snowbridge_pallet_system/

lib.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Snowfork <hello@snowfork.com>
//! Governance API for controlling the Ethereum side of the bridge
//!
//! # Extrinsics
//!
//! ## Agents
//!
//! Agents are smart contracts on Ethereum that act as proxies for consensus systems on Polkadot
//! networks.
//!
//! * [`Call::create_agent`]: Create agent for a sibling parachain
//! * [`Call::transfer_native_from_agent`]: Withdraw ether from an agent
//!
//! The `create_agent` extrinsic should be called via an XCM `Transact` instruction from the sibling
//! parachain.
//!
//! ## Channels
//!
//! Each sibling parachain has its own dedicated messaging channel for sending and receiving
//! messages. As a prerequisite to creating a channel, the sibling should have already created
//! an agent using the `create_agent` extrinsic.
//!
//! * [`Call::create_channel`]: Create channel for a sibling
//! * [`Call::update_channel`]: Update a channel for a sibling
//!
//! ## Governance
//!
//! Only Polkadot governance itself can call these extrinsics. Delivery fees are waived.
//!
//! * [`Call::upgrade`]`: Upgrade the gateway contract
//! * [`Call::set_operating_mode`]: Update the operating mode of the gateway contract
//! * [`Call::force_update_channel`]: Allow root to update a channel for a sibling
//! * [`Call::force_transfer_native_from_agent`]: Allow root to withdraw ether from an agent
//!
//! Typically, Polkadot governance will use the `force_transfer_native_from_agent` and
//! `force_update_channel` and extrinsics to manage agents and channels for system parachains.
//!
//! ## Polkadot-native tokens on Ethereum
//!
//! Tokens deposited on AssetHub pallet can be bridged to Ethereum as wrapped ERC20 tokens. As a
//! prerequisite, the token should be registered first.
//!
//! * [`Call::register_token`]: Register a token location as a wrapped ERC20 contract on Ethereum.
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
#[cfg(test)]
mod mock;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;

#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
mod benchmarking;
pub mod migration;

pub mod api;
pub mod weights;
pub use weights::*;

use frame_support::{
	pallet_prelude::*,
	traits::{
		fungible::{Inspect, Mutate},
		tokens::Preservation,
		Contains, EnsureOrigin,
	},
};
use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
use snowbridge_core::{
	meth,
	outbound::{Command, Initializer, Message, OperatingMode, SendError, SendMessage},
	sibling_sovereign_account, AgentId, AssetMetadata, Channel, ChannelId, ParaId,
	PricingParameters as PricingParametersRecord, TokenId, TokenIdOf, PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL,
	SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL,
};
use sp_core::{RuntimeDebug, H160, H256};
use sp_io::hashing::blake2_256;
use sp_runtime::{
	traits::{BadOrigin, MaybeEquivalence},
	DispatchError, SaturatedConversion,
};
use sp_std::prelude::*;
use xcm::prelude::*;
use xcm_executor::traits::ConvertLocation;

#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
use frame_support::traits::OriginTrait;

pub use pallet::*;

pub type BalanceOf<T> =
	<<T as pallet::Config>::Token as Inspect<<T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId>>::Balance;
pub type AccountIdOf<T> = <T as frame_system::Config>::AccountId;
pub type PricingParametersOf<T> = PricingParametersRecord<BalanceOf<T>>;

/// Ensure origin location is a sibling
fn ensure_sibling<T>(location: &Location) -> Result<(ParaId, H256), DispatchError>
where
	T: Config,
{
	match location.unpack() {
		(1, [Parachain(para_id)]) => {
			let agent_id = agent_id_of::<T>(location)?;
			Ok(((*para_id).into(), agent_id))
		},
		_ => Err(BadOrigin.into()),
	}
}

/// Hash the location to produce an agent id
pub fn agent_id_of<T: Config>(location: &Location) -> Result<H256, DispatchError> {
	T::AgentIdOf::convert_location(location).ok_or(Error::<T>::LocationConversionFailed.into())
}

#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
pub trait BenchmarkHelper<O>
where
	O: OriginTrait,
{
	fn make_xcm_origin(location: Location) -> O;
}

