rumdl_lib/rules/

md040_fenced_code_language.rs

use crate::linguist_data::{default_alias, resolve_canonical};
use crate::rule::{Fix, LintError, LintResult, LintWarning, Rule, RuleCategory, Severity};
use crate::rule_config_serde::load_rule_config;
use crate::utils::range_utils::calculate_line_range;
use std::collections::HashMap;

/// Rule MD040: Fenced code blocks should have a language
///
/// See [docs/md040.md](../../docs/md040.md) for full documentation, configuration, and examples.
pub mod md040_config;

// ============================================================================
// MkDocs Superfences Attribute Detection
// ============================================================================

/// Prefixes that indicate MkDocs superfences attributes rather than language identifiers.
/// These are valid in MkDocs flavor without a language specification.
/// See: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/superfences/
const MKDOCS_SUPERFENCES_ATTR_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &[
    "title=",    // Block title
    "hl_lines=", // Highlighted lines
    "linenums=", // Line numbers
    ".",         // CSS class (e.g., .annotate)
    "#",         // CSS id
];

/// Check if a string starts with a MkDocs superfences attribute prefix
#[inline]
fn is_superfences_attribute(s: &str) -> bool {
    MKDOCS_SUPERFENCES_ATTR_PREFIXES
        .iter()
        .any(|prefix| s.starts_with(prefix))
}
use md040_config::{LanguageStyle, MD040Config, UnknownLanguageAction};

struct FencedCodeBlock {
    /// 0-indexed line number where the code block starts
    line_idx: usize,
    /// The language/info string (empty if no language specified)
    language: String,
    /// The fence marker used (``` or ~~~)
    fence_marker: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct MD040FencedCodeLanguage {
    config: MD040Config,
}

impl MD040FencedCodeLanguage {
    pub fn with_config(config: MD040Config) -> Self {
        Self { config }
    }

    /// The language a fence label names, or `None` when nothing recognizes it.
    ///
    /// Linguist stays authoritative, so a label it resolves keeps its canonical
    /// name and its aliases. `custom-languages` answers for the labels Linguist
    /// has no entry for, which lets a project name the languages it actually
    /// uses instead of accepting every unknown label.
    fn resolve_language(&self, label: &str) -> Option<&str> {
        resolve_canonical(label).or_else(|| self.config.custom_language(label))
    }

    /// Validate the configuration and return any errors
    fn validate_config(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut errors = Vec::new();

        // A fence label is the first whitespace-separated word of the info
        // string, so an entry holding whitespace anywhere, surrounding it
        // included, could never match one.
        for declared in &self.config.custom_languages {
            if declared.trim().is_empty() {
                errors.push("Empty entry in custom-languages.".to_string());
            } else if declared.chars().any(char::is_whitespace) {
                errors.push(format!(
                    "Custom language '{declared}' contains whitespace, so no fence label can match it."
                ));
            }
        }

        errors.extend(
            self.config
                .preferred_aliases
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|(language, alias)| self.config.preferred_alias_problem(language, alias)),
        );

        errors
    }

    /// Whether an inline comment turns this rule off for the block's fence line.
    ///
    /// A fence the rule is disabled for takes no part in the document's choice of
    /// label, so this is asked while counting labels as well as while reporting.
    fn is_disabled_at(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext, block: &FencedCodeBlock) -> bool {
        ctx.is_rule_disabled(self.name(), block.line_idx + 1)
    }

    /// Determine the preferred label for each canonical language in the document
    fn compute_preferred_labels(
        &self,
        ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext,
        blocks: &[FencedCodeBlock],
    ) -> HashMap<String, String> {
        // Group labels by canonical language
        let mut by_canonical: HashMap<String, Vec<&str>> = HashMap::new();

        for block in blocks {
            if self.is_disabled_at(ctx, block) {
                continue;
            }
            if block.language.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }
            if let Some(canonical) = self.resolve_language(&block.language) {
                by_canonical
                    .entry(canonical.to_string())
                    .or_default()
                    .push(&block.language);
            }
        }

        // Determine winning label for each canonical language
        let mut result = HashMap::new();

        for (canonical, labels) in by_canonical {
            // Check for user override first (case-insensitive lookup)
            let winner = if let Some(preferred) = self.config.preferred_label(&canonical) {
                preferred.to_string()
            } else {
                // Find most prevalent label
                let mut counts: HashMap<&str, usize> = HashMap::new();
                for label in &labels {
                    *counts.entry(*label).or_default() += 1;
                }

                let max_count = counts.values().max().copied().unwrap_or(0);
                let winners: Vec<_> = counts
                    .iter()
                    .filter(|(_, c)| **c == max_count)
                    .map(|(l, _)| *l)
                    .collect();

                if winners.len() == 1 {
                    winners[0].to_string()
                } else {
                    // Tie-break: use the curated default (or, for a custom
                    // language, its declared spelling), otherwise alphabetically first
                    default_alias(&canonical)
                        .or_else(|| self.config.custom_language(&canonical))
                        .filter(|default| winners.contains(default))
                        .map_or_else(
                            || winners.into_iter().min().unwrap().to_string(),
                            std::string::ToString::to_string,
                        )
                }
            };

            result.insert(canonical, winner);
        }

        result
    }

    /// Check if a language is allowed based on config
    fn check_language_allowed(&self, canonical: Option<&str>, original_label: &str) -> Option<String> {
        // Allowlist takes precedence
        if !self.config.allowed_languages.is_empty() {
            let allowed = self.config.allowed_languages.join(", ");
            let Some(canonical) = canonical else {
                return Some(format!(
                    "Language '{original_label}' is not in the allowed list: {allowed}"
                ));
            };
            if !self
                .config
                .allowed_languages
                .iter()
                .any(|a| a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(canonical))
            {
                return Some(format!(
                    "Language '{original_label}' ({canonical}) is not in the allowed list: {allowed}"
                ));
            }
        } else if !self.config.disallowed_languages.is_empty()
            && canonical.is_some_and(|canonical| {
                self.config
                    .disallowed_languages
                    .iter()
                    .any(|d| d.eq_ignore_ascii_case(canonical))
            })
        {
            let canonical = canonical.unwrap_or("unknown");
            return Some(format!("Language '{original_label}' ({canonical}) is disallowed"));
        }
        None
    }

