rumdl_lib/rules/

md022_blanks_around_headings.rs

/// Rule MD022: Headings should be surrounded by blank lines
///
/// See [docs/md022.md](../../docs/md022.md) for full documentation, configuration, and examples.
use crate::rule::{Fix, LintError, LintResult, LintWarning, Rule, RuleCategory, Severity};
use crate::rule_config_serde::RuleConfig;
use crate::utils::kramdown_utils::is_kramdown_block_attribute;
use crate::utils::pandoc;
use crate::utils::range_utils::calculate_heading_range;
use toml;

pub(crate) mod md022_config;
use md022_config::MD022Config;

///
/// This rule enforces consistent spacing around headings to improve document readability
/// and visual structure.
///
/// ## Purpose
///
/// - **Readability**: Blank lines create visual separation, making headings stand out
/// - **Parsing**: Many Markdown parsers require blank lines around headings for proper rendering
/// - **Consistency**: Creates a uniform document style throughout
/// - **Focus**: Helps readers identify and focus on section transitions
///
/// ## Configuration Options
///
/// The rule supports customizing the number of blank lines required:
///
/// ```yaml
/// MD022:
///   lines_above: 1  # Number of blank lines required above headings (default: 1)
///   lines_below: 1  # Number of blank lines required below headings (default: 1)
/// ```
///
/// ## Examples
///
/// ### Correct (with default configuration)
///
/// ```markdown
/// Regular paragraph text.
///
/// # Heading 1
///
/// Content under heading 1.
///
/// ## Heading 2
///
/// More content here.
/// ```
///
/// ### Incorrect (with default configuration)
///
/// ```markdown
/// Regular paragraph text.
/// # Heading 1
/// Content under heading 1.
/// ## Heading 2
/// More content here.
/// ```
///
/// ## Special Cases
///
/// This rule handles several special cases:
///
/// - **First Heading**: The first heading in a document doesn't require blank lines above
///   if it appears at the very start of the document
/// - **Front Matter**: YAML front matter is detected and skipped
/// - **Code Blocks**: Headings inside code blocks are ignored
/// - **Document Start/End**: Adjusts requirements for headings at the beginning or end of a document
///
/// ## Fix Behavior
///
/// When applying automatic fixes, this rule:
/// - Adds the required number of blank lines above headings
/// - Adds the required number of blank lines below headings
/// - Preserves document structure and existing content
///
/// ## Performance Considerations
///
/// The rule is optimized for performance with:
/// - Efficient line counting algorithms
/// - Proper handling of front matter
/// - Smart code block detection
///
#[derive(Clone, Default)]
pub struct MD022BlanksAroundHeadings {
    config: MD022Config,
}

impl MD022BlanksAroundHeadings {
    /// Create a new instance of the rule with default values:
    /// lines_above = 1, lines_below = 1
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            config: MD022Config::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Create with custom numbers of blank lines (applies to all heading levels)
    pub fn with_values(lines_above: usize, lines_below: usize) -> Self {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;
        Self {
            config: MD022Config {
                lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(lines_above),
                lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(lines_below),
                allowed_at_start: true,
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn from_config_struct(config: MD022Config) -> Self {
        Self { config }
    }

    /// Fix a document by adding appropriate blank lines around headings
    fn fix_content(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> String {
        // Content is normalized to LF at I/O boundary
        let line_ending = "\n";
        let had_trailing_newline = ctx.content.ends_with('\n');
        let is_pandoc = ctx.flavor.is_pandoc_compatible();
        let mut result = Vec::new();
        let mut skip_count: usize = 0;

        let heading_at_start_idx = {
            let mut found_non_transparent = false;
            ctx.lines.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(i, line)| {
                // Only count valid headings (skip malformed ones like `#NoSpace`)
                if line.heading.as_ref().is_some_and(|h| h.is_valid) && !found_non_transparent {
                    Some(i)
                } else {
                    // HTML comments and blank lines are "transparent" - they don't count as content
                    // that would prevent a heading from being "at document start"
                    if !line.is_blank && !line.in_html_comment && !line.in_mdx_comment {
                        let trimmed = line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                        // Check for single-line HTML comments too
                        if trimmed.starts_with("<!--") && trimmed.ends_with("-->") {
                            // Transparent - HTML comment
                        } else if line.in_kramdown_extension_block || line.is_kramdown_block_ial {
                            // Transparent - Kramdown preamble line
                        } else if is_pandoc && (pandoc::is_div_open(trimmed) || pandoc::is_div_close(trimmed)) {
                            // Transparent - Pandoc/Quarto div marker in Pandoc-compatible flavor
                        } else {
                            found_non_transparent = true;
                        }
                    }
                    None
                }
            })
        };

        for (i, line_info) in ctx.lines.iter().enumerate() {
            if skip_count > 0 {
                skip_count -= 1;
                continue;
            }
            let line = line_info.content(ctx.content);

            if line_info.in_code_block {
                result.push(line.to_string());
                continue;
            }

            // Check if it's a heading
            if let Some(heading) = &line_info.heading {
                // Skip invalid headings (e.g., `#NoSpace` which lacks required space after #)
                if !heading.is_valid {
                    result.push(line.to_string());
                    continue;
                }

                // If rule is disabled for this heading line, keep original
                let line_num = i + 1;
                if ctx.inline_config().is_rule_disabled("MD022", line_num) {
                    result.push(line.to_string());
                    // For Setext headings, also add the underline unchanged
                    if matches!(
                        heading.style,
                        crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext1 | crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext2
                    ) && i + 1 < ctx.lines.len()
                    {
                        result.push(ctx.lines[i + 1].content(ctx.content).to_string());
                        skip_count += 1;
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                // This is a heading line (ATX or Setext content)
                let is_first_heading = Some(i) == heading_at_start_idx;
                let heading_level = heading.level as usize;

