sklears_simd/
fpga.rs

1//! FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) acceleration support for SIMD operations
2//!
3//! This module provides FPGA interfaces for custom hardware acceleration of
4//! machine learning operations with fallback to CPU SIMD implementations.
5
6use crate::traits::SimdError;
7
8#[cfg(feature = "no-std")]
9use alloc::collections::BTreeMap as HashMap;
10#[cfg(feature = "no-std")]
11use alloc::{
12    boxed::Box,
13    format,
14    string::{String, ToString},
15    vec,
16    vec::Vec,
17};
18#[cfg(not(feature = "no-std"))]
19use std::collections::HashMap;
20
21#[cfg(feature = "no-std")]
22use core::{any::Any, cmp::Ordering, f32::consts::PI};
23#[cfg(not(feature = "no-std"))]
24use std::{any::Any, cmp::Ordering, f32::consts::PI};
25
26/// FPGA vendor types
27#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
28pub enum FpgaVendor {
29    Intel,
30    Xilinx,
31    Microsemi,
32    Lattice,
33    Altera,
34}
35
36/// FPGA device information
37#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
38pub struct FpgaDevice {
39    pub id: u32,
40    pub name: String,
41    pub vendor: FpgaVendor,
42    pub part_number: String,
43    pub logic_elements: u32,
44    pub memory_blocks: u32,
45    pub dsp_blocks: u32,
46    pub io_pins: u32,
47    pub max_frequency_mhz: f64,
48    pub power_consumption_w: f64,
49}
50
51/// FPGA bitstream configuration
52#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
53pub struct FpgaBitstream {
54    pub name: String,
55    pub version: String,
56    pub target_device: String,
57    pub functionality: Vec<FpgaFunction>,
58    pub resource_usage: FpgaResourceUsage,
59    pub bitstream_data: Vec<u8>,
60}
61
62/// FPGA function types
63#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
64pub enum FpgaFunction {
65    MatrixMultiply,
66    Convolution,
67    FFT,
68    FIR,
69    Sorting,
70    Reduction,
71    Activation,
72    Custom(u32),
73}
74
75/// FPGA resource usage
76#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
77pub struct FpgaResourceUsage {
78    pub logic_elements: u32,
79    pub memory_blocks: u32,
80    pub dsp_blocks: u32,
81    pub io_pins: u32,
82    pub utilization_percent: f64,
83}
84
85/// FPGA memory buffer
86#[derive(Debug)]
87pub struct FpgaBuffer<T> {
88    pub ptr: *mut T,
89    pub size: usize,
90    pub device: FpgaDevice,
91    pub memory_type: FpgaMemoryType,
92    #[allow(dead_code)] // Reserved for native FPGA buffer handle (Xilinx XRT / Intel OpenCL)
93    backend_handle: Option<Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
94}
95
96/// FPGA memory types
97#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
98pub enum FpgaMemoryType {
99    OnChip,
100    DDR,
101    HBM,
102    BRAM,
103    URAM,
104}
105
106unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for FpgaBuffer<T> {}
107unsafe impl<T: Sync> Sync for FpgaBuffer<T> {}
108
109impl<T> Drop for FpgaBuffer<T> {
110    fn drop(&mut self) {
111        // Free FPGA memory when buffer is dropped
112    }
113}
114
115/// FPGA context for managing resources
116pub struct FpgaContext {
117    pub device: FpgaDevice,
118    pub loaded_bitstreams: HashMap<String, FpgaBitstream>,
119    pub active_functions: Vec<FpgaFunction>,
120    #[allow(dead_code)] // Reserved for native FPGA context (Xilinx XRT / Intel OpenCL)
121    backend_context: Option<Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>,
122}
123
124/// FPGA kernel configuration
125#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
126pub struct FpgaKernelConfig {
127    pub function: FpgaFunction,
128    pub input_buffers: Vec<u32>,
129    pub output_buffers: Vec<u32>,
130    pub parameters: HashMap<String, f64>,
131    pub pipeline_depth: u32,
132    pub parallelism_factor: u32,
133}
134
135impl Default for FpgaKernelConfig {
136    fn default() -> Self {
137        Self {
138            function: FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply,
139            input_buffers: vec![0, 1],
140            output_buffers: vec![2],
141            parameters: HashMap::new(),
142            pipeline_depth: 1,
143            parallelism_factor: 1,
144        }
145    }
146}
