smolvm_pack/

packer.rs

//! Binary packer for assembling packed executables.
//!
//! This module handles combining the stub executable, compressed assets,
//! manifest, and footer into a self-contained `.smolmachine` package.
//! See [`crate::format`] for the binary format specification.

use std::fs::{self, File};
use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

use crate::assets::{crc32_file_range, AssetCollector};
use crate::format::{PackFooter, PackManifest, FOOTER_SIZE, SIDECAR_EXTENSION};
use crate::Result;

/// Maximum allowed manifest size (16 MiB) to prevent malicious/corrupt sidecars
/// from causing excessive memory allocation.
const MAX_MANIFEST_SIZE: u64 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;

/// Binary packer for creating self-contained executables.
pub struct Packer {
    stub_path: Option<std::path::PathBuf>,
    manifest: PackManifest,
    asset_collector: Option<AssetCollector>,
}

/// Error type for try_pack_embedded_macho (internal).
#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
enum PackedEmbeddedError {
    /// Not a valid Mach-O with required section, return Packer to try append mode.
    NotMachO(Box<Packer>),
    /// Other pack error.
    PackError(crate::PackError),
}

impl Packer {
    /// Create a new packer with the given manifest.
    pub fn new(manifest: PackManifest) -> Self {
        Self {
            stub_path: None,
            manifest,
            asset_collector: None,
        }
    }

    /// Set the path to the stub executable.
    pub fn with_stub(mut self, stub_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Self {
        self.stub_path = Some(stub_path.as_ref().to_path_buf());
        self
    }

    /// Set the asset collector and update manifest with its inventory.
    pub fn with_assets(mut self, collector: AssetCollector) -> Self {
        // Update manifest with the collector's inventory
        self.manifest.assets = collector.inventory().clone();
        self.asset_collector = Some(collector);
        self
    }

    /// Set the asset collector without updating the manifest.
    ///
    /// Use this when the manifest already has the correct asset inventory
    /// (e.g., when it was set from a different collector that was consumed).
    pub fn with_asset_collector(mut self, collector: AssetCollector) -> Self {
        self.asset_collector = Some(collector);
        self
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the manifest.
    pub fn manifest_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PackManifest {
        &mut self.manifest
    }

    /// Pack everything into the output file using sidecar format.
    ///
    /// Creates two files:
    /// 1. `output` - Stub executable (pure Mach-O, signable)
    /// 2. `output.smolmachine` - Compressed assets + manifest + footer
    ///
    /// This keeps the binary as a pure Mach-O executable that can be
    /// properly code-signed on macOS.
    pub fn pack(self, output: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackedInfo> {
        let output = output.as_ref();
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;

        // Get stub executable
        let stub_path = self
            .stub_path
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or_else(|| crate::PackError::AssetNotFound("stub executable".to_string()))?;

        // 1. Copy stub executable to output (libs are appended later, after signing)
        let stub_data = fs::read(stub_path)?;
        let stub_size = stub_data.len() as u64;
        fs::write(output, &stub_data)?;

        // Make executable
        #[cfg(unix)]
        {
            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
            let mut perms = fs::metadata(output)?.permissions();
            perms.set_mode(0o755);
            fs::set_permissions(output, perms)?;
        }

        // 3. Build sidecar file with: assets (no libs) + manifest + footer
        let sidecar_path = sidecar_path_for(output);
        let mut sidecar_file = File::create(&sidecar_path)?;

        // 3a. Write compressed assets (excludes lib/ — those are embedded in the stub)
        let assets_temp = temp_dir.path().join("assets.tar.zst");
        let assets_size = if let Some(collector) = &self.asset_collector {
            collector.compress(&assets_temp, true)?
        } else {
            let empty_file = File::create(&assets_temp)?;
            let encoder = zstd::stream::Encoder::new(empty_file, 1)?;
            let tar_builder = tar::Builder::new(encoder);
            let encoder = tar_builder.into_inner()?;
            encoder.finish()?;
            fs::metadata(&assets_temp)?.len()
        };

        let mut assets_file = File::open(&assets_temp)?;
        std::io::copy(&mut assets_file, &mut sidecar_file)?;

