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rucc_ir/
opcode.rs

1//! The instruction set.
2//!
3//! Design: `spec/08-ir.md` section 8.3.
4//!
5//! The set is small enough to enumerate and it is closed. Adding an opcode is a spec change,
6//! because the verifier, the printer, the parser, the rewrite rules and the lowering all have
7//! to learn it, and an opcode that only half of them know about is a silent miscompilation
8//! waiting for the right input.
9//!
10//! Two things are deliberately absent. There is no `getelementptr`: pointer arithmetic is
11//! [`Opcode::PtrAdd`] over a byte offset the frontend computed, because C never needs the
12//! multi-index form and its absence removes a well known source of complexity. And there is no
13//! `phi`: values arriving at a block are the block's parameters, passed by the branch, so
14//! there is no operand list positionally tied to a predecessor list kept somewhere else.
15
16use std::fmt;
17
18/// One instruction of the IR.
19///
20/// The names are the textual form exactly, so [`Opcode::name`] and [`Opcode::from_name`] are
21/// what the printer and the parser use, and neither carries a table of its own that could
22/// drift from this one.
23///
24/// The enum is not `non_exhaustive`, deliberately. The set is closed, so a pass that matches
25/// on every opcode should stop compiling when one is added rather than fall into a wildcard
26/// arm that quietly does the wrong thing.
27#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
28pub enum Opcode {
29    // Constants. A constant is an instruction rather than an operand kind, so that every
30    // operand is a value and every value has one definition, which is what makes the
31    // dominance check in the verifier a single rule rather than a rule with exceptions.
32    /// An integer constant, `iconst.i32 7`.
33    IConst,
34    /// A floating point constant, `fconst.f64 0x1.8p+1`.
35    FConst,
36    /// A vector constant with every lane the same, `splat.i8x16 0`.
37    Splat,
38    /// The address of a global or a function, `global_addr @counter`.
39    GlobalAddr,
40    /// The address of a block in this function, `block_addr block3`.
41    ///
42    /// The one instruction that names a block without being a branch, which is what GNU's
43    /// `&&label` is. Where it goes is [`Opcode::IndirectBr`], and the two are only useful
44    /// together: an address on its own is a number that nothing can do anything with.
45    BlockAddr,
46
47    // Arithmetic.
48    /// Integer addition.
49    Add,
50    /// Integer subtraction.
51    Sub,
52    /// Integer multiplication.
53    Mul,
54    /// Signed division.
55    SDiv,
56    /// Unsigned division.
57    UDiv,
58    /// Signed remainder, with the sign of the dividend.
59    SRem,
60    /// Unsigned remainder.
61    URem,
62    /// Bitwise and.
63    And,
64    /// Bitwise or.
65    Or,
66    /// Bitwise exclusive or.
67    Xor,
68    /// Shift left.
69    Shl,
70    /// Logical shift right, shifting in zeroes.
71    LShr,
72    /// Arithmetic shift right, shifting in the sign bit.
73    AShr,
74    /// Floating point addition.
75    FAdd,
76    /// Floating point subtraction.
77    FSub,
78    /// Floating point multiplication.
79    FMul,
80    /// Floating point division.
81    FDiv,
82    /// Floating point remainder.
83    FRem,
84    /// Floating point negation, which flips the sign bit and is not `0 - x`.
85    FNeg,
86    /// Fused multiply-add, rounded once.
87    Fma,
88
89    // Comparison.
90    /// Integer comparison, producing `i1` or a vector of `i1`.
91    ICmp,
92    /// Floating point comparison, producing `i1` or a vector of `i1`.
93    FCmp,
94
95    // Selection.
96    /// One of two values, chosen by a bit. `select c, a, b` is `a` when `c` is one.
97    ///
98    /// This is what control flow becomes when it stops being control flow.
99    /// `spec/optimizer/22-phiopt-and-if-conversion.md` section 22.2 makes it the lowering target
100    /// for a diamond whose two arms compute a value, and the reason it is an opcode rather than a
101    /// pattern is that it is the form the rule set is written against: `select(c, a, a) -> a` and
102    /// `select(c, 1, 0) -> zext(c)` are ordinary rules once the shape has a name.
103    ///
104    /// Both arms are evaluated, which is the whole point and also the whole danger. Whatever
105    /// produces one of these owes the argument that evaluating the arm that is not chosen is
106    /// harmless, and section 22.6 is the list of ways that argument goes wrong.
107    Select,
108
109    // Conversion.
110    /// Narrows an integer, discarding the high bits.
111    Trunc,
112    /// Widens an integer, copying the sign bit.
113    SExt,
114    /// Widens an integer, filling with zeroes.
115    ZExt,
116    /// Narrows a floating point value.
117    FPTrunc,
118    /// Widens a floating point value.
119    FPExt,
120    /// Floating point to signed integer.
121    FPToSI,
122    /// Floating point to unsigned integer.
123    FPToUI,
124    /// Signed integer to floating point.
125    SIToFP,
126    /// Unsigned integer to floating point.
127    UIToFP,
128    /// An address to an integer of the same width.
129    PtrToInt,
130    /// An integer to an address.
131    IntToPtr,
132    /// A reinterpretation of the same bits at the same width.
133    Bitcast,
134
135    // Memory.
136    /// Memory as the function found it, which is where a memory SSA chain starts.
137    ///
138    /// It produces one `mem` and takes nothing, and it belongs at the top of the entry block.
139    /// GCC calls the same thing the default definition of `.MEM` and LLVM calls it
140    /// `liveOnEntry`. It exists as an instruction rather than as a parameter of the entry block
141    /// because the entry block's parameters are the function's parameters and the verifier
142    /// checks them against the signature, and memory is not an argument anybody passed.
143    MemEntry,
144    /// A stack slot. In the entry block, or marked dynamic for a variable length array.
145    Alloca,
146    /// A read.
147    Load,
148    /// A write, producing no value.
149    Store,
150    /// Address arithmetic: an address and a byte offset.
151    PtrAdd,
152    /// A copy of a known size between addresses that do not overlap.
153    Memcpy,
154    /// A copy of a known size between addresses that may overlap.
155    Memmove,
156    /// A fill of a known size with one byte.
157    Memset,
158    /// An atomic read.
159    AtomicLoad,
160    /// An atomic write.
161    AtomicStore,
162    /// An atomic read-modify-write, carrying which operation in [`RmwOp`](crate::RmwOp).
163    AtomicRmw,
164    /// An atomic compare and exchange, producing the old value and whether it succeeded.
165    Cmpxchg,
166    /// A memory barrier.
167    Fence,
168
169    // Memory safety. Design: `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.2. None of
170    // these is emitted unless `-fsafety` asked for it, and a function compiled without it
171    // contains not one of them.