    /// Check for unknown language based on config
    fn check_unknown_language(&self, label: &str) -> Option<(String, Severity)> {
        // GitHub accepts names, aliases, AND file extensions as fence labels
        // (```pytb highlights via the .pytb extension), so the unknown check
        // consults the full accept-set, not just resolvable aliases.
        if crate::linguist_data::is_known_language(label) || self.config.custom_language(label).is_some() {
            return None;
        }

        match self.config.unknown_language_action {
            UnknownLanguageAction::Ignore => None,
            UnknownLanguageAction::Warn => Some((
                format!(
                    "Unknown language '{label}' (not in GitHub Linguist). Syntax highlighting may not work. Add it to custom-languages to accept it."
                ),
                Severity::Warning,
            )),
            UnknownLanguageAction::Error => Some((
                format!(
                    "Unknown language '{label}' (not in GitHub Linguist). Add it to custom-languages to accept it."
                ),
                Severity::Error,
            )),
        }
    }
}

impl Rule for MD040FencedCodeLanguage {
    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "MD040"
    }

    fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
        "Code blocks should have a language specified"
    }

    fn check(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> LintResult {
        let mut warnings = Vec::new();

        // Validate config and emit warnings for invalid configuration
        for error in self.validate_config() {
            warnings.push(LintWarning {
                rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                line: 1,
                column: 1,
                end_line: 1,
                end_column: 1,
                message: format!("[config error] {error}"),
                severity: Severity::Error,
                fix: None,
            });
        }

        // Derive fenced code blocks from pre-computed context
        let fenced_blocks = derive_fenced_code_blocks(ctx);

        // Compute preferred labels for consistent mode
        let preferred_labels = if self.config.style == LanguageStyle::Consistent {
            self.compute_preferred_labels(ctx, &fenced_blocks)
        } else {
            HashMap::new()
        };

        let lines = ctx.raw_lines();

        for block in &fenced_blocks {
            if self.is_disabled_at(ctx, block) {
                continue;
            }

            // Get the actual line content for additional checks. Strip any
            // blockquote prefix so the info string after the fence is recognized
            // inside blockquotes the same way it is at the top level.
            let line = lines.get(block.line_idx).unwrap_or(&"");
            let fence_line = crate::utils::blockquote::strip_blockquote_prefix(line).trim();
            let after_fence = fence_line.strip_prefix(&block.fence_marker).unwrap_or("").trim();

            // Check if fence has MkDocs superfences attributes but no language
            let has_mkdocs_attrs_only =
                ctx.flavor == crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::MkDocs && is_superfences_attribute(after_fence);

            // MyST directives use {name} as the info string (e.g., {note}, {code-cell} python).
            // These are valid MyST syntax and should not trigger missing-language warnings.
            let is_myst_directive =
                ctx.flavor.supports_myst_directives() && after_fence.starts_with('{') && after_fence.contains('}') && {
                    let name = after_fence.trim_start_matches('{').split('}').next().unwrap_or("");
                    !name.is_empty() && name.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_alphabetic() || c == '_')
                };

            // Pandoc/Quarto brace-syntax code chunks fall into three forms:
            //   1. `{=html}` raw blocks — accepted under any Pandoc-compatible flavor.
            //      Validated by `is_pandoc_raw_block_lang` (non-empty ASCII format name).
            //   2. `{.python}` / `{.haskell .numberLines}` code-attribute syntax — the
            //      first `.class` declares the language. Accepted under any
            //      Pandoc-compatible flavor.
            //   3. `{r}` / `{python}` exec chunks — accepted under Quarto only.
            // Anything else wrapped in braces (e.g. `{r}` under pure Pandoc, or
            // `{#myid}` with no class) is not a real language identifier and must be
            // flagged as missing-language.
            let is_pandoc_raw =
                ctx.flavor.is_pandoc_compatible() && crate::utils::pandoc::is_pandoc_raw_block_lang(after_fence);
            let is_pandoc_class_attr =
                ctx.flavor.is_pandoc_compatible() && crate::utils::pandoc::is_pandoc_code_class_attr(after_fence);
            let is_quarto_exec = ctx.flavor == crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto
                && after_fence.starts_with('{')
                && after_fence.ends_with('}')
                && !is_pandoc_raw
                && !is_pandoc_class_attr;
            let has_pandoc_or_quarto_syntax = is_pandoc_raw || is_pandoc_class_attr || is_quarto_exec;
            let is_unrecognized_brace_syntax = after_fence.starts_with('{')
                && after_fence.ends_with('}')
                && !has_pandoc_or_quarto_syntax
                && !is_myst_directive;

            let needs_language = !has_mkdocs_attrs_only
                && !is_myst_directive
                && (block.language.is_empty()
                    || is_superfences_attribute(&block.language)
                    || is_unrecognized_brace_syntax);

            if needs_language && !has_pandoc_or_quarto_syntax {
                let (start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col) = calculate_line_range(block.line_idx + 1, line);

                let fix = fence_marker_offset(line, &block.fence_marker).map(|marker_offset| {
                    let line_start_byte = ctx.line_offsets.get(block.line_idx).copied().unwrap_or(0);
                    let fence_end_byte = line_start_byte + marker_offset + block.fence_marker.len();
                    // Replace from after fence marker to end of line content,
                    // so trailing whitespace is cleaned up while any existing
                    // info string / attributes are preserved via the replacement.
                    let line_end_byte = line_start_byte + line.len();
                    let after_fence_trimmed = line[marker_offset + block.fence_marker.len()..].trim();
                    let replacement = if after_fence_trimmed.is_empty() {
                        "text".to_string()
                    } else {
                        format!("text {after_fence_trimmed}")
                    };
                    Fix::new(fence_end_byte..line_end_byte, replacement)
                });

                warnings.push(LintWarning {
                    rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                    line: start_line,
                    column: start_col,
                    end_line,
                    end_column: end_col,
                    message: "Code block (```) missing language".to_string(),
                    severity: Severity::Warning,
                    fix,
                });
                continue;
            }

            // Skip further checks for Pandoc raw blocks and Quarto exec chunks
            if has_pandoc_or_quarto_syntax {
                continue;
            }

            let canonical = self.resolve_language(&block.language);

            // Check language restrictions (allowlist/denylist)
            if let Some(msg) = self.check_language_allowed(canonical, &block.language) {
                let (start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col) = calculate_line_range(block.line_idx + 1, line);

                warnings.push(LintWarning {
                    rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                    line: start_line,
                    column: start_col,
                    end_line,
                    end_column: end_col,
                    message: msg,
                    severity: Severity::Warning,
                    fix: None,
                });
                continue;
            }

