Trait Display

1.0.0 · Source

pub trait Display {
    // Required method
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}

Expand description

Format trait for an empty format, {}.

Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the ToString trait for the type, allowing the usage of the .to_string() method. Prefer implementing the Display trait for a type, rather than ToString.

Display is similar to Debug, but Display is for user-facing output, and so cannot be derived.

For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.

§Completeness and parseability

Display for a type might not necessarily be a lossless or complete representation of the type. It may omit internal state, precision, or other information the type does not consider important for user-facing output, as determined by the type. As such, the output of Display might not be possible to parse, and even if it is, the result of parsing might not exactly match the original value.

However, if a type has a lossless Display implementation whose output is meant to be conveniently machine-parseable and not just meant for human consumption, then the type may wish to accept the same format in FromStr, and document that usage. Having both Display and FromStr implementations where the result of Display cannot be parsed with FromStr may surprise users.

§Internationalization

Because a type can only have one Display implementation, it is often preferable to only implement Display when there is a single most “obvious” way that values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the “invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.

If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods like str::escape_default or Path::display which create a wrapper implementing Display to output the specific display format.

§Examples

Implementing Display on a type:

use std::fmt;

struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

impl fmt::Display for Point {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
    }
}

let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");

Required Methods§

1.0.0 · Source

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

§Errors

This function should return Err if, and only if, the provided Formatter returns Err. String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only returns a Result because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.

§Examples

use std::fmt;

struct Position {
    longitude: f32,
    latitude: f32,
}

impl fmt::Display for Position {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
    }
}

assert_eq!(
    "(1.987, 2.983)",
    format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
);

Dyn Compatibility§

This trait is dyn compatible.

In older versions of Rust, dyn compatibility was called "object safety".

Display

Trait Display Copy item path

§Completeness and parseability

§Internationalization

§Examples

Required Methods§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

§Errors

§Examples

Dyn Compatibility§

Implementors§

impl Display for !

impl Display for AHPError

impl Display for AccessError

impl Display for core::net::parser::AddrParseError

impl Display for rustls_pki_types::server_name::AddrParseError

impl Display for core::alloc::AllocError

impl Display for allocator_api2::stable::alloc::AllocError

impl Display for Arguments<'_>

impl Display for AsciiChar

impl Display for Authority

impl Display for Backtrace

impl Display for BernoulliError

impl Display for BigInt

impl Display for BigInteger256

impl Display for BigInteger384

impl Display for BigUint

impl Display for BorrowError

impl Display for BorrowMutError

impl Display for ByteStr

impl Display for ByteString

impl Display for CertificateError

impl Display for CharError

impl Display for CharTryFromError

impl Display for CheckedHrpstringError

impl Display for ChecksumError

impl Display for Class

impl Display for CodeLengthError

impl Display for CollectionAllocErr

impl Display for ColoredString

impl Display for ConsensusVersion

impl Display for ConstraintFieldError

impl Display for DateTime

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::bech32::segwit::DecodeError

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::bech32::DecodeError

impl Display for crypto_bigint::traits::DecodeError

impl Display for base64::decode::DecodeError

impl Display for DecodeSliceError

impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error

impl Display for DeserializeStateError

impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>

impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>

impl Display for ECDSASignature

impl Display for EarlyDataError

impl Display for Empty

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::bech32::segwit::EncodeError

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::bech32::EncodeError

impl Display for rustls::conn::unbuffered::EncodeError

impl Display for EncodeIoError

impl Display for EncodeSliceError

impl Display for EncodingRules

impl Display for EncryptError

impl Display for std::io::error::Error

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::fmt::Error

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::Error

impl Display for rand::distr::uniform::Error

impl Display for rand::distr::weighted::Error

impl Display for getrandom::error::Error

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::de::value::Error

impl Display for serde_json::error::Error

impl Display for snarkvm_console_program::bech32::primitives::hrp::Error

impl Display for elliptic_curve::error::Error

impl Display for base16ct::error::Error

impl Display for sec1::error::Error

impl Display for der::error::Error

impl Display for const_oid::error::Error

impl Display for block_buffer::Error

impl Display for signature::error::Error

impl Display for ureq::error::Error

impl Display for ureq_proto::error::Error

Trait Display