172    /// The capability of a pointer value, taken from the pointer's provenance.
173    CapOf,
174    /// The capability in the auxiliary slot beside a stored pointer, read back.
175    ///
176    /// A pointer written to memory and read again has to bring its capability with it, and where
177    /// the capability lives is document 05's question rather than this one's. What this says is
178    /// that a capability comes back from an address, which is enough for every pass above.
179    CapLoad,
180    /// The other half of [`Opcode::CapLoad`], writing one into the slot beside a pointer.
181    CapStore,
182    /// The capability that permits nothing, which is what a null pointer has.
183    CapNull,
184    /// A capability narrowed to a sub-object of what it covered.
185    ///
186    /// Only under `-fsafety-subobject`. Narrowing is what catches an overflow from one member of
187    /// a struct into the next, and it is separate because C code that walks off the end of a
188    /// member on purpose exists and a project has to be able to say so.
189    CapNarrow,
190    /// The capability for an address that arrived from outside, recovered from the planes.
191    CapRecover,
192    /// An access is within its capability's bounds, aligned, and permitted.
193    ///
194    /// The size and the alignment are the access's, and they are in the memory payload rather
195    /// than in operands because they are what the front end knew and not what the program
196    /// computed.
197    ///
198    /// A third operand overrides how many bytes are asked about, and it exists for the one check
199    /// the front end did not write. `spec/safe-memory/07-check-elimination.md` section 7.4 replaces
200    /// the checks in a loop that runs `n` times with one check over `n * sizeof(T)` bytes, and that
201    /// is a length the program computes rather than one anybody knew when the access was parsed. The
202    /// payload still holds the alignment and the type information of the access the check came from,
203    /// and its size becomes the size of one of them rather than the size of the question.
204    CheckBounds,
205    /// The capability's provenance is still live.
206    CheckLive,
207    /// The access agrees with the type plane, which is the effective type rule of C 6.5.
208    CheckType,
209    /// The bytes the access reads have been written.
210    CheckInit,
211    /// A pointer derived from another stays inside the capability the first one had.
212    ///
213    /// Three operands, because the answer is about the new pointer and the question is about
214    /// the old one's capability.
215    CheckDeriv,
216    /// The metadata this access is about to consult has not been changed under it.
217    CheckRace,
218    /// A storage instance begins here, over a range, with a class.
219    ///
220    /// Judgement J4. This is the `alloca` for an automatic instance and the allocator's report
221    /// for an allocated one, and the range is a pointer and a length in registers rather than a
222    /// payload, because the length of a variable length array is not known when the instruction
223    /// is written down.
224    MetaBegin,
225    /// A storage instance ends here, which is judgement J5.
226    ///
227    /// Every capability for it fails from this point on and keeps failing after the address is
228    /// handed out again, which is what makes the check a use after free check rather than a use
229    /// after reallocation one.
230    MetaEnd,
231    /// The effective type of a range is now this one.
232    MetaType,
233    /// The bytes of a range are now initialized.
234    MetaInit,
235    /// A range leaves the monitor's authority, or comes back, which is judgement J7.
236    MetaTransfer,
237    /// A declared exemption starts here, with the reason it was declared.
238    ///
239    /// Not an optimization hint. Everything between this and its `safe_region_end` is code the
240    /// monitor is told not to judge, so the reason it carries is a trust set entry, and
241    /// `spec/safe-memory/10-boundaries.md` section 10.2 counts them per build precisely so that
242    /// a reviewer can read what a binary's guarantee rests on.
243    SafeRegionBegin,
244    /// The end of the region the last `safe_region_begin` opened.
245    SafeRegionEnd,
246
247    // Control. Every one of these is a terminator.
248    /// An unconditional branch, `jump block1(%a, %b)`.
249    Jump,
250    /// A two-way branch on an `i1`.
251    BrIf,
252    /// A multi-way branch on an integer, with a default.
253    Switch,
254    /// A branch to an address, `indirect_br %0, block1, block2`.
255    ///
256    /// The targets are every block control can arrive at, which is what makes the edges of a
257    /// computed `goto` ordinary edges: nothing else in the compiler has to know that the
258    /// address decides which one it is. A target that is not listed is a branch that does not
259    /// happen, so a frontend that leaves one out has made a promise on the program's behalf.
260    IndirectBr,
261    /// A return, with the values the signature says.
262    Return,
263    /// A place control cannot reach, which the frontend emits after a `noreturn` call.
264    Unreachable,
265
266    // Calls.
267    /// A call to a named function.
268    Call,
269    /// A call through an address, carrying the signature it is called with.
270    CallIndirect,
271    /// A call in tail position that reuses the frame, which is a terminator.
272    TailCall,
273
274    // Intrinsics, which is the closed part. The open part is `TargetIntrinsic`.
275    /// Count leading zeroes.
276    Ctlz,
277    /// Count trailing zeroes.
278    Cttz,
279    /// Count set bits.
280    Ctpop,
281    /// Reverse the bytes.
282    Bswap,
283    /// Reverse the bits.
284    Bitreverse,
285    /// Signed addition, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
286    SAddOverflow,
287    /// Unsigned addition, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
288    UAddOverflow,
289    /// Signed subtraction, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
290    SSubOverflow,
291    /// Unsigned subtraction, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
292    USubOverflow,
293    /// Signed multiplication, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
294    SMulOverflow,
295    /// Unsigned multiplication, producing the result and whether it overflowed.
296    UMulOverflow,
297    /// `__builtin_expect`, which is the value with a hint attached.
298    Expect,
299    /// `__builtin_unreachable` as a hint on a path, distinct from the terminator.
300    UnreachableHint,
301    /// `__builtin_prefetch`.
302    Prefetch,
303    /// `__builtin_frame_address`.
304    FrameAddress,
305    /// `__builtin_return_address`.
306    ReturnAddress,
307    /// The start of a variable argument list.
308    VaStart,
309    /// One argument off a variable argument list, which moves the list on as it reads it. Two
310    /// of these on one list are two arguments and never one argument read twice, so whatever
311    /// decides which instructions may be folded together has to leave these alone.
312    VaArg,
313    /// One argument off a variable argument list, when that argument is an object rather than a
314    /// value, which is what a `struct` or a `union` read out of one is.
315    ///
316    /// It answers the address of the object rather than the object, because an aggregate is not
317    /// a value and there is nothing for one result to be. Where the object arrives in registers
318    /// there is no address until something makes one, so what this asks of a target is a place
319    /// to put the registers and the address of that place, which is the copy every psABI's own
320    /// description of the algorithm makes. It moves the list on for the reason [`Opcode::VaArg`]
321    /// does.
322    VaObject,
323    /// The end of a variable argument list.