        // 3b. Write manifest JSON
        let manifest_offset = assets_size;
        let manifest_json = self.manifest.to_json()?;
        let manifest_size = manifest_json.len() as u64;
        sidecar_file.write_all(&manifest_json)?;

        // 3c. Calculate checksum of assets + manifest
        sidecar_file.flush()?;
        drop(sidecar_file);
        let checksum_size = assets_size + manifest_size;
        let checksum = crc32_file_range(&sidecar_path, 0, checksum_size)?;

        // 3d. Write footer to sidecar
        let footer = PackFooter {
            stub_size: 0,     // Not used in sidecar mode
            assets_offset: 0, // Assets start at beginning of sidecar
            assets_size,
            manifest_offset,
            manifest_size,
            checksum,
        };

        let mut sidecar_file = fs::OpenOptions::new().append(true).open(&sidecar_path)?;
        sidecar_file.write_all(&footer.to_bytes())?;

        let sidecar_total = assets_size + manifest_size + FOOTER_SIZE as u64;
        let total_size = stub_size + sidecar_total;

        Ok(PackedInfo {
            stub_size,
            assets_size,
            manifest_size,
            total_size,
            checksum,
            sidecar_path: Some(sidecar_path),
        })
    }

    /// Pack everything into a single executable file (embedded format).
    ///
    /// On macOS, this uses Mach-O section manipulation to embed assets inside
    /// the `__SMOLVM,__smolvm` section, allowing proper code signing.
    ///
    /// On other platforms, this appends assets to the binary (simpler but
    /// not signable on macOS).
    pub fn pack_embedded(self, output: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackedInfo> {
        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
        {
            // Try Mach-O section mode first
            match self.try_pack_embedded_macho(output.as_ref()) {
                Ok(info) => Ok(info),
                Err(PackedEmbeddedError::NotMachO(packer)) => {
                    // Not a valid Mach-O, fall back to append mode
                    packer.pack_embedded_append(output)
                }
                Err(PackedEmbeddedError::PackError(e)) => Err(e),
            }
        }
        #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
        {
            self.pack_embedded_append(output)
        }
    }

    /// Try to pack using Mach-O section manipulation.
    ///
    /// Returns NotMachO with self if the stub isn't a valid Mach-O with
    /// the required __smolvm section, allowing fallback to append mode.
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    fn try_pack_embedded_macho(
        self,
        output: &Path,
    ) -> std::result::Result<PackedInfo, PackedEmbeddedError> {
        use crate::macho::MachoFile;

        // Get stub path
        let stub_path = match self.stub_path.as_ref() {
            Some(p) => p,
            None => {
                return Err(PackedEmbeddedError::PackError(
                    crate::PackError::AssetNotFound("stub executable".to_string()),
                ))
            }
        };

        // Read stub data
        let stub_data = match fs::read(stub_path) {
            Ok(data) => data,
            Err(e) => return Err(PackedEmbeddedError::PackError(e.into())),
        };

        // Try to parse as Mach-O
        let macho = match MachoFile::parse(&stub_data) {
            Ok(m) => m,
            Err(_) => return Err(PackedEmbeddedError::NotMachO(Box::new(self))), // Not a Mach-O, fall back
        };

        // Check for __smolvm section
        if macho.find_section("__SMOLVM", "__smolvm").is_none() {
            return Err(PackedEmbeddedError::NotMachO(Box::new(self))); // No section, fall back
        }

        // Valid Mach-O with section, proceed with Mach-O packing
        match self.pack_embedded_macho_inner(output, stub_data, macho) {
            Ok(info) => Ok(info),
            Err(e) => Err(PackedEmbeddedError::PackError(e)),
        }
    }

