rust_web_server/state/

mod.rs

//! Shared application state and state-aware routing.
//!
//! [`AppWithState<S>`] combines a typed state value (database pools, config,
//! caches) with route registration.  Routes are tried first; requests that do
//! not match fall through to the built-in [`App`] controller chain (static
//! files, healthz, metrics, …).
//!
//! State is stored as an [`Arc<S>`] and shared across all handlers. Handlers
//! receive an immutable `&S` reference alongside the request context.
//!
//! # Example
//!
//! ```rust,no_run
//! use rust_web_server::state::AppWithState;
//! use rust_web_server::response::{Response, STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE};
//! use rust_web_server::range::Range;
//! use rust_web_server::mime_type::MimeType;
//! use rust_web_server::core::New;
//!
//! struct AppState {
//!     greeting: String,
//! }
//!
//! let app = AppWithState::new(AppState { greeting: "Hello".to_string() })
//!     .get("/greet", |_req, _params, _conn, state| {
//!         let mut r = Response::new();
//!         r.status_code = *STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.status_code;
//!         r.reason_phrase = STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.reason_phrase.to_string();
//!         r.content_range_list = vec![
//!             Range::get_content_range(
//!                 state.greeting.as_bytes().to_vec(),
//!                 MimeType::TEXT_PLAIN.to_string(),
//!             )
//!         ];
//!         r
//!     })
//!     .get("/users/:id", |_req, params, _conn, state| {
//!         let id = params.get("id").unwrap_or("?");
//!         let body = format!("{}, user {}!", state.greeting, id);
//!         let mut r = Response::new();
//!         r.status_code = *STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.status_code;
//!         r.reason_phrase = STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.reason_phrase.to_string();
//!         r.content_range_list = vec![
//!             Range::get_content_range(body.into_bytes(), MimeType::TEXT_PLAIN.to_string())
//!         ];
//!         r
//!     });
//! ```

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;

use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::app::App;
use crate::application::Application;
use crate::core::New;
use crate::middleware::{Middleware, WithMiddleware};
use crate::request::Request;
use crate::response::Response;
use crate::router::{PathParams, Router};
use crate::server::ConnectionInfo;
use crate::server_config::ServerConfig;
#[cfg(feature = "openapi")]
use crate::mime_type::MimeType;
#[cfg(feature = "openapi")]
use crate::range::Range;
#[cfg(feature = "openapi")]
use crate::response::STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE;

/// An [`Application`] that combines user-defined state-aware routes with the
/// built-in [`App`] controller chain as a fallback.
///
/// Routes are matched in registration order. The first match wins; unmatched
/// requests are forwarded to [`App`] (static files, health probes, etc.).
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct AppWithState<S> {
    state: Arc<S>,
    router: Router,
    /// Routes whose body the handler reads as a stream ([`Self::stream_body`]);
    /// matched only, never dispatched.
    streaming: Router,
    /// When `Some`, the fallback `App` is pinned to this config (see
    /// [`App::with_config`]); when `None`, the fallback reads
    /// `RWS_CONFIG_*` env vars per request via `App::new()`, same as `App`'s
    /// own default.
    config: Option<Arc<ServerConfig>>,
}

impl<S: Send + Sync + 'static> AppWithState<S> {
    /// Create a new `AppWithState` wrapping `state`.
    ///
    /// `state` is stored behind an `Arc` so it can be shared across threads
    /// without cloning. Register routes with the builder methods.
    pub fn new(state: S) -> Self {
        AppWithState {
            state: Arc::new(state),
            router: Router::new(),
            streaming: Router::new(),
            config: None,
        }
    }

    /// Pin the fallback [`App`] (used for any request this app's own routes
    /// don't match) to an explicit [`ServerConfig`], instead of reading
    /// `RWS_CONFIG_*` environment variables per request.
    ///
    /// Mirrors [`App::with_config`] — same rationale: safe for parallel
    /// tests (no `test_env::lock()` needed) and lets multiple
    /// differently-configured instances coexist in one process.
    pub fn with_config(mut self, config: ServerConfig) -> Self {
        self.config = Some(Arc::new(config));
        self
    }

    /// Return a reference to the shared state.
    pub fn state(&self) -> &S {
        &self.state
    }

