use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;

use crate::{protocol, Hub};

#[cfg(feature = "client")]
use crate::Client;

#[cfg(feature = "client")]
const MAX_SPANS: usize = 1_000;

// global API:

/// Start a new Performance Monitoring Transaction.
///
/// The transaction needs to be explicitly finished via [`Transaction::finish`],
/// otherwise it will be discarded.
/// The transaction itself also represents the root span in the span hierarchy.
/// Child spans can be started with the [`Transaction::start_child`] method.
pub fn start_transaction(ctx: TransactionContext) -> Transaction {
    #[cfg(feature = "client")]
    {
        let client = Hub::with_active(|hub| hub.client());
        Transaction::new(client, ctx)
    }
    #[cfg(not(feature = "client"))]
    {
        Transaction::new_noop(ctx)
    }
}

// Hub API:

impl Hub {
    /// Start a new Performance Monitoring Transaction.
    ///
    /// See the global [`start_transaction`] for more documentation.
    pub fn start_transaction(&self, ctx: TransactionContext) -> Transaction {
        #[cfg(feature = "client")]
        {
            Transaction::new(self.client(), ctx)
        }
        #[cfg(not(feature = "client"))]
        {
            Transaction::new_noop(ctx)
        }
    }
}

// "Context" Types:

/// The Transaction Context used to start a new Performance Monitoring Transaction.
///
/// The Transaction Context defines the metadata for a Performance Monitoring
/// Transaction, and also the connection point for distributed tracing.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct TransactionContext {
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "client"), allow(dead_code))]
    name: String,
    op: String,
    trace_id: protocol::TraceId,
    parent_span_id: Option<protocol::SpanId>,
    sampled: Option<bool>,
}

impl TransactionContext {
    /// Creates a new Transaction Context with the given `name` and `op`.
    ///
    /// See <https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/native/enriching-events/transaction-name/>
    /// for an explanation of a Transaction's `name`, and
    /// <https://develop.sentry.dev/sdk/performance/span-operations/> for conventions
    /// around an `operation`'s value.
    ///
    /// See also the [`TransactionContext::continue_from_headers`] function that
    /// can be used for distributed tracing.
    #[must_use = "this must be used with `start_transaction`"]
    pub fn new(name: &str, op: &str) -> Self {
        Self::continue_from_headers(name, op, vec![])
    }

    /// Creates a new Transaction Context based on the distributed tracing `headers`.
    ///
    /// The `headers` in particular need to include the `sentry-trace` header,
    /// which is used to associate the transaction with a distributed trace.
    #[must_use = "this must be used with `start_transaction`"]
    pub fn continue_from_headers<'a, I: IntoIterator<Item = (&'a str, &'a str)>>(
        name: &str,
        op: &str,
        headers: I,
    ) -> Self {
        let mut trace = None;
        for (k, v) in headers.into_iter() {
            if k.eq_ignore_ascii_case("sentry-trace") {
                trace = parse_sentry_trace(v);
            }
        }

        let (trace_id, parent_span_id, sampled) = match trace {
            Some(trace) => (trace.0, Some(trace.1), trace.2),
            None => (protocol::TraceId::default(), None, None),
        };

        Self {
            name: name.into(),
            op: op.into(),
            trace_id,
            parent_span_id,
            sampled,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new Transaction Context based on an existing Span.
    ///
    /// This should be used when an independent computation is spawned on another
    /// thread and should be connected to the calling thread via a distributed
    /// tracing transaction.
    pub fn continue_from_span(name: &str, op: &str, span: Option<TransactionOrSpan>) -> Self {
        let span = match span {
            Some(span) => span,
            None => return Self::new(name, op),
        };

        let (trace_id, parent_span_id, sampled) = match span {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => {
                let inner = transaction.inner.lock().unwrap();
                (
                    inner.context.trace_id,
                    inner.context.span_id,
                    Some(inner.sampled),
                )
            }
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => {
                let sampled = span.sampled;
                let span = span.span.lock().unwrap();
                (span.trace_id, span.span_id, Some(sampled))
            }
        };

        Self {
            name: name.into(),
            op: op.into(),
            trace_id,
            parent_span_id: Some(parent_span_id),
            sampled,
        }
    }

    /// Set the sampling decision for this Transaction.
    ///
    /// This can be either an explicit boolean flag, or [`None`], which will fall
    /// back to use the configured `traces_sample_rate` option.
    pub fn set_sampled(&mut self, sampled: impl Into<Option<bool>>) {
        self.sampled = sampled.into();
    }
}