324    VaEnd,
325    /// A copy of a variable argument list.
326    VaCopy,
327    /// The stack pointer, saved before a variable length array.
328    StackSave,
329    /// The stack pointer, restored after one.
330    StackRestore,
331    /// The marker a `setjmp` leaves, which pins everything live across it.
332    SetjmpMarker,
333    /// The marker a `longjmp` leaves.
334    LongjmpMarker,
335    /// A target-specific intrinsic, named rather than enumerated, for the vector builtins.
336    TargetIntrinsic,
337
338    /// Inline assembly. A terminator when it has labels, which is `asm goto`.
339    InlineAsm,
340}
341
342impl Opcode {
343    /// The textual form, which is also what the parser reads.
344    #[must_use]
345    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
346        match self {
347            Self::IConst => "iconst",
348            Self::FConst => "fconst",
349            Self::Splat => "splat",
350            Self::GlobalAddr => "global_addr",
351            Self::BlockAddr => "block_addr",
352            Self::Add => "add",
353            Self::Sub => "sub",
354            Self::Mul => "mul",
355            Self::SDiv => "sdiv",
356            Self::UDiv => "udiv",
357            Self::SRem => "srem",
358            Self::URem => "urem",
359            Self::And => "and",
360            Self::Or => "or",
361            Self::Xor => "xor",
362            Self::Shl => "shl",
363            Self::LShr => "lshr",
364            Self::AShr => "ashr",
365            Self::FAdd => "fadd",
366            Self::FSub => "fsub",
367            Self::FMul => "fmul",
368            Self::FDiv => "fdiv",
369            Self::FRem => "frem",
370            Self::FNeg => "fneg",
371            Self::Fma => "fma",
372            Self::ICmp => "icmp",
373            Self::FCmp => "fcmp",
374            Self::Select => "select",
375            Self::Trunc => "trunc",
376            Self::SExt => "sext",
377            Self::ZExt => "zext",
378            Self::FPTrunc => "fptrunc",
379            Self::FPExt => "fpext",
380            Self::FPToSI => "fptosi",
381            Self::FPToUI => "fptoui",
382            Self::SIToFP => "sitofp",
383            Self::UIToFP => "uitofp",
384            Self::PtrToInt => "ptrtoint",
385            Self::IntToPtr => "inttoptr",
386            Self::Bitcast => "bitcast",
387            Self::MemEntry => "mem_entry",
388            Self::Alloca => "alloca",
389            Self::Load => "load",
390            Self::Store => "store",
391            Self::PtrAdd => "ptr_add",
392            Self::Memcpy => "memcpy",
393            Self::Memmove => "memmove",
394            Self::Memset => "memset",
395            Self::AtomicLoad => "atomic_load",
396            Self::AtomicStore => "atomic_store",
397            Self::AtomicRmw => "atomic_rmw",
398            Self::Cmpxchg => "cmpxchg",
399            Self::Fence => "fence",
400            Self::CapOf => "cap_of",
401            Self::CapLoad => "cap_load",
402            Self::CapStore => "cap_store",
403            Self::CapNull => "cap_null",
404            Self::CapNarrow => "cap_narrow",
405            Self::CapRecover => "cap_recover",
406            Self::CheckBounds => "check_bounds",
407            Self::CheckLive => "check_live",
408            Self::CheckType => "check_type",
409            Self::CheckInit => "check_init",
410            Self::CheckDeriv => "check_deriv",
411            Self::CheckRace => "check_race",
412            Self::MetaBegin => "meta_begin",
413            Self::MetaEnd => "meta_end",
414            Self::MetaType => "meta_type",
415            Self::MetaInit => "meta_init",
416            Self::MetaTransfer => "meta_transfer",
417            Self::SafeRegionBegin => "safe_region_begin",
418            Self::SafeRegionEnd => "safe_region_end",
419            Self::Jump => "jump",
420            Self::BrIf => "br_if",
421            Self::Switch => "switch",
422            Self::IndirectBr => "indirect_br",
423            Self::Return => "return",
424            Self::Unreachable => "unreachable",
425            Self::Call => "call",
426            Self::CallIndirect => "call_indirect",
427            Self::TailCall => "tail_call",
428            Self::Ctlz => "ctlz",
429            Self::Cttz => "cttz",
430            Self::Ctpop => "ctpop",
431            Self::Bswap => "bswap",
432            Self::Bitreverse => "bitreverse",
433            Self::SAddOverflow => "sadd_overflow",
434            Self::UAddOverflow => "uadd_overflow",
435            Self::SSubOverflow => "ssub_overflow",
436            Self::USubOverflow => "usub_overflow",
437            Self::SMulOverflow => "smul_overflow",
438            Self::UMulOverflow => "umul_overflow",
439            Self::Expect => "expect",
440            Self::UnreachableHint => "unreachable_hint",
441            Self::Prefetch => "prefetch",
442            Self::FrameAddress => "frame_address",
443            Self::ReturnAddress => "return_address",
444            Self::VaStart => "va_start",
445            Self::VaArg => "va_arg",
446            Self::VaObject => "va_object",
447            Self::VaEnd => "va_end",
448            Self::VaCopy => "va_copy",
449            Self::StackSave => "stacksave",
450            Self::StackRestore => "stackrestore",
451            Self::SetjmpMarker => "setjmp_marker",
452            Self::LongjmpMarker => "longjmp_marker",
453            Self::TargetIntrinsic => "target_intrinsic",
454            Self::InlineAsm => "inline_asm",
455        }
456    }
457
458    /// Every opcode, in the order they are declared.
459    ///
460    /// The parser walks this rather than holding a second table, because a second table is a
461    /// table that can disagree with the first one.
462    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
463        ALL.iter().copied()
464    }
465
466    /// The opcode with that name, if there is one.
467    #[must_use]
468    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
469        ALL.iter().copied().find(|op| op.name() == name)
470    }
471
472    /// Whether this ends a block.
473    ///
474    /// [`Opcode::InlineAsm`] is not here and is the one instruction whose answer depends on
475    /// the instruction rather than on the opcode: `asm goto` has successors and everything
476    /// else does not. Ask the instruction, not the opcode.
477    #[must_use]
478    pub const fn is_terminator(self) -> bool {
479        matches!(
480            self,
481            Self::Jump
482                | Self::BrIf
483                | Self::Switch
484                | Self::IndirectBr
485                | Self::Return
486                | Self::Unreachable
487                | Self::TailCall
488        )
489    }
490
491    /// Whether the operands can be swapped without changing the result.
492    ///
493    /// The floating point cases are commutative even under the strictest rounding, because
494    /// swapping the operands of an addition does not change which of them is a NaN, and the
495    /// sign of a NaN result is not something we promise anything about either way.