                // Count existing blank lines above in the result, skipping HTML comments, IAL, and Quarto div markers
                let mut blank_lines_above = 0;
                let mut check_idx = result.len();
                while check_idx > 0 {
                    let prev_line = &result[check_idx - 1];
                    let trimmed = prev_line.trim();
                    if trimmed.is_empty() {
                        blank_lines_above += 1;
                        check_idx -= 1;
                    } else if trimmed.starts_with("<!--") && trimmed.ends_with("-->") {
                        // Skip HTML comments - they are transparent for blank line counting
                        check_idx -= 1;
                    } else if is_kramdown_block_attribute(trimmed) {
                        // Skip kramdown IAL - they are attached to headings and transparent
                        check_idx -= 1;
                    } else if is_pandoc && (pandoc::is_div_open(trimmed) || pandoc::is_div_close(trimmed)) {
                        // Skip Pandoc/Quarto div markers — transparent for blank line counting
                        check_idx -= 1;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Determine how many blank lines we need above
                let requirement_above = self.config.lines_above.get_for_level(heading_level);
                let needed_blanks_above = if is_first_heading && self.config.allowed_at_start {
                    0
                } else {
                    requirement_above.required_count().unwrap_or(0)
                };

                // Add missing blank lines above if needed
                while blank_lines_above < needed_blanks_above {
                    result.push(String::new());
                    blank_lines_above += 1;
                }

                // Add the heading line
                result.push(line.to_string());

                // Determine base index for checking lines below
                let mut effective_end_idx = i;

                // For Setext headings, also add the underline immediately
                if matches!(
                    heading.style,
                    crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext1 | crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext2
                ) {
                    // Add the underline (next line)
                    if i + 1 < ctx.lines.len() {
                        result.push(ctx.lines[i + 1].content(ctx.content).to_string());
                        skip_count += 1; // Skip the underline in the main loop
                        effective_end_idx = i + 1;
                    }
                }

                // Add any kramdown IAL lines that immediately follow the heading
                // These are part of the heading element and should not be separated
                let mut ial_count = 0;
                while effective_end_idx + 1 < ctx.lines.len() {
                    let next_line = &ctx.lines[effective_end_idx + 1];
                    let next_trimmed = next_line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                    if is_kramdown_block_attribute(next_trimmed) {
                        result.push(next_trimmed.to_string());
                        effective_end_idx += 1;
                        ial_count += 1;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Now check blank lines below the heading (including underline and IAL)
                let mut blank_lines_below = 0;
                let mut next_content_line_idx = None;
                for j in (effective_end_idx + 1)..ctx.lines.len() {
                    if ctx.lines[j].is_blank {
                        blank_lines_below += 1;
                    } else {
                        next_content_line_idx = Some(j);
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Check if the next non-blank line is special (code fence or list item)
                let next_is_special = if let Some(idx) = next_content_line_idx {
                    let next_line = &ctx.lines[idx];
                    next_line.list_item.is_some() || {
                        let trimmed = next_line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                        (trimmed.starts_with("```") || trimmed.starts_with("~~~"))
                            && (trimmed.len() == 3
                                || (trimmed.len() > 3
                                    && trimmed
                                        .chars()
                                        .nth(3)
                                        .is_some_and(|c| c.is_whitespace() || c.is_alphabetic())))
                    }
                } else {
                    false
                };

                // Add missing blank lines below if needed
                let requirement_below = self.config.lines_below.get_for_level(heading_level);
                let needed_blanks_below = if next_is_special {
                    0
                } else {
                    requirement_below.required_count().unwrap_or(0)
                };
                if blank_lines_below < needed_blanks_below {
                    for _ in 0..(needed_blanks_below - blank_lines_below) {
                        result.push(String::new());
                    }
                }

                // Skip the IAL lines in the main loop since we already added them
                skip_count += ial_count;
            } else {
                // Regular line - just add it
                result.push(line.to_string());
            }
        }

        let joined = result.join(line_ending);

        // Preserve original trailing newline behavior
        // Content is normalized to LF at I/O boundary
        if had_trailing_newline && !joined.ends_with('\n') {
            format!("{joined}{line_ending}")
        } else if !had_trailing_newline && joined.ends_with('\n') {
            // Remove trailing newline if original didn't have one
            joined[..joined.len() - 1].to_string()
        } else {
            joined
        }
    }
}

impl Rule for MD022BlanksAroundHeadings {
    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "MD022"
    }

    fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
        "Headings should be surrounded by blank lines"
    }

    fn check(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> LintResult {
        let mut result = Vec::new();

        // Skip if empty document
        if ctx.lines.is_empty() {
            return Ok(result);
        }

        // Content is normalized to LF at I/O boundary
        let line_ending = "\n";
        let is_pandoc = ctx.flavor.is_pandoc_compatible();

        let heading_at_start_idx = {
            let mut found_non_transparent = false;
            ctx.lines.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(i, line)| {
                // Only count valid headings (skip malformed ones like `#NoSpace`)
                if line.heading.as_ref().is_some_and(|h| h.is_valid) && !found_non_transparent {
                    Some(i)
                } else {
                    // HTML comments and blank lines are "transparent" - they don't count as content
                    // that would prevent a heading from being "at document start"
                    if !line.is_blank && !line.in_html_comment && !line.in_mdx_comment {
                        let trimmed = line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                        // Check for single-line HTML comments too
                        if trimmed.starts_with("<!--") && trimmed.ends_with("-->") {
                            // Transparent - HTML comment
                        } else if line.in_kramdown_extension_block || line.is_kramdown_block_ial {
                            // Transparent - Kramdown preamble line
                        } else if is_pandoc && (pandoc::is_div_open(trimmed) || pandoc::is_div_close(trimmed)) {
                            // Transparent - Pandoc/Quarto div marker in Pandoc-compatible flavor
                        } else {
                            found_non_transparent = true;
                        }
                    }
                    None
                }
            })
        };

        // Collect all headings first to batch process
        let mut heading_violations = Vec::new();
        let mut processed_headings = std::collections::HashSet::new();

        for (line_num, line_info) in ctx.lines.iter().enumerate() {
            // Skip if already processed or not a heading
            if processed_headings.contains(&line_num) || line_info.heading.is_none() {
                continue;
            }

            // Skip headings inside PyMdown blocks (/// ... ///) - MkDocs flavor only
            if line_info.in_pymdown_block {
                continue;
            }

            let heading = line_info.heading.as_ref().unwrap();

            // Skip invalid headings (e.g., `#NoSpace` which lacks required space after #)
            if !heading.is_valid {
                continue;
            }

            let heading_level = heading.level as usize;

            // Note: Setext underline lines have heading=None, so they're already
            // skipped by the check at line 351. No additional check needed here.

            processed_headings.insert(line_num);

            // Check if this heading is at document start
            let is_first_heading = Some(line_num) == heading_at_start_idx;