147
148/// FPGA operations interface
149pub trait FpgaOperations {
150    /// Load bitstream to FPGA
151    fn load_bitstream(&mut self, bitstream: &FpgaBitstream) -> Result<(), SimdError>;
152
153    /// Allocate FPGA memory
154    fn allocate<T>(
155        &self,
156        size: usize,
157        memory_type: FpgaMemoryType,
158    ) -> Result<FpgaBuffer<T>, SimdError>;
159
160    /// Copy data from host to FPGA
161    fn copy_to_fpga<T>(
162        &self,
163        host_data: &[T],
164        fpga_buffer: &mut FpgaBuffer<T>,
165    ) -> Result<(), SimdError>;
166
167    /// Copy data from FPGA to host
168    fn copy_to_host<T>(
169        &self,
170        fpga_buffer: &FpgaBuffer<T>,
171        host_data: &mut [T],
172    ) -> Result<(), SimdError>;
173
174    /// Execute FPGA kernel
175    fn execute_kernel(
176        &self,
177        config: &FpgaKernelConfig,
178        buffers: &[&FpgaBuffer<u8>],
179    ) -> Result<(), SimdError>;
180
181    /// Query FPGA status
182    fn get_status(&self) -> Result<FpgaStatus, SimdError>;
183
184    /// Reset FPGA
185    fn reset(&self) -> Result<(), SimdError>;
186}
187
188/// FPGA status information
189#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
190pub struct FpgaStatus {
191    pub temperature_c: f64,
192    pub power_consumption_w: f64,
193    pub utilization_percent: f64,
194    pub clock_frequency_mhz: f64,
195    pub memory_usage_percent: f64,
196    pub active_functions: Vec<FpgaFunction>,
197}
198
199/// FPGA runtime implementation
200pub struct FpgaRuntime {
201    devices: Vec<FpgaDevice>,
202    contexts: Vec<FpgaContext>,
203    bitstream_library: HashMap<String, FpgaBitstream>,
204}
205
206impl FpgaRuntime {
207    /// Create new FPGA runtime
208    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, SimdError> {
209        let devices = Self::discover_devices()?;
210        let contexts = Vec::new();
211        let bitstream_library = Self::load_bitstream_library()?;
212
213        Ok(Self {
214            devices,
215            contexts,
216            bitstream_library,
217        })
218    }
219
220    /// Discover available FPGA devices
221    fn discover_devices() -> Result<Vec<FpgaDevice>, SimdError> {
222        // In a real implementation, this would interface with FPGA drivers
223        // For now, return empty list or simulated devices
224        Ok(vec![])
225    }
226
227    /// Load bitstream library
228    fn load_bitstream_library() -> Result<HashMap<String, FpgaBitstream>, SimdError> {
229        let mut library = HashMap::new();
230
231        // Add pre-built bitstreams for common operations
232        library.insert(
233            "matmul_f32".to_string(),
234            FpgaBitstream {
235                name: "Matrix Multiply F32".to_string(),
236                version: "1.0.0".to_string(),
237                target_device: "xcvu9p".to_string(),
238                functionality: vec![FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply],
239                resource_usage: FpgaResourceUsage {
240                    logic_elements: 50000,
241                    memory_blocks: 100,
242                    dsp_blocks: 200,
243                    io_pins: 50,
244                    utilization_percent: 45.0,
245                },
246                bitstream_data: vec![],
247            },
248        );
249
250        library.insert(
251            "conv2d_f32".to_string(),
252            FpgaBitstream {
253                name: "Convolution 2D F32".to_string(),
254                version: "1.0.0".to_string(),
255                target_device: "xcvu9p".to_string(),
256                functionality: vec![FpgaFunction::Convolution],
257                resource_usage: FpgaResourceUsage {
258                    logic_elements: 75000,
259                    memory_blocks: 150,
260                    dsp_blocks: 300,
261                    io_pins: 75,
262                    utilization_percent: 67.0,
263                },
264                bitstream_data: vec![],
265            },
266        );
267
268        Ok(library)
269    }
270
271    /// Get available FPGA devices
272    pub fn devices(&self) -> &[FpgaDevice] {
