Module units 

Unit conversions, dimensional analysis and the CODATA constants.

The flat conversion functions below are the original contents of this module and are unchanged. What sits alongside them now is the typed machinery: quantity carries a value together with its seven SI exponents so that adding a length to a time is a compile-time-shaped error rather than a silent number, and dimensional does the analysis those exponents make possible – Buckingham’s theorem over exact rationals, the named dimensionless groups, natural units and the Planck scale.

Modules

dimensional

Dimensional analysis: Buckingham’s theorem, the named groups, natural units and the Planck scale.

quantity

Values that carry their dimensions.

Functions

amp_hours_to_coulombs

Convert ampere-hours to coulombs: C = Ah × 3600

amu_to_kg

Convert atomic mass units to kilograms: kg = amu × 1.66054×10⁻²⁷

angstrom_to_meters

Convert angstroms to meters: m = Å × 10⁻¹⁰

atm_to_pa

Convert atmospheres to pascals: Pa = atm × 101325

au_to_meters

Convert astronomical units to meters: m = AU × 1.496×10¹¹

bar_to_pa

Convert bar to pascals: Pa = bar × 10⁵

btu_per_hour_to_watts

Convert BTU per hour to watts: W = BTU/h × 0.293071

btu_to_joules

Convert British thermal units to joules: J = BTU × 1055.06

calories_to_joules

Convert calories to joules: J = cal × 4.184

coulombs_to_amp_hours

Convert coulombs to ampere-hours: Ah = C / 3600

degrees_to_radians

Convert degrees to radians: rad = deg × π / 180

ev_to_joules

Convert electron-volts to joules: J = eV × e

ev_to_wavelength

Converts photon energy in eV to wavelength in meters via λ = hc/E.

