Struct Message

pub struct Message {
    pub header: MessageHeader,
    pub account_keys: Vec<Pubkey>,
    pub recent_blockhash: Hash,
    pub instructions: Vec<CompiledInstruction>,
}

A Solana transaction message (legacy).

See the message module documentation for further description.

Some constructors accept an optional payer, the account responsible for paying the cost of executing a transaction. In most cases, callers should specify the payer explicitly in these constructors. In some cases though, the caller is not required to specify the payer, but is still allowed to: in the Message structure, the first account is always the fee-payer, so if the caller has knowledge that the first account of the constructed transaction’s Message is both a signer and the expected fee-payer, then redundantly specifying the fee-payer is not strictly required.

Fields

header: MessageHeader

The message header, identifying signed and read-only account_keys.

account_keys: Vec<Pubkey>

All the account keys used by this transaction.

recent_blockhash: Hash

The id of a recent ledger entry.

instructions: Vec<CompiledInstruction>

Programs that will be executed in sequence and committed in one atomic transaction if all succeed.

Implementations

impl Message

pub fn new(instructions: &[Instruction], payer: Option<&Pubkey>) -> Message

Create a new Message.

Examples

This example uses the solana_sdk, solana_rpc_client and anyhow crates.

use anyhow::Result;
use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    instruction::Instruction,
    message::Message,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    transaction::Transaction,
};

// A custom program instruction. This would typically be defined in
// another crate so it can be shared between the on-chain program and
// the client.
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
enum BankInstruction {
    Initialize,
    Deposit { lamports: u64 },
    Withdraw { lamports: u64 },
}

fn send_initialize_tx(
    client: &RpcClient,
    program_id: Pubkey,
    payer: &Keypair
) -> Result<()> {

    let bank_instruction = BankInstruction::Initialize;

    let instruction = Instruction::new_with_borsh(
        program_id,
        &bank_instruction,
        vec![],
    );

    let message = Message::new(
        &[instruction],
        Some(&payer.pubkey()),
    );

    let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
    let mut tx = Transaction::new(&[payer], message, blockhash);
    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;

    Ok(())
}

pub fn new_with_blockhash( instructions: &[Instruction], payer: Option<&Pubkey>, blockhash: &Hash, ) -> Message

Create a new message while setting the blockhash.

Examples

This example uses the solana_sdk, solana_rpc_client and anyhow crates.

use anyhow::Result;
use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    instruction::Instruction,
    message::Message,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    transaction::Transaction,
};

// A custom program instruction. This would typically be defined in
// another crate so it can be shared between the on-chain program and
// the client.
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
enum BankInstruction {
    Initialize,
    Deposit { lamports: u64 },
    Withdraw { lamports: u64 },
}

fn send_initialize_tx(
    client: &RpcClient,
    program_id: Pubkey,
    payer: &Keypair
) -> Result<()> {

    let bank_instruction = BankInstruction::Initialize;

    let instruction = Instruction::new_with_borsh(
        program_id,
        &bank_instruction,
        vec![],
    );

    let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    let message = Message::new_with_blockhash(
        &[instruction],
        Some(&payer.pubkey()),
        &blockhash,
    );

    let mut tx = Transaction::new_unsigned(message);
    tx.sign(&[payer], tx.message.recent_blockhash);
    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;

    Ok(())
}

pub fn new_with_nonce( instructions: Vec<Instruction>, payer: Option<&Pubkey>, nonce_account_pubkey: &Pubkey, nonce_authority_pubkey: &Pubkey, ) -> Message

Create a new message for a nonced transaction.

In this type of transaction, the blockhash is replaced with a durable transaction nonce, allowing for extended time to pass between the transaction’s signing and submission to the blockchain.

Examples

This example uses the solana_sdk, solana_rpc_client and anyhow crates.

use anyhow::Result;
use borsh::{BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize};
use solana_rpc_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    hash::Hash,
    instruction::Instruction,
    message::Message,
    nonce,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction,
    transaction::Transaction,
};

// A custom program instruction. This would typically be defined in
// another crate so it can be shared between the on-chain program and
// the client.
#[derive(BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
enum BankInstruction {
    Initialize,
    Deposit { lamports: u64 },
    Withdraw { lamports: u64 },
}

// Create a nonced transaction for later signing and submission,
// returning it and the nonce account's pubkey.
fn create_offline_initialize_tx(
    client: &RpcClient,
    program_id: Pubkey,
    payer: &Keypair
) -> Result<(Transaction, Pubkey)> {

    let bank_instruction = BankInstruction::Initialize;
    let bank_instruction = Instruction::new_with_borsh(
        program_id,
        &bank_instruction,
        vec![],
    );