            // Check for unknown language (only if not handled by allowlist)
            if canonical.is_none() {
                if let Some((msg, severity)) = self.check_unknown_language(&block.language) {
                    let (start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col) = calculate_line_range(block.line_idx + 1, line);

                    warnings.push(LintWarning {
                        rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                        line: start_line,
                        column: start_col,
                        end_line,
                        end_column: end_col,
                        message: msg,
                        severity,
                        fix: None,
                    });
                }
                continue;
            }

            // Check consistency
            if self.config.style == LanguageStyle::Consistent
                && let Some(preferred) = preferred_labels.get(canonical.unwrap())
                && &block.language != preferred
            {
                let (start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col) = calculate_line_range(block.line_idx + 1, line);

                let fix = find_label_span(line, &block.fence_marker).map(|(label_start, label_end)| {
                    let line_start_byte = ctx.line_offsets.get(block.line_idx).copied().unwrap_or(0);
                    Fix::new(
                        (line_start_byte + label_start)..(line_start_byte + label_end),
                        preferred.clone(),
                    )
                });
                let lang = &block.language;
                let canonical = canonical.unwrap();

                warnings.push(LintWarning {
                    rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                    line: start_line,
                    column: start_col,
                    end_line,
                    end_column: end_col,
                    message: format!("Inconsistent language label '{lang}' for {canonical} (use '{preferred}')"),
                    severity: Severity::Warning,
                    fix,
                });
            }
        }

        // In Markdown with Gherkin an info string is the Doc String media type.
        // Keep every MD040 diagnostic, but never invent or normalize that
        // domain value during formatting.
        if ctx.flavor == crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::MDG {
            for warning in &mut warnings {
                warning.fix = None;
            }
        }

        Ok(warnings)
    }

    fn fix(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> Result<String, LintError> {
        if self.should_skip(ctx) {
            return Ok(ctx.content.to_string());
        }
        let warnings = self.check(ctx)?;
        if warnings.is_empty() {
            return Ok(ctx.content.to_string());
        }
        let warnings =
            crate::utils::fix_utils::filter_warnings_by_inline_config(warnings, ctx.inline_config(), self.name());
        crate::utils::fix_utils::apply_warning_fixes(ctx.content, &warnings).map_err(LintError::InvalidInput)
    }

    /// Get the category of this rule for selective processing
    fn category(&self) -> RuleCategory {
        RuleCategory::CodeBlock
    }

    /// Check if this rule should be skipped
    fn should_skip(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> bool {
        ctx.content.is_empty() || (!ctx.likely_has_code() && !ctx.has_char('~'))
    }

    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
        self
    }

    crate::impl_rule_config_sections!(MD040Config);

    fn from_config(config: &crate::config::Config) -> Box<dyn Rule>
    where
        Self: Sized,
    {
        let rule_config: MD040Config = load_rule_config(config);
        Box::new(MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(rule_config))
    }
}

/// Derive fenced code blocks from pre-computed CodeBlockDetail data
fn derive_fenced_code_blocks(ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> Vec<FencedCodeBlock> {
    let content = ctx.content;
    let line_offsets = &ctx.line_offsets;

    ctx.code_block_details
        .iter()
        .filter(|d| d.is_fenced)
        .map(|detail| {
            let line_idx = match line_offsets.binary_search(&detail.start) {
                Ok(idx) => idx,
                Err(idx) => idx.saturating_sub(1),
            };

            // Determine fence marker from the actual line content
            let line_start = line_offsets.get(line_idx).copied().unwrap_or(0);
            let line_end = line_offsets.get(line_idx + 1).copied().unwrap_or(content.len());
            let line = content.get(line_start..line_end).unwrap_or("");
            let fence_marker =
                find_fence_marker(line).map_or_else(|| "```".to_string(), |(_, marker)| marker.to_string());

            let language = detail.info_string.split_whitespace().next().unwrap_or("").to_string();

            FencedCodeBlock {
                line_idx,
                language,
                fence_marker,
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

/// Locate the fence marker on a fence-opening line: its byte offset and the run
/// of fence characters itself.
///
/// A fence opener can carry a blockquote prefix, indentation and one or more
/// list markers (`- `, `1. `, and nested combinations). Rather than enumerating
/// those prefixes, locate the marker itself: none of them can hold a backtick or
/// a tilde, so the first run of either is the fence.
fn find_fence_marker(line: &str) -> Option<(usize, &str)> {
    let bytes = line.as_bytes();
    let start = bytes.iter().position(|&b| b == b'`' || b == b'~')?;
    let fence_char = bytes[start];
    let len = bytes[start..].iter().take_while(|&&b| b == fence_char).count();
    Some((start, &line[start..start + len]))
}

/// Byte offset within `line` where `fence_marker` begins.
///
/// Returns `None` when the line's fence run is not the expected marker, so
/// callers offer no fix rather than one anchored at a guessed position.
fn fence_marker_offset(line: &str, fence_marker: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    let (start, marker) = find_fence_marker(line)?;
    (marker == fence_marker).then_some(start)
}

/// Find the byte span of the language label in a fence line.
fn find_label_span(line: &str, fence_marker: &str) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
    let marker_offset = fence_marker_offset(line, fence_marker)?;
    let after_fence = &line[marker_offset + fence_marker.len()..];

    let label_start_rel = after_fence
        .char_indices()
        .find(|&(_, ch)| !ch.is_whitespace())
        .map(|(idx, _)| idx)?;
    let after_label = &after_fence[label_start_rel..];
    let label_end_rel = after_label
        .char_indices()
        .find(|&(_, ch)| ch.is_whitespace())
        .map_or(after_fence.len(), |(idx, _)| label_start_rel + idx);

    Some((
        marker_offset + fence_marker.len() + label_start_rel,
        marker_offset + fence_marker.len() + label_end_rel,
    ))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::lint_context::LintContext;

    fn run_check(content: &str) -> LintResult {
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        rule.check(&ctx)
    }

    fn run_check_with_config(content: &str, config: MD040Config) -> LintResult {
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        rule.check(&ctx)
    }

    fn run_fix(content: &str) -> Result<String, LintError> {
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        rule.fix(&ctx)
    }

    fn run_fix_with_config(content: &str, config: MD040Config) -> Result<String, LintError> {
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        rule.fix(&ctx)
    }

    fn run_check_mkdocs(content: &str) -> LintResult {
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::MkDocs, None);
        rule.check(&ctx)
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Basic functionality tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_code_blocks_with_language_specified() {
        let content = r#"# Test

```python
print("Hello, world!")
```

```javascript
console.log("Hello!");
```
"#;
        let result = run_check(content).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "No warnings expected for code blocks with language");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_code_blocks_without_language() {
        let content = r#"# Test

```
print("Hello, world!")
```
"#;
        let result = run_check(content).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(result[0].message, "Code block (```) missing language");
        assert_eq!(result[0].line, 3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_method_adds_text_language() {
        let content = r#"# Test

```
code without language
```

```python
already has language
```

```
another block without
```
"#;
        let fixed = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("```text"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("```python"));
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```text").count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_preserves_indentation() {
        let content = r#"# Test