/// Whether a fee should be withdrawn to an account for sending an outbound message
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, RuntimeDebug)]
pub enum PaysFee<T>
where
	T: Config,
{
	/// Fully charge includes (local + remote fee)
	Yes(AccountIdOf<T>),
	/// Partially charge includes local fee only
	Partial(AccountIdOf<T>),
	/// No charge
	No,
}

#[frame_support::pallet]
pub mod pallet {
	use frame_support::dispatch::PostDispatchInfo;
	use snowbridge_core::StaticLookup;
	use sp_core::U256;

	use super::*;

	#[pallet::pallet]
	pub struct Pallet<T>(_);

	#[pallet::config]
	pub trait Config: frame_system::Config {
		type RuntimeEvent: From<Event<Self>> + IsType<<Self as frame_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent>;

		/// Send messages to Ethereum
		type OutboundQueue: SendMessage<Balance = BalanceOf<Self>>;

		/// Origin check for XCM locations that can create agents
		type SiblingOrigin: EnsureOrigin<Self::RuntimeOrigin, Success = Location>;

		/// Converts Location to AgentId
		type AgentIdOf: ConvertLocation<AgentId>;

		/// Token reserved for control operations
		type Token: Mutate<Self::AccountId>;

		/// TreasuryAccount to collect fees
		#[pallet::constant]
		type TreasuryAccount: Get<Self::AccountId>;

		/// Number of decimal places of local currency
		type DefaultPricingParameters: Get<PricingParametersOf<Self>>;

		/// Cost of delivering a message from Ethereum
		#[pallet::constant]
		type InboundDeliveryCost: Get<BalanceOf<Self>>;

		type WeightInfo: WeightInfo;

		/// This chain's Universal Location.
		type UniversalLocation: Get<InteriorLocation>;

		// The bridges configured Ethereum location
		type EthereumLocation: Get<Location>;

		#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
		type Helper: BenchmarkHelper<Self::RuntimeOrigin>;
	}

	#[pallet::event]
	#[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
	pub enum Event<T: Config> {
		/// An Upgrade message was sent to the Gateway
		Upgrade {
			impl_address: H160,
			impl_code_hash: H256,
			initializer_params_hash: Option<H256>,
		},
		/// An CreateAgent message was sent to the Gateway
		CreateAgent {
			location: Box<Location>,
			agent_id: AgentId,
		},
		/// An CreateChannel message was sent to the Gateway
		CreateChannel {
			channel_id: ChannelId,
			agent_id: AgentId,
		},
		/// An UpdateChannel message was sent to the Gateway
		UpdateChannel {
			channel_id: ChannelId,
			mode: OperatingMode,
		},
		/// An SetOperatingMode message was sent to the Gateway
		SetOperatingMode {
			mode: OperatingMode,
		},
		/// An TransferNativeFromAgent message was sent to the Gateway
		TransferNativeFromAgent {
			agent_id: AgentId,
			recipient: H160,
			amount: u128,
		},
		/// A SetTokenTransferFees message was sent to the Gateway
		SetTokenTransferFees {
			create_asset_xcm: u128,
			transfer_asset_xcm: u128,
			register_token: U256,
		},
		PricingParametersChanged {
			params: PricingParametersOf<T>,
		},
		/// Register Polkadot-native token as a wrapped ERC20 token on Ethereum
		RegisterToken {
			/// Location of Polkadot-native token
			location: VersionedLocation,
			/// ID of Polkadot-native token on Ethereum
			foreign_token_id: H256,
		},
	}

	#[pallet::error]
	pub enum Error<T> {
		LocationConversionFailed,
		AgentAlreadyCreated,
		NoAgent,
		ChannelAlreadyCreated,
		NoChannel,
		UnsupportedLocationVersion,
		InvalidLocation,
		Send(SendError),
		InvalidTokenTransferFees,
		InvalidPricingParameters,
		InvalidUpgradeParameters,
	}

	/// The set of registered agents
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn agents)]
	pub type Agents<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, AgentId, (), OptionQuery>;

