rust_rule_engine/backward/

grl_query.rs

/// GRL Query Syntax Implementation
/// 
/// Provides parsing and execution of backward chaining queries defined in GRL syntax.
/// 
/// # Example
/// ```grl
/// query "CheckVIPStatus" {
///     goal: User.IsVIP == true
///     strategy: depth-first
///     max-depth: 10
///     on-success: {
///         User.DiscountRate = 0.2;
///         LogMessage("VIP confirmed");
///     }
/// }
/// ```

use crate::errors::RuleEngineError;
use crate::{Facts, Value};
use super::backward_engine::{BackwardEngine, BackwardConfig};
use super::search::SearchStrategy;
use super::query::{QueryResult, QueryStats, ProofTrace};

use std::collections::HashMap;

/// Search strategy option for queries
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum GRLSearchStrategy {
    DepthFirst,
    BreadthFirst,
    Iterative,
}

impl Default for GRLSearchStrategy {
    fn default() -> Self {
        GRLSearchStrategy::DepthFirst
    }
}

/// Action to execute based on query result
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QueryAction {
    /// Assignment: Variable = Value (as string to be parsed)
    pub assignments: Vec<(String, String)>,
    /// Function/method calls
    pub calls: Vec<String>,
}

impl QueryAction {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        QueryAction {
            assignments: Vec::new(),
            calls: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Execute the action on the given facts
    pub fn execute(&self, facts: &mut Facts) -> Result<(), RuleEngineError> {
        // Execute assignments - for now just log them
        for (var_name, value_str) in &self.assignments {
            // Simple value parsing
            let value = if value_str == "true" {
                Value::Boolean(true)
            } else if value_str == "false" {
                Value::Boolean(false)
            } else if let Ok(n) = value_str.parse::<f64>() {
                Value::Number(n)
            } else {
                // Remove quotes if present
                let cleaned = value_str.trim_matches('"');
                Value::String(cleaned.to_string())
            };
            
            facts.set(var_name, value);
        }

        // Execute function calls (log, etc.)
        for call in &self.calls {
            // Simple logging for now
            if call.starts_with("LogMessage") {
                println!("[Query Action] {}", call);
            } else if call.starts_with("Request") {
                println!("[Query Action] {}", call);
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

/// A GRL Query definition
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct GRLQuery {
    /// Query name
    pub name: String,
    
    /// Goal pattern to prove (as string expression)
    pub goal: String,
    
    /// Search strategy
    pub strategy: GRLSearchStrategy,
    
    /// Maximum search depth
    pub max_depth: usize,
    
    /// Maximum number of solutions
    pub max_solutions: usize,
    
    /// Enable memoization
    pub enable_memoization: bool,
    
    /// Action on success
    pub on_success: Option<QueryAction>,
    
    /// Action on failure
    pub on_failure: Option<QueryAction>,
    
    /// Action on missing facts
    pub on_missing: Option<QueryAction>,
    
    /// Parameters for parameterized queries
    pub params: HashMap<String, String>, // param_name -> type
    
    /// Conditional execution (as string condition)
    pub when_condition: Option<String>,
}

impl GRLQuery {
    /// Create a new query with defaults
    pub fn new(name: String, goal: String) -> Self {
        GRLQuery {
            name,
            goal,
            strategy: GRLSearchStrategy::default(),
            max_depth: 10,
            max_solutions: 1,
            enable_memoization: true,
            on_success: None,
            on_failure: None,
            on_missing: None,
            params: HashMap::new(),
            when_condition: None,
        }
    }

    /// Set search strategy
    pub fn with_strategy(mut self, strategy: GRLSearchStrategy) -> Self {
        self.strategy = strategy;
        self
    }

    /// Set max depth
    pub fn with_max_depth(mut self, max_depth: usize) -> Self {
        self.max_depth = max_depth;
        self
    }

    /// Set max solutions
    pub fn with_max_solutions(mut self, max_solutions: usize) -> Self {
        self.max_solutions = max_solutions;
        self
    }

    /// Set memoization
    pub fn with_memoization(mut self, enable: bool) -> Self {
        self.enable_memoization = enable;
        self
    }

    /// Add success action
    pub fn with_on_success(mut self, action: QueryAction) -> Self {
        self.on_success = Some(action);
        self
    }

    /// Add failure action
    pub fn with_on_failure(mut self, action: QueryAction) -> Self {
        self.on_failure = Some(action);
        self
    }

    /// Add missing facts action
    pub fn with_on_missing(mut self, action: QueryAction) -> Self {
        self.on_missing = Some(action);
        self
    }