    /// Pack using Mach-O section manipulation (macOS), inner implementation.
    ///
    /// This writes assets to the `__SMOLVM,__smolvm` section, keeping the
    /// binary as a valid Mach-O that can be properly code-signed.
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    fn pack_embedded_macho_inner(
        self,
        output: &Path,
        stub_data: Vec<u8>,
        mut macho: crate::macho::MachoFile,
    ) -> Result<PackedInfo> {
        use crate::format::{SectionHeader, SECTION_HEADER_SIZE};

        let stub_size = stub_data.len() as u64;
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;

        // Compress assets
        let assets_temp = temp_dir.path().join("assets.tar.zst");
        let assets_size = if let Some(collector) = &self.asset_collector {
            collector.compress(&assets_temp, false)? // include libs in single-file mode
        } else {
            let empty_file = File::create(&assets_temp)?;
            let encoder = zstd::stream::Encoder::new(empty_file, 1)?;
            let tar_builder = tar::Builder::new(encoder);
            let encoder = tar_builder.into_inner()?;
            encoder.finish()?;
            fs::metadata(&assets_temp)?.len()
        };

        // Serialize manifest
        let manifest_json = self.manifest.to_json()?;
        let manifest_size = manifest_json.len() as u32;

        // Calculate checksum of manifest + assets
        let mut hasher = crc32fast::Hasher::new();
        hasher.update(&manifest_json);
        let assets_data = fs::read(&assets_temp)?;
        hasher.update(&assets_data);
        let checksum = hasher.finalize();

        // Build section data: header + manifest + assets
        let header = SectionHeader {
            manifest_size,
            assets_size,
            checksum,
        };

        let mut section_data =
            Vec::with_capacity(SECTION_HEADER_SIZE + manifest_json.len() + assets_data.len());
        section_data.extend_from_slice(&header.to_bytes());
        section_data.extend_from_slice(&manifest_json);
        section_data.extend_from_slice(&assets_data);

        // Write section data to Mach-O
        macho
            .write_section("__SMOLVM", "__smolvm", &section_data)
            .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Signing(format!("failed to write section: {}", e)))?;

        // Sign the binary with adhoc signature
        macho
            .sign_adhoc()
            .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Signing(format!("failed to sign: {}", e)))?;

        // Write output
        let output_data = macho.write();
        let total_size = output_data.len() as u64;
        fs::write(output, &output_data)?;

        // Make executable
        #[cfg(unix)]
        {
            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
            let mut perms = fs::metadata(output)?.permissions();
            perms.set_mode(0o755);
            fs::set_permissions(output, perms)?;
        }

        Ok(PackedInfo {
            stub_size,
            assets_size,
            manifest_size: manifest_size as u64,
            total_size,
            checksum,
            sidecar_path: None,
        })
    }

    /// Pack by appending assets to binary.
    ///
    /// This is the fallback method on macOS (when stub isn't a valid Mach-O)
    /// and the default method on other platforms.
    fn pack_embedded_append(self, output: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackedInfo> {
        let output = output.as_ref();
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;

        // Get stub executable
        let stub_path = self
            .stub_path
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or_else(|| crate::PackError::AssetNotFound("stub executable".to_string()))?;

        // 1. Copy stub executable to output
        let stub_data = fs::read(stub_path)?;
        let stub_size = stub_data.len() as u64;
        let mut output_file = File::create(output)?;
        output_file.write_all(&stub_data)?;

        // 2. Compress and append assets
        let assets_temp = temp_dir.path().join("assets.tar.zst");
        let assets_size = if let Some(collector) = &self.asset_collector {
            collector.compress(&assets_temp, false)? // include libs in append mode
        } else {
            let empty_file = File::create(&assets_temp)?;
            let encoder = zstd::stream::Encoder::new(empty_file, 1)?;
            let tar_builder = tar::Builder::new(encoder);
            let encoder = tar_builder.into_inner()?;
            encoder.finish()?;
            fs::metadata(&assets_temp)?.len()
        };

        let assets_offset = stub_size; // Assets start right after stub
        let mut assets_file = File::open(&assets_temp)?;
        std::io::copy(&mut assets_file, &mut output_file)?;