    /// The fallback `App` for requests this app's own routes don't match —
    /// pinned to `self.config` if set, otherwise `App::new()`'s default
    /// per-request env read.
    fn fallback_app(&self) -> App {
        match &self.config {
            Some(c) => App::with_shared_config(Arc::clone(c)),
            None => App::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Register a `GET` handler for `pattern`.
    pub fn get<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&Request, &PathParams, &ConnectionInfo, &S) -> Response + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        self.router = self.router.get(pattern, move |req, params, conn| {
            handler(req, params, conn, &state)
        });
        self
    }

    /// Register a `POST` handler for `pattern`.
    pub fn post<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&Request, &PathParams, &ConnectionInfo, &S) -> Response + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        self.router = self.router.post(pattern, move |req, params, conn| {
            handler(req, params, conn, &state)
        });
        self
    }

    /// Register a `PUT` handler for `pattern`.
    pub fn put<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&Request, &PathParams, &ConnectionInfo, &S) -> Response + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        self.router = self.router.put(pattern, move |req, params, conn| {
            handler(req, params, conn, &state)
        });
        self
    }

    /// Register a `PATCH` handler for `pattern`.
    pub fn patch<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&Request, &PathParams, &ConnectionInfo, &S) -> Response + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        self.router = self.router.patch(pattern, move |req, params, conn| {
            handler(req, params, conn, &state)
        });
        self
    }

    /// Register a `DELETE` handler for `pattern`.
    pub fn delete<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(&Request, &PathParams, &ConnectionInfo, &S) -> Response + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        self.router = self.router.delete(pattern, move |req, params, conn| {
            handler(req, params, conn, &state)
        });
        self
    }

    /// Serve WebSocket connections at `pattern`: an upgrade request's
    /// connection goes to `handler` with the route's parameters and the
    /// state, anything else gets `426 Upgrade Required`. The handler runs
    /// on a thread of its own for the connection's life.
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use std::sync::Mutex;
    /// use rust_web_server::app::App;
    /// use rust_web_server::websocket::Message;
    ///
    /// let app = App::with_state(Mutex::new(0u64)).websocket("/count", |mut ws, _params, state| {
    ///     while let Ok(Some(Message::Text(_))) = ws.recv() {
    ///         let n = { let mut n = state.lock().unwrap(); *n += 1; *n };
    ///         let _ = ws.send_text(&n.to_string());
    ///     }
    /// });
    /// ```
    pub fn websocket<F>(mut self, pattern: &str, handler: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(crate::websocket::WebSocketConnection, PathParams, Arc<S>) + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        let state = Arc::clone(&self.state);
        let handler = Arc::new(handler);
        self.router = self.router.get(pattern, move |req, params, _conn| {
            let (handler, params, state) = (Arc::clone(&handler), params.clone(), Arc::clone(&state));
            crate::websocket::WebSocket::upgrade(req, move |ws| handler(ws, params, state))
        });
        self
    }

    /// Return a snapshot of all registered routes as `(method, pattern)` pairs.
    /// Hand requests to `method` `pattern` (same pattern syntax as the route)
    /// their body as a stream instead of reading it into memory first
    /// (#31): the handler reads `request.body` with `std::io::Read` while
    /// the upload is still arriving.
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use std::io::Read;
    /// use rust_web_server::app::App;
    /// use rust_web_server::response::{Response, STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE};
    ///
    /// let app = App::with_state(())
    ///     .put("/upload/:name", |request, params, _conn, _state| {
    ///         let mut file = std::fs::File::create(format!("/tmp/{}", params.get("name").unwrap())).unwrap();
    ///         let copied = std::io::copy(&mut &request.body, &mut file);
    ///         Response::text(STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok, &format!("{copied:?}"))
    ///     })
    ///     .stream_body("PUT", "/upload/:name");
    /// ```
    pub fn stream_body(mut self, method: &str, pattern: &str) -> Self {
        self.streaming = self.streaming.add(method, pattern, |_, _, _| Response::new());
        self
    }

    pub fn route_entries(&self) -> Vec<crate::router::RouteInfo> {
        self.router.route_entries()
    }