    /// Add parameter
    pub fn with_param(mut self, name: String, type_name: String) -> Self {
        self.params.insert(name, type_name);
        self
    }

    /// Set conditional execution
    pub fn with_when(mut self, condition: String) -> Self {
        self.when_condition = Some(condition);
        self
    }

    /// Check if query should execute based on when condition
    pub fn should_execute(&self, _facts: &Facts) -> Result<bool, RuleEngineError> {
        // TODO: Implement condition evaluation
        // For now, always execute if no condition, or return true if condition exists
        Ok(true)
    }

    /// Execute success actions
    pub fn execute_success_actions(&self, facts: &mut Facts) -> Result<(), RuleEngineError> {
        if let Some(ref action) = self.on_success {
            action.execute(facts)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Execute failure actions
    pub fn execute_failure_actions(&self, facts: &mut Facts) -> Result<(), RuleEngineError> {
        if let Some(ref action) = self.on_failure {
            action.execute(facts)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Execute missing facts actions
    pub fn execute_missing_actions(&self, facts: &mut Facts) -> Result<(), RuleEngineError> {
        if let Some(ref action) = self.on_missing {
            action.execute(facts)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Convert to BackwardConfig
    pub fn to_config(&self) -> BackwardConfig {
        let search_strategy = match self.strategy {
            GRLSearchStrategy::DepthFirst => SearchStrategy::DepthFirst,
            GRLSearchStrategy::BreadthFirst => SearchStrategy::BreadthFirst,
            GRLSearchStrategy::Iterative => SearchStrategy::DepthFirst, // TODO: implement iterative
        };

        BackwardConfig {
            strategy: search_strategy,
            max_depth: self.max_depth,
            enable_memoization: self.enable_memoization,
            max_solutions: self.max_solutions,
        }
    }
}

/// Parser for GRL Query syntax
pub struct GRLQueryParser;

impl GRLQueryParser {
    /// Parse a query from string
    /// 
    /// # Example
    /// ```
    /// let query_str = r#"
    /// query "CheckVIP" {
    ///     goal: User.IsVIP == true
    ///     strategy: depth-first
    /// }
    /// "#;
    /// let query = GRLQueryParser::parse(query_str)?;
    /// ```
    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<GRLQuery, RuleEngineError> {
        let input = input.trim();

        // Extract query name
        let name = Self::extract_query_name(input)?;

        // Extract goal
        let goal = Self::extract_goal(input)?;

        // Create base query
        let mut query = GRLQuery::new(name, goal);

        // Parse optional attributes
        if let Some(strategy) = Self::extract_strategy(input) {
            query.strategy = strategy;
        }

        if let Some(max_depth) = Self::extract_max_depth(input) {
            query.max_depth = max_depth;
        }

        if let Some(max_solutions) = Self::extract_max_solutions(input) {
            query.max_solutions = max_solutions;
        }

        if let Some(enable_memo) = Self::extract_memoization(input) {
            query.enable_memoization = enable_memo;
        }

        // Parse actions
        if let Some(action) = Self::extract_on_success(input)? {
            query.on_success = Some(action);
        }

        if let Some(action) = Self::extract_on_failure(input)? {
            query.on_failure = Some(action);
        }

        if let Some(action) = Self::extract_on_missing(input)? {
            query.on_missing = Some(action);
        }

        // Parse when condition
        if let Some(condition) = Self::extract_when_condition(input)? {
            query.when_condition = Some(condition);
        }

        Ok(query)
    }

    fn extract_query_name(input: &str) -> Result<String, RuleEngineError> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r#"query\s+"([^"]+)"\s*\{"#).unwrap();
        if let Some(caps) = re.captures(input) {
            Ok(caps[1].to_string())
        } else {
            Err(RuleEngineError::ParseError {
                message: "Invalid query syntax: missing query name".to_string(),
            })
        }
    }

    fn extract_goal(input: &str) -> Result<String, RuleEngineError> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"goal:\s*([^\n}]+)").unwrap();
        if let Some(caps) = re.captures(input) {
            let goal_str = caps[1].trim().to_string();
            Ok(goal_str)
        } else {
            Err(RuleEngineError::ParseError {
                message: "Invalid query syntax: missing goal".to_string(),
            })
        }
    }

    fn extract_strategy(input: &str) -> Option<GRLSearchStrategy> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"strategy:\s*([a-z-]+)").unwrap();
        re.captures(input).and_then(|caps| {
            match caps[1].trim() {
                "depth-first" => Some(GRLSearchStrategy::DepthFirst),
                "breadth-first" => Some(GRLSearchStrategy::BreadthFirst),
                "iterative" => Some(GRLSearchStrategy::Iterative),
                _ => None,
            }
        })
    }