            // Get configured blank line requirements for this heading level
            let required_above_count = self.config.lines_above.get_for_level(heading_level).required_count();
            let required_below_count = self.config.lines_below.get_for_level(heading_level).required_count();

            // Count blank lines above if needed
            let should_check_above =
                required_above_count.is_some() && line_num > 0 && (!is_first_heading || !self.config.allowed_at_start);
            if should_check_above {
                let mut blank_lines_above = 0;
                let mut hit_frontmatter_end = false;
                for j in (0..line_num).rev() {
                    let line_content = ctx.lines[j].content(ctx.content);
                    let trimmed = line_content.trim();
                    if ctx.lines[j].is_blank {
                        blank_lines_above += 1;
                    } else if ctx.lines[j].in_html_comment
                        || ctx.lines[j].in_mdx_comment
                        || (trimmed.starts_with("<!--") && trimmed.ends_with("-->"))
                    {
                        // Skip HTML comments - they are transparent for blank line counting
                        continue;
                    } else if is_kramdown_block_attribute(trimmed) {
                        // Skip kramdown IAL - they are attached to headings and transparent for blank line counting
                        continue;
                    } else if is_pandoc && (pandoc::is_div_open(trimmed) || pandoc::is_div_close(trimmed)) {
                        // Skip Pandoc/Quarto div markers — transparent for blank line counting
                        continue;
                    } else if ctx.lines[j].in_front_matter {
                        // Skip frontmatter - first heading after frontmatter doesn't need blank line above
                        // Note: We only check in_front_matter flag, NOT the string "---", because
                        // a standalone "---" is a horizontal rule and should NOT exempt headings
                        // from requiring blank lines above
                        hit_frontmatter_end = true;
                        break;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                let required = required_above_count.unwrap();
                if !hit_frontmatter_end && blank_lines_above < required {
                    let needed_blanks = required - blank_lines_above;
                    heading_violations.push((line_num, "above", needed_blanks, heading_level));
                }
            }

            // Determine the effective last line of the heading
            let mut effective_last_line = if matches!(
                heading.style,
                crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext1 | crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext2
            ) {
                line_num + 1 // For Setext, include the underline
            } else {
                line_num
            };

            // Extend effective_last_line to include any kramdown IAL lines immediately following
            // IAL lines like `{: .class #id}` are part of the heading element
            while effective_last_line + 1 < ctx.lines.len() {
                let next_line = &ctx.lines[effective_last_line + 1];
                let next_trimmed = next_line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                if is_kramdown_block_attribute(next_trimmed) {
                    effective_last_line += 1;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // Check blank lines below
            if effective_last_line < ctx.lines.len() - 1 {
                // Find next non-blank line, skipping transparent elements (blank lines, HTML comments, Quarto div markers)
                let mut next_non_blank_idx = effective_last_line + 1;
                while next_non_blank_idx < ctx.lines.len() {
                    let check_line = &ctx.lines[next_non_blank_idx];
                    let check_trimmed = check_line.content(ctx.content).trim();
                    if check_line.is_blank {
                        next_non_blank_idx += 1;
                    } else if check_line.in_html_comment
                        || check_line.in_mdx_comment
                        || (check_trimmed.starts_with("<!--") && check_trimmed.ends_with("-->"))
                    {
                        // Skip HTML comments - they are transparent for blank line counting
                        next_non_blank_idx += 1;
                    } else if is_pandoc && (pandoc::is_div_open(check_trimmed) || pandoc::is_div_close(check_trimmed)) {
                        // Skip Pandoc/Quarto div markers — transparent for blank line counting
                        next_non_blank_idx += 1;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // If we've reached end of document (after skipping transparent elements), no blank needed
                if next_non_blank_idx >= ctx.lines.len() {
                    // End of document - no blank line needed after heading
                    continue;
                }

                // Check if next line is a code fence or list item
                let next_line_is_special = {
                    let next_line = &ctx.lines[next_non_blank_idx];
                    let next_trimmed = next_line.content(ctx.content).trim();

                    // Check for code fence
                    let is_code_fence = (next_trimmed.starts_with("```") || next_trimmed.starts_with("~~~"))
                        && (next_trimmed.len() == 3
                            || (next_trimmed.len() > 3
                                && next_trimmed
                                    .chars()
                                    .nth(3)
                                    .is_some_and(|c| c.is_whitespace() || c.is_alphabetic())));

                    // Check for list item
                    let is_list_item = next_line.list_item.is_some();

                    is_code_fence || is_list_item
                };

                // Only generate warning if next line is NOT a code fence or list item
                if !next_line_is_special && let Some(required) = required_below_count {
                    // Count blank lines below (counting only blank lines, not skipped transparent lines)
                    let mut blank_lines_below = 0;
                    for k in (effective_last_line + 1)..next_non_blank_idx {
                        if ctx.lines[k].is_blank {
                            blank_lines_below += 1;
                        }
                    }

                    if blank_lines_below < required {
                        let needed_blanks = required - blank_lines_below;
                        heading_violations.push((line_num, "below", needed_blanks, heading_level));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Generate warnings for all violations
        for (heading_line, position, needed_blanks, heading_level) in heading_violations {
            let heading_display_line = heading_line + 1; // 1-indexed for display
            let line_info = &ctx.lines[heading_line];

            // Calculate precise character range for the heading
            let (start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col) =
                calculate_heading_range(heading_display_line, line_info.content(ctx.content));

            let required_above_count = self
                .config
                .lines_above
                .get_for_level(heading_level)
                .required_count()
                .expect("Violations only generated for limited 'above' requirements");
            let required_below_count = self
                .config
                .lines_below
                .get_for_level(heading_level)
                .required_count()
                .expect("Violations only generated for limited 'below' requirements");

            let (message, insertion_point) = match position {
                "above" => (
                    format!(
                        "Expected {} blank {} above heading",
                        required_above_count,
                        if required_above_count == 1 { "line" } else { "lines" }
                    ),
                    heading_line, // Insert before the heading line
                ),
                "below" => {
                    // For Setext headings, insert after the underline
                    let insert_after = if line_info.heading.as_ref().is_some_and(|h| {
                        matches!(
                            h.style,
                            crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext1 | crate::lint_context::HeadingStyle::Setext2
                        )
                    }) {
                        heading_line + 2
                    } else {
                        heading_line + 1
                    };

                    (
                        format!(
                            "Expected {} blank {} below heading",
                            required_below_count,
                            if required_below_count == 1 { "line" } else { "lines" }
                        ),
                        insert_after,
                    )
                }
                _ => continue,
            };