496    #[must_use]
497    pub const fn is_commutative(self) -> bool {
498        matches!(
499            self,
500            Self::Add
501                | Self::Mul
502                | Self::And
503                | Self::Or
504                | Self::Xor
505                | Self::FAdd
506                | Self::FMul
507                | Self::SAddOverflow
508                | Self::UAddOverflow
509                | Self::SMulOverflow
510                | Self::UMulOverflow
511        )
512    }
513
514    /// Whether this reads or writes memory, or has an effect the optimizer has to preserve.
515    ///
516    /// An instruction that answers no can be deleted when nothing uses its result, moved
517    /// across a call, and merged with another one computing the same thing. Everything else
518    /// has to be argued about individually, so the conservative answer is the true one here
519    /// and the list of exceptions is the part that is checked.
520    #[must_use]
521    pub const fn has_effects(self) -> bool {
522        !matches!(
523            self,
524            Self::IConst
525                | Self::FConst
526                | Self::Splat
527                | Self::GlobalAddr
528                | Self::BlockAddr
529                | Self::Add
530                | Self::Sub
531                | Self::Mul
532                | Self::SDiv
533                | Self::UDiv
534                | Self::SRem
535                | Self::URem
536                | Self::And
537                | Self::Or
538                | Self::Xor
539                | Self::Shl
540                | Self::LShr
541                | Self::AShr
542                | Self::FAdd
543                | Self::FSub
544                | Self::FMul
545                | Self::FDiv
546                | Self::FRem
547                | Self::FNeg
548                | Self::Fma
549                | Self::ICmp
550                | Self::FCmp
551                | Self::Select
552                | Self::Trunc
553                | Self::SExt
554                | Self::ZExt
555                | Self::FPTrunc
556                | Self::FPExt
557                | Self::FPToSI
558                | Self::FPToUI
559                | Self::SIToFP
560                | Self::UIToFP
561                | Self::PtrToInt
562                | Self::IntToPtr
563                | Self::Bitcast
564                | Self::PtrAdd
565                | Self::Ctlz
566                | Self::Cttz
567                | Self::Ctpop
568                | Self::Bswap
569                | Self::Bitreverse
570                | Self::SAddOverflow
571                | Self::UAddOverflow
572                | Self::SSubOverflow
573                | Self::USubOverflow
574                | Self::SMulOverflow
575                | Self::UMulOverflow
576                | Self::Expect
577                | Self::FrameAddress
578                | Self::ReturnAddress
579                | Self::MemEntry
580                // Three of the capability instructions are arithmetic on a pointer's
581                // provenance and touch nothing. The other three do: `cap_load` and
582                // `cap_store` are an access, and `cap_recover` reads the planes.
583                | Self::CapOf
584                | Self::CapNull
585                | Self::CapNarrow
586        )
587    }
588
589    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode touches memory.
590    ///
591    /// This is what decides whether it takes a memory operand once memory SSA is built, per
592    /// document 09 of `spec/optimizer`. It is written as the exceptions to touching memory
593    /// rather than as a list of what does, for the reason document 08.6 gives about the escape
594    /// analysis: an opcode added later has to end up on the conservative side by default, and a
595    /// list of what touches memory would silently leave a new one out.
596    ///
597    /// `mem_entry` answers no. It produces memory rather than touching it, which is the whole
598    /// of what it is for.
599    #[must_use]
600    pub const fn touches_memory(self) -> bool {
601        if !self.has_effects() {
602            return false;
603        }
604        !matches!(
605            self,
606            // Fresh storage nothing could have been reading, and the pointer that names it.
607            Self::Alloca
608                // The stack pointer, which is a register and not memory. Putting it back is a
609                // different matter and is below, because it takes storage away.
610                | Self::StackSave
611                // Control, which goes somewhere rather than touching anything. A tail call is
612                // not here, because it is a call.
613                | Self::Jump
614                | Self::BrIf
615                | Self::Switch
616                | Self::IndirectBr
617                | Self::Return
618                | Self::Unreachable
619                | Self::UnreachableHint
620        )
621    }
622
623    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode writes memory, and so produces a new version of
624    /// it rather than only reading the version it was given.
625    ///
626    /// Everything that touches memory writes it except the ones that plainly do not. A `fence`
627    /// writes nothing and is still a write here, because document 09.5 says an atomic or a
628    /// barrier is a definition nothing walks past, and giving it one is how that is expressed
629    /// in a representation whose only ordering is the memory chain.
630    ///
631    /// The checks read the planes and change nothing, which
632    /// `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.4 states as the word `readonly`. A
633    /// check that trapped is a program that stopped and there is no version of memory after it
634    /// for anything to observe, so the trap costs nothing here. What it does cost is that a
635    /// check may not be moved across a plane write, and that is the memory chain saying so
636    /// rather than this.
637    #[must_use]
638    pub const fn writes_memory(self) -> bool {
639        self.touches_memory()
640            && !matches!(
641                self,
642                Self::Load
643                    | Self::AtomicLoad
644                    | Self::Prefetch
645                    | Self::CapLoad
646                    | Self::CapRecover
647                    | Self::CheckBounds
648                    | Self::CheckLive
649                    | Self::CheckType
650                    | Self::CheckInit
651                    | Self::CheckDeriv
652                    | Self::CheckRace
653            )
654    }
655
656    /// How many values this produces, for the opcodes where the count is fixed.
657    ///
658    /// `None` means the count comes from somewhere else: a call takes it from its signature,
659    /// and inline assembly takes it from its output constraints. A tail call is not one of
660    /// them, because whatever it returns goes straight out of the function and there is no
661    /// instruction after it to use anything.
662    #[must_use]
663    pub const fn results(self) -> Option<u8> {
664        match self {
665            Self::Call | Self::CallIndirect | Self::InlineAsm => None,
666            Self::Cmpxchg
667            | Self::SAddOverflow
668            | Self::UAddOverflow
669            | Self::SSubOverflow
670            | Self::USubOverflow
671            | Self::SMulOverflow
672            | Self::UMulOverflow => Some(2),
673            Self::Store
674            | Self::Memcpy
675            | Self::Memmove
676            | Self::Memset
677            | Self::AtomicStore
678            | Self::Fence
679            | Self::Prefetch
680            | Self::VaStart
681            | Self::VaEnd
682            | Self::VaCopy
683            | Self::StackRestore
684            | Self::UnreachableHint
685            | Self::SetjmpMarker
686            | Self::LongjmpMarker
687            | Self::CapStore
688            | Self::CheckBounds
689            | Self::CheckLive
690            | Self::CheckType
691            | Self::CheckInit
692            | Self::CheckDeriv
693            | Self::CheckRace
694            | Self::MetaBegin
695            | Self::MetaEnd
696            | Self::MetaType
697            | Self::MetaInit
698            | Self::MetaTransfer
699            | Self::SafeRegionBegin
700            | Self::SafeRegionEnd => Some(0),
701            _ if self.is_terminator() => Some(0),
702            _ => Some(1),
703        }
704    }
705
706    /// Whether an instruction with this opcode produces a capability.