        // 3. Append manifest JSON
        let manifest_offset = stub_size + assets_size;
        let manifest_json = self.manifest.to_json()?;
        let manifest_size = manifest_json.len() as u64;
        output_file.write_all(&manifest_json)?;

        // 4. Calculate checksum of assets + manifest
        output_file.flush()?;
        drop(output_file);
        let checksum_size = assets_size + manifest_size;
        let checksum = crc32_file_range(output, assets_offset, checksum_size)?;

        // 5. Append footer
        let footer = PackFooter {
            stub_size,
            assets_offset, // Non-zero indicates embedded mode
            assets_size,
            manifest_offset,
            manifest_size,
            checksum,
        };

        let mut output_file = fs::OpenOptions::new().append(true).open(output)?;
        output_file.write_all(&footer.to_bytes())?;

        // Make executable
        #[cfg(unix)]
        {
            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
            let mut perms = fs::metadata(output)?.permissions();
            perms.set_mode(0o755);
            fs::set_permissions(output, perms)?;
        }

        let total_size = stub_size + assets_size + manifest_size + FOOTER_SIZE as u64;

        Ok(PackedInfo {
            stub_size,
            assets_size,
            manifest_size,
            total_size,
            checksum,
            sidecar_path: None, // No sidecar in embedded mode
        })
    }
}

/// Append compressed runtime libraries to a packed binary.
///
/// Call this AFTER code signing — the SMOLLIBS footer must be the last
/// bytes of the file so `extract_libs_from_binary()` can find it.
pub fn embed_libs_in_binary(binary_path: &Path, staging_dir: &Path) -> Result<()> {
    use crate::format::LibsFooter;

    let lib_dir = staging_dir.join("lib");
    if !lib_dir.exists() {
        return Ok(()); // No libs to embed
    }

    // Check if there are actual library files
    let has_libs = fs::read_dir(&lib_dir)?
        .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
        .any(|e| e.path().is_file());
    if !has_libs {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir()?;
    let libs_temp = temp_dir.path().join("libs.tar.zst");

    // Compress libs
    let output_file = File::create(&libs_temp)?;
    let encoder = zstd::stream::Encoder::new(output_file, crate::assets::ZSTD_LEVEL)
        .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Compression(e.to_string()))?;
    let mut tar_builder = tar::Builder::new(encoder);
    tar_builder
        .append_dir_all("lib", &lib_dir)
        .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Tar(e.to_string()))?;
    let encoder = tar_builder
        .into_inner()
        .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Tar(e.to_string()))?;
    encoder
        .finish()
        .map_err(|e| crate::PackError::Compression(e.to_string()))?;

    let libs_size = fs::metadata(&libs_temp)?.len();
    let binary_size = fs::metadata(binary_path)?.len();

    // Append libs blob + footer
    let mut output_file = fs::OpenOptions::new().append(true).open(binary_path)?;
    let mut libs_file = File::open(&libs_temp)?;
    std::io::copy(&mut libs_file, &mut output_file)?;

    let libs_footer = LibsFooter {
        libs_offset: binary_size,
        libs_size,
    };
    output_file.write_all(&libs_footer.to_bytes())?;

    Ok(())
}

/// Get the sidecar path for a packed binary.
pub fn sidecar_path_for(binary_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> PathBuf {
    let mut path = binary_path.as_ref().to_path_buf();
    let filename = path
        .file_name()
        .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().to_string())
        .unwrap_or_default();
    path.set_file_name(format!("{}{}", filename, SIDECAR_EXTENSION));
    path
}

/// Information about a packed binary.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PackedInfo {
    /// Size of stub executable.
    pub stub_size: u64,
    /// Size of compressed assets.
    pub assets_size: u64,
    /// Size of manifest JSON.
    pub manifest_size: u64,
    /// Total size (binary + sidecar).
    pub total_size: u64,
    /// CRC32 checksum of assets.
    pub checksum: u32,
    /// Path to sidecar file (if using sidecar mode).
    pub sidecar_path: Option<PathBuf>,
}