            // Calculate byte range for insertion
            let byte_range = if insertion_point == 0 && position == "above" {
                // Insert at beginning of document (only for "above" case at line 0)
                0..0
            } else if position == "above" && insertion_point > 0 {
                // For "above", insert at the start of the heading line
                ctx.lines[insertion_point].byte_offset..ctx.lines[insertion_point].byte_offset
            } else if position == "below" && insertion_point - 1 < ctx.lines.len() {
                // For "below", insert after the line
                let line_idx = insertion_point - 1;
                let line_end_offset = if line_idx + 1 < ctx.lines.len() {
                    ctx.lines[line_idx + 1].byte_offset
                } else {
                    ctx.content.len()
                };
                line_end_offset..line_end_offset
            } else {
                // Insert at end of file
                let content_len = ctx.content.len();
                content_len..content_len
            };

            result.push(LintWarning {
                rule_name: Some(self.name().to_string()),
                message,
                line: start_line,
                column: start_col,
                end_line,
                end_column: end_col,
                severity: Severity::Warning,
                fix: Some(Fix::new(byte_range, line_ending.repeat(needed_blanks))),
            });
        }

        Ok(result)
    }

    fn fix(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> Result<String, LintError> {
        if ctx.content.is_empty() {
            return Ok(ctx.content.to_string());
        }

        // Use a consolidated fix that avoids adding multiple blank lines
        let fixed = self.fix_content(ctx);

        Ok(fixed)
    }

    /// Get the category of this rule for selective processing
    fn category(&self) -> RuleCategory {
        RuleCategory::Heading
    }

    /// Check if this rule should be skipped
    fn should_skip(&self, ctx: &crate::lint_context::LintContext) -> bool {
        // Fast path: check if document likely has headings
        if ctx.content.is_empty() || !ctx.likely_has_headings() {
            return true;
        }
        // Verify headings actually exist
        ctx.lines.iter().all(|line| line.heading.is_none())
    }

    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
        self
    }

    fn default_config_section(&self) -> Option<(String, toml::Value)> {
        let default_config = MD022Config::default();
        let json_value = serde_json::to_value(&default_config).ok()?;
        let toml_value = crate::rule_config_serde::json_to_toml_value(&json_value)?;

        if let toml::Value::Table(table) = toml_value {
            if !table.is_empty() {
                Some((MD022Config::RULE_NAME.to_string(), toml::Value::Table(table)))
            } else {
                None
            }
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    fn from_config(config: &crate::config::Config) -> Box<dyn Rule>
    where
        Self: Sized,
    {
        let rule_config = crate::rule_config_serde::load_rule_config::<MD022Config>(config);
        Box::new(Self::from_config_struct(rule_config))
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::lint_context::LintContext;

    #[test]
    fn test_valid_headings() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "\n# Heading 1\n\nSome content.\n\n## Heading 2\n\nMore content.\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(result.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_missing_blank_above() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading 1\n\nSome content.\n\n## Heading 2\n\nMore content.\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 0); // No warning for first heading

        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Test for the ability to handle the content without breaking it
        // Don't check for exact string equality which may break with implementation changes
        assert!(fixed.contains("# Heading 1"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("Some content."));
        assert!(fixed.contains("## Heading 2"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("More content."));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_missing_blank_below() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "\n# Heading 1\nSome content.\n\n## Heading 2\n\nMore content.\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(result[0].line, 2);

        // Test the fix
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("# Heading 1\n\nSome content"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_missing_blank_above_and_below() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading 1\nSome content.\n## Heading 2\nMore content.\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(result.len(), 3); // Missing blanks: below first heading, above second heading, below second heading

        // Test the fix
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed.contains("# Heading 1\n\nSome content"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("Some content.\n\n## Heading 2"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("## Heading 2\n\nMore content"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_headings() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading 1\nSome content.\n## Heading 2\nMore content.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        let expected = "# Heading 1\n\nSome content.\n\n## Heading 2\n\nMore content.";
        assert_eq!(result, expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_consecutive_headings_pattern() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading 1\n## Heading 2\n### Heading 3";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Using more specific assertions to check the structure
        let lines: Vec<&str> = result.lines().collect();
        assert!(!lines.is_empty());

        // Find the positions of the headings
        let h1_pos = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "# Heading 1").unwrap();
        let h2_pos = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "## Heading 2").unwrap();
        let h3_pos = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "### Heading 3").unwrap();

        // Verify blank lines between headings
        assert!(
            h2_pos > h1_pos + 1,
            "Should have at least one blank line after first heading"
        );
        assert!(
            h3_pos > h2_pos + 1,
            "Should have at least one blank line after second heading"
        );

        // Verify there's a blank line between h1 and h2
        assert!(lines[h1_pos + 1].trim().is_empty(), "Line after h1 should be blank");

        // Verify there's a blank line between h2 and h3
        assert!(lines[h2_pos + 1].trim().is_empty(), "Line after h2 should be blank");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_blanks_around_setext_headings() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Heading 1\n=========\nSome content.\nHeading 2\n---------\nMore content.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Check that the fix follows requirements without being too rigid about the exact output format
        let lines: Vec<&str> = result.lines().collect();

        // Verify key elements are present
        assert!(result.contains("Heading 1"));
        assert!(result.contains("========="));
        assert!(result.contains("Some content."));
        assert!(result.contains("Heading 2"));
        assert!(result.contains("---------"));
        assert!(result.contains("More content."));

        // Verify structure ensures blank lines are added after headings
        let heading1_marker_idx = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "=========").unwrap();
        let some_content_idx = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "Some content.").unwrap();
        assert!(
            some_content_idx > heading1_marker_idx + 1,
            "Should have a blank line after the first heading"
        );

        let heading2_marker_idx = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "---------").unwrap();
        let more_content_idx = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "More content.").unwrap();
        assert!(
            more_content_idx > heading2_marker_idx + 1,
            "Should have a blank line after the second heading"
        );