707    ///
708    /// Five of the six `cap` instructions, `cap_store` being the one that consumes one instead.
709    /// The reason this is a question about the opcode rather than about the
710    /// result type is that the verifier asks it the other way round: it walks the results looking
711    /// for a `cap` and needs to know whether the instruction under it was entitled to make one.
712    #[must_use]
713    pub const fn makes_capability(self) -> bool {
714        matches!(
715            self,
716            Self::CapOf | Self::CapLoad | Self::CapNull | Self::CapNarrow | Self::CapRecover
717        )
718    }
719
720    /// Which payload an instruction with this opcode carries.
721    ///
722    /// The printer reads the payload it finds and does not need this. The parser has only the
723    /// opcode when it reaches the operands, so this is where the two of them agree on what
724    /// comes after them. An instruction carrying a payload of some other kind prints as text
725    /// the parser cannot read back, which is why the verifier checks it against
726    /// [`Extra::kind`](crate::Extra::kind) rather than leaving it to be found later.
727    #[must_use]
728    pub const fn extra_kind(self) -> ExtraKind {
729        match self {
730            Self::IConst | Self::FConst | Self::Splat => ExtraKind::Imm,
731            Self::GlobalAddr | Self::TargetIntrinsic => ExtraKind::Symbol,
732            Self::ICmp => ExtraKind::IntPred,
733            Self::FCmp => ExtraKind::FloatPred,
734            Self::Alloca
735            | Self::Load
736            | Self::Store
737            | Self::Memcpy
738            | Self::Memmove
739            | Self::Memset
740            | Self::AtomicLoad
741            | Self::AtomicStore
742            | Self::Cmpxchg
743            // Three of the checks are about a run of bytes and the payload is where the size
744            // of that run is, along with the alignment `check_bounds` wants and the aliasing
745            // node `check_type` compares against. The other three ask a question about a
746            // pointer and not about a range, so they carry nothing.
747            | Self::CheckBounds
748            | Self::CheckType
749            | Self::CheckInit => ExtraKind::Mem,
750            // The plane writes. What each one needs beyond the range is different, and the range
751            // itself is operands, since the length of a variable length array is a value.
752            Self::MetaBegin => ExtraKind::Class,
753            Self::MetaTransfer => ExtraKind::Owner,
754            Self::MetaType => ExtraKind::Node,
755            Self::SafeRegionBegin => ExtraKind::Reason,
756            Self::VaObject => ExtraKind::VaObject,
757            Self::AtomicRmw => ExtraKind::Rmw,
758            Self::Fence => ExtraKind::Order,
759            Self::Jump | Self::BrIf | Self::BlockAddr | Self::IndirectBr => ExtraKind::Targets,
760            Self::Switch => ExtraKind::Switch,
761            Self::Call | Self::CallIndirect | Self::TailCall => ExtraKind::Call,
762            Self::InlineAsm => ExtraKind::Asm,
763            _ => ExtraKind::None,
764        }
765    }
766}
767
768/// Which of [`Extra`](crate::Extra)'s shapes an instruction carries.
769///
770/// The same list of names, without any of the payloads, so that a question about an opcode can
771/// be answered without an instruction to look at.
772#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
773pub enum ExtraKind {
774    /// Nothing.
775    None,
776    /// A constant.
777    Imm,
778    /// A name.
779    Symbol,
780    /// An integer comparison predicate.
781    IntPred,
782    /// A floating point comparison predicate.
783    FloatPred,
784    /// An access.
785    Mem,
786    /// An atomic read-modify-write.
787    Rmw,
788    /// A barrier's ordering.
789    Order,
790    /// Branch targets.
791    Targets,
792    /// A call.
793    Call,
794    /// A `switch`.
795    Switch,
796    /// Inline assembly.
797    Asm,
798    /// An object read off a variable argument list.
799    VaObject,
800    /// What kind of storage an instance is.
801    Class,
802    /// Who a range of memory went to.
803    Owner,
804    /// A metadata node.
805    Node,
806    /// Why a declared exemption is there.
807    Reason,
808}
809
810impl ExtraKind {
811    /// What it is, in words, for a message that names two of them and has to read as English.
812    #[must_use]
813    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
814        match self {
815            Self::None => "nothing",
816            Self::Imm => "a constant",
817            Self::Symbol => "a name",
818            Self::IntPred => "an integer comparison",
819            Self::FloatPred => "a floating point comparison",
820            Self::Mem => "an access",
821            Self::Rmw => "a read-modify-write",
822            Self::Order => "an ordering",
823            Self::Targets => "branch targets",
824            Self::Call => "a call",
825            Self::Switch => "a switch",
826            Self::Asm => "inline assembly",
827            Self::VaObject => "an object off a variable argument list",
828            Self::Class => "a storage class",
829            Self::Owner => "an owner",
830            Self::Node => "a metadata node",
831            Self::Reason => "a reason",
832        }
833    }
834}
835
836impl fmt::Display for Opcode {
837    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
838        f.write_str(self.name())
839    }
840}
841
842/// Every opcode, which is what [`Opcode::all`] hands out.
843///
844/// This is written out rather than derived, and the test below is what keeps it complete: it
845/// checks the count against [`Opcode::InlineAsm`], the last variant, so a new opcode that is
846/// not added here fails the build rather than going quietly missing from the parser.