    // This will create a nonce account and assign authority to the
    // payer so they can sign to advance the nonce and withdraw its rent.
    let nonce_account = make_nonce_account(client, payer)?;

    let mut message = Message::new_with_nonce(
        vec![bank_instruction],
        Some(&payer.pubkey()),
        &nonce_account,
        &payer.pubkey()
    );

    // This transaction will need to be signed later, using the blockhash
    // stored in the nonce account.
    let tx = Transaction::new_unsigned(message);

    Ok((tx, nonce_account))
}

fn make_nonce_account(client: &RpcClient, payer: &Keypair)
    -> Result<Pubkey>
{
    let nonce_account_address = Keypair::new();
    let nonce_account_size = nonce::State::size();
    let nonce_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(nonce_account_size)?;

    // Assigning the nonce authority to the payer so they can sign for the withdrawal,
    // and we can throw away the nonce address secret key.
    let create_nonce_instr = system_instruction::create_nonce_account(
        &payer.pubkey(),
        &nonce_account_address.pubkey(),
        &payer.pubkey(),
        nonce_rent,
    );

    let mut nonce_tx = Transaction::new_with_payer(&create_nonce_instr, Some(&payer.pubkey()));
    let blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
    nonce_tx.sign(&[&payer, &nonce_account_address], blockhash);
    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&nonce_tx)?;

    Ok(nonce_account_address.pubkey())
}

pub fn new_with_compiled_instructions( num_required_signatures: u8, num_readonly_signed_accounts: u8, num_readonly_unsigned_accounts: u8, account_keys: Vec<Pubkey>, recent_blockhash: Hash, instructions: Vec<CompiledInstruction>, ) -> Message

pub fn hash(&self) -> Hash

Compute the blake3 hash of this transaction’s message.

pub fn hash_raw_message(message_bytes: &[u8]) -> Hash

Compute the blake3 hash of a raw transaction message.

pub fn compile_instruction(&self, ix: &Instruction) -> CompiledInstruction

pub fn serialize(&self) -> Vec<u8>

pub fn program_id(&self, instruction_index: usize) -> Option<&Pubkey>

pub fn program_index(&self, instruction_index: usize) -> Option<usize>

pub fn program_ids(&self) -> Vec<&Pubkey>

pub fn is_key_passed_to_program(&self, key_index: usize) -> bool

👎Deprecated since 2.0.0: Please use is_instruction_account instead

pub fn is_instruction_account(&self, key_index: usize) -> bool

Returns true if the account at the specified index is an account input to some program instruction in this message.

pub fn is_key_called_as_program(&self, key_index: usize) -> bool

pub fn is_non_loader_key(&self, key_index: usize) -> bool

👎Deprecated since 2.0.0: Please use is_key_called_as_program and is_instruction_account directly

pub fn program_position(&self, index: usize) -> Option<usize>

pub fn maybe_executable(&self, i: usize) -> bool

pub fn demote_program_id(&self, i: usize) -> bool

pub fn is_writable(&self, i: usize) -> bool

👎Deprecated since 2.0.0: Please use is_maybe_writable instead

Returns true if the account at the specified index is writable by the instructions in this message. Since the dynamic set of reserved accounts isn’t used here to demote write locks, this shouldn’t be used in the runtime.

pub fn is_maybe_writable( &self, i: usize, reserved_account_keys: Option<&HashSet<Pubkey>>, ) -> bool

Returns true if the account at the specified index is writable by the instructions in this message. The reserved_account_keys param has been optional to allow clients to approximate writability without requiring fetching the latest set of reserved account keys. If this method is called by the runtime, the latest set of reserved account keys must be passed.

pub fn is_signer(&self, i: usize) -> bool

pub fn signer_keys(&self) -> Vec<&Pubkey>

pub fn has_duplicates(&self) -> bool

Returns true if account_keys has any duplicate keys.

pub fn is_upgradeable_loader_present(&self) -> bool

Returns true if any account is the BPF upgradeable loader.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Message

fn clone(&self) -> Message

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Message

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Message

fn default() -> Message

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Message

fn deserialize<__D>( __deserializer: __D, ) -> Result<Message, <__D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl PartialEq for Message

fn eq(&self, other: &Message) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl Sanitize for Message

fn sanitize(&self) -> Result<(), SanitizeError>

impl Serialize for Message

fn serialize<__S>( &self, __serializer: __S, ) -> Result<<__S as Serializer>::Ok, <__S as Serializer>::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl Eq for Message

impl StructuralPartialEq for Message