        // Verify that the fixed content has no warnings
        let fixed_ctx = LintContext::new(&result, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let fixed_warnings = rule.check(&fixed_ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(fixed_warnings.is_empty(), "Fixed content should have no warnings");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_specific_blank_line_cases() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Case 1: Testing consecutive headings
        let content1 = "# Heading 1\n## Heading 2\n### Heading 3";
        let ctx1 = LintContext::new(content1, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result1 = rule.fix(&ctx1).unwrap();
        // Verify structure rather than exact content as the fix implementation may vary
        assert!(result1.contains("# Heading 1"));
        assert!(result1.contains("## Heading 2"));
        assert!(result1.contains("### Heading 3"));
        // Ensure each heading has a blank line after it
        let lines: Vec<&str> = result1.lines().collect();
        let h1_pos = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "# Heading 1").unwrap();
        let h2_pos = lines.iter().position(|&l| l == "## Heading 2").unwrap();
        assert!(lines[h1_pos + 1].trim().is_empty(), "Should have a blank line after h1");
        assert!(lines[h2_pos + 1].trim().is_empty(), "Should have a blank line after h2");

        // Case 2: Headings with content
        let content2 = "# Heading 1\nContent under heading 1\n## Heading 2";
        let ctx2 = LintContext::new(content2, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result2 = rule.fix(&ctx2).unwrap();
        // Verify structure
        assert!(result2.contains("# Heading 1"));
        assert!(result2.contains("Content under heading 1"));
        assert!(result2.contains("## Heading 2"));
        // Check spacing
        let lines2: Vec<&str> = result2.lines().collect();
        let h1_pos2 = lines2.iter().position(|&l| l == "# Heading 1").unwrap();
        let _content_pos = lines2.iter().position(|&l| l == "Content under heading 1").unwrap();
        assert!(
            lines2[h1_pos2 + 1].trim().is_empty(),
            "Should have a blank line after heading 1"
        );

        // Case 3: Multiple consecutive headings with blank lines preserved
        let content3 = "# Heading 1\n\n\n## Heading 2\n\n\n### Heading 3\n\nContent";
        let ctx3 = LintContext::new(content3, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result3 = rule.fix(&ctx3).unwrap();
        // Just verify it doesn't crash and properly formats headings
        assert!(result3.contains("# Heading 1"));
        assert!(result3.contains("## Heading 2"));
        assert!(result3.contains("### Heading 3"));
        assert!(result3.contains("Content"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_preserves_existing_blank_lines() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::new();
        let content = "# Title

## Section 1

Content here.

## Section 2

More content.
### Missing Blank Above

Even more content.

## Section 3

Final content.";

        let expected = "# Title

## Section 1

Content here.

## Section 2

More content.

### Missing Blank Above

Even more content.

## Section 3

Final content.";

        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix_content(&ctx);
        assert_eq!(
            result, expected,
            "Fix should only add missing blank lines, never remove existing ones"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_preserves_trailing_newline() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::new();

        // Test with trailing newline
        let content_with_newline = "# Title\nContent here.\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content_with_newline, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(result.ends_with('\n'), "Should preserve trailing newline");

        // Test without trailing newline
        let content_without_newline = "# Title\nContent here.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content_without_newline, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !result.ends_with('\n'),
            "Should not add trailing newline if original didn't have one"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_fix_does_not_add_blank_lines_before_lists() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::new();
        let content = "## Configuration\n\nThis rule has the following configuration options:\n\n- `option1`: Description of option 1.\n- `option2`: Description of option 2.\n\n## Another Section\n\nSome content here.";

        let expected = "## Configuration\n\nThis rule has the following configuration options:\n\n- `option1`: Description of option 1.\n- `option2`: Description of option 2.\n\n## Another Section\n\nSome content here.";

        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let result = rule.fix_content(&ctx);
        assert_eq!(result, expected, "Fix should not add blank lines before lists");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_per_level_configuration_no_blank_above_h1() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Configure: no blank above H1, 1 blank above H2-H6
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level([0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(1),
            allowed_at_start: false, // Disable special handling for first heading
        });

        // H1 without blank above should be OK
        let content = "Some text\n# Heading 1\n\nMore text";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 0, "H1 without blank above should not trigger warning");

        // H2 without blank above should trigger warning
        let content = "Some text\n## Heading 2\n\nMore text";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 1, "H2 without blank above should trigger warning");
        assert!(warnings[0].message.contains("above"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_per_level_configuration_different_requirements() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Configure: 0 blank above H1, 1 above H2-H3, 2 above H4-H6
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level([0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(1),
            allowed_at_start: false,
        });

        let content = "Text\n# H1\n\nText\n\n## H2\n\nText\n\n### H3\n\nText\n\n\n#### H4\n\nText";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Should have no warnings - all headings satisfy their level-specific requirements
        assert_eq!(
            warnings.len(),
            0,
            "All headings should satisfy level-specific requirements"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_per_level_configuration_violations() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Configure: H4 needs 2 blanks above
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level([1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1]),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(1),
            allowed_at_start: false,
        });

        // H4 with only 1 blank above should trigger warning
        let content = "Text\n\n#### Heading 4\n\nMore text";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 1, "H4 with insufficient blanks should trigger warning");
        assert!(warnings[0].message.contains("2 blank lines above"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_per_level_fix_different_levels() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Configure: 0 blank above H1, 1 above H2, 2 above H3+
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level([0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2]),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(1),
            allowed_at_start: false,
        });

        let content = "Text\n# H1\nContent\n## H2\nContent\n### H3\nContent";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Verify structure: H1 gets 0 blanks above, H2 gets 1, H3 gets 2
        assert!(fixed.contains("Text\n# H1\n\nContent"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("Content\n\n## H2\n\nContent"));
        assert!(fixed.contains("Content\n\n\n### H3\n\nContent"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_per_level_below_configuration() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Configure: different blank line requirements below headings
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(1),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level([2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]), // H1 needs 2 blanks below
            allowed_at_start: true,
        });

        // H1 with only 1 blank below should trigger warning
        let content = "# Heading 1\n\nSome text";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            warnings.len(),
            1,
            "H1 with insufficient blanks below should trigger warning"
        );
        assert!(warnings[0].message.contains("2 blank lines below"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_scalar_configuration_still_works() {
        use md022_config::HeadingLevelConfig;

        // Ensure scalar configuration still works (backward compatibility)
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(2),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::scalar(2),
            allowed_at_start: false,
        });

        let content = "Text\n# H1\nContent\n## H2\nContent";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // All headings should need 2 blanks above and below
        assert!(!warnings.is_empty(), "Should have violations for insufficient blanks");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unlimited_configuration_skips_requirements() {
        use md022_config::{HeadingBlankRequirement, HeadingLevelConfig};