/// Read footer from a sidecar file.
///
/// Validates structural bounds: footer-derived sizes must be consistent with
/// the actual file size and within safe limits.
pub fn read_footer_from_sidecar(sidecar_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackFooter> {
    let mut file = File::open(sidecar_path.as_ref())?;
    let file_size = file.metadata()?.len();

    if file_size < FOOTER_SIZE as u64 {
        return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
            "sidecar file too small to contain footer",
        )));
    }

    file.seek(SeekFrom::End(-(FOOTER_SIZE as i64)))?;
    let mut footer_bytes = [0u8; FOOTER_SIZE];
    file.read_exact(&mut footer_bytes)?;

    let footer = PackFooter::from_bytes(&footer_bytes)?;

    // Validate footer-derived sizes against actual file size
    validate_footer_bounds(&footer, file_size)?;

    Ok(footer)
}

/// Read manifest from a sidecar file.
pub fn read_manifest_from_sidecar(sidecar_path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackManifest> {
    let footer = read_footer_from_sidecar(sidecar_path.as_ref())?;

    let mut file = File::open(sidecar_path.as_ref())?;
    file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(footer.manifest_offset))?;

    let mut manifest_bytes = vec![0u8; footer.manifest_size as usize];
    file.read_exact(&mut manifest_bytes)?;

    PackManifest::from_json(&manifest_bytes)
}

/// Read footer from a packed binary (deprecated - use sidecar instead).
pub fn read_footer(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackFooter> {
    // Try sidecar first
    let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(path.as_ref());
    if sidecar.exists() {
        return read_footer_from_sidecar(&sidecar);
    }

    // Fall back to embedded (v1 format)
    let mut file = File::open(path.as_ref())?;
    let file_size = file.metadata()?.len();

    if file_size < FOOTER_SIZE as u64 {
        return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
            "file too small to contain footer",
        )));
    }

    file.seek(SeekFrom::End(-(FOOTER_SIZE as i64)))?;
    let mut footer_bytes = [0u8; FOOTER_SIZE];
    file.read_exact(&mut footer_bytes)?;

    PackFooter::from_bytes(&footer_bytes)
}

/// Read manifest from a packed binary (deprecated - use sidecar instead).
pub fn read_manifest(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<PackManifest> {
    // Try sidecar first
    let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(path.as_ref());
    if sidecar.exists() {
        return read_manifest_from_sidecar(&sidecar);
    }

    // Fall back to embedded (v1 format)
    let footer = read_footer(path.as_ref())?;

    let mut file = File::open(path.as_ref())?;
    file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(footer.manifest_offset))?;

    let mut manifest_bytes = vec![0u8; footer.manifest_size as usize];
    file.read_exact(&mut manifest_bytes)?;

    PackManifest::from_json(&manifest_bytes)
}

/// Check if a packed binary uses sidecar mode.
pub fn is_sidecar_mode(footer: &PackFooter) -> bool {
    footer.assets_offset == 0
}

/// Verify checksum of a packed binary.
pub fn verify_checksum(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<bool> {
    let footer = read_footer(path.as_ref())?;

    if is_sidecar_mode(&footer) {
        // Sidecar mode: checksum is of assets + manifest (not the footer)
        let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(path.as_ref());
        if !sidecar.exists() {
            return Ok(false);
        }
        let checksum_size = footer.assets_size + footer.manifest_size;
        let actual = crc32_file_range(&sidecar, 0, checksum_size)?;
        Ok(actual == footer.checksum)
    } else {
        // Embedded mode: checksum is of assets + manifest
        let checksum_size = footer.assets_size + footer.manifest_size;
        let actual = crc32_file_range(path.as_ref(), footer.assets_offset, checksum_size)?;
        Ok(actual == footer.checksum)
    }
}

