Trait Debug

1.0.0 · Source

pub trait Debug {
    // Required method
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}

Expand description

? formatting.

Debug should format the output in a programmer-facing, debugging context.

Generally speaking, you should just derive a Debug implementation.

When used with the alternate format specifier #?, the output is pretty-printed.

For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.

This trait can be used with #[derive] if all fields implement Debug. When derived for structs, it will use the name of the struct, then {, then a comma-separated list of each field’s name and Debug value, then }. For enums, it will use the name of the variant and, if applicable, (, then the Debug values of the fields, then ).

§Stability

Derived Debug formats are not stable, and so may change with future Rust versions. Additionally, Debug implementations of types provided by the standard library (std, core, alloc, etc.) are not stable, and may also change with future Rust versions.

§Examples

Deriving an implementation:

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

assert_eq!(
    format!("The origin is: {origin:?}"),
    "The origin is: Point { x: 0, y: 0 }",
);

Manually implementing:

use std::fmt;

struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

impl fmt::Debug for Point {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("Point")
         .field("x", &self.x)
         .field("y", &self.y)
         .finish()
    }
}

let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

assert_eq!(
    format!("The origin is: {origin:?}"),
    "The origin is: Point { x: 0, y: 0 }",
);

There are a number of helper methods on the Formatter struct to help you with manual implementations, such as debug_struct.

Types that do not wish to use the standard suite of debug representations provided by the Formatter trait (debug_struct, debug_tuple, debug_list, debug_set, debug_map) can do something totally custom by manually writing an arbitrary representation to the Formatter.

impl fmt::Debug for Point {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "Point [{} {}]", self.x, self.y)
    }
}

Debug implementations using either derive or the debug builder API on Formatter support pretty-printing using the alternate flag: {:#?}.

Pretty-printing with #?:

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

let expected = "The origin is: Point {
    x: 0,
    y: 0,
}";
assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin:#?}"), expected);

Required Methods§

1.0.0 · Source

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

§Errors

This function should return Err if, and only if, the provided Formatter returns Err. String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only returns a Result because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.

§Examples

use std::fmt;

struct Position {
    longitude: f32,
    latitude: f32,
}

impl fmt::Debug for Position {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_tuple("")
         .field(&self.longitude)
         .field(&self.latitude)
         .finish()
    }
}

let position = Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983 };
assert_eq!(format!("{position:?}"), "(1.987, 2.983)");

assert_eq!(format!("{position:#?}"), "(
    1.987,
    2.983,
)");

Debug

Trait Debug Copy item path

§Stability

§Examples

Required Methods§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

§Errors

§Examples

Implementors§

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::cli::Command

impl Debug for UpdaterError

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::prelude::bech32::Error

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::prelude::bech32::Variant

impl Debug for LiteralType

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::prelude::Ordering

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::prelude::fmt::Alignment

impl Debug for DebugAsHex

impl Debug for snarkvm_debug::prelude::fmt::Sign

impl Debug for FinalizeMode

impl Debug for SearchStep

impl Debug for alloc::collections::TryReserveErrorKind

impl Debug for AsciiChar

impl Debug for Infallible

impl Debug for FromBytesWithNulError

impl Debug for c_void

impl Debug for AtomicOrdering

impl Debug for core::net::ip_addr::IpAddr

impl Debug for Ipv6MulticastScope

impl Debug for core::net::socket_addr::SocketAddr

impl Debug for FpCategory

impl Debug for IntErrorKind

impl Debug for core::slice::GetDisjointMutError

impl Debug for core::sync::atomic::Ordering

impl Debug for BacktraceStatus

impl Debug for VarError

impl Debug for std::fs::TryLockError

impl Debug for std::io::SeekFrom

impl Debug for std::io::error::ErrorKind

impl Debug for Shutdown

impl Debug for AncillaryError

impl Debug for BacktraceStyle

impl Debug for RecvTimeoutError

impl Debug for std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError

impl Debug for AhoCorasickKind

impl Debug for aho_corasick::packed::api::MatchKind

impl Debug for aho_corasick::util::error::MatchErrorKind

impl Debug for Candidate

impl Debug for aho_corasick::util::search::Anchored

impl Debug for aho_corasick::util::search::MatchKind

impl Debug for StartKind

impl Debug for Cpu

impl Debug for StorageMode

impl Debug for allocator_api2::stable::raw_vec::TryReserveErrorKind

impl Debug for anstyle_parse::state::definitions::Action

impl Debug for anstyle_parse::state::definitions::State

impl Debug for AnsiColor

impl Debug for anstyle::color::Color

impl Debug for base64::alphabet::ParseAlphabetError

impl Debug for base64::alphabet::ParseAlphabetError

impl Debug for base64::decode::DecodeError

impl Debug for base64::decode::DecodeError

impl Debug for base64::decode::DecodeSliceError

impl Debug for base64::decode::DecodeSliceError

impl Debug for base64::encode::EncodeSliceError

impl Debug for base64::encode::EncodeSliceError

impl Debug for base64::engine::DecodePaddingMode

impl Debug for base64::engine::DecodePaddingMode

impl Debug for bincode::error::ErrorKind

impl Debug for bs58::alphabet::Error

impl Debug for bs58::decode::Error

impl Debug for bs58::encode::Error

impl Debug for byteorder::BigEndian

impl Debug for byteorder::LittleEndian

impl Debug for ArgAction

impl Debug for ArgPredicate

impl Debug for ValueHint

impl Debug for ContextKind

impl Debug for ContextValue

impl Debug for clap_builder::error::kind::ErrorKind

impl Debug for MatchesError

Trait Debug