	/// The set of registered channels
	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn channels)]
	pub type Channels<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Twox64Concat, ChannelId, Channel, OptionQuery>;

	#[pallet::storage]
	#[pallet::getter(fn parameters)]
	pub type PricingParameters<T: Config> =
		StorageValue<_, PricingParametersOf<T>, ValueQuery, T::DefaultPricingParameters>;

	/// Lookup table for foreign token ID to native location relative to ethereum
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub type ForeignToNativeId<T: Config> =
		StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, TokenId, xcm::v5::Location, OptionQuery>;

	/// Lookup table for native location relative to ethereum to foreign token ID
	#[pallet::storage]
	pub type NativeToForeignId<T: Config> =
		StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, xcm::v5::Location, TokenId, OptionQuery>;

	#[pallet::genesis_config]
	#[derive(frame_support::DefaultNoBound)]
	pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
		// Own parachain id
		pub para_id: ParaId,
		// AssetHub's parachain id
		pub asset_hub_para_id: ParaId,
		#[serde(skip)]
		pub _config: PhantomData<T>,
	}

	#[pallet::genesis_build]
	impl<T: Config> BuildGenesisConfig for GenesisConfig<T> {
		fn build(&self) {
			Pallet::<T>::initialize(self.para_id, self.asset_hub_para_id).expect("infallible; qed");
		}
	}

	#[pallet::call]
	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
		/// Sends command to the Gateway contract to upgrade itself with a new implementation
		/// contract
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Root`.
		/// - `impl_address`: The address of the implementation contract.
		/// - `impl_code_hash`: The codehash of the implementation contract.
		/// - `initializer`: Optionally call an initializer on the implementation contract.
		#[pallet::call_index(0)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::WeightInfo::upgrade(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn upgrade(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			impl_address: H160,
			impl_code_hash: H256,
			initializer: Option<Initializer>,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			ensure!(
				!impl_address.eq(&H160::zero()) && !impl_code_hash.eq(&H256::zero()),
				Error::<T>::InvalidUpgradeParameters
			);

			let initializer_params_hash: Option<H256> =
				initializer.as_ref().map(|i| H256::from(blake2_256(i.params.as_ref())));
			let command = Command::Upgrade { impl_address, impl_code_hash, initializer };
			Self::send(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::Upgrade {
				impl_address,
				impl_code_hash,
				initializer_params_hash,
			});
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to change its operating mode
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Location`
		#[pallet::call_index(1)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::WeightInfo::set_operating_mode(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_operating_mode(origin: OriginFor<T>, mode: OperatingMode) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			let command = Command::SetOperatingMode { mode };
			Self::send(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::SetOperatingMode { mode });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Set pricing parameters on both sides of the bridge
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be root
		#[pallet::call_index(2)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::WeightInfo::set_pricing_parameters(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_pricing_parameters(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			params: PricingParametersOf<T>,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;
			params.validate().map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidPricingParameters)?;
			PricingParameters::<T>::put(params.clone());

			let command = Command::SetPricingParameters {
				exchange_rate: params.exchange_rate.into(),
				delivery_cost: T::InboundDeliveryCost::get().saturated_into::<u128>(),
				multiplier: params.multiplier.into(),
			};
			Self::send(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::PricingParametersChanged { params });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a command to the Gateway contract to instantiate a new agent contract representing
		/// `origin`.
		///
		/// Fee required: Yes
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Location` of a sibling parachain
		#[pallet::call_index(3)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::create_agent())]
		pub fn create_agent(origin: OriginFor<T>) -> DispatchResult {
			let origin_location: Location = T::SiblingOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;

			// Ensure that origin location is some consensus system on a sibling parachain
			let (para_id, agent_id) = ensure_sibling::<T>(&origin_location)?;