- List item
  ```
  indented code block
  ```
"#;
        let fixed = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("  ```text"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_blockquote_empty_fence() {
        // An empty fence inside a blockquote must become a valid `> ```text`
        // fence, not a corrupted `> `text `` inline span. MD040 only touches the
        // fence lines, so the indented content is preserved verbatim.
        let content = "# Title\n\n> ```\n> root/\n> └── nested/\n>     └── file.txt\n> ```\n";
        let fixed = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        let expected = "# Title\n\n> ```text\n> root/\n> └── nested/\n>     └── file.txt\n> ```\n";
        assert_eq!(fixed, expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_blockquote_tilde_and_longer_fences() {
        // Tilde fences and fences longer than three characters inside a
        // blockquote must be detected by their actual marker, not the default.
        let tilde = run_fix("> ~~~\n> code\n> ~~~\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tilde, "> ~~~text\n> code\n> ~~~\n");

        let longer = run_fix("> ~~~~\n> code\n> ~~~~\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(longer, "> ~~~~text\n> code\n> ~~~~\n");

        let longer_backtick = run_fix("> ````\n> code\n> ````\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(longer_backtick, "> ````text\n> code\n> ````\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_nested_blockquote_empty_fence() {
        // Compact and spaced nested blockquotes both carry their prefix into the
        // fence line; the fix must place `text` after the real fence marker.
        let compact = run_fix(">> ```\n>> code\n>> ```\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(compact, ">> ```text\n>> code\n>> ```\n");

        let spaced = run_fix("> > ```\n> > code\n> > ```\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(spaced, "> > ```text\n> > code\n> > ```\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_list_marker_empty_fence() {
        // A fence opened on a list marker line must become `- ```text`, not a
        // corrupted `` - `text `` `` inline span. The marker sits after the list
        // bullet, so the fix has to locate it rather than assume it starts at the
        // first non-whitespace byte.
        let content = "# Title\n\n- ```\n  root/\n  └── nested/\n      └── file.txt\n  ```\n";
        let fixed = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        let expected = "# Title\n\n- ```text\n  root/\n  └── nested/\n      └── file.txt\n  ```\n";
        assert_eq!(fixed, expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_list_marker_fence_across_marker_styles() {
        // Every list marker form pushes the fence a different distance into the
        // line, including nested markers on one line and a marker inside a
        // blockquote.
        for (input, expected) in [
            ("- ```\n  code\n  ```\n", "- ```text\n  code\n  ```\n"),
            ("* ```\n  code\n  ```\n", "* ```text\n  code\n  ```\n"),
            ("+ ```\n  code\n  ```\n", "+ ```text\n  code\n  ```\n"),
            ("1. ```\n   code\n   ```\n", "1. ```text\n   code\n   ```\n"),
            ("1) ```\n   code\n   ```\n", "1) ```text\n   code\n   ```\n"),
            ("  - ```\n    code\n    ```\n", "  - ```text\n    code\n    ```\n"),
            ("- - ```\n    code\n    ```\n", "- - ```text\n    code\n    ```\n"),
            ("> - ```\n>   code\n>   ```\n", "> - ```text\n>   code\n>   ```\n"),
        ] {
            assert_eq!(run_fix(input).unwrap(), expected, "input: {input:?}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_list_marker_tilde_and_longer_fences() {
        // The marker is derived from the line, so a tilde fence or a run longer
        // than three characters must be measured at its real position instead of
        // falling back to a three-backtick default.
        let tilde = run_fix("- ~~~\n  code\n  ~~~\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tilde, "- ~~~text\n  code\n  ~~~\n");

        let longer_tilde = run_fix("- ~~~~\n  code\n  ~~~~\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(longer_tilde, "- ~~~~text\n  code\n  ~~~~\n");

        let longer_backtick = run_fix("- ````\n  code\n  ````\n").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(longer_backtick, "- ````text\n  code\n  ````\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_list_marker_fence_is_idempotent() {
        let content = "- ```\n  root/\n      nested\n  ```\n";
        let once = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        let twice = run_fix(&once).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(once, twice);
        assert_eq!(once, "- ```text\n  root/\n      nested\n  ```\n");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_list_marker_fence_with_language_untouched() {
        let content = "- ```rust\n  code\n  ```\n";
        assert!(run_check(content).unwrap().is_empty());
        assert_eq!(run_fix(content).unwrap(), content);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_blockquote_empty_fence_is_idempotent() {
        // Re-running the fix on its own output must be a no-op.
        let content = "> ```\n> root/\n>     nested\n> ```\n";
        let once = run_fix(content).unwrap();
        let twice = run_fix(&once).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(once, twice);
        assert_eq!(once, "> ```text\n> root/\n>     nested\n> ```\n");
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Consistent mode tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_detects_inconsistency() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```

```sh
echo there
```

```bash
echo again
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("Inconsistent"));
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("sh"));
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("bash"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_fix_normalizes() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```

```sh
echo there
```

```bash
echo again
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```bash").count(), 3);
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```sh").count(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_tie_break_uses_curated_default() {
        // When there's a tie (1 bash, 1 sh), should use curated default (bash)
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```

```sh
echo there
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        // bash is the curated default for Shell
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```bash").count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_with_preferred_alias() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```