        // H1 can have any number of blank lines above/below; others require defaults
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::from_config_struct(MD022Config {
            lines_above: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level_requirements([
                HeadingBlankRequirement::unlimited(),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
            ]),
            lines_below: HeadingLevelConfig::per_level_requirements([
                HeadingBlankRequirement::unlimited(),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
                HeadingBlankRequirement::limited(1),
            ]),
            allowed_at_start: false,
        });

        let content = "# H1\nParagraph\n## H2\nParagraph";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // H1 has no blanks above/below but is unlimited; H2 should get violations
        assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 2, "Only non-unlimited headings should warn");
        assert!(
            warnings.iter().all(|w| w.line >= 3),
            "Warnings should target later headings"
        );

        // Fixing should insert blanks around H2 but leave H1 untouched
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            fixed.starts_with("# H1\nParagraph\n\n## H2"),
            "H1 should remain unchanged"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_html_comment_transparency() {
        // HTML comments are transparent for blank line counting
        // A heading following a blank line + HTML comment should be valid
        // Verified with markdownlint: no MD022 warning for this pattern
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Pattern: content, blank line, HTML comment, heading
        // The blank line before the HTML comment counts for the heading
        let content = "Some content\n\n<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD001 -->\n#### Heading";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "HTML comment is transparent - blank line above it counts for heading"
        );

        // Multi-line HTML comment is also transparent
        let content_multiline = "Some content\n\n<!-- This is a\nmulti-line comment -->\n#### Heading";
        let ctx_multiline = LintContext::new(content_multiline, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_multiline = rule.check(&ctx_multiline).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_multiline.is_empty(),
            "Multi-line HTML comment is also transparent"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_frontmatter_transparency() {
        // Frontmatter is transparent for MD022 - heading can appear immediately after
        // Verified with markdownlint: no MD022 warning for heading after frontmatter
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Heading immediately after frontmatter closing ---
        let content = "---\ntitle: Test\n---\n# First heading";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Frontmatter is transparent - heading can appear immediately after"
        );

        // Heading with blank line after frontmatter is also valid
        let content_with_blank = "---\ntitle: Test\n---\n\n# First heading";
        let ctx_with_blank = LintContext::new(content_with_blank, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_with_blank = rule.check(&ctx_with_blank).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_with_blank.is_empty(),
            "Heading with blank line after frontmatter should also be valid"
        );

        // TOML frontmatter (+++...+++) is also transparent
        let content_toml = "+++\ntitle = \"Test\"\n+++\n# First heading";
        let ctx_toml = LintContext::new(content_toml, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_toml = rule.check(&ctx_toml).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_toml.is_empty(),
            "TOML frontmatter is also transparent for MD022"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_horizontal_rule_not_treated_as_frontmatter() {
        // Issue #238: Horizontal rules (---) should NOT be treated as frontmatter.
        // A heading after a horizontal rule MUST have a blank line above it.
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Case 1: Heading immediately after horizontal rule - SHOULD warn
        let content = "Some content\n\n---\n# Heading after HR";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "Heading after horizontal rule without blank line SHOULD trigger MD022"
        );
        assert!(
            warnings.iter().any(|w| w.line == 4),
            "Warning should be on line 4 (the heading line)"
        );

        // Case 2: Heading with blank line after HR - should NOT warn
        let content_with_blank = "Some content\n\n---\n\n# Heading after HR";
        let ctx_with_blank = LintContext::new(content_with_blank, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_with_blank = rule.check(&ctx_with_blank).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_with_blank.is_empty(),
            "Heading with blank line after HR should not trigger MD022"
        );

        // Case 3: HR at start of document followed by heading - SHOULD warn
        let content_hr_start = "---\n# Heading";
        let ctx_hr_start = LintContext::new(content_hr_start, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_hr_start = rule.check(&ctx_hr_start).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings_hr_start.is_empty(),
            "Heading after HR at document start SHOULD trigger MD022"
        );

        // Case 4: Multiple HRs then heading - SHOULD warn
        let content_multi_hr = "Content\n\n---\n\n---\n# Heading";
        let ctx_multi_hr = LintContext::new(content_multi_hr, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_multi_hr = rule.check(&ctx_multi_hr).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings_multi_hr.is_empty(),
            "Heading after multiple HRs without blank line SHOULD trigger MD022"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_all_hr_styles_require_blank_before_heading() {
        // CommonMark defines HRs as 3+ of -, *, or _ with optional spaces between
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // All valid HR styles that should trigger MD022 when followed by heading without blank
        let hr_styles = [
            "---", "***", "___", "- - -", "* * *", "_ _ _", "----", "****", "____", "- - - -",
            "-  -  -", // Multiple spaces between
            "  ---",   // 2 spaces indent (valid per CommonMark)
            "   ---",  // 3 spaces indent (valid per CommonMark)
        ];

        for hr in hr_styles {
            let content = format!("Content\n\n{hr}\n# Heading");
            let ctx = LintContext::new(&content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
            let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
            assert!(
                !warnings.is_empty(),
                "HR style '{hr}' followed by heading should trigger MD022"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_setext_heading_after_hr() {
        // Setext headings after HR should also require blank line
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Setext h1 after HR without blank - SHOULD warn
        let content = "Content\n\n---\nHeading\n======";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "Setext heading after HR without blank should trigger MD022"
        );

        // Setext h2 after HR without blank - SHOULD warn
        let content_h2 = "Content\n\n---\nHeading\n------";
        let ctx_h2 = LintContext::new(content_h2, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_h2 = rule.check(&ctx_h2).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings_h2.is_empty(),
            "Setext h2 after HR without blank should trigger MD022"
        );

        // With blank line - should NOT warn
        let content_ok = "Content\n\n---\n\nHeading\n======";
        let ctx_ok = LintContext::new(content_ok, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_ok = rule.check(&ctx_ok).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_ok.is_empty(),
            "Setext heading with blank after HR should not warn"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_hr_in_code_block_not_treated_as_hr() {
        // HR syntax inside code blocks should be ignored
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // HR inside fenced code block - heading after code block needs blank line check
        // but the "---" inside is NOT an HR
        let content = "```\n---\n```\n# Heading";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The heading is after a code block fence, not after an HR
        // This tests that we don't confuse code block content with HRs
        assert!(!warnings.is_empty(), "Heading after code block still needs blank line");