    fn extract_max_depth(input: &str) -> Option<usize> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"max-depth:\s*(\d+)").unwrap();
        re.captures(input)
            .and_then(|caps| caps[1].parse().ok())
    }

    fn extract_max_solutions(input: &str) -> Option<usize> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"max-solutions:\s*(\d+)").unwrap();
        re.captures(input)
            .and_then(|caps| caps[1].parse().ok())
    }

    fn extract_memoization(input: &str) -> Option<bool> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"enable-memoization:\s*(true|false)").unwrap();
        re.captures(input).and_then(|caps| {
            match caps[1].trim() {
                "true" => Some(true),
                "false" => Some(false),
                _ => None,
            }
        })
    }

    fn extract_on_success(input: &str) -> Result<Option<QueryAction>, RuleEngineError> {
        Self::extract_action_block(input, "on-success")
    }

    fn extract_on_failure(input: &str) -> Result<Option<QueryAction>, RuleEngineError> {
        Self::extract_action_block(input, "on-failure")
    }

    fn extract_on_missing(input: &str) -> Result<Option<QueryAction>, RuleEngineError> {
        Self::extract_action_block(input, "on-missing")
    }

    fn extract_action_block(input: &str, action_name: &str) -> Result<Option<QueryAction>, RuleEngineError> {
        let pattern = format!(r"{}:\s*\{{([^}}]+)\}}", action_name);
        let re = regex::Regex::new(&pattern).unwrap();
        
        if let Some(caps) = re.captures(input) {
            let block = caps[1].trim();
            let mut action = QueryAction::new();

            // Parse assignments: Variable = Value
            let assign_re = regex::Regex::new(r"([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_.]*)\s*=\s*([^;]+);").unwrap();
            for caps in assign_re.captures_iter(block) {
                let var_name = caps[1].trim().to_string();
                let value_str = caps[2].trim().to_string();
                action.assignments.push((var_name, value_str));
            }

            // Parse function calls: Function(...)
            let call_re = regex::Regex::new(r"([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\([^)]*\));").unwrap();
            for caps in call_re.captures_iter(block) {
                action.calls.push(caps[1].trim().to_string());
            }

            Ok(Some(action))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    fn extract_when_condition(input: &str) -> Result<Option<String>, RuleEngineError> {
        let re = regex::Regex::new(r"when:\s*([^\n}]+)").unwrap();
        if let Some(caps) = re.captures(input) {
            let condition_str = caps[1].trim().to_string();
            Ok(Some(condition_str))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    /// Parse multiple queries from a file
    pub fn parse_queries(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<GRLQuery>, RuleEngineError> {
        let mut queries = Vec::new();
        
        // Find all query blocks - use simpler approach
        // Split by "query" keyword and process each block
        let parts: Vec<&str> = input.split("query").collect();
        
        for part in parts.iter().skip(1) { // Skip first empty part
            let query_str = format!("query{}", part);
            // Find the matching closing brace
            if let Some(end_idx) = find_matching_brace(&query_str) {
                let complete_query = &query_str[..end_idx];
                if let Ok(query) = Self::parse(complete_query) {
                    queries.push(query);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(queries)
    }
}

// Helper function to find matching closing brace
fn find_matching_brace(input: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut depth = 0;
    let mut in_string = false;
    let mut escape_next = false;
    
    for (i, ch) in input.chars().enumerate() {
        if escape_next {
            escape_next = false;
            continue;
        }
        
        match ch {
            '\\' => escape_next = true,
            '"' => in_string = !in_string,
            '{' if !in_string => depth += 1,
            '}' if !in_string => {
                depth -= 1;
                if depth == 0 {
                    return Some(i + 1);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    
    None
}

/// Executor for GRL queries
pub struct GRLQueryExecutor;

impl GRLQueryExecutor {
    /// Execute a single query
    pub fn execute(
        query: &GRLQuery,
        bc_engine: &mut BackwardEngine,
        facts: &mut Facts,
    ) -> Result<QueryResult, RuleEngineError> {
        // Check when condition
        if !query.should_execute(facts)? {
            return Ok(QueryResult {
                provable: false,
                bindings: HashMap::new(),
                proof_trace: ProofTrace { goal: String::new(), steps: Vec::new() },
                missing_facts: Vec::new(),
                stats: QueryStats::default(),
            });
        }

        // Apply config
        bc_engine.set_config(query.to_config());

        // Parse compound goals (support && and !=)
        let result = if query.goal.contains("&&") {
            // Split on && and check all goals
            Self::execute_compound_and_goal(&query.goal, bc_engine, facts)?
        } else {
            // Single goal
            bc_engine.query(&query.goal, facts)?
        };