/// Verify checksum of a sidecar file.
///
/// Computes CRC32 over the assets + manifest region and compares to the
/// checksum stored in the footer.
pub fn verify_sidecar_checksum(
    sidecar_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
    footer: &PackFooter,
) -> Result<bool> {
    let checksum_size = footer
        .assets_size
        .checked_add(footer.manifest_size)
        .ok_or_else(|| {
            crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
                std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
                "assets_size + manifest_size overflow",
            ))
        })?;
    let actual = crc32_file_range(sidecar_path.as_ref(), 0, checksum_size)?;
    Ok(actual == footer.checksum)
}

/// Validate that footer-derived sizes are consistent with the actual file size.
fn validate_footer_bounds(footer: &PackFooter, file_size: u64) -> Result<()> {
    // Cap manifest size to prevent excessive memory allocation
    if footer.manifest_size > MAX_MANIFEST_SIZE {
        return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
            format!(
                "manifest size ({} bytes) exceeds maximum ({} bytes)",
                footer.manifest_size, MAX_MANIFEST_SIZE
            ),
        )));
    }

    // Verify that assets + manifest + footer fit within the file
    let content_end = footer
        .assets_size
        .checked_add(footer.manifest_size)
        .and_then(|s| s.checked_add(FOOTER_SIZE as u64));

    match content_end {
        Some(end) if end <= file_size => {}
        _ => {
            return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
                std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
                "footer sizes exceed file size (corrupt or truncated sidecar)",
            )));
        }
    }

    // In sidecar mode (assets_offset == 0), the layout is:
    //   [assets_blob | manifest_json | footer]
    // so manifest_offset MUST equal assets_size.  If it doesn't, the
    // manifest bytes that read_manifest_from_sidecar parses could differ
    // from the region covered by the checksum (0..assets_size+manifest_size),
    // creating a trust gap between verified and parsed data.
    if footer.assets_offset == 0 && footer.manifest_offset != footer.assets_size {
        return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
            format!(
                "sidecar manifest_offset ({}) does not match assets_size ({}): corrupt footer",
                footer.manifest_offset, footer.assets_size
            ),
        )));
    }

    // Verify manifest_offset + manifest_size doesn't exceed the pre-footer region
    let manifest_end = footer
        .manifest_offset
        .checked_add(footer.manifest_size)
        .and_then(|end| end.checked_add(FOOTER_SIZE as u64));

    match manifest_end {
        Some(end) if end <= file_size => {}
        _ => {
            return Err(crate::PackError::Io(std::io::Error::new(
                std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
                "manifest offset/size exceeds file bounds",
            )));
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Extract assets from a packed binary to a directory.
pub fn extract_assets(packed_path: impl AsRef<Path>, output_dir: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<()> {
    let footer = read_footer(packed_path.as_ref())?;

    if is_sidecar_mode(&footer) {
        // Sidecar mode: read from .smolmachine file
        let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(packed_path.as_ref());
        crate::assets::decompress_assets_from_file(&sidecar, output_dir.as_ref())?;
    } else {
        // Embedded mode: read from the binary itself
        let mut file = File::open(packed_path.as_ref())?;
        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(footer.assets_offset))?;

        // Read compressed assets
        let mut compressed = vec![0u8; footer.assets_size as usize];
        file.read_exact(&mut compressed)?;

        // Decompress
        crate::assets::decompress_assets(&compressed, output_dir.as_ref())?;
    }

    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::io::Write;

    #[test]
    fn test_pack_and_read() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        let mut stub_file = File::create(&stub_path).unwrap();
        stub_file.write_all(b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        // Create manifest
        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "alpine:latest".to_string(),
            "sha256:abc123".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack
        let output_path = temp_dir.path().join("packed");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest).with_stub(&stub_path);
        let info = packer.pack(&output_path).unwrap();

        assert!(info.stub_size > 0);
        assert!(info.total_size > info.stub_size);

        // Verify sidecar file exists
        let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(&output_path);
        assert!(sidecar.exists());

        // Read back - sidecar mode has stub_size=0 in footer
        let footer = read_footer(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(footer.stub_size, 0); // Sidecar mode doesn't track stub size in footer
        assert_eq!(footer.assets_offset, 0); // Sidecar mode indicator

        let manifest = read_manifest(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(manifest.image, "alpine:latest");