feet_to_meters

Convert feet to meters: m = ft / 3.28084

horsepower_to_watts

Convert mechanical horsepower to watts: W = hp × 745.7

inches_to_meters

Convert inches to meters: m = in / 39.3701

joules_to_btu

Convert joules to British thermal units: BTU = J / 1055.06

joules_to_calories

Convert joules to calories: cal = J / 4.184

joules_to_ev

Convert joules to electron-volts: eV = J / e

joules_to_kg_coal

Convert joules to kg of coal equivalent: kg = J / 2.9×10⁷

joules_to_kg_hydrogen

Convert joules to kg of hydrogen equivalent: kg = J / 1.42×10⁸

joules_to_kg_oil

Convert joules to kg of oil equivalent: kg = J / 4.187×10⁷

joules_to_kg_tnt

Convert joules to kg of TNT equivalent: kg = J / 4.184×10⁶

joules_to_kwh

Convert joules to kilowatt-hours: kWh = J / 3.6×10⁶

joules_to_liters_gasoline

Convert joules to liters of gasoline equivalent: L = J / 3.4×10⁷

joules_to_watt_hours

Convert joules to watt-hours: Wh = J / 3600

kcal_per_hour_to_watts

Convert kilocalories per hour to watts: W = kcal/h × 1.163

kg_coal_to_joules

Convert kg of coal equivalent to joules: J = kg × 2.9×10⁷

kg_hydrogen_to_joules

Convert kg of hydrogen to joules: J = kg × 1.42×10⁸

kg_oil_to_joules

Convert kg of oil equivalent to joules: J = kg × 4.187×10⁷

kg_tnt_to_joules

Convert kg of TNT equivalent to joules: J = kg × 4.184×10⁶

kg_to_amu

Convert kilograms to atomic mass units: amu = kg / 1.66054×10⁻²⁷

kg_to_lbs

Convert kilograms to pounds: lb = kg × 2.20462

kg_to_solar_masses

Convert kilograms to solar masses: M☉ = kg / 1.989×10³⁰

kilowatts_to_watts

Convert kilowatts to watts: W = kW × 10³

km_to_miles

Convert kilometers to miles: mi = km × 0.621371

kmh_to_mps

Convert kilometers per hour to meters per second: m/s = km/h / 3.6

knots_to_mps

Convert knots to meters per second: m/s = kt / 1.94384

kwh_to_joules

Convert kilowatt-hours to joules: J = kWh × 3.6×10⁶

lbs_to_kg

Convert pounds to kilograms: kg = lb / 2.20462

light_years_to_meters

Convert light-years to meters: m = ly × 9.461×10¹⁵

liters_gasoline_to_joules

Convert liters of gasoline to joules: J = L × 3.4×10⁷

mach_to_mps

Convert Mach number to meters per second: v = M × v_sound

megawatts_to_watts

Convert megawatts to watts: W = MW × 10⁶

meters_to_angstrom

Convert meters to angstroms: Å = m / 10⁻¹⁰

meters_to_au

Convert meters to astronomical units: AU = m / 1.496×10¹¹

meters_to_feet

Convert meters to feet: ft = m × 3.28084

meters_to_inches

Convert meters to inches: in = m × 39.3701

meters_to_light_years

Convert meters to light-years: ly = m / 9.461×10¹⁵

meters_to_nautical_miles

Convert meters to nautical miles: nmi = m / 1852

meters_to_parsec

Convert meters to parsecs: pc = m / 3.086×10¹⁶

miles_to_km

Convert miles to kilometers: km = mi / 0.621371

mmhg_to_pa

Convert millimeters of mercury to pascals: Pa = mmHg × 133.322

mph_to_mps

Convert miles per hour to meters per second: m/s = mph / 2.23694

mps_to_kmh

Convert meters per second to kilometers per hour: km/h = m/s × 3.6

mps_to_knots

Convert meters per second to knots: kt = m/s × 1.94384

mps_to_mach

Convert meters per second to Mach number: M = v / v_sound

mps_to_mph

Convert meters per second to miles per hour: mph = m/s × 2.23694

nautical_miles_to_meters

Convert nautical miles to meters: m = nmi × 1852

pa_to_atm

Convert pascals to atmospheres: atm = Pa / 101325

pa_to_bar

Convert pascals to bar: bar = Pa / 10⁵

pa_to_mmhg

Convert pascals to millimeters of mercury: mmHg = Pa / 133.322

pa_to_psi

Convert pascals to pounds per square inch: psi = Pa / 6894.76

parsec_to_meters

Convert parsecs to meters: m = pc × 3.086×10¹⁶

psi_to_pa

Convert pounds per square inch to pascals: Pa = psi × 6894.76

rad_per_sec_to_rpm

Convert radians per second to revolutions per minute: rpm = ω × 60 / (2π)

radians_to_degrees

Convert radians to degrees: deg = rad × 180 / π

rpm_to_rad_per_sec

Convert revolutions per minute to radians per second: ω = rpm × 2π / 60

seconds_to_years

Convert seconds to years: yr = s / 3.1557×10⁷

solar_masses_to_kg

Convert solar masses to kilograms: kg = M☉ × 1.989×10³⁰

tons_refrigeration_to_watts

Convert tons of refrigeration to watts: W = TR × 3516.85

watt_hours_to_joules

Convert watt-hours to joules: J = Wh × 3600

watts_to_btu_per_hour

Convert watts to BTU per hour: BTU/h = W / 0.293071

watts_to_horsepower

Convert watts to mechanical horsepower: hp = W / 745.7

watts_to_kcal_per_hour

Convert watts to kilocalories per hour: kcal/h = W / 1.163

watts_to_kilowatts

Convert watts to kilowatts: kW = W × 10⁻³

watts_to_megawatts

Convert watts to megawatts: MW = W × 10⁻⁶

watts_to_tons_refrigeration

Convert watts to tons of refrigeration: TR = W / 3516.85

wavelength_to_ev

Converts photon wavelength in meters to energy in eV via E = hc/λ.

years_to_seconds

Convert years to seconds: s = yr × 3.1557×10⁷