// global API types:

/// A wrapper that groups a [`Transaction`] and a [`Span`] together.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum TransactionOrSpan {
    /// A [`Transaction`].
    Transaction(Transaction),
    /// A [`Span`].
    Span(Span),
}

impl From<Transaction> for TransactionOrSpan {
    fn from(transaction: Transaction) -> Self {
        Self::Transaction(transaction)
    }
}

impl From<Span> for TransactionOrSpan {
    fn from(span: Span) -> Self {
        Self::Span(span)
    }
}

impl TransactionOrSpan {
    /// Set some extra information to be sent with this Transaction/Span.
    pub fn set_data(&self, key: &str, value: protocol::Value) {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.set_data(key, value),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.set_data(key, value),
        }
    }

    /// Set the status of the Transaction/Span.
    pub fn get_status(&self) -> Option<protocol::SpanStatus> {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.get_status(),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.get_status(),
        }
    }

    /// Set the status of the Transaction/Span.
    pub fn set_status(&self, status: protocol::SpanStatus) {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.set_status(status),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.set_status(status),
        }
    }

    /// Set the HTTP request information for this Transaction/Span.
    pub fn set_request(&self, request: protocol::Request) {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.set_request(request),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.set_request(request),
        }
    }

    /// Returns the headers needed for distributed tracing.
    pub fn iter_headers(&self) -> TraceHeadersIter {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.iter_headers(),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.iter_headers(),
        }
    }

    /// Starts a new child Span with the given `op` and `description`.
    ///
    /// The span must be explicitly finished via [`Span::finish`], as it will
    /// otherwise not be sent to Sentry.
    #[must_use = "a span must be explicitly closed via `finish()`"]
    pub fn start_child(&self, op: &str, description: &str) -> Span {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.start_child(op, description),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.start_child(op, description),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "client")]
    pub(crate) fn apply_to_event(&self, event: &mut protocol::Event<'_>) {
        if event.contexts.contains_key("trace") {
            return;
        }

        let context = match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => {
                transaction.inner.lock().unwrap().context.clone()
            }
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => {
                let span = span.span.lock().unwrap();
                protocol::TraceContext {
                    span_id: span.span_id,
                    trace_id: span.trace_id,
                    ..Default::default()
                }
            }
        };
        event.contexts.insert("trace".into(), context.into());
    }

    /// Finishes the Transaction/Span.
    ///
    /// This records the end timestamp and either sends the inner [`Transaction`]
    /// directly to Sentry, or adds the [`Span`] to its transaction.
    pub fn finish(self) {
        match self {
            TransactionOrSpan::Transaction(transaction) => transaction.finish(),
            TransactionOrSpan::Span(span) => span.finish(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct TransactionInner {
    #[cfg(feature = "client")]
    client: Option<Arc<Client>>,
    sampled: bool,
    context: protocol::TraceContext,
    pub(crate) transaction: Option<protocol::Transaction<'static>>,
}

type TransactionArc = Arc<Mutex<TransactionInner>>;

/// A running Performance Monitoring Transaction.
///
/// The transaction needs to be explicitly finished via [`Transaction::finish`],
/// otherwise neither the transaction nor any of its child spans will be sent
/// to Sentry.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Transaction {
    pub(crate) inner: TransactionArc,
}

impl Transaction {
    #[cfg(feature = "client")]
    fn new(mut client: Option<Arc<Client>>, ctx: TransactionContext) -> Self {
        let context = protocol::TraceContext {
            trace_id: ctx.trace_id,
            parent_span_id: ctx.parent_span_id,
            op: Some(ctx.op),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let (sampled, mut transaction) = match client.as_ref() {
            Some(client) => (
                ctx.sampled
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| client.sample_traces_should_send()),
                Some(protocol::Transaction {
                    name: Some(ctx.name),
                    ..Default::default()
                }),
            ),
            None => (ctx.sampled.unwrap_or(false), None),
        };

        // throw away the transaction here, which means there is nothing to send
        // on `finish`.
        if !sampled {
            transaction = None;
            client = None;
        }

        Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionInner {
                client,
                sampled,
                context,
                transaction,
            })),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(not(feature = "client"))]
    fn new_noop(ctx: TransactionContext) -> Self {
        let context = protocol::TraceContext {
            trace_id: ctx.trace_id,
            parent_span_id: ctx.parent_span_id,
            op: Some(ctx.op),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let sampled = ctx.sampled.unwrap_or(false);