273        &self.devices
274    }
275
276    /// Get available bitstreams
277    pub fn bitstreams(&self) -> &HashMap<String, FpgaBitstream> {
278        &self.bitstream_library
279    }
280
281    /// Create context for FPGA device
282    pub fn create_context(&mut self, device_id: u32) -> Result<&mut FpgaContext, SimdError> {
283        let device = self
284            .devices
285            .get(device_id as usize)
286            .ok_or_else(|| SimdError::InvalidArgument("Invalid FPGA device ID".to_string()))?;
287
288        let context = FpgaContext {
289            device: device.clone(),
290            loaded_bitstreams: HashMap::new(),
291            active_functions: Vec::new(),
292            backend_context: None,
293        };
294
295        self.contexts.push(context);
296        Ok(self.contexts.last_mut().expect("operation should succeed"))
297    }
298
299    /// Check if FPGA is available
300    pub fn is_available() -> bool {
301        // In a real implementation, this would check for FPGA drivers
302        false
303    }
304
305    /// Get optimal bitstream for function
306    pub fn get_optimal_bitstream(&self, function: FpgaFunction) -> Option<&FpgaBitstream> {
307        self.bitstream_library
308            .values()
309            .find(|bs| bs.functionality.contains(&function))
310    }
311}
312
313/// FPGA-optimized operations
314pub mod ops {
315    use super::*;
316
317    /// FPGA matrix multiplication
318    pub fn fpga_matmul(
319        a: &[f32],
320        b: &[f32],
321        c: &mut [f32],
322        m: usize,
323        n: usize,
324        k: usize,
325        device: Option<&FpgaDevice>,
326    ) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
327        if device.is_none() {
328            // Fallback to CPU SIMD - simple implementation
329            return matrix_multiply_fallback(a, b, c, m, n, k);
330        }
331
332        // FPGA implementation would go here
333        // For now, fall back to CPU SIMD
334        matrix_multiply_fallback(a, b, c, m, n, k)
335    }
336
337    /// FPGA convolution
338    pub fn fpga_conv2d(
339        _input: &[f32],
340        _kernel: &[f32],
341        _output: &mut [f32],
342        _input_shape: &[usize],
343        _kernel_shape: &[usize],
344        device: Option<&FpgaDevice>,
345    ) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
346        if device.is_none() {
347            // Fallback to CPU SIMD
348            return Err(SimdError::NotImplemented(
349                "CPU conv2d not implemented".to_string(),
350            ));
351        }
352
353        // FPGA implementation would go here
354        Err(SimdError::NotImplemented(
355            "FPGA conv2d not implemented".to_string(),
356        ))
357    }
358
359    /// FPGA FFT
360    pub fn fpga_fft(
361        input: &[f32],
362        output: &mut [f32],
363        n: usize,
364        device: Option<&FpgaDevice>,
365    ) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
366        if device.is_none() {
367            // Fallback to CPU SIMD
368            return fft_fallback(input, output, n);
369        }
370
371        // FPGA implementation would go here
372        fft_fallback(input, output, n)
373    }
374
375    /// FPGA sorting
376    pub fn fpga_sort(data: &mut [f32], device: Option<&FpgaDevice>) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
377        if device.is_none() {
378            // Fallback to CPU SIMD
379            return quicksort_fallback(data);
380        }
381
382        // FPGA implementation would go here
383        quicksort_fallback(data)
384    }
385}
386
387/// FPGA design tools
388pub mod design {
389    use super::*;
390
391    /// High-level synthesis parameters
392    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
393    pub struct HlsConfig {
394        pub target_frequency_mhz: f64,
395        pub pipeline_depth: u32,
396        pub unroll_factor: u32,
397        pub data_width: u32,
398        pub memory_partitioning: bool,
399    }
400
401    impl Default for HlsConfig {
402        fn default() -> Self {
403            Self {
404                target_frequency_mhz: 200.0,
405                pipeline_depth: 4,