			// Record the agent id or fail if it has already been created
			ensure!(!Agents::<T>::contains_key(agent_id), Error::<T>::AgentAlreadyCreated);
			Agents::<T>::insert(agent_id, ());

			let command = Command::CreateAgent { agent_id };
			let pays_fee = PaysFee::<T>::Yes(sibling_sovereign_account::<T>(para_id));
			Self::send(SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, pays_fee)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::CreateAgent {
				location: Box::new(origin_location),
				agent_id,
			});
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to create a new channel representing `origin`
		///
		/// Fee required: Yes
		///
		/// This extrinsic is permissionless, so a fee is charged to prevent spamming and pay
		/// for execution costs on the remote side.
		///
		/// The message is sent over the bridge on BridgeHub's own channel to the Gateway.
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Location`
		/// - `mode`: Initial operating mode of the channel
		#[pallet::call_index(4)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::create_channel())]
		pub fn create_channel(origin: OriginFor<T>, mode: OperatingMode) -> DispatchResult {
			let origin_location: Location = T::SiblingOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;

			// Ensure that origin location is a sibling parachain
			let (para_id, agent_id) = ensure_sibling::<T>(&origin_location)?;

			let channel_id: ChannelId = para_id.into();

			ensure!(Agents::<T>::contains_key(agent_id), Error::<T>::NoAgent);
			ensure!(!Channels::<T>::contains_key(channel_id), Error::<T>::ChannelAlreadyCreated);

			let channel = Channel { agent_id, para_id };
			Channels::<T>::insert(channel_id, channel);

			let command = Command::CreateChannel { channel_id, agent_id, mode };
			let pays_fee = PaysFee::<T>::Yes(sibling_sovereign_account::<T>(para_id));
			Self::send(SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, pays_fee)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::CreateChannel { channel_id, agent_id });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to update a channel configuration
		///
		/// The origin must already have a channel initialized, as this message is sent over it.
		///
		/// A partial fee will be charged for local processing only.
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Location`
		/// - `mode`: Initial operating mode of the channel
		#[pallet::call_index(5)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::update_channel())]
		pub fn update_channel(origin: OriginFor<T>, mode: OperatingMode) -> DispatchResult {
			let origin_location: Location = T::SiblingOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;

			// Ensure that origin location is a sibling parachain
			let (para_id, _) = ensure_sibling::<T>(&origin_location)?;

			let channel_id: ChannelId = para_id.into();

			ensure!(Channels::<T>::contains_key(channel_id), Error::<T>::NoChannel);

			let command = Command::UpdateChannel { channel_id, mode };
			let pays_fee = PaysFee::<T>::Partial(sibling_sovereign_account::<T>(para_id));

			// Parachains send the update message on their own channel
			Self::send(channel_id, command, pays_fee)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::UpdateChannel { channel_id, mode });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to update an arbitrary channel
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be root
		/// - `channel_id`: ID of channel
		/// - `mode`: Initial operating mode of the channel
		/// - `outbound_fee`: Fee charged to users for sending outbound messages to Polkadot
		#[pallet::call_index(6)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::force_update_channel())]
		pub fn force_update_channel(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			channel_id: ChannelId,
			mode: OperatingMode,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			ensure!(Channels::<T>::contains_key(channel_id), Error::<T>::NoChannel);

			let command = Command::UpdateChannel { channel_id, mode };
			Self::send(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::UpdateChannel { channel_id, mode });
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to transfer ether from an agent to `recipient`.
		///
		/// A partial fee will be charged for local processing only.
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be `Location`
		#[pallet::call_index(7)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::transfer_native_from_agent())]
		pub fn transfer_native_from_agent(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			recipient: H160,
			amount: u128,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			let origin_location: Location = T::SiblingOrigin::ensure_origin(origin)?;

			// Ensure that origin location is some consensus system on a sibling parachain
			let (para_id, agent_id) = ensure_sibling::<T>(&origin_location)?;

			// Since the origin is also the owner of the channel, they only need to pay
			// the local processing fee.
			let pays_fee = PaysFee::<T>::Partial(sibling_sovereign_account::<T>(para_id));