        // Verify checksum
        assert!(verify_checksum(&output_path).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pack_with_assets() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        fs::write(&stub_path, b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        // Create staging directory with a test file
        let staging = temp_dir.path().join("staging");
        let mut collector = AssetCollector::new(staging).unwrap();

        // Add a fake layer
        collector
            .add_layer("sha256:abc123def456", b"layer content")
            .unwrap();

        // Create manifest
        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "test:latest".to_string(),
            "sha256:test".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack with assets
        let output_path = temp_dir.path().join("packed");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest)
            .with_stub(&stub_path)
            .with_assets(collector);
        packer.pack(&output_path).unwrap();

        // Verify we can read the manifest with layer info
        let manifest = read_manifest(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(manifest.assets.layers.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(manifest.assets.layers[0].digest, "sha256:abc123def456");

        // Extract and verify assets
        let extract_dir = temp_dir.path().join("extracted");
        extract_assets(&output_path, &extract_dir).unwrap();

        let layer_file = extract_dir.join("layers/abc123def456.tar");
        assert!(layer_file.exists());
        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&layer_file).unwrap(), "layer content");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pack_embedded() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        fs::write(&stub_path, b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        // Create manifest
        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "alpine:latest".to_string(),
            "sha256:abc123".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack embedded (single file)
        let output_path = temp_dir.path().join("packed-single");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest).with_stub(&stub_path);
        let info = packer.pack_embedded(&output_path).unwrap();

        // Should have no sidecar
        assert!(info.sidecar_path.is_none());
        assert!(info.stub_size > 0);
        assert!(info.total_size > info.stub_size);

        // Sidecar file should NOT exist
        let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(&output_path);
        assert!(!sidecar.exists());

        // Output file should contain everything
        let output_size = fs::metadata(&output_path).unwrap().len();
        assert_eq!(output_size, info.total_size);

        // Read back - embedded mode has non-zero assets_offset
        let footer = read_footer(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert!(footer.assets_offset > 0); // Embedded mode indicator
        assert_eq!(footer.stub_size, info.stub_size);

        let manifest = read_manifest(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(manifest.image, "alpine:latest");

        // Verify checksum
        assert!(verify_checksum(&output_path).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pack_embedded_with_assets() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        fs::write(&stub_path, b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        // Create staging directory with a test file
        let staging = temp_dir.path().join("staging");
        let mut collector = AssetCollector::new(staging).unwrap();

        // Add a fake layer. The digest must be at least 12 characters after
        // `sha256:` and valid hex — it is used as a filesystem path, so
        // `add_layer` rejects anything else (see 680ba8d9).
        collector
            .add_layer("sha256:abcdef123456", b"embedded layer content")
            .unwrap();

        // Create manifest
        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "test:embedded".to_string(),
            "sha256:test".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack embedded with assets
        let output_path = temp_dir.path().join("packed-embedded");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest)
            .with_stub(&stub_path)
            .with_assets(collector);
        packer.pack_embedded(&output_path).unwrap();

        // Verify we can read the manifest with layer info
        let manifest = read_manifest(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(manifest.assets.layers.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(manifest.assets.layers[0].digest, "sha256:abcdef123456");

        // Verify footer indicates embedded mode
        let footer = read_footer(&output_path).unwrap();
        assert!(footer.assets_offset > 0);
        assert!(!is_sidecar_mode(&footer));

        // Extract and verify assets
        let extract_dir = temp_dir.path().join("extracted");
        extract_assets(&output_path, &extract_dir).unwrap();

        let layer_file = extract_dir.join("layers/abcdef123456.tar"); // First 12 chars
        assert!(layer_file.exists());
        assert_eq!(
            fs::read_to_string(&layer_file).unwrap(),
            "embedded layer content"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sidecar_checksum_verification() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        fs::write(&stub_path, b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "alpine:latest".to_string(),
            "sha256:abc123".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack sidecar mode
        let output_path = temp_dir.path().join("packed");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest).with_stub(&stub_path);
        packer.pack(&output_path).unwrap();

        let sidecar = sidecar_path_for(&output_path);
        let footer = read_footer_from_sidecar(&sidecar).unwrap();