406                unroll_factor: 4,
407                data_width: 32,
408                memory_partitioning: true,
409            }
410        }
411    }
412
413    /// Generate FPGA design for operation
414    pub fn generate_design(
415        function: FpgaFunction,
416        config: &HlsConfig,
417    ) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
418        match function {
419            FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply => generate_matmul_design(config),
420            FpgaFunction::Convolution => generate_conv_design(config),
421            FpgaFunction::FFT => generate_fft_design(config),
422            FpgaFunction::FIR => generate_fir_design(config),
423            FpgaFunction::Sorting => generate_sort_design(config),
424            FpgaFunction::Reduction => generate_reduction_design(config),
425            FpgaFunction::Activation => generate_activation_design(config),
426            FpgaFunction::Custom(_) => Err(SimdError::NotImplemented(
427                "Custom design generation not implemented".to_string(),
428            )),
429        }
430    }
431
432    fn generate_matmul_design(config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
433        let design = format!(
434            "// Generated FPGA Matrix Multiply Design\n\
435             // Target Frequency: {} MHz\n\
436             // Pipeline Depth: {}\n\
437             // Unroll Factor: {}\n\
438             \n\
439             module matmul_f32 (\n\
440                 input wire clk,\n\
441                 input wire rst,\n\
442                 input wire [{}:0] a_data,\n\
443                 input wire [{}:0] b_data,\n\
444                 output reg [{}:0] c_data,\n\
445                 input wire start,\n\
446                 output reg done\n\
447             );\n\
448             \n\
449             // Implementation would go here\n\
450             \n\
451             endmodule",
452            config.target_frequency_mhz,
453            config.pipeline_depth,
454            config.unroll_factor,
455            config.data_width - 1,
456            config.data_width - 1,
457            config.data_width - 1
458        );
459
460        Ok(design)
461    }
462
463    fn generate_conv_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
464        Ok("// Generated FPGA Convolution Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
465    }
466
467    fn generate_fft_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
468        Ok("// Generated FPGA FFT Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
469    }
470
471    fn generate_fir_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
472        Ok("// Generated FPGA FIR Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
473    }
474
475    fn generate_sort_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
476        Ok("// Generated FPGA Sorting Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
477    }
478
479    fn generate_reduction_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
480        Ok("// Generated FPGA Reduction Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
481    }
482
483    fn generate_activation_design(_config: &HlsConfig) -> Result<String, SimdError> {
484        Ok("// Generated FPGA Activation Design\n// Implementation would go here".to_string())
485    }
486}
487
488/// Simple fallback implementations for missing functions
489fn matrix_multiply_fallback(
490    a: &[f32],
491    b: &[f32],
492    c: &mut [f32],
493    m: usize,
494    n: usize,
495    k: usize,
496) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
497    if a.len() != m * k || b.len() != k * n || c.len() != m * n {
498        return Err(SimdError::DimensionMismatch {
499            expected: m * n,
500            actual: c.len(),
501        });
502    }
503
504    for i in 0..m {
505        for j in 0..n {
506            let mut sum = 0.0;
507            for ki in 0..k {
508                sum += a[i * k + ki] * b[ki * n + j];
509            }
510            c[i * n + j] = sum;
511        }
512    }
513    Ok(())
514}
515
516fn fft_fallback(input: &[f32], output: &mut [f32], n: usize) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