			Self::do_transfer_native_from_agent(
				agent_id,
				para_id.into(),
				recipient,
				amount,
				pays_fee,
			)
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to transfer ether from an agent to `recipient`.
		///
		/// Privileged. Can only be called by root.
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be root
		/// - `location`: Location used to resolve the agent
		/// - `recipient`: Recipient of funds
		/// - `amount`: Amount to transfer
		#[pallet::call_index(8)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::force_transfer_native_from_agent())]
		pub fn force_transfer_native_from_agent(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			location: Box<VersionedLocation>,
			recipient: H160,
			amount: u128,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			// Ensure that location is some consensus system on a sibling parachain
			let location: Location =
				(*location).try_into().map_err(|_| Error::<T>::UnsupportedLocationVersion)?;
			let (_, agent_id) =
				ensure_sibling::<T>(&location).map_err(|_| Error::<T>::InvalidLocation)?;

			let pays_fee = PaysFee::<T>::No;

			Self::do_transfer_native_from_agent(
				agent_id,
				PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL,
				recipient,
				amount,
				pays_fee,
			)
		}

		/// Sends a message to the Gateway contract to update fee related parameters for
		/// token transfers.
		///
		/// Privileged. Can only be called by root.
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be root
		/// - `create_asset_xcm`: The XCM execution cost for creating a new asset class on AssetHub,
		///   in DOT
		/// - `transfer_asset_xcm`: The XCM execution cost for performing a reserve transfer on
		///   AssetHub, in DOT
		/// - `register_token`: The Ether fee for registering a new token, to discourage spamming
		#[pallet::call_index(9)]
		#[pallet::weight((T::WeightInfo::set_token_transfer_fees(), DispatchClass::Operational))]
		pub fn set_token_transfer_fees(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			create_asset_xcm: u128,
			transfer_asset_xcm: u128,
			register_token: U256,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			// Basic validation of new costs. Particularly for token registration, we want to ensure
			// its relatively expensive to discourage spamming. Like at least 100 USD.
			ensure!(
				create_asset_xcm > 0 && transfer_asset_xcm > 0 && register_token > meth(100),
				Error::<T>::InvalidTokenTransferFees
			);

			let command = Command::SetTokenTransferFees {
				create_asset_xcm,
				transfer_asset_xcm,
				register_token,
			};
			Self::send(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::SetTokenTransferFees {
				create_asset_xcm,
				transfer_asset_xcm,
				register_token,
			});
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Registers a Polkadot-native token as a wrapped ERC20 token on Ethereum.
		/// Privileged. Can only be called by root.
		///
		/// Fee required: No
		///
		/// - `origin`: Must be root
		/// - `location`: Location of the asset (relative to this chain)
		/// - `metadata`: Metadata to include in the instantiated ERC20 contract on Ethereum
		#[pallet::call_index(10)]
		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::register_token())]
		pub fn register_token(
			origin: OriginFor<T>,
			location: Box<VersionedLocation>,
			metadata: AssetMetadata,
		) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo {
			ensure_root(origin)?;

			let location: Location =
				(*location).try_into().map_err(|_| Error::<T>::UnsupportedLocationVersion)?;

			Self::do_register_token(&location, metadata, PaysFee::<T>::No)?;

			Ok(PostDispatchInfo {
				actual_weight: Some(T::WeightInfo::register_token()),
				pays_fee: Pays::No,
			})
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
		/// Send `command` to the Gateway on the Channel identified by `channel_id`
		fn send(channel_id: ChannelId, command: Command, pays_fee: PaysFee<T>) -> DispatchResult {
			let message = Message { id: None, channel_id, command };
			let (ticket, fee) =
				T::OutboundQueue::validate(&message).map_err(|err| Error::<T>::Send(err))?;

			let payment = match pays_fee {
				PaysFee::Yes(account) => Some((account, fee.total())),
				PaysFee::Partial(account) => Some((account, fee.local)),
				PaysFee::No => None,
			};

			if let Some((payer, fee)) = payment {
				T::Token::transfer(
					&payer,
					&T::TreasuryAccount::get(),
					fee,
					Preservation::Preserve,
				)?;
			}