```sh
echo there
```
"#;
        let mut preferred = HashMap::new();
        preferred.insert("Shell".to_string(), "sh".to_string());

        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: preferred,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```sh").count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(fixed.matches("```bash").count(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_fix_inside_blockquote() {
        // Consistent-mode normalization must reach fences inside blockquotes.
        // With one `bash` and one `sh`, the curated default `bash` wins.
        let content = "> ```bash\n> echo hi\n> ```\n>\n> ```sh\n> echo there\n> ```\n";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            fixed,
            "> ```bash\n> echo hi\n> ```\n>\n> ```bash\n> echo there\n> ```\n"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consistent_mode_ignores_disabled_blocks() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```
<!-- rumdl-disable MD040 -->
```sh
echo there
```
```sh
echo again
```
<!-- rumdl-enable MD040 -->
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "Disabled blocks should not affect consistency");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_disable_comment_naming_the_rule_by_alias_disables_it() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```
<!-- rumdl-disable fenced-code-language -->
```sh
echo there
```
```sh
echo again
```
<!-- rumdl-enable fenced-code-language -->
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config.clone()).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "an alias names the same rule as the ID does: {result:?}"
        );

        let names_another_rule = content.replace("fenced-code-language", "line-length");
        let result = run_check_with_config(&names_another_rule, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            result.len(),
            1,
            "a directive naming another rule leaves the sh blocks voting: {result:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_a_line_scoped_directive_takes_the_fence_out_of_the_vote() {
        let directive = "<!-- rumdl-disable-next-line MD040 -->\n";
        let content =
            format!("```bash\necho one\n```\n\n{directive}```sh\necho two\n```\n\n{directive}```sh\necho three\n```\n");
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let without_directives = content.replace(directive, "");
        assert_eq!(
            run_check_with_config(&without_directives, config.clone())
                .unwrap()
                .len(),
            1,
            "control: two sh fences outvote the bash one"
        );

        // A fence the rule is disabled for cannot decide the label for the fences
        // that are still checked, so bash stands alone and is left as it is.
        let result = run_check_with_config(&content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "a disabled fence casts no vote: {result:?}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_a_directive_shown_inside_a_code_block_disables_nothing() {
        // A document explaining the directive quotes it as sample text. Quoted or
        // not, the sh blocks outvote the bash one, so the bash fence is reported.
        let sample = "```text\n<!-- rumdl-disable RULE -->\n```\n";
        let blocks = "\n```bash\necho one\n```\n\n```sh\necho two\n```\n\n```sh\necho three\n```\n";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let without_sample = run_check_with_config(blocks, config.clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(without_sample.len(), 1, "control: the bash fence is reported");

        for name in ["MD040", "fenced-code-language"] {
            let content = format!("{}{blocks}", sample.replace("RULE", name));
            let result = run_check_with_config(&content, config.clone()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(
                result.len(),
                1,
                "`{name}` inside a code block is sample text, not a directive: {result:?}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_preserves_attributes() {
        let content = "```sh {.highlight}\ncode\n```\n\n```bash\nmore\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("```bash {.highlight}"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_preserves_spacing_before_label() {
        let content = "```bash\ncode\n```\n\n```  sh {.highlight}\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("```  bash {.highlight}"));
        assert!(!fixed.contains("```  sh {.highlight}"));
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Allowlist/denylist tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_allowlist_blocks_unlisted() {
        let content = "```java\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            allowed_languages: vec!["Python".to_string(), "Shell".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("not in the allowed list"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_allowlist_allows_listed() {
        let content = "```python\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            allowed_languages: vec!["Python".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_allowlist_blocks_unknown_language() {
        let content = "```mysterylang\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            allowed_languages: vec!["Python".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("allowed list"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_allowlist_case_insensitive() {
        let content = "```python\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            allowed_languages: vec!["PYTHON".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_denylist_blocks_listed() {
        let content = "```java\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            disallowed_languages: vec!["Java".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("disallowed"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_denylist_allows_unlisted() {
        let content = "```python\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            disallowed_languages: vec!["Java".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_allowlist_takes_precedence_over_denylist() {
        let content = "```python\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            allowed_languages: vec!["Python".to_string()],
            disallowed_languages: vec!["Python".to_string()], // Should be ignored
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Unknown language tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_ignore_default() {
        let content = "```mycustomlang\ncode\n```";
        let result = run_check(content).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "Unknown languages ignored by default");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_warn() {
        let content = "```mycustomlang\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            unknown_language_action: UnknownLanguageAction::Warn,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("Unknown language"));
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("mycustomlang"));
        assert_eq!(result[0].severity, Severity::Warning);
    }

    /// Regression test for a category of bugs, not one instance: rumdl's generated
    /// Linguist alias table must recognize every high-traffic language alias, not
    /// just the exact one reported (`py`). Each alias below is confirmed present in
    /// GitHub Linguist's current `aliases:` list for its language (`py` and `py3`
    /// were added upstream after the `e51c2270` generation pin, see the header
    /// comment in `src/linguist_data.rs`); none of them should ever trigger an
    /// unknown-language warning.
    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_warn_known_aliases_not_flagged() {
        let known_aliases = [
            "py",
            "python",
            "sh",
            "bash",
            "shell",
            "zsh",
            "js",
            "javascript",
            "ts",
            "typescript",
            "rb",
            "ruby",
            "rs",
            "rust",
            "yml",
            "yaml",
            "cpp",
            "c++",
            "csharp",