847static ALL: &[Opcode] = &[
848    Opcode::IConst,
849    Opcode::FConst,
850    Opcode::Splat,
851    Opcode::GlobalAddr,
852    Opcode::BlockAddr,
853    Opcode::Add,
854    Opcode::Sub,
855    Opcode::Mul,
856    Opcode::SDiv,
857    Opcode::UDiv,
858    Opcode::SRem,
859    Opcode::URem,
860    Opcode::And,
861    Opcode::Or,
862    Opcode::Xor,
863    Opcode::Shl,
864    Opcode::LShr,
865    Opcode::AShr,
866    Opcode::FAdd,
867    Opcode::FSub,
868    Opcode::FMul,
869    Opcode::FDiv,
870    Opcode::FRem,
871    Opcode::FNeg,
872    Opcode::Fma,
873    Opcode::ICmp,
874    Opcode::FCmp,
875    Opcode::Select,
876    Opcode::Trunc,
877    Opcode::SExt,
878    Opcode::ZExt,
879    Opcode::FPTrunc,
880    Opcode::FPExt,
881    Opcode::FPToSI,
882    Opcode::FPToUI,
883    Opcode::SIToFP,
884    Opcode::UIToFP,
885    Opcode::PtrToInt,
886    Opcode::IntToPtr,
887    Opcode::Bitcast,
888    Opcode::MemEntry,
889    Opcode::Alloca,
890    Opcode::Load,
891    Opcode::Store,
892    Opcode::PtrAdd,
893    Opcode::Memcpy,
894    Opcode::Memmove,
895    Opcode::Memset,
896    Opcode::AtomicLoad,
897    Opcode::AtomicStore,
898    Opcode::AtomicRmw,
899    Opcode::Cmpxchg,
900    Opcode::Fence,
901    Opcode::CapOf,
902    Opcode::CapLoad,
903    Opcode::CapStore,
904    Opcode::CapNull,
905    Opcode::CapNarrow,
906    Opcode::CapRecover,
907    Opcode::CheckBounds,
908    Opcode::CheckLive,
909    Opcode::CheckType,
910    Opcode::CheckInit,
911    Opcode::CheckDeriv,
912    Opcode::CheckRace,
913    Opcode::MetaBegin,
914    Opcode::MetaEnd,
915    Opcode::MetaType,
916    Opcode::MetaInit,
917    Opcode::MetaTransfer,
918    Opcode::SafeRegionBegin,
919    Opcode::SafeRegionEnd,
920    Opcode::Jump,
921    Opcode::BrIf,
922    Opcode::Switch,
923    Opcode::IndirectBr,
924    Opcode::Return,
925    Opcode::Unreachable,
926    Opcode::Call,
927    Opcode::CallIndirect,
928    Opcode::TailCall,
929    Opcode::Ctlz,
930    Opcode::Cttz,
931    Opcode::Ctpop,
932    Opcode::Bswap,
933    Opcode::Bitreverse,
934    Opcode::SAddOverflow,
935    Opcode::UAddOverflow,
936    Opcode::SSubOverflow,
937    Opcode::USubOverflow,
938    Opcode::SMulOverflow,
939    Opcode::UMulOverflow,
940    Opcode::Expect,
941    Opcode::UnreachableHint,
942    Opcode::Prefetch,
943    Opcode::FrameAddress,
944    Opcode::ReturnAddress,
945    Opcode::VaStart,
946    Opcode::VaArg,
947    Opcode::VaObject,
948    Opcode::VaEnd,
949    Opcode::VaCopy,
950    Opcode::StackSave,
951    Opcode::StackRestore,
952    Opcode::SetjmpMarker,
953    Opcode::LongjmpMarker,
954    Opcode::TargetIntrinsic,
955    Opcode::InlineAsm,
956];
957
958/// The ten integer comparisons.
959///
960/// Signedness is on the predicate rather than on the type, for the same reason it is on
961/// `sdiv` and `udiv`: the type space is halved and the operation says what it means.
962#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
963pub enum IntPred {
964    /// Equal.
965    Eq,
966    /// Not equal.
967    Ne,
968    /// Signed less than.
969    Slt,
970    /// Signed less than or equal.
971    Sle,
972    /// Signed greater than.
973    Sgt,
974    /// Signed greater than or equal.
975    Sge,
976    /// Unsigned less than.
977    Ult,
978    /// Unsigned less than or equal.
979    Ule,
980    /// Unsigned greater than.
981    Ugt,
982    /// Unsigned greater than or equal.
983    Uge,
984}
985
986impl IntPred {
987    /// The textual form.
988    #[must_use]
989    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
990        match self {
991            Self::Eq => "eq",
992            Self::Ne => "ne",
993            Self::Slt => "slt",
994            Self::Sle => "sle",
995            Self::Sgt => "sgt",
996            Self::Sge => "sge",
997            Self::Ult => "ult",
998            Self::Ule => "ule",
999            Self::Ugt => "ugt",
1000            Self::Uge => "uge",
1001        }
1002    }
1003
1004    /// The predicate with that name, if there is one.
1005    #[must_use]
1006    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
1007        Self::all().find(|pred| pred.name() == name)
1008    }
1009
1010    /// Every predicate.
1011    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
1012        [
1013            Self::Eq,
1014            Self::Ne,
1015            Self::Slt,
1016            Self::Sle,
1017            Self::Sgt,
1018            Self::Sge,
1019            Self::Ult,
1020            Self::Ule,
1021            Self::Ugt,
1022            Self::Uge,
1023        ]
1024        .into_iter()
1025    }
1026
1027    /// The predicate that holds exactly when this one does not.
1028    #[must_use]
1029    pub const fn inverse(self) -> Self {
1030        match self {
1031            Self::Eq => Self::Ne,
1032            Self::Ne => Self::Eq,
1033            Self::Slt => Self::Sge,
1034            Self::Sge => Self::Slt,
1035            Self::Sle => Self::Sgt,
1036            Self::Sgt => Self::Sle,
1037            Self::Ult => Self::Uge,
1038            Self::Uge => Self::Ult,
1039            Self::Ule => Self::Ugt,
1040            Self::Ugt => Self::Ule,
1041        }
1042    }
1043
1044    /// The predicate that holds when the operands are given the other way round.
1045    #[must_use]
1046    pub const fn swapped(self) -> Self {
1047        match self {
1048            Self::Eq => Self::Eq,
1049            Self::Ne => Self::Ne,
1050            Self::Slt => Self::Sgt,
1051            Self::Sgt => Self::Slt,
1052            Self::Sle => Self::Sge,
1053            Self::Sge => Self::Sle,
1054            Self::Ult => Self::Ugt,
1055            Self::Ugt => Self::Ult,
1056            Self::Ule => Self::Uge,
1057            Self::Uge => Self::Ule,
1058        }
1059    }
1060
1061    /// Whether this reads its operands as signed. Equality reads them as neither.
1062    #[must_use]
1063    pub const fn is_signed(self) -> bool {
1064        matches!(self, Self::Slt | Self::Sle | Self::Sgt | Self::Sge)
1065    }
1066}
1067
1068impl fmt::Display for IntPred {
1069    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
1070        f.write_str(self.name())
1071    }
1072}
1073
1074/// The floating point comparisons, ordered and unordered.
1075///
1076/// An ordered predicate is false if either operand is a NaN, and an unordered one is true. C's
1077/// `<` is `olt` and C's `!=` is `une`, which is the whole of why both families are here.
1078#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
1079pub enum FloatPred {
1080    /// Always false.
1081    False,
1082    /// Ordered and equal.
1083    Oeq,
1084    /// Ordered and greater than.
1085    Ogt,
1086    /// Ordered and greater than or equal.
1087    Oge,
1088    /// Ordered and less than.
