secure_gate/

fixed.rs

use core::convert::TryFrom;
use core::fmt;

#[cfg(feature = "rand")]
use rand::rand_core::OsError;

use crate::FromSliceError;

/// Stack-allocated secure secret wrapper.
///
/// This is a zero-cost wrapper for fixed-size secrets like byte arrays or primitives.
/// The inner field is private, forcing all access through explicit methods.
///
/// Security invariants:
/// - No `Deref` or `AsRef` — prevents silent access or borrowing.
/// - No implicit `Copy` — even for `[u8; N]`, duplication must be explicit via `.clone()`.
/// - `Debug` is always redacted.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Basic usage:
/// ```
/// use secure_gate::Fixed;
/// let secret = Fixed::new(42u32);
/// assert_eq!(*secret.expose_secret(), 42);
/// ```
///
/// For byte arrays (most common):
/// ```
/// use secure_gate::{Fixed, fixed_alias};
/// fixed_alias!(Aes256Key, 32);
/// let key_bytes = [0x42u8; 32];
/// let key: Aes256Key = Fixed::from(key_bytes);
/// assert_eq!(key.len(), 32);
/// assert_eq!(key.expose_secret()[0], 0x42);
/// ```
///
/// With `zeroize` feature (automatic wipe on drop):
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
/// # {
/// use secure_gate::Fixed;
/// let mut secret = Fixed::new([1u8, 2, 3]);
/// drop(secret); // memory wiped automatically
/// # }
/// ```
pub struct Fixed<T>(T); // ← field is PRIVATE

impl<T> Fixed<T> {
    /// Wrap a value in a `Fixed` secret.
    ///
    /// This is zero-cost and const-friendly.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// const SECRET: Fixed<u32> = Fixed::new(42);
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn new(value: T) -> Self {
        Fixed(value)
    }

    /// Expose the inner value for read-only access.
    ///
    /// This is the **only** way to read the secret — loud and auditable.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let secret = Fixed::new("hunter2");
    /// assert_eq!(secret.expose_secret(), &"hunter2");
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn expose_secret(&self) -> &T {
        &self.0
    }

    /// Expose the inner value for mutable access.
    ///
    /// This is the **only** way to mutate the secret — loud and auditable.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let mut secret = Fixed::new([1u8, 2, 3]);
    /// secret.expose_secret_mut()[0] = 42;
    /// assert_eq!(secret.expose_secret()[0], 42);
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn expose_secret_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        &mut self.0
    }
}

/// # Byte-array specific helpers
impl<const N: usize> Fixed<[u8; N]> {
    /// Returns the fixed length in bytes.
    ///
    /// This is safe public metadata — does not expose the secret.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn len(&self) -> usize {
        N
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the fixed secret is empty (zero-length).
    ///
    /// This is safe public metadata — does not expose the secret.
    #[inline(always)]
    pub const fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        N == 0
    }

    /// Create from a byte slice of exactly `N` bytes.
    ///
    /// Panics if the slice length does not match `N`.
    /// For fallible construction, use `TryFrom<&[u8]>` instead.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let bytes: &[u8] = &[1, 2, 3];
    /// let secret = Fixed::<[u8; 3]>::from_slice(bytes);
    /// assert_eq!(secret.expose_secret(), &[1, 2, 3]);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_slice(bytes: &[u8]) -> Self {
        Self::try_from(bytes).expect("slice length mismatch")
    }
}

/// Implements `TryFrom<&[u8]>` for creating a [`Fixed`] from a byte slice of exact length.
impl<const N: usize> core::convert::TryFrom<&[u8]> for Fixed<[u8; N]> {
    type Error = FromSliceError;

    fn try_from(slice: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        if slice.len() != N {
            Err(FromSliceError::new(slice.len(), N))
        } else {
            let mut arr = [0u8; N];
            arr.copy_from_slice(slice);
            Ok(Self::new(arr))
        }
    }
}

impl<const N: usize> From<[u8; N]> for Fixed<[u8; N]> {
    /// Wrap a raw byte array in a `Fixed` secret.
    ///
    /// Zero-cost conversion.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let key: Fixed<[u8; 4]> = [1, 2, 3, 4].into();
    /// ```
    #[inline(always)]
    fn from(arr: [u8; N]) -> Self {
        Self::new(arr)
    }
}

/// Debug implementation (always redacted).
impl<T> fmt::Debug for Fixed<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("[REDACTED]")
    }
}

/// Regular equality — fallback when `ct-eq` feature is disabled.
#[cfg(not(feature = "ct-eq"))]
impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for Fixed<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.expose_secret() == other.expose_secret()
    }
}

/// Equality — available when `ct-eq` is not enabled.
#[cfg(not(feature = "ct-eq"))]
impl<T: Eq> Eq for Fixed<T> {}

/// Opt-in Clone — only for types marked `CloneSafe` (default no-clone).
#[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
impl<T: crate::CloneSafe> Clone for Fixed<T> {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self(self.0.clone())
    }
}

/// Constant-time equality — only available with `ct-eq` feature.
#[cfg(feature = "ct-eq")]
impl<const N: usize> Fixed<[u8; N]> {
    /// Constant-time equality comparison.
    ///
    /// This is the **only safe way** to compare two fixed-size secrets.
    /// Available only when the `ct-eq` feature is enabled.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[cfg(feature = "ct-eq")]
    /// # {
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let a = Fixed::new([1u8; 32]);
    /// let b = Fixed::new([1u8; 32]);
    /// assert!(a.ct_eq(&b));
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn ct_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        use crate::ct_eq::ConstantTimeEq;
        self.expose_secret().ct_eq(other.expose_secret())
    }
}

/// Random generation — only available with `rand` feature.
#[cfg(feature = "rand")]
impl<const N: usize> Fixed<[u8; N]> {
    /// Generate fresh random bytes using the OS RNG.
    ///
    /// This is a convenience method that generates random bytes directly
    /// without going through `FixedRandom`. Equivalent to:
    /// `FixedRandom::<N>::generate().into_inner()`
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
    /// # {
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let key: Fixed<[u8; 32]> = Fixed::generate_random();
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn generate_random() -> Self {
        crate::random::FixedRandom::<N>::generate().into_inner()
    }

    /// Try to generate random bytes for Fixed.
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the RNG fails.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
    /// # {
    /// use secure_gate::Fixed;
    /// let key: Result<Fixed<[u8; 32]>, rand::rand_core::OsError> = Fixed::try_generate_random();
    /// assert!(key.is_ok());
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_generate_random() -> Result<Self, OsError> {
        crate::random::FixedRandom::<N>::try_generate()
            .map(|rng: crate::random::FixedRandom<N>| rng.into_inner())
    }
}

/// Zeroize integration.
#[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
impl<T: zeroize::Zeroize> zeroize::Zeroize for Fixed<T> {
    fn zeroize(&mut self) {
        self.0.zeroize();
    }
}

/// Zeroize on drop integration.
#[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
impl<T: zeroize::Zeroize> zeroize::ZeroizeOnDrop for Fixed<T> {}