            "golang",
            "dockerfile",
            "jsonc",
            "kotlin",
        ];
        for alias in known_aliases {
            let content = format!("```{alias}\ncode\n```");
            let config = MD040Config {
                unknown_language_action: UnknownLanguageAction::Warn,
                ..Default::default()
            };
            let result = run_check_with_config(&content, config).unwrap();
            assert!(
                result.is_empty(),
                "known Linguist alias '{alias}' should not be flagged as unknown: {result:?}"
            );
        }
    }

    /// GitHub also accepts file extensions as fence labels (a ```pytb block
    /// renders with the Python-traceback grammar even though `pytb` appears
    /// only in Linguist's `extensions:`, never `aliases:`), so extension
    /// labels must not be flagged as unknown either.
    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_extension_labels_not_flagged() {
        for label in ["pytb", "cs", "kt", "pl", "pyi", "cjs", "mts"] {
            let content = format!("```{label}\ncode\n```");
            let config = MD040Config {
                unknown_language_action: UnknownLanguageAction::Error,
                ..Default::default()
            };
            let result = run_check_with_config(&content, config).unwrap();
            assert!(
                result.is_empty(),
                "Linguist file extension '{label}' should not be flagged as unknown: {result:?}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_error() {
        let content = "```mycustomlang\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            unknown_language_action: UnknownLanguageAction::Error,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("Unknown language"));
        assert_eq!(result[0].severity, Severity::Error);
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Config validation tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_invalid_preferred_alias_detected() {
        let mut preferred = HashMap::new();
        preferred.insert("Shell".to_string(), "invalid_alias".to_string());

        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: preferred,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let errors = rule.validate_config();
        assert_eq!(errors.len(), 1);
        assert!(errors[0].contains("Invalid alias"));
        assert!(errors[0].contains("invalid_alias"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_invalid_preferred_alias_is_not_normalized_to() {
        // An alias the language does not have is a configuration error, so
        // fixing to it would rewrite valid labels into an invalid one.
        let content = "```sh\necho one\n```\n\n```bash\necho two\n```\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);

        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("Shell".to_string(), "invalid_alias".to_string())]),
            ..Default::default()
        });
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !fixed.contains("invalid_alias"),
            "an invalid alias must not reach the document, got:\n{fixed}"
        );
        assert!(
            rule.check(&ctx)
                .unwrap()
                .iter()
                .any(|w| w.message.contains("Invalid alias")),
            "the invalid alias is still reported"
        );

        // Control: a valid alias for the same language is still normalized to.
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("Shell".to_string(), "zsh".to_string())]),
            ..Default::default()
        });
        assert_eq!(
            rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap(),
            "```zsh\necho one\n```\n\n```zsh\necho two\n```\n"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unknown_language_in_preferred_aliases_detected() {
        let mut preferred = HashMap::new();
        preferred.insert("NotARealLanguage".to_string(), "nope".to_string());

        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: preferred,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let errors = rule.validate_config();
        assert_eq!(errors.len(), 1);
        assert!(errors[0].contains("Unknown language"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_valid_preferred_alias_accepted() {
        let mut preferred = HashMap::new();
        preferred.insert("Shell".to_string(), "bash".to_string());
        preferred.insert("JavaScript".to_string(), "js".to_string());

        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: preferred,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let errors = rule.validate_config();
        assert!(errors.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_config_error_uses_valid_line_column() {
        let config = md040_config::MD040Config {
            preferred_aliases: {
                let mut map = std::collections::HashMap::new();
                map.insert("Shell".to_string(), "invalid_alias".to_string());
                map
            },
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);

        let content = "```shell\necho hello\n```";
        let ctx = crate::lint_context::LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Find the config error warning
        let config_error = result.iter().find(|w| w.message.contains("[config error]"));
        assert!(config_error.is_some(), "Should have a config error warning");

        let warning = config_error.unwrap();
        // Line and column should be 1-indexed (not 0)
        assert!(
            warning.line >= 1,
            "Config error line should be >= 1, got {}",
            warning.line
        );
        assert!(
            warning.column >= 1,
            "Config error column should be >= 1, got {}",
            warning.column
        );
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // custom-languages tests
    // =========================================================================

    fn custom_languages_config(declared: &[&str]) -> MD040Config {
        MD040Config {
            unknown_language_action: UnknownLanguageAction::Error,
            custom_languages: declared.iter().map(|s| (*s).to_string()).collect(),
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_declared_custom_language_is_not_unknown() {
        let content = "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n";

        let flagged = run_check_with_config(content, custom_languages_config(&[])).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(flagged.len(), 1, "an undeclared unknown label must still be reported");
        assert!(flagged[0].message.contains("Unknown language 'cddl'"));

        let accepted = run_check_with_config(content, custom_languages_config(&["cddl"])).unwrap();
        assert!(accepted.is_empty(), "a declared label must be accepted: {accepted:?}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_language_matches_a_label_case_insensitively() {
        let content = "```CDDL\nfoo = tstr\n```\n";
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, custom_languages_config(&["cddl"])).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "label case must not matter: {result:?}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_language_does_not_shadow_linguist() {
        // Declaring a label Linguist knows leaves Linguist's answer in place, so
        // `sh` still resolves to Shell and normalizes with the rest of that language.
        let content = "```sh\necho hi\n```\n\n```bash\necho there\n```\n\n```bash\necho again\n```\n";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            custom_languages: vec!["sh".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config.clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1, "sh must still be judged against Shell: {result:?}");
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("use 'bash'"));

        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(!fixed.contains("```sh\n"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_language_normalizes_under_consistent_style() {
        let content = "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n\n```CDDL\nbar = int\n```\n";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config.clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1, "the two spellings are one language: {result:?}");