1089    Olt,
1090    /// Ordered and less than or equal.
1091    Ole,
1092    /// Ordered and not equal.
1093    One,
1094    /// Ordered, which is to say neither operand is a NaN.
1095    Ord,
1096    /// Unordered, which is to say one of them is.
1097    Uno,
1098    /// Unordered or equal.
1099    Ueq,
1100    /// Unordered or greater than.
1101    Ugt,
1102    /// Unordered or greater than or equal.
1103    Uge,
1104    /// Unordered or less than.
1105    Ult,
1106    /// Unordered or less than or equal.
1107    Ule,
1108    /// Unordered or not equal.
1109    Une,
1110    /// Always true.
1111    True,
1112}
1113
1114impl FloatPred {
1115    /// The textual form.
1116    #[must_use]
1117    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
1118        match self {
1119            Self::False => "false",
1120            Self::Oeq => "oeq",
1121            Self::Ogt => "ogt",
1122            Self::Oge => "oge",
1123            Self::Olt => "olt",
1124            Self::Ole => "ole",
1125            Self::One => "one",
1126            Self::Ord => "ord",
1127            Self::Uno => "uno",
1128            Self::Ueq => "ueq",
1129            Self::Ugt => "ugt",
1130            Self::Uge => "uge",
1131            Self::Ult => "ult",
1132            Self::Ule => "ule",
1133            Self::Une => "une",
1134            Self::True => "true",
1135        }
1136    }
1137
1138    /// The predicate with that name, if there is one.
1139    #[must_use]
1140    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
1141        Self::all().find(|pred| pred.name() == name)
1142    }
1143
1144    /// Every predicate.
1145    pub fn all() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
1146        [
1147            Self::False,
1148            Self::Oeq,
1149            Self::Ogt,
1150            Self::Oge,
1151            Self::Olt,
1152            Self::Ole,
1153            Self::One,
1154            Self::Ord,
1155            Self::Uno,
1156            Self::Ueq,
1157            Self::Ugt,
1158            Self::Uge,
1159            Self::Ult,
1160            Self::Ule,
1161            Self::Une,
1162            Self::True,
1163        ]
1164        .into_iter()
1165    }
1166
1167    /// The predicate that holds exactly when this one does not.
1168    #[must_use]
1169    pub const fn inverse(self) -> Self {
1170        match self {
1171            Self::False => Self::True,
1172            Self::Oeq => Self::Une,
1173            Self::Ogt => Self::Ule,
1174            Self::Oge => Self::Ult,
1175            Self::Olt => Self::Uge,
1176            Self::Ole => Self::Ugt,
1177            Self::One => Self::Ueq,
1178            Self::Ord => Self::Uno,
1179            Self::Uno => Self::Ord,
1180            Self::Ueq => Self::One,
1181            Self::Ugt => Self::Ole,
1182            Self::Uge => Self::Olt,
1183            Self::Ult => Self::Oge,
1184            Self::Ule => Self::Ogt,
1185            Self::Une => Self::Oeq,
1186            Self::True => Self::False,
1187        }
1188    }
1189
1190    /// The predicate that holds when the operands are given the other way round.
1191    #[must_use]
1192    pub const fn swapped(self) -> Self {
1193        match self {
1194            Self::Ogt => Self::Olt,
1195            Self::Olt => Self::Ogt,
1196            Self::Oge => Self::Ole,
1197            Self::Ole => Self::Oge,
1198            Self::Ugt => Self::Ult,
1199            Self::Ult => Self::Ugt,
1200            Self::Uge => Self::Ule,
1201            Self::Ule => Self::Uge,
1202            same => same,
1203        }
1204    }
1205
1206    /// Whether this is false when either operand is a NaN.
1207    ///
1208    /// [`FloatPred::False`] and [`FloatPred::True`] are neither ordered nor unordered, since
1209    /// they do not look at their operands at all, and both answer no here.
1210    #[must_use]
1211    pub const fn is_ordered(self) -> bool {
1212        matches!(
1213            self,
1214            Self::Oeq | Self::Ogt | Self::Oge | Self::Olt | Self::Ole | Self::One | Self::Ord
1215        )
1216    }
1217}
1218
1219impl fmt::Display for FloatPred {
1220    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
1221        f.write_str(self.name())
1222    }
1223}
1224
1225#[cfg(test)]
1226mod tests {
1227    use super::*;
1228
1229    #[test]
1230    fn every_opcode_is_in_the_table() {
1231        // `InlineAsm` is the last variant, so its discriminant plus one is how many there are.
1232        // A new opcode declared after it moves this number, and a new opcode declared before
1233        // it and not added to `ALL` moves the length, so either mistake fails here.
1234        assert_eq!(ALL.len(), Opcode::InlineAsm as usize + 1);
1235        for (position, &op) in ALL.iter().enumerate() {
1236            assert_eq!(op as usize, position, "{op} is out of order in ALL");
1237        }
1238    }
1239
1240    #[test]
1241    fn every_opcode_name_is_one_word_the_reader_can_take() {
1242        // The textual form keeps the dot for the type suffix and the flags, so an opcode with a
1243        // dot in it reads back as a shorter opcode with a suffix that is not a type. The safety
1244        // instructions are spelled `cap_of` and not `cap.of` for this reason, and the
1245        // specification says so at `spec/safe-memory/06-instrumentation.md` section 6.2.2.
1246        for opcode in Opcode::all() {
1247            let name = opcode.name();
1248            assert!(!name.is_empty(), "an opcode with no name");
1249            assert!(
1250                name.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_lowercase() || b.is_ascii_digit() || b == b'_'),
1251                "{name} is not one word"
1252            );
1253        }
1254    }
1255
1256    #[test]
1257    fn every_opcode_has_its_own_name_and_finds_it_again() {
1258        let mut names: Vec<&str> = Opcode::all().map(Opcode::name).collect();
1259        let total = names.len();
1260        names.sort_unstable();
1261        names.dedup();
1262        assert_eq!(names.len(), total, "two opcodes share a name");
1263        for op in Opcode::all() {
1264            assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name(op.name()), Some(op));
1265        }
1266        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name("phi"), None);
1267        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name("getelementptr"), None);
1268        assert_eq!(Opcode::from_name(""), None);
1269    }
1270
1271    #[test]
1272    fn the_terminators_are_the_ones_control_leaves_by() {
1273        let terminators: Vec<&str> =
1274            Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.is_terminator()).map(Opcode::name).collect();
1275        assert_eq!(
1276            terminators,
1277            ["jump", "br_if", "switch", "indirect_br", "return", "unreachable", "tail_call"]
1278        );
1279    }
1280
1281    #[test]
1282    fn a_terminator_produces_nothing() {
1283        for op in Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.is_terminator()) {
1284            assert_eq!(op.results(), Some(0), "{op}");
1285        }
1286    }
1287
1288    #[test]
1289    fn the_pair_producing_opcodes_are_the_ones_with_a_flag_beside_the_value() {
1290        let pairs: Vec<&str> =
1291            Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.results() == Some(2)).map(Opcode::name).collect();
1292        assert_eq!(
1293            pairs,
1294            [
1295                "cmpxchg",
1296                "sadd_overflow",
1297                "uadd_overflow",
1298                "ssub_overflow",
1299                "usub_overflow",
1300                "smul_overflow",
1301                "umul_overflow"
1302            ]
1303        );
1304    }
1305
1306    #[test]
1307    fn the_capability_instructions_are_the_ones_that_make_a_capability() {
1308        let makers: Vec<Opcode> = Opcode::all().filter(|op| op.makes_capability()).collect();
1309        assert_eq!(
1310            makers,
1311            vec![
1312                Opcode::CapOf,
1313                Opcode::CapLoad,
1314                Opcode::CapNull,
1315                Opcode::CapNarrow,
1316                Opcode::CapRecover
1317            ]
1318        );
1319        // The sixth is the one that writes a capability rather than making one, so it produces
1320        // nothing at all and is not on the list.