        Self {
            inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TransactionInner {
                sampled,
                context,
                transaction: None,
            })),
        }
    }

    /// Set some extra information to be sent with this Transaction.
    pub fn set_data(&self, key: &str, value: protocol::Value) {
        let mut inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        if let Some(transaction) = inner.transaction.as_mut() {
            transaction.extra.insert(key.into(), value);
        }
    }

    /// Get the status of the Transaction.
    pub fn get_status(&self) -> Option<protocol::SpanStatus> {
        let inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        inner.context.status
    }

    /// Set the status of the Transaction.
    pub fn set_status(&self, status: protocol::SpanStatus) {
        let mut inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        inner.context.status = Some(status);
    }

    /// Set the HTTP request information for this Transaction.
    pub fn set_request(&self, request: protocol::Request) {
        let mut inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        if let Some(transaction) = inner.transaction.as_mut() {
            transaction.request = Some(request);
        }
    }

    /// Returns the headers needed for distributed tracing.
    pub fn iter_headers(&self) -> TraceHeadersIter {
        let inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        let trace = SentryTrace(
            inner.context.trace_id,
            inner.context.span_id,
            Some(inner.sampled),
        );
        TraceHeadersIter {
            sentry_trace: Some(trace.to_string()),
        }
    }

    /// Finishes the Transaction.
    ///
    /// This records the end timestamp and sends the transaction together with
    /// all finished child spans to Sentry.
    pub fn finish(self) {
        with_client_impl! {{
            let mut inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
            if let Some(mut transaction) = inner.transaction.take() {
                if let Some(client) = inner.client.take() {
                    transaction.finish();
                    transaction
                        .contexts
                        .insert("trace".into(), inner.context.clone().into());

                    // TODO: apply the scope to the transaction, whatever that means
                    let opts = client.options();
                    transaction.release = opts.release.clone();
                    transaction.environment = opts.environment.clone();
                    transaction.sdk = Some(std::borrow::Cow::Owned(client.sdk_info.clone()));

                    let mut envelope = protocol::Envelope::new();
                    envelope.add_item(transaction);

                    client.send_envelope(envelope)
                }
            }
        }}
    }

    /// Starts a new child Span with the given `op` and `description`.
    ///
    /// The span must be explicitly finished via [`Span::finish`].
    #[must_use = "a span must be explicitly closed via `finish()`"]
    pub fn start_child(&self, op: &str, description: &str) -> Span {
        let inner = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
        let span = protocol::Span {
            trace_id: inner.context.trace_id,
            parent_span_id: Some(inner.context.span_id),
            op: Some(op.into()),
            description: if description.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                Some(description.into())
            },
            ..Default::default()
        };
        Span {
            transaction: Arc::clone(&self.inner),
            sampled: inner.sampled,
            span: Arc::new(Mutex::new(span)),
        }
    }
}

/// A running Performance Monitoring Span.
///
/// The span needs to be explicitly finished via [`Span::finish`], otherwise it
/// will not be sent to Sentry.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Span {
    pub(crate) transaction: TransactionArc,
    sampled: bool,
    span: SpanArc,
}

type SpanArc = Arc<Mutex<protocol::Span>>;

impl Span {
    /// Set some extra information to be sent with this Transaction.
    pub fn set_data(&self, key: &str, value: protocol::Value) {
        let mut span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        span.data.insert(key.into(), value);
    }

    /// Get the status of the Span.
    pub fn get_status(&self) -> Option<protocol::SpanStatus> {
        let span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        span.status
    }

    /// Set the status of the Span.
    pub fn set_status(&self, status: protocol::SpanStatus) {
        let mut span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        span.status = Some(status);
    }

    /// Set the HTTP request information for this Span.
    pub fn set_request(&self, request: protocol::Request) {
        let mut span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        // Extract values from the request to be used as data in the span.
        if let Some(method) = request.method {
            span.data.insert("method".into(), method.into());
        }
        if let Some(url) = request.url {
            span.data.insert("url".into(), url.to_string().into());
        }
        if let Some(data) = request.data {
            if let Ok(data) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&data) {
                span.data.insert("data".into(), data);
            } else {
                span.data.insert("data".into(), data.into());
            }
        }
        if let Some(query_string) = request.query_string {
            span.data.insert("query_string".into(), query_string.into());
        }
        if let Some(cookies) = request.cookies {
            span.data.insert("cookies".into(), cookies.into());
        }
        if !request.headers.is_empty() {
            if let Ok(headers) = serde_json::to_value(request.headers) {
                span.data.insert("headers".into(), headers);
            }
        }
        if !request.env.is_empty() {
            if let Ok(env) = serde_json::to_value(request.env) {
                span.data.insert("env".into(), env);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns the headers needed for distributed tracing.
    pub fn iter_headers(&self) -> TraceHeadersIter {
        let span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        let trace = SentryTrace(span.trace_id, span.span_id, Some(self.sampled));
        TraceHeadersIter {
            sentry_trace: Some(trace.to_string()),
        }
    }

