.temperature.is_none()); // We never set a surface temperature.
    ///
    /// let row = snd.data_row(1).unwrap(); // This is the lowest layer above the surface.
    /// assert_eq!(row.pressure.unwrap(), HectoPascal(1000.0));
    /// assert_eq!(row.temperature.unwrap(), Celsius(20.0));
    ///
    /// assert!(snd.data_row(4).is_none()); // There weren't that many rows!
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn data_row(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<DataRow> {
        macro_rules! copy_to_result {
            ($result:ident, $profile:ident, $idx:ident) => {
                match self.$profile.get($idx) {
                    None => {}
                    Some(opt_val) => $result.$profile = *opt_val,
                }
            };
        }

        if idx >= self.pressure.len() {
            return None;
        }

        let mut result = DataRow::default();

        copy_to_result!(result, pressure, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, temperature, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, wet_bulb, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, dew_point, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, theta_e, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, wind, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, pvv, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, height, idx);
        copy_to_result!(result, cloud_fraction, idx);

        Some(result)
    }

    /// Get the surface values in a `DataRow` format.
    #[inline]
    pub fn surface_as_data_row(&self) -> Option<DataRow> {
        self.data_row(0)
    }

    /// Given a target pressure, return the row of data values closest to this one.
    pub fn fetch_nearest_pnt<P>(&self, target_p: P) -> DataRow
    where
        HectoPascal: From<P>,
        P: metfor::Pressure,
    {
        let tgt_p = HectoPascal::from(target_p);

        let mut idx: usize = 0;
        let mut best_abs_diff: f64 = ::std::f64::MAX;
        for (i, &p_opt) in self.pressure.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Some(p) = p_opt.into_option() {
                let abs_diff = (tgt_p.unpack() - p.unpack()).abs();
                if abs_diff < best_abs_diff {
                    best_abs_diff = abs_diff;
                    idx = i;
                }
                if abs_diff > best_abs_diff {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if idx == 0 {
            self.surface_as_data_row().unwrap()
        } else {
            self.data_row(idx - 1).unwrap()
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn surface_wet_bulb(&self) -> Option<Celsius> {
        let sfc_t = self.sfc_temperature.into_option()?;
        let sfc_p = self.station_pressure.into_option()?;
        let sfc_dp = self.sfc_dew_point.into_option()?;

        metfor::wet_bulb(sfc_t, sfc_dp, sfc_p)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn surface_theta_e(&self) -> Option<Kelvin> {
        let sfc_t = self.sfc_temperature.into_option()?;
        let sfc_p = self.station_pressure.into_option()?;
        let sfc_dp = self.sfc_dew_point.into_option()?;

        metfor::equiv_pot_temperature(sfc_t, sfc_dp, sfc_p)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn surface_height(&self) -> Option<Meters> {
        self.station_info().elevation().into_option()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn update_sfc_wet_bulb_theta_e(&mut self) {
        if let (Some(sfc_p), Some(sfc_t), Some(sfc_dp)) = (
            self.station_pressure.into_option(),
            self.sfc_temperature.into_option(),
            self.sfc_dew_point.into_option(),
        ) {
            if !self.wet_bulb.is_empty() {
                self.wet_bulb[0] = metfor::wet_bulb(sfc_t, sfc_dp, sfc_p).into();
            }

            if !self.theta_e.is_empty() {
                self.theta_e[0] = metfor::equiv_pot_temperature(sfc_t, sfc_dp, sfc_p).into();
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Iterator over the data rows of a sounding. This may be a top down or bottom up iterator where
/// either the last or first row returned is the surface data.
struct ProfileIterator<'a> {
    next_idx: isize,
    direction: isize, // +1 for bottom up, -1 for top down
    src: &'a Sounding,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for ProfileIterator<'a> {
    type Item = DataRow;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let result = self.src.data_row(self.next_idx as usize);
        self.next_idx += self.direction;
        result
    }
}

// FIXME: only configure for test and doc tests, not possible as of 1.41
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod doctest {
    use super::*;

    pub fn make_test_sounding() -> super::Sounding {
        use optional::some;

        let p = vec![
            some(HectoPascal(1000.0)),
            some(HectoPascal(925.0)),
            some(HectoPascal(850.0)),
            some(HectoPascal(700.0)),
        ];
        let t = vec![
            some(Celsius(20.0)),
            some(Celsius(18.0)),
            some(Celsius(10.0)),
            some(Celsius(2.0)),
        ];

        Sounding::new()
            .with_pressure_profile(p)
            .with_temperature_profile(t)
            .with_sfc_temperature(some(Celsius(21.0)))
            .with_station_pressure(some(HectoPascal(1005.0)))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_profile() {
        let snd = doctest::make_test_sounding();

        println!("snd = {:#?}", snd);
        assert!(snd.pressure_profile().iter().all(|t| t.is_some()));
        assert!(snd.temperature_profile().iter().all(|t| t.is_some()));
        assert_eq!(
            snd.pressure_profile()
                .iter()
                .filter(|p| p.is_some())
                .count(),
            5
        );

        assert_eq!(
            snd.temperature_profile()
                .iter()
                .filter(|t| t.is_some())
                .count(),
            5
        );
    }
}

mod data_row;
mod station_info;