        // With blank after code block - should be fine
        let content_ok = "```\n---\n```\n\n# Heading";
        let ctx_ok = LintContext::new(content_ok, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_ok = rule.check(&ctx_ok).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_ok.is_empty(),
            "Heading with blank after code block should not warn"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_hr_in_html_comment_not_treated_as_hr() {
        // HR syntax inside HTML comments should be ignored
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // "---" inside HTML comment is NOT an HR
        let content = "<!-- \n---\n -->\n# Heading";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // HTML comments are transparent, so heading after comment at doc start is OK
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "HR inside HTML comment should be ignored - heading after comment is OK"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_invalid_hr_not_triggering() {
        // These should NOT be recognized as HRs per CommonMark
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        let invalid_hrs = [
            "    ---", // 4+ spaces is code block, not HR
            "\t---",   // Tab indent makes it code block
            "--",      // Only 2 dashes
            "**",      // Only 2 asterisks
            "__",      // Only 2 underscores
            "-*-",     // Mixed characters
            "---a",    // Extra character at end
            "a---",    // Extra character at start
        ];

        for invalid in invalid_hrs {
            // These are NOT HRs, so if followed by heading, the heading behavior depends
            // on what the content actually is (code block, paragraph, etc.)
            let content = format!("Content\n\n{invalid}\n# Heading");
            let ctx = LintContext::new(&content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
            // We're just verifying the HR detection is correct
            // The actual warning behavior depends on what the "invalid HR" is parsed as
            let _ = rule.check(&ctx);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_frontmatter_vs_horizontal_rule_distinction() {
        // Ensure we correctly distinguish between frontmatter delimiters and standalone HRs
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Frontmatter followed by content, then HR, then heading
        // The HR here is NOT frontmatter, so heading needs blank line
        let content = "---\ntitle: Test\n---\n\nSome content\n\n---\n# Heading after HR";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "HR after frontmatter content should still require blank line before heading"
        );

        // Same but with blank line after HR - should be fine
        let content_ok = "---\ntitle: Test\n---\n\nSome content\n\n---\n\n# Heading after HR";
        let ctx_ok = LintContext::new(content_ok, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings_ok = rule.check(&ctx_ok).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings_ok.is_empty(),
            "HR with blank line before heading should not warn"
        );
    }

    // ==================== Kramdown IAL Tests ====================

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_after_heading_no_warning() {
        // Issue #259: IAL immediately after heading should not trigger MD022
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "## Table of Contents\n{: .hhc-toc-heading}\n\nSome content here.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "IAL after heading should not require blank line between them: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_with_class() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.highlight}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "IAL with class should be part of heading");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_with_id() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:#custom-id}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "IAL with id should be part of heading");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_with_multiple_attributes() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{: .class #id style=\"color: red\"}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "IAL with multiple attributes should be part of heading"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_missing_blank_after() {
        // IAL is part of heading, but blank line is still needed after IAL
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}\nContent without blank.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            warnings.len(),
            1,
            "Should warn about missing blank after IAL (part of heading)"
        );
        assert!(warnings[0].message.contains("below"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_before_heading_transparent() {
        // IAL before heading should be transparent for "blank lines above" check
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Content.\n\n{:.preclass}\n## Heading\n\nMore content.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "IAL before heading should be transparent for blank line count"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_setext_heading() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Heading\n=======\n{:.setext-class}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "IAL after Setext heading should be part of heading"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_fix_preserves_ial() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Content.\n# Heading\n{:.class}\nMore content.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Should add blank line above heading and after IAL, but keep IAL attached to heading
        assert!(
            fixed.contains("# Heading\n{:.class}"),
            "IAL should stay attached to heading"
        );
        assert!(fixed.contains("{:.class}\n\nMore"), "Should add blank after IAL");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_fix_does_not_separate() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Fix should NOT insert blank line between heading and IAL
        assert!(
            !fixed.contains("# Heading\n\n{:.class}"),
            "Should not add blank between heading and IAL"
        );
        assert!(fixed.contains("# Heading\n{:.class}"), "IAL should remain attached");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_multiple_ial_lines() {
        // Edge case: multiple IAL lines (unusual but valid)
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class1}\n{:#id}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Note: Kramdown only attaches one IAL, but we treat consecutive ones as all attached
        // to avoid false positives
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Multiple consecutive IALs should be part of heading"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_with_blank_line_not_attached() {
        // If there's a blank line between heading and IAL, they're not attached
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n\n{:.class}\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // The IAL here is NOT attached to the heading (blank line separates them)
        // So this should NOT trigger a warning for missing blank below heading
        // The IAL is just a standalone block-level element
        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "Blank line separates heading from IAL");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_not_kramdown_ial_regular_braces() {
        // Regular braces that don't match IAL pattern
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{not an ial}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // {not an ial} is not IAL syntax, so it should be regular content
        assert_eq!(
            warnings.len(),
            1,
            "Non-IAL braces should be regular content requiring blank"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_at_document_end() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // No content after IAL, so no blank line needed
        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "IAL at document end needs no blank after");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_followed_by_code_fence() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}\n```\ncode\n```";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Code fence is special - no blank required before it
        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "No blank needed between IAL and code fence");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_followed_by_list() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}\n- List item";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // List is special - no blank required before it
        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "No blank needed between IAL and list");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_fix_idempotent() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class}\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);

        let fixed_once = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        let ctx2 = LintContext::new(&fixed_once, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let fixed_twice = rule.fix(&ctx2).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(fixed_once, fixed_twice, "Fix should be idempotent");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_whitespace_line_between_not_attached() {
        // A whitespace-only line (not truly blank) between heading and IAL
        // means the IAL is NOT attached to the heading
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n   \n{:.class}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // Whitespace-only line is treated as blank, so IAL is NOT attached
        // The warning should be about the line after heading (whitespace line)
        // since {:.class} starts a new block
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Whitespace between heading and IAL means IAL is not attached"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_html_comment_between() {
        // HTML comment between heading and IAL means IAL is NOT attached to heading
        // IAL must immediately follow the element it modifies
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n<!-- comment -->\n{:.class}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // HTML comment creates separation - IAL is not attached to heading
        // Warning is generated because heading doesn't have blank line below
        // (the comment is transparent, but IAL is not attached)
        assert_eq!(
            warnings.len(),
            1,
            "IAL not attached when comment is between: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_generic_attribute() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:data-toc=\"true\" style=\"color: red\"}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "Generic attributes should be recognized as IAL");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_fix_multiple_lines_preserves_all() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:.class1}\n{:#id}\n{:data-x=\"y\"}\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);