517    if input.len() != n || output.len() != n {
518        return Err(SimdError::DimensionMismatch {
519            expected: n,
520            actual: input.len(),
521        });
522    }
523
524    // Simple DFT fallback (not efficient but works)
525    for (k, out_k) in output.iter_mut().enumerate() {
526        let mut real_sum = 0.0f32;
527        let mut imag_sum = 0.0f32;
528
529        for (j, &inp) in input.iter().enumerate() {
530            let angle = -2.0 * PI * (k * j) as f32 / n as f32;
531            real_sum += inp * angle.cos();
532            imag_sum += inp * angle.sin();
533        }
534
535        // For simplicity, just store the magnitude
536        *out_k = (real_sum * real_sum + imag_sum * imag_sum).sqrt();
537    }
538
539    Ok(())
540}
541
542fn quicksort_fallback(data: &mut [f32]) -> Result<(), SimdError> {
543    if data.is_empty() {
544        return Ok(());
545    }
546
547    data.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
548    Ok(())
549}
550
551#[allow(non_snake_case)]
552#[cfg(all(test, not(feature = "no-std")))]
553mod tests {
554    use super::*;
555
556    #[cfg(feature = "no-std")]
557    use alloc::{
558        boxed::Box,
559        string::{String, ToString},
560        vec,
561        vec::Vec,
562    };
563
564    #[test]
565    fn test_fpga_runtime_creation() {
566        let runtime = FpgaRuntime::new();
567        assert!(runtime.is_ok());
568    }
569
570    #[test]
571    fn test_fpga_availability() {
572        // FPGA should not be available in test environment
573        assert!(!FpgaRuntime::is_available());
574    }
575
576    #[test]
577    fn test_fpga_kernel_config_default() {
578        let config = FpgaKernelConfig::default();
579        assert_eq!(config.function, FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply);
580        assert_eq!(config.pipeline_depth, 1);
581        assert_eq!(config.parallelism_factor, 1);
582    }
583
584    #[test]
585    fn test_fpga_matmul_fallback() {
586        let a = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0];
587        let b = vec![5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0];
588        let mut c = vec![0.0; 4];
589
590        let result = ops::fpga_matmul(&a, &b, &mut c, 2, 2, 2, None);
591        assert!(result.is_ok());
592    }
593
594    #[test]
595    fn test_fpga_sort_fallback() {
596        let mut data = vec![3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 5.0];
597        let result = ops::fpga_sort(&mut data, None);
598        assert!(result.is_ok());
599    }
600
601    #[test]
602    fn test_hls_config_default() {
603        let config = design::HlsConfig::default();
604        assert_eq!(config.target_frequency_mhz, 200.0);
605        assert_eq!(config.pipeline_depth, 4);
606        assert_eq!(config.unroll_factor, 4);
607        assert!(config.memory_partitioning);
608    }
609
610    #[test]
611    fn test_design_generation() {
612        let config = design::HlsConfig::default();
613        let design = design::generate_design(FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply, &config);
614        assert!(design.is_ok());
615
616        let design_str = design.expect("operation should succeed");
617        assert!(design_str.contains("module matmul_f32"));
618        assert!(design_str.contains("200"));
619    }
620
621    #[test]
622    fn test_bitstream_library() {
623        let runtime = FpgaRuntime::new().expect("operation should succeed");
624        let bitstreams = runtime.bitstreams();
625        assert!(bitstreams.contains_key("matmul_f32"));
626        assert!(bitstreams.contains_key("conv2d_f32"));
627    }
628
629    #[test]
630    fn test_optimal_bitstream_selection() {
631        let runtime = FpgaRuntime::new().expect("operation should succeed");
632        let bitstream = runtime.get_optimal_bitstream(FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply);
633        assert!(bitstream.is_some());
634
635        let bs = bitstream.expect("operation should succeed");
636        assert!(bs.functionality.contains(&FpgaFunction::MatrixMultiply));
637    }
638}
sklears_simd/fpga.rs

sklears_simd/
fpga.rs