1321        assert!(!Opcode::CapStore.makes_capability());
1322        assert_eq!(Opcode::CapStore.results(), Some(0));
1323        for opcode in makers {
1324            assert_eq!(opcode.results(), Some(1), "{}", opcode.name());
1325        }
1326    }
1327
1328    #[test]
1329    fn a_check_reads_the_planes_and_writes_nothing() {
1330        let checks = [
1331            Opcode::CheckBounds,
1332            Opcode::CheckLive,
1333            Opcode::CheckType,
1334            Opcode::CheckInit,
1335            Opcode::CheckDeriv,
1336            Opcode::CheckRace,
1337        ];
1338        for opcode in checks {
1339            let name = opcode.name();
1340            // It traps, so it stays where it was put and nothing deletes it for having no
1341            // result. It reads a plane, so it takes a memory operand. It writes nothing, so
1342            // the access after it reads the version the check was given.
1343            assert!(opcode.has_effects(), "{name}");
1344            assert!(opcode.touches_memory(), "{name}");
1345            assert!(!opcode.writes_memory(), "{name}");
1346            assert_eq!(opcode.results(), Some(0), "{name}");
1347        }
1348    }
1349
1350    #[test]
1351    fn the_capability_instructions_that_touch_memory_are_the_three_that_have_to() {
1352        // `cap_load` and `cap_store` are an access to the slot beside a pointer and
1353        // `cap_recover` reads the planes. The other three are arithmetic on a provenance the
1354        // program already had, so the optimizer may treat them as it treats `ptr_add`.
1355        assert!(!Opcode::CapOf.has_effects());
1356        assert!(!Opcode::CapNull.has_effects());
1357        assert!(!Opcode::CapNarrow.has_effects());
1358        assert!(Opcode::CapLoad.touches_memory() && !Opcode::CapLoad.writes_memory());
1359        assert!(Opcode::CapRecover.touches_memory() && !Opcode::CapRecover.writes_memory());
1360        assert!(Opcode::CapStore.writes_memory());
1361    }
1362
1363    #[test]
1364    fn memory_has_effects_and_arithmetic_does_not() {
1365        for op in [Opcode::Load, Opcode::Store, Opcode::Call, Opcode::Alloca, Opcode::Fence] {
1366            assert!(op.has_effects(), "{op}");
1367        }
1368        for op in [Opcode::Add, Opcode::FDiv, Opcode::ICmp, Opcode::PtrAdd, Opcode::IConst] {
1369            assert!(!op.has_effects(), "{op}");
1370        }
1371    }
1372
1373    #[test]
1374    fn commuting_is_only_claimed_where_it_holds() {
1375        assert!(Opcode::Add.is_commutative());
1376        assert!(Opcode::FAdd.is_commutative());
1377        assert!(!Opcode::Sub.is_commutative());
1378        assert!(!Opcode::FDiv.is_commutative());
1379        assert!(!Opcode::Shl.is_commutative());
1380    }
1381
1382    #[test]
1383    fn an_integer_predicate_inverts_and_swaps_back_to_itself() {
1384        for pred in IntPred::all() {
1385            assert_eq!(pred.inverse().inverse(), pred);
1386            assert_eq!(pred.swapped().swapped(), pred);
1387            assert_eq!(IntPred::from_name(pred.name()), Some(pred));
1388        }
1389        assert_eq!(IntPred::Slt.inverse(), IntPred::Sge);
1390        assert_eq!(IntPred::Slt.swapped(), IntPred::Sgt);
1391        assert_eq!(IntPred::from_name("lt"), None);
1392    }
1393
1394    #[test]
1395    fn a_floating_predicate_inverts_across_the_ordered_line() {
1396        for pred in FloatPred::all() {
1397            assert_eq!(pred.inverse().inverse(), pred);
1398            assert_eq!(pred.swapped().swapped(), pred);
1399            assert_eq!(FloatPred::from_name(pred.name()), Some(pred));
1400        }
1401        // Inverting has to cross the line, because the negation of an ordered comparison is
1402        // true when an operand is a NaN. This is where `!(a < b)` stops being `a >= b`. The
1403        // two constants are outside it: neither of them looks at its operands.
1404        for pred in FloatPred::all().filter(|p| !matches!(p, FloatPred::False | FloatPred::True)) {
1405            assert_ne!(pred.is_ordered(), pred.inverse().is_ordered(), "{pred}");
1406        }
1407        assert_eq!(FloatPred::Olt.inverse(), FloatPred::Uge);
1408        assert_eq!(FloatPred::Olt.swapped(), FloatPred::Ogt);
1409    }
1410
1411    #[test]
1412    fn swapping_a_predicate_keeps_it_ordered_or_unordered() {
1413        for pred in FloatPred::all() {
1414            assert_eq!(pred.is_ordered(), pred.swapped().is_ordered(), "{pred}");
1415        }
1416        for pred in IntPred::all() {
1417            assert_eq!(pred.is_signed(), pred.swapped().is_signed(), "{pred}");
1418        }
1419    }
1420
1421    #[test]
1422    fn no_two_predicates_share_a_name_within_their_family() {
1423        for names in [
1424            IntPred::all().map(IntPred::name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
1425            FloatPred::all().map(FloatPred::name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
1426        ] {
1427            let total = names.len();
1428            let mut names = names;
1429            names.sort_unstable();
1430            names.dedup();
1431            assert_eq!(names.len(), total);
1432        }
1433    }
1434}