        // Execute appropriate actions
        if result.provable {
            query.execute_success_actions(facts)?;
        } else if !result.missing_facts.is_empty() {
            query.execute_missing_actions(facts)?;
        } else {
            query.execute_failure_actions(facts)?;
        }

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Execute compound AND goal (all must be true)
    fn execute_compound_and_goal(
        goal_expr: &str,
        bc_engine: &mut BackwardEngine,
        facts: &mut Facts,
    ) -> Result<QueryResult, RuleEngineError> {
        let sub_goals: Vec<&str> = goal_expr.split("&&").map(|s| s.trim()).collect();
        
        let mut all_provable = true;
        let mut combined_bindings = HashMap::new();
        let mut all_missing = Vec::new();
        let mut combined_stats = QueryStats::default();
        
        for (i, sub_goal) in sub_goals.iter().enumerate() {
            // Handle != by using expression parser directly
            let goal_satisfied = if sub_goal.contains("!=") {
                // Parse and evaluate the expression directly
                use crate::backward::expression::ExpressionParser;

                match ExpressionParser::parse(sub_goal) {
                    Ok(expr) => expr.is_satisfied(facts),
                    Err(_) => false,
                }
            } else {
                // Normal == comparison, use backward chaining
                let result = bc_engine.query(sub_goal, facts)?;
                result.provable
            };

            if !goal_satisfied {
                all_provable = false;
            }

            // Note: For compound goals with !=, we don't track missing facts well yet
            // This is a simplification for now
        }
        
        Ok(QueryResult {
            provable: all_provable,
            bindings: combined_bindings,
            proof_trace: ProofTrace { 
                goal: goal_expr.to_string(), 
                steps: Vec::new() 
            },
            missing_facts: all_missing,
            stats: combined_stats,
        })
    }

    /// Execute multiple queries
    pub fn execute_queries(
        queries: &[GRLQuery],
        bc_engine: &mut BackwardEngine,
        facts: &mut Facts,
    ) -> Result<Vec<QueryResult>, RuleEngineError> {
        let mut results = Vec::new();

        for query in queries {
            let result = Self::execute(query, bc_engine, facts)?;
            results.push(result);
        }

        Ok(results)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_simple_query() {
        let input = r#"
        query "TestQuery" {
            goal: User.IsVIP == true
        }
        "#;

        let query = GRLQueryParser::parse(input).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(query.name, "TestQuery");
        assert_eq!(query.strategy, GRLSearchStrategy::DepthFirst);
        assert_eq!(query.max_depth, 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_query_with_strategy() {
        let input = r#"
        query "TestQuery" {
            goal: User.IsVIP == true
            strategy: breadth-first
            max-depth: 5
        }
        "#;

        let query = GRLQueryParser::parse(input).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(query.strategy, GRLSearchStrategy::BreadthFirst);
        assert_eq!(query.max_depth, 5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_query_with_actions() {
        let input = r#"
        query "TestQuery" {
            goal: User.IsVIP == true
            on-success: {
                User.DiscountRate = 0.2;
                LogMessage("VIP confirmed");
            }
        }
        "#;

        let query = GRLQueryParser::parse(input).unwrap();
        assert!(query.on_success.is_some());
        
        let action = query.on_success.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(action.assignments.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(action.calls.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_query_with_when_condition() {
        let input = r#"
        query "TestQuery" {
            goal: User.IsVIP == true
            when: Environment.Mode == "Production"
        }
        "#;

        let query = GRLQueryParser::parse(input).unwrap();
        assert!(query.when_condition.is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_multiple_queries() {
        let input = r#"
        query "Query1" {
            goal: A == true
        }
        
        query "Query2" {
            goal: B == true
            strategy: breadth-first
        }
        "#;

        let queries = GRLQueryParser::parse_queries(input).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(queries.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(queries[0].name, "Query1");
        assert_eq!(queries[1].name, "Query2");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_query_config_conversion() {
        let query = GRLQuery::new(
            "Test".to_string(),
            "X == true".to_string(),
        )
        .with_strategy(GRLSearchStrategy::BreadthFirst)
        .with_max_depth(15)
        .with_memoization(false);

        let config = query.to_config();
        assert_eq!(config.max_depth, 15);
        assert_eq!(config.enable_memoization, false);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_action_execution() {
        let mut facts = Facts::new();

        let mut action = QueryAction::new();
        action.assignments.push((
            "User.DiscountRate".to_string(),
            "0.2".to_string(),
        ));

        action.execute(&mut facts).unwrap();

        // Check that assignment was executed
        let value = facts.get("User.DiscountRate");
        assert!(value.is_some());
    }
}