        // Both spellings appear once, and the declared spelling breaks the tie.
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("```cddl"));
        assert!(!fixed.contains("```CDDL"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_language_participates_in_allowed_and_disallowed_lists() {
        let content = "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n";

        let allowed = run_check_with_config(
            content,
            MD040Config {
                allowed_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
                custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
                ..Default::default()
            },
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(allowed.is_empty(), "an allowed custom language passes: {allowed:?}");

        let disallowed = run_check_with_config(
            content,
            MD040Config {
                disallowed_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
                custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
                ..Default::default()
            },
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(disallowed.len(), 1, "a disallowed custom language is reported");
        assert!(disallowed[0].message.contains("is disallowed"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_undeclared_language_is_not_allowed_by_the_allowlist() {
        // Without a declaration the label resolves to nothing, so the allowlist
        // cannot admit it even when its own name is on the list.
        let result = run_check_with_config(
            "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n",
            MD040Config {
                allowed_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
                ..Default::default()
            },
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("is not in the allowed list"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unusable_custom_language_entries_are_config_errors() {
        let rule =
            MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(custom_languages_config(&["c ddl", "cddl ", " cddl", "   ", "cddl"]));
        let errors = rule.validate_config();
        assert_eq!(errors.len(), 4, "only the unusable entries are reported: {errors:?}");
        assert_eq!(
            errors.iter().filter(|e| e.contains("contains whitespace")).count(),
            3,
            "whitespace around an entry is as unmatchable as whitespace inside it: {errors:?}"
        );
        assert!(errors.iter().any(|e| e.contains("Empty entry in custom-languages")));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_custom_language_with_surrounding_whitespace_does_not_match_a_label() {
        let content = "```cddl\nfoo = int\n```";
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, custom_languages_config(&["cddl "])).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            result.len(),
            2,
            "the label stays unknown and the entry is reported: {result:?}"
        );
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("[config error]"));
        assert!(result[0].message.contains("contains whitespace"));
        assert!(result[1].message.contains("Unknown language 'cddl'"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_preferred_alias_for_a_custom_language() {
        let accepted = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("CDDL".to_string(), "cddl".to_string())]),
            custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        assert!(
            accepted.validate_config().is_empty(),
            "a spelling of the declared name is a valid preference"
        );

        let rejected = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("cddl".to_string(), "cbor-dl".to_string())]),
            custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        let errors = rejected.validate_config();
        assert_eq!(errors.len(), 1, "a custom language has no aliases: {errors:?}");
        assert!(errors[0].contains("Invalid alias 'cbor-dl' for custom language 'cddl'"));

        // The rejected preference does not reach the document either: labels
        // normalize to the declared spelling, not to the invalid alias.
        let ctx = LintContext::new(
            "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n\n```CDDL\nbar = int\n```\n",
            crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard,
            None,
        );
        let rejected = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("cddl".to_string(), "cbor-dl".to_string())]),
            custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        assert_eq!(
            rejected.fix(&ctx).unwrap(),
            "```cddl\nfoo = tstr\n```\n\n```cddl\nbar = int\n```\n"
        );

        // Control: an accepted preference does drive normalization.
        let accepted = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("cddl".to_string(), "CDDL".to_string())]),
            custom_languages: vec!["cddl".to_string()],
            ..Default::default()
        });
        assert_eq!(
            accepted.fix(&ctx).unwrap(),
            "```CDDL\nfoo = tstr\n```\n\n```CDDL\nbar = int\n```\n"
        );
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Linguist resolution tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_linguist_resolution() {
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("bash"), Some("Shell"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("sh"), Some("Shell"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("zsh"), Some("Shell"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("js"), Some("JavaScript"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("python"), Some("Python"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("unknown_lang"), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_linguist_resolution_case_insensitive() {
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("BASH"), Some("Shell"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("Bash"), Some("Shell"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("Python"), Some("Python"));
        assert_eq!(resolve_canonical("PYTHON"), Some("Python"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_alias_validation() {
        use crate::linguist_data::is_valid_alias;

        assert!(is_valid_alias("Shell", "bash"));
        assert!(is_valid_alias("Shell", "sh"));
        assert!(is_valid_alias("Shell", "zsh"));
        assert!(!is_valid_alias("Shell", "python"));
        assert!(!is_valid_alias("Shell", "invalid"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_default_alias() {
        assert_eq!(default_alias("Shell"), Some("bash"));
        assert_eq!(default_alias("JavaScript"), Some("js"));
        assert_eq!(default_alias("Python"), Some("python"));
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // Edge case tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_mixed_case_labels_normalized() {
        let content = r#"```BASH
echo hi
```

```Bash
echo there
```

```bash
echo again
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        // All should resolve to Shell, most prevalent should win
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        // "bash" appears 1x, "Bash" appears 1x, "BASH" appears 1x
        // All are different strings, so there's a 3-way tie
        // Should pick curated default "bash" or alphabetically first
        assert!(result.len() >= 2, "Should flag at least 2 inconsistent labels");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_multiple_languages_independent() {
        let content = r#"```bash
shell code
```

```python
python code
```

```sh
more shell
```

```python3
more python
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        // Should have 2 warnings: one for sh (inconsistent with bash) and one for python3 (inconsistent with python)
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_tilde_fences() {
        let content = r#"~~~bash
echo hi
~~~

~~~sh
echo there
~~~
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config.clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);