        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();

        // All IAL lines should be preserved
        assert!(fixed.contains("{:.class1}"), "First IAL should be preserved");
        assert!(fixed.contains("{:#id}"), "Second IAL should be preserved");
        assert!(fixed.contains("{:data-x=\"y\"}"), "Third IAL should be preserved");
        // Blank line should be after all IALs, before content
        assert!(
            fixed.contains("{:data-x=\"y\"}\n\nContent"),
            "Blank line should be after all IALs"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_crlf_line_endings() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\r\n{:.class}\r\n\r\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "CRLF should work correctly with IAL");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_invalid_patterns_not_recognized() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();

        // Space before colon - not valid IAL
        let content = "# Heading\n{ :.class}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(warnings.len(), 1, "Invalid IAL syntax should trigger warning");

        // Missing colon entirely
        let content2 = "# Heading\n{.class}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx2 = LintContext::new(content2, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings2 = rule.check(&ctx2).unwrap();
        // {.class} IS valid kramdown syntax (starts with .)
        assert!(warnings2.is_empty(), "{{.class}} is valid kramdown block attribute");

        // Just text in braces
        let content3 = "# Heading\n{just text}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx3 = LintContext::new(content3, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings3 = rule.check(&ctx3).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            warnings3.len(),
            1,
            "Text in braces is not IAL and should trigger warning"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_toc_marker() {
        // {:toc} is a special kramdown table of contents marker
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n{:toc}\n\nContent.";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        // {:toc} starts with {: so it's recognized as IAL
        assert!(warnings.is_empty(), "{{:toc}} should be recognized as IAL");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_mixed_headings_in_document() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = r#"# ATX Heading
{:.atx-class}

Content after ATX.

Setext Heading
--------------
{:#setext-id}

Content after Setext.

## Another ATX
{:.another}

More content."#;
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Mixed headings with IAL should all work: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_extension_block_before_first_heading_is_document_start() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "{::comment}\nhidden\n{:/comment}\n# Heading\n\nBody\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Kramdown, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Kramdown extension preamble should not require blank above first heading: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_kramdown_ial_before_first_heading_is_document_start() {
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "{:.doc-class}\n# Heading\n\nBody\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Kramdown, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();

        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Kramdown IAL preamble should not require blank above first heading: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    // ==================== Quarto Flavor Tests ====================

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_div_marker_transparent_above_heading() {
        // Quarto div markers should be transparent for blank line counting
        // The blank line before the div opening should count toward the heading
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        // Content ends, blank, div opens, blank counts through div marker, heading
        let content = "Content\n\n::: {.callout-note}\n# Heading\n\nMore content\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The blank line before div opening should count as separation for heading
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Quarto div marker should be transparent above heading: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_div_marker_transparent_below_heading() {
        // Quarto div opening marker should be transparent for blank line counting below heading
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "# Heading\n\n::: {.callout-note}\nContent\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The blank line after heading should count, and ::: should be transparent
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Quarto div marker should be transparent below heading: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_heading_inside_callout() {
        // Heading inside Quarto callout should work normally
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "::: {.callout-note}\n\n## Note Title\n\nNote content\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Heading inside Quarto callout should have no warnings: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_heading_at_start_after_div_open() {
        // Heading immediately after div open counts as being at document start
        // because div marker is transparent for "first heading" detection
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        // This is the first heading in the document (div marker is transparent)
        let content = "::: {.callout-warning}\n# Warning\n\nContent\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The heading is at document start (after transparent div marker)
        // BUT the default config has allowed_at_start = true, AND there's content inside the div
        // that needs blank line below the heading. Let's check what we get.
        // Actually, the heading needs a blank below (before "Content"), so let's fix the test.
        // For this test, we want to verify the "above" requirement works with div marker transparency.
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Heading at start after div open should pass: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_heading_before_div_close() {
        // Heading immediately before div close: the div close is at end of doc, so no blank needed after
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "::: {.callout-note}\nIntro\n\n## Section\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The div closing marker is transparent, and at end of document there's nothing after it
        // So technically the heading is at the end (nothing follows the div close).
        // We need to check if the transparent marker logic works for end-of-document.
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Heading before div close should pass: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_div_markers_not_transparent_in_standard_flavor() {
        // In standard flavor, ::: is regular text and breaks blank line sequences
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Content\n\n:::\n# Heading\n\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Standard, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // In standard flavor, the ::: is just text. So there's no blank between ::: and heading.
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "Standard flavor should not treat ::: as transparent: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_nested_divs_with_heading() {
        // Nested Quarto divs with heading inside
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "::: {.outer}\n::: {.inner}\n\n# Heading\n\nContent\n:::\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "Nested divs with heading should work: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_fix_preserves_div_markers() {
        // Fix should preserve Quarto div markers
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "::: {.callout-note}\n\n## Note\n\nContent\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let fixed = rule.fix(&ctx).unwrap();
        // Should preserve all the div markers
        assert!(fixed.contains("::: {.callout-note}"), "Should preserve div opening");
        assert!(fixed.contains(":::"), "Should preserve div closing");
        assert!(fixed.contains("## Note"), "Should preserve heading");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_quarto_heading_needs_blank_without_div_transparency() {
        // Without a blank line, heading after content should warn even with div marker between
        // This tests that blank lines are still required, div markers just don't "reset" the count
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        // Content directly followed by div opening, then heading - should warn
        let content = "Content\n::: {.callout-note}\n# Heading\n\nMore\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Quarto, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        // The div marker is transparent, so we look through it.
        // "Content" followed by heading with only a div marker in between - no blank!
        assert!(
            !warnings.is_empty(),
            "Should still require blank line when not present: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pandoc_div_marker_transparent_above_heading() {
        // Pandoc div marker should be transparent for blank line counting above heading,
        // mirroring the Quarto behavior tested in test_quarto_div_marker_transparent_above_heading.
        let rule = MD022BlanksAroundHeadings::default();
        let content = "Content\n\n::: {.callout-note}\n# Heading\n\nMore content\n:::\n";
        let ctx = LintContext::new(content, crate::config::MarkdownFlavor::Pandoc, None);
        let warnings = rule.check(&ctx).unwrap();
        assert!(
            warnings.is_empty(),
            "MD022 should treat Pandoc div marker as transparent above heading: {warnings:?}"
        );
    }
}