Struct rocket::http::MediaType

pub struct MediaType { /* fields omitted */ }

An HTTP media type.

Usage

A MediaType should rarely be used directly. Instead, one is typically used indirectly via types like Accept and ContentType, which internally contain MediaTypes. Nonetheless, a MediaType can be created via the MediaType::new(), MediaType::with_params(), and MediaType::from_extension() methods. The preferred method, however, is to create a MediaType via an associated constant.

Example

A media type of application/json can be instantiated via the MediaType::JSON constant:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let json = MediaType::JSON;
assert_eq!(json.top(), "application");
assert_eq!(json.sub(), "json");

let json = MediaType::new("application", "json");
assert_eq!(MediaType::JSON, json);

Comparison and Hashing

The PartialEq and Hash implementations for MediaType do not take into account parameters. This means that a media type of text/html is equal to a media type of text/html; charset=utf-8, for instance. This is typically the comparison that is desired.

If an exact comparison is desired that takes into account parameters, the exact_eq() method can be used.

Implementations

impl MediaType

pub fn new<T, S>(top: T, sub: S) -> MediaType where
    T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
    S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, 

Creates a new MediaType with top-level type top and subtype sub. This should only be used to construct uncommon or custom media types. Use an associated constant for everything else.

Example

Create a custom application/x-person media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let custom = MediaType::new("application", "x-person");
assert_eq!(custom.top(), "application");
assert_eq!(custom.sub(), "x-person");

pub fn with_params<T, S, K, V, P>(top: T, sub: S, ps: P) -> MediaType where
    T: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
    S: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
    V: Into<Cow<'static, str>>,
    P: IntoCollection<(K, V)>,
    K: Into<Cow<'static, str>>, 

Creates a new MediaType with top-level type top, subtype sub, and parameters ps. This should only be used to construct uncommon or custom media types. Use an associated constant for everything else.

Example

Create a custom application/x-id; id=1 media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let id = MediaType::with_params("application", "x-id", ("id", "1"));
assert_eq!(id.to_string(), "application/x-id; id=1".to_string());

Create a custom text/person; name=bob; weight=175 media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let params = vec![("name", "bob"), ("ref", "2382")];
let mt = MediaType::with_params("text", "person", params);
assert_eq!(mt.to_string(), "text/person; name=bob; ref=2382".to_string());

pub const fn const_new(
    top: &'static str,
    sub: &'static str,
    params: &'static [(&'static str, &'static str)]
) -> MediaType

A const variant of MediaType::with_params(). Creates a new MediaType with top-level type top, subtype sub, and parameters params, which may be empty.

Example

Create a custom application/x-person media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let custom = MediaType::const_new("application", "x-person", &[]);
assert_eq!(custom.top(), "application");