        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("~~~bash"));
        assert!(!fixed.contains("~~~sh"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_longer_fence_markers_preserved() {
        let content = "````sh\ncode\n````\n\n```bash\ncode\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed = run_fix_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("````bash"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("```bash"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_empty_document() {
        let result = run_check("").unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_no_code_blocks() {
        let content = "# Just a heading\n\nSome text.";
        let result = run_check(content).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_single_code_block_no_inconsistency() {
        let content = "```bash\necho hi\n```";
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let result = run_check_with_config(content, config).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "Single block has no inconsistency");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_idempotent_fix() {
        let content = r#"```bash
echo hi
```

```sh
echo there
```
"#;
        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fixed1 = run_fix_with_config(content, config.clone()).unwrap();
        let fixed2 = run_fix_with_config(&fixed1, config).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(fixed1, fixed2, "Fix should be idempotent");
    }

    // =========================================================================
    // MkDocs superfences tests
    // =========================================================================

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_attribute_in_blockquote() {
        // A superfences attribute fence (no language) inside a blockquote must be
        // recognized just like a top-level one and not flagged as missing language.
        let content = "> ```title=\"Example\"\n> echo hi\n> ```\n";
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences attribute inside a blockquote should not require language: {result:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_title_only() {
        // title= attribute without language should not warn in MkDocs flavor
        let content = r#"```title="Example"
echo hi
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences with title= should not require language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_hl_lines() {
        // hl_lines= attribute without language should not warn
        let content = r#"```hl_lines="1 2"
line 1
line 2
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences with hl_lines= should not require language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_linenums() {
        // linenums= attribute without language should not warn
        let content = r#"```linenums="1"
line 1
line 2
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences with linenums= should not require language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_class() {
        // Custom class (starting with .) should not warn
        let content = r#"```.my-class
some text
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences with .class should not require language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_id() {
        // Custom ID (starting with #) should not warn
        let content = r#"```#my-id
some text
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MkDocs superfences with #id should not require language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mkdocs_superfences_with_language() {
        // Language with superfences attributes should work fine
        let content = r#"```python title="Example" hl_lines="1"
print("hello")
```
"#;
        let result = run_check_mkdocs(content).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "Code block with language and attrs should pass");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_standard_flavor_no_special_handling() {
        // In Standard flavor, title= should still warn
        let content = r#"```title="Example"
echo hi
```
"#;
        let result = run_check(content).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            result.len(),
            1,
            "Standard flavor should warn about title= without language"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_raw_block_skipped_under_pandoc_flavor() {
        // ```{=html} raw blocks are valid Pandoc syntax and should not trigger MD040
        // under Pandoc flavor.
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{=html}\n<div>raw html</div>\n```\n";
        let ctx = crate::lint_context::LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MD040 should skip Pandoc raw blocks ({{=html}}) under Pandoc flavor: {result:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_raw_block_skipped_under_quarto_flavor() {
        // ```{=html} raw blocks are also valid under Quarto (which is Pandoc-compatible).
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{=html}\n<div>raw html</div>\n```\n";
        let ctx = crate::lint_context::LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MD040 should skip Pandoc raw blocks ({{=html}}) under Quarto flavor: {result:?}"
        );
    }

    /// Pandoc raw blocks like ```` ```{=html} ```` declare an output target,
    /// not a missing language. MD040 must accept them under Pandoc.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_accepts_raw_html_block() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{=html}\n<div>raw</div>\n```\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty(), "MD040 should accept ```{{=html}}```: {result:?}");
    }

    /// Under Pandoc (not Quarto), `{r}` is NOT a valid raw-format declaration —
    /// it's a Quarto-only execution syntax that should be flagged as missing language.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_rejects_quarto_exec_blocks() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{r}\nsummary(data)\n```\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should flag `{{r}}` (Quarto-only)"
        );
    }

    /// Under Quarto, `{r}` IS valid — Quarto exec syntax. Must not be flagged.
    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_still_accepts_exec_block() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{r}\nsummary(data)\n```\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Quarto should accept `{{r}}`: {result:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_exec_block_skipped_under_quarto_only() {
        // ```{r} exec chunks are Quarto-specific syntax accepted only under the Quarto flavor.
        // Under Pandoc flavor, `{r}` is not a valid Pandoc raw-format declaration (those use
        // `{=format}` syntax), so MD040 flags it as missing a real language identifier.
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{r}\n1 + 1\n```\n";

        let ctx_quarto = crate::lint_context::LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let result_quarto = rule.check(&ctx_quarto).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_quarto.is_empty(),
            "MD040 should skip Quarto exec chunks under Quarto flavor: {result_quarto:?}"
        );

        // Under Pandoc, `{r}` is unrecognized brace syntax — not a valid Pandoc raw block.
        // MD040 treats it as a missing language.
        let ctx_pandoc = crate::lint_context::LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 should flag `{{r}}` under Pandoc as missing a real language"
        );
    }

    /// Pandoc code-attribute syntax `{.lang}` declares the language and is valid under
    /// both Pandoc and Quarto. MD040 must accept it.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_class_attr_accepted_as_language() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{.python}\nprint(\"hi\")\n```\n";

        let ctx_pandoc = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should accept ```{{.python}}``` as language declaration: {result_pandoc:?}"
        );

        let ctx_quarto = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let result_quarto = rule.check(&ctx_quarto).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_quarto.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Quarto should accept ```{{.python}}``` as language declaration: {result_quarto:?}"
        );
    }

    /// Pandoc code attributes can include multiple classes plus key=value pairs.
    /// The first class is the language; trailing attributes (e.g. `.numberLines`) are decoration.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_class_attr_with_extra_attributes_accepted() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{.haskell .numberLines}\nmain = putStrLn \"hi\"\n```\n";

        let ctx_pandoc = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should accept ```{{.haskell .numberLines}}```: {result_pandoc:?}"
        );

        let ctx_quarto = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let result_quarto = rule.check(&ctx_quarto).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_quarto.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Quarto should accept ```{{.haskell .numberLines}}```: {result_quarto:?}"
        );
    }

    /// Pandoc code attributes can include id (`#myid`) and key=value attributes.
    /// As long as a `.class` is present, the block declares a language.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_class_attr_with_id_and_keyvalue_accepted() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{#snippet .python startFrom=\"10\"}\nprint(1)\n```\n";

        let ctx_pandoc = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should accept ```{{#snippet .python …}}```: {result_pandoc:?}"
        );
    }

    /// Standard flavor knows nothing about Pandoc code attributes — they remain
    /// unrecognized brace syntax and must still be flagged as missing-language.
    #[test]
    fn test_standard_still_flags_pandoc_class_attr() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{.python}\nprint(\"hi\")\n```\n";

        let ctx_standard = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result_standard = rule.check(&ctx_standard).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result_standard.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Standard should still flag ```{{.python}}``` (no Pandoc support)"
        );
    }

    /// A brace block with only an id (`{#myid}`) and no class declares no language.
    /// Even under Pandoc this must remain flagged.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_id_only_attr_still_flagged() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{#myid}\ncode here\n```\n";

        let ctx_pandoc = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should flag ```{{#myid}}``` — id without class declares no language"
        );
    }

    /// Empty `{}` braces declare nothing and must still be flagged under any flavor.
    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_empty_braces_still_flagged() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();
        let content = "```{}\ncode here\n```\n";

        let ctx_pandoc = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let result_pandoc = rule.check(&ctx_pandoc).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result_pandoc.is_empty(),
            "MD040 under Pandoc should flag ```{{}}``` (no language declared)"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mdg_reports_doc_string_media_type_without_fixing_it() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;

        // A language label becomes the Doc String media type. MD040 still
        // reports an omitted value under MDG, but must not invent `text` and
        // change the Gherkin AST.
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::default();

        for content in [
            "* Given the following message:\n\n  ```\n  hello\n  ```\n",
            "* Given the following message:\n\n  ~~~\n  hello\n  ~~~\n",
        ] {
            let mdg_ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::MDG, None);
            let standard_ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);

            let warnings = rule.check(&mdg_ctx).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 1, "MDG must still flag {content:?}");
            assert!(warnings[0].message.contains("missing language"));
            assert!(warnings[0].fix.is_none(), "MDG must not offer a media-type fix");
            assert_eq!(rule.fix(&mdg_ctx).unwrap(), content, "MDG must preserve {content:?}");

            let standard_warnings = rule.check(&standard_ctx).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(standard_warnings.len(), 1);
            assert!(standard_warnings[0].fix.is_some(), "Standard keeps the existing fix");
            assert_eq!(
                rule.fix(&standard_ctx).unwrap(),
                content
                    .replacen("```\n", "```text\n", 1)
                    .replacen("~~~\n", "~~~text\n", 1),
                "Standard still adds its default language label"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mdg_reports_inconsistent_media_type_without_normalizing_it() {
        use crate::config::MarkdownFlavor;

        let config = MD040Config {
            style: LanguageStyle::Consistent,
            preferred_aliases: HashMap::from([("JavaScript".to_string(), "javascript".to_string())]),
            ..MD040Config::default()
        };
        let rule = MD040FencedCodeLanguage::with_config(config);
        let content = "* Given this script:\n\n  ```js\n  alert('ok')\n  ```\n";

        let mdg_ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::MDG, None);
        let mdg = rule.check(&mdg_ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(mdg.len(), 1);
        assert!(mdg[0].message.contains("Inconsistent language label"));
        assert!(mdg[0].fix.is_none());
        assert_eq!(rule.fix(&mdg_ctx).unwrap(), content);

        let standard_ctx = LintContext::new(content, MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let standard = rule.check(&standard_ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(standard.len(), 1);
        assert!(standard[0].fix.is_some());
        assert!(rule.fix(&standard_ctx).unwrap().contains("```javascript"));
    }
}