    /// Finishes the Span.
    ///
    /// This will record the end timestamp and add the span to the transaction
    /// in which it was started.
    pub fn finish(self) {
        with_client_impl! {{
            let mut span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
            if span.timestamp.is_some() {
                // the span was already finished
                return;
            }
            span.finish();
            let mut inner = self.transaction.lock().unwrap();
            if let Some(transaction) = inner.transaction.as_mut() {
                if transaction.spans.len() <= MAX_SPANS {
                    transaction.spans.push(span.clone());
                }
            }
        }}
    }

    /// Starts a new child Span with the given `op` and `description`.
    ///
    /// The span must be explicitly finished via [`Span::finish`].
    #[must_use = "a span must be explicitly closed via `finish()`"]
    pub fn start_child(&self, op: &str, description: &str) -> Span {
        let span = self.span.lock().unwrap();
        let span = protocol::Span {
            trace_id: span.trace_id,
            parent_span_id: Some(span.span_id),
            op: Some(op.into()),
            description: if description.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                Some(description.into())
            },
            ..Default::default()
        };
        Span {
            transaction: self.transaction.clone(),
            sampled: self.sampled,
            span: Arc::new(Mutex::new(span)),
        }
    }
}

/// An Iterator over HTTP header names and values needed for distributed tracing.
///
/// This currently only yields the `sentry-trace` header, but other headers
/// may be added in the future.
pub struct TraceHeadersIter {
    sentry_trace: Option<String>,
}

impl Iterator for TraceHeadersIter {
    type Item = (&'static str, String);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.sentry_trace.take().map(|st| ("sentry-trace", st))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
struct SentryTrace(protocol::TraceId, protocol::SpanId, Option<bool>);

fn parse_sentry_trace(header: &str) -> Option<SentryTrace> {
    let header = header.trim();
    let mut parts = header.splitn(3, '-');

    let trace_id = parts.next()?.parse().ok()?;
    let parent_span_id = parts.next()?.parse().ok()?;
    let parent_sampled = parts.next().and_then(|sampled| match sampled {
        "1" => Some(true),
        "0" => Some(false),
        _ => None,
    });

    Some(SentryTrace(trace_id, parent_span_id, parent_sampled))
}

impl std::fmt::Display for SentryTrace {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}-{}", self.0, self.1)?;
        if let Some(sampled) = self.2 {
            write!(f, "-{}", if sampled { '1' } else { '0' })?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::str::FromStr;

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn parses_sentry_trace() {
        let trace_id = protocol::TraceId::from_str("09e04486820349518ac7b5d2adbf6ba5").unwrap();
        let parent_trace_id = protocol::SpanId::from_str("9cf635fa5b870b3a").unwrap();

        let trace = parse_sentry_trace("09e04486820349518ac7b5d2adbf6ba5-9cf635fa5b870b3a-0");
        assert_eq!(
            trace,
            Some(SentryTrace(trace_id, parent_trace_id, Some(false)))
        );

        let trace = SentryTrace(Default::default(), Default::default(), None);
        let parsed = parse_sentry_trace(&format!("{}", trace));
        assert_eq!(parsed, Some(trace));
    }

    #[test]
    fn disabled_forwards_trace_id() {
        let headers = [(
            "SenTrY-TRAce",
            "09e04486820349518ac7b5d2adbf6ba5-9cf635fa5b870b3a-1",
        )];
        let ctx = TransactionContext::continue_from_headers("noop", "noop", headers);
        let trx = start_transaction(ctx);

        let span = trx.start_child("noop", "noop");

        let header = span.iter_headers().next().unwrap().1;
        let parsed = parse_sentry_trace(&header).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(&parsed.0.to_string(), "09e04486820349518ac7b5d2adbf6ba5");
        assert_eq!(parsed.2, Some(true));
    }
}