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use std::collections::btree_map::Range;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::iter::Chain;
use std::ops::Bound::Excluded;
use std::ops::Bound::Included;
use std::ops::Bound::Unbounded;

#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct STree<K, V>(BTreeMap<K, V>);

impl<K: Ord, V> STree<K, V> {
    /// Makes a empty tree
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(BTreeMap::new())
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the value corresponding to the key
    pub fn get(&self, key: K) -> Option<&V> {
        self.0.get(&key)
    }

    /// Inserts a key-value pair into the tree
    ///
    /// If the tree did not have this key present, `None` is returned
    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Option<V> {
        self.0.insert(key, value)
    }

    /// Removes a key from the tree, returning the value at the key if the key
    /// was previously in the tree
    pub fn remove(&mut self, key: K) -> Option<V> {
        self.0.remove(&key)
    }
}

impl<V> STree<u64, V> {
    /// Finds the best element by proximity to the target within common bits threshold
    pub fn find_best_single(&self, target: u64, common_bits: u32) -> Option<(u64, &V)> {
        let mut elements_iterator = self.find(target, common_bits);

        let mut best_element = match elements_iterator.next() {
            Some((&k, v)) => (k, v),
            None => {
                return None;
            }
        };
        let mut best_element_diff = (best_element.0 as i128 - target as i128).abs();

        for (&k, v) in elements_iterator {
            let element_diff = (k as i128 - target as i128).abs();
            if element_diff < best_element_diff {
                best_element = (k, v);
                best_element_diff = element_diff;
            }
        }

        Some(best_element)
    }

    /// Finds elements within common bits threshold and returns them sorted by proximity to the
    /// target, the first one being the closest one
    pub fn find_best_sorted(&self, target: u64, common_bits: u32) -> Vec<(u64, &V)> {
        let mut sorted_elements: Vec<(i128, u64, &V)> = self
            .find(target, common_bits)
            .map(|(&k, v)| ((k as i128 - target as i128).abs(), k, v))
            .collect();
        sorted_elements.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
        sorted_elements
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(_, k, v)| (k, v))
            .collect()
    }

    fn find(&self, target: u64, common_bits: u32) -> Chain<Range<u64, V>, Range<u64, V>> {
        let deviation = 2u64.pow(64 - common_bits) / 2;
        let start = target.wrapping_sub(deviation);
        let end = target.wrapping_add(deviation);

        if start > end {
            // Wrapping range over the end of the map key space
            self.0
                .range((Included(start), Unbounded))
                .chain(self.0.range((Unbounded, Included(end))))
        } else {
            // Wrapping is not necessary here, but having the same type allows things to compile
            self.0
                .range((Included(start), Excluded(target)))
                .chain(self.0.range((Included(target), Included(end))))
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn basic_test() {
        let mut tree = STree::<u64, ()>::new();

        let num_1 = 10u64;
        let num_2 = 15u64;
        let num_3 = u64::max_value() - 5;
        let num_4 = 999u64;
        let num_x = u64::max_value() - 999;
        let num_y = 2000u64;
        let num_z = 12u64;
        let num_w = 0u64;

        assert!(tree.insert(num_1, ()).is_none());
        assert!(tree.insert(num_2, ()).is_none());
        assert!(tree.insert(num_3, ()).is_none());
        assert!(tree.insert(num_4, ()).is_none());

        assert!(tree.get(num_1).is_some());
        assert!(tree.get(num_2).is_some());
        assert!(tree.get(num_3).is_some());
        assert!(tree.get(num_4).is_some());

        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_1, 64 - 1), Some((num_1, &())));
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_2, 64 - 1), Some((num_2, &())));
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_x, 64 - 1), None);
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_x, 64 - 11), Some((num_3, &())));
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_y, 64 - 1), None);
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_y, 64 - 11), Some((num_4, &())));
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_z, 64 - 2), Some((num_1, &())));
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_w, 64 - 3), None);
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_single(num_w, 64 - 4), Some((num_3, &())));

        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_sorted(num_1, 64 - 1).len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_sorted(num_1, 64 - 4).len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(
            tree.find_best_sorted(num_1, 64 - 4),
            vec![(num_1, &()), (num_2, &())]
        );
        assert_eq!(tree.find_best_sorted(num_1, 64 - 10).len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(
            tree.find_best_sorted(num_1, 64 - 10),
            vec![(num_1, &()), (num_2, &()), (num_3, &())]
        );
    }
}