    /// Attach an MCP server to this application. Requests that do not match
    /// the MCP endpoint (`POST /mcp`) are forwarded to `self`, so all
    /// previously registered routes remain active.
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use rust_web_server::app::App;
    /// use rust_web_server::mcp::{McpContent, extract_arg};
    /// use rust_web_server::response::{Response, STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE};
    /// use rust_web_server::core::New;
    ///
    /// struct Db { url: String }
    ///
    /// let app = App::with_state(Db { url: "postgres://localhost/mydb".to_string() })
    ///     .get("/api/users", |_req, _params, _conn, _db| {
    ///         let mut r = Response::new();
    ///         r.status_code = *STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.status_code;
    ///         r.reason_phrase = STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.reason_phrase.to_string();
    ///         r
    ///     })
    ///     .mcp("my-server", "1.0")
    ///     .tool("list_users", "List all users", "{}", |_| {
    ///         Ok(McpContent::json(r#"[{"id":1,"name":"Alice"}]"#))
    ///     });
    /// ```
    pub fn mcp(self, name: impl Into<String>, version: impl Into<String>) -> crate::mcp::McpServer {
        crate::mcp::McpServer::new(name, version).wrap(self)
    }

    /// Wrap this application in a middleware layer.
    ///
    /// Enables fluent composition:
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use rust_web_server::app::App;
    /// use rust_web_server::core::New;
    /// use rust_web_server::middleware::RateLimitLayer;
    /// use rust_web_server::response::Response;
    ///
    /// let app = App::with_state(())
    ///     .get("/ping", |_, _, _, _| Response::new())
    ///     .wrap(RateLimitLayer);
    /// ```
    pub fn wrap<M: Middleware + 'static>(self, layer: M) -> WithMiddleware<AppWithState<S>> {
        WithMiddleware::new(self).wrap(layer)
    }

    /// Add `GET /openapi.json` (a generated OpenAPI 3.1 document covering
    /// every route registered so far) and `GET /docs` (Swagger UI, loaded
    /// from a CDN, pointed at `/openapi.json`).
    ///
    /// Call this *after* registering your routes — routes added afterward
    /// still work but won't appear in the generated spec, since it's built
    /// once at this call rather than read dynamically per request.
    ///
    /// Requires the `openapi` feature.
    ///
    /// ```rust,no_run
    /// use rust_web_server::app::App;
    /// use rust_web_server::openapi::OpenApiConfig;
    /// use rust_web_server::response::Response;
    /// use rust_web_server::core::New;
    ///
    /// let app = App::with_state(())
    ///     .get("/users", |_req, _params, _conn, _state| Response::new())
    ///     .get("/users/:id", |_req, _params, _conn, _state| Response::new())
    ///     .openapi(OpenApiConfig::new("My API", "1.0.0"));
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "openapi")]
    pub fn openapi(self, config: crate::openapi::OpenApiConfig) -> Self {
        let spec_json = Arc::new(crate::openapi::build_spec(&config, &self.route_entries()));
        let html = Arc::new(crate::openapi::swagger_ui_html("/openapi.json"));

        let spec_for_route = Arc::clone(&spec_json);
        self.get("/openapi.json", move |_req, _params, _conn, _state| {
            let mut r = Response::new();
            r.status_code = *STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.status_code;
            r.reason_phrase = STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.reason_phrase.to_string();
            r.content_range_list = vec![Range::get_content_range(
                spec_for_route.as_bytes().to_vec(),
                MimeType::APPLICATION_JSON.to_string(),
            )];
            r
        })
        .get("/docs", move |_req, _params, _conn, _state| {
            let mut r = Response::new();
            r.status_code = *STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.status_code;
            r.reason_phrase = STATUS_CODE_REASON_PHRASE.n200_ok.reason_phrase.to_string();
            r.content_range_list = vec![Range::get_content_range(
                html.as_bytes().to_vec(),
                MimeType::TEXT_HTML.to_string(),
            )];
            r
        })
    }
}

impl<S: Send + Sync + 'static> Application for AppWithState<S> {
    fn execute(&self, request: &Request, connection: &ConnectionInfo) -> Result<Response, String> {
        if let Some(response) = self.router.handle(request, connection) {
            return Ok(response);
        }
        self.fallback_app().execute(request, connection)
    }

    /// Route handlers are user code and may block: only requests no route
    /// matches, falling through to the built-in `App`, run inline.
    fn runs_inline(&self, request: &Request, connection: &ConnectionInfo) -> bool {
        !self.router.matches(request, connection) && App::is_inline_request(request)
    }

    fn streams_body(&self, request: &Request, connection: &ConnectionInfo) -> bool {
        self.streaming.matches(request, connection)
    }
}