        // Valid sidecar should pass
        assert!(verify_sidecar_checksum(&sidecar, &footer).unwrap());

        // Corrupt the sidecar by flipping a byte in the assets region
        let mut data = fs::read(&sidecar).unwrap();
        if !data.is_empty() {
            data[0] ^= 0xFF;
        }
        fs::write(&sidecar, &data).unwrap();

        // Corrupted sidecar should fail checksum
        assert!(!verify_sidecar_checksum(&sidecar, &footer).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_footer_bounds_reject_oversized_manifest() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let sidecar = temp_dir.path().join("bad.smolmachine");

        // Craft a footer with manifest_size exceeding the 16 MiB cap
        let footer = PackFooter {
            stub_size: 0,
            assets_offset: 0,
            assets_size: 100,
            manifest_offset: 100,
            manifest_size: 32 * 1024 * 1024, // 32 MiB — exceeds cap
            checksum: 0,
        };

        // Write a minimal sidecar: some bytes + footer
        let footer_bytes = footer.to_bytes();
        let mut data = vec![0u8; 200]; // some dummy content
        data.extend_from_slice(&footer_bytes);
        fs::write(&sidecar, &data).unwrap();

        let result = read_footer_from_sidecar(&sidecar);
        assert!(result.is_err());
        let err_msg = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
        assert!(err_msg.contains("exceeds maximum"), "got: {}", err_msg);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_footer_bounds_reject_manifest_offset_mismatch() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let sidecar = temp_dir.path().join("mismatch.smolmachine");

        // In sidecar mode (assets_offset=0), manifest_offset must == assets_size.
        // Craft a footer where manifest_offset points elsewhere.
        let footer = PackFooter {
            stub_size: 0,
            assets_offset: 0, // sidecar mode
            assets_size: 100,
            manifest_offset: 50, // should be 100 — points into assets region
            manifest_size: 50,
            checksum: 0,
        };

        let footer_bytes = footer.to_bytes();
        // File needs: 100 (assets) + 50 (manifest) + 64 (footer) = 214 bytes
        let mut data = vec![0u8; 150];
        data.extend_from_slice(&footer_bytes);
        fs::write(&sidecar, &data).unwrap();

        let result = read_footer_from_sidecar(&sidecar);
        assert!(result.is_err());
        let err_msg = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
        assert!(
            err_msg.contains("manifest_offset") && err_msg.contains("does not match"),
            "got: {}",
            err_msg
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sidecar_vs_embedded_mode_detection() {
        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();

        // Create a dummy stub
        let stub_path = temp_dir.path().join("stub");
        fs::write(&stub_path, b"#!/bin/sh\necho stub").unwrap();

        let manifest = PackManifest::new(
            "test:latest".to_string(),
            "sha256:test".to_string(),
            "linux/arm64".to_string(),
            "darwin/arm64".to_string(),
        );

        // Pack sidecar mode
        let sidecar_output = temp_dir.path().join("sidecar-mode");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest.clone()).with_stub(&stub_path);
        packer.pack(&sidecar_output).unwrap();

        // Pack embedded mode
        let embedded_output = temp_dir.path().join("embedded-mode");
        let packer = Packer::new(manifest).with_stub(&stub_path);
        packer.pack_embedded(&embedded_output).unwrap();

        // Verify mode detection
        let sidecar_footer = read_footer(&sidecar_output).unwrap();
        let embedded_footer = read_footer(&embedded_output).unwrap();

        assert!(is_sidecar_mode(&sidecar_footer));
        assert!(!is_sidecar_mode(&embedded_footer));

        // Both should have valid checksums
        assert!(verify_checksum(&sidecar_output).unwrap());
        assert!(verify_checksum(&embedded_output).unwrap());
    }
}