			T::OutboundQueue::deliver(ticket).map_err(|err| Error::<T>::Send(err))?;
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Issue a `Command::TransferNativeFromAgent` command. The command will be sent on the
		/// channel `channel_id`
		pub fn do_transfer_native_from_agent(
			agent_id: H256,
			channel_id: ChannelId,
			recipient: H160,
			amount: u128,
			pays_fee: PaysFee<T>,
		) -> DispatchResult {
			ensure!(Agents::<T>::contains_key(agent_id), Error::<T>::NoAgent);

			let command = Command::TransferNativeFromAgent { agent_id, recipient, amount };
			Self::send(channel_id, command, pays_fee)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::TransferNativeFromAgent {
				agent_id,
				recipient,
				amount,
			});
			Ok(())
		}

		/// Initializes agents and channels.
		pub fn initialize(para_id: ParaId, asset_hub_para_id: ParaId) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
			// Asset Hub
			let asset_hub_location: Location =
				ParentThen(Parachain(asset_hub_para_id.into()).into()).into();
			let asset_hub_agent_id = agent_id_of::<T>(&asset_hub_location)?;
			let asset_hub_channel_id: ChannelId = asset_hub_para_id.into();
			Agents::<T>::insert(asset_hub_agent_id, ());
			Channels::<T>::insert(
				asset_hub_channel_id,
				Channel { agent_id: asset_hub_agent_id, para_id: asset_hub_para_id },
			);

			// Governance channels
			let bridge_hub_agent_id = agent_id_of::<T>(&Location::here())?;
			// Agent for BridgeHub
			Agents::<T>::insert(bridge_hub_agent_id, ());

			// Primary governance channel
			Channels::<T>::insert(
				PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL,
				Channel { agent_id: bridge_hub_agent_id, para_id },
			);

			// Secondary governance channel
			Channels::<T>::insert(
				SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL,
				Channel { agent_id: bridge_hub_agent_id, para_id },
			);

			Ok(())
		}

		/// Checks if the pallet has been initialized.
		pub(crate) fn is_initialized() -> bool {
			let primary_exists = Channels::<T>::contains_key(PRIMARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL);
			let secondary_exists = Channels::<T>::contains_key(SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL);
			primary_exists && secondary_exists
		}

		pub(crate) fn do_register_token(
			location: &Location,
			metadata: AssetMetadata,
			pays_fee: PaysFee<T>,
		) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
			let ethereum_location = T::EthereumLocation::get();
			// reanchor to Ethereum context
			let location = location
				.clone()
				.reanchored(&ethereum_location, &T::UniversalLocation::get())
				.map_err(|_| Error::<T>::LocationConversionFailed)?;

			let token_id = TokenIdOf::convert_location(&location)
				.ok_or(Error::<T>::LocationConversionFailed)?;

			if !ForeignToNativeId::<T>::contains_key(token_id) {
				NativeToForeignId::<T>::insert(location.clone(), token_id);
				ForeignToNativeId::<T>::insert(token_id, location.clone());
			}

			let command = Command::RegisterForeignToken {
				token_id,
				name: metadata.name.into_inner(),
				symbol: metadata.symbol.into_inner(),
				decimals: metadata.decimals,
			};
			Self::send(SECONDARY_GOVERNANCE_CHANNEL, command, pays_fee)?;

			Self::deposit_event(Event::<T>::RegisterToken {
				location: location.clone().into(),
				foreign_token_id: token_id,
			});

			Ok(())
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> StaticLookup for Pallet<T> {
		type Source = ChannelId;
		type Target = Channel;
		fn lookup(channel_id: Self::Source) -> Option<Self::Target> {
			Channels::<T>::get(channel_id)
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> Contains<ChannelId> for Pallet<T> {
		fn contains(channel_id: &ChannelId) -> bool {
			Channels::<T>::get(channel_id).is_some()
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> Get<PricingParametersOf<T>> for Pallet<T> {
		fn get() -> PricingParametersOf<T> {
			PricingParameters::<T>::get()
		}
	}

	impl<T: Config> MaybeEquivalence<TokenId, Location> for Pallet<T> {
		fn convert(foreign_id: &TokenId) -> Option<Location> {
			ForeignToNativeId::<T>::get(foreign_id)
		}
		fn convert_back(location: &Location) -> Option<TokenId> {
			NativeToForeignId::<T>::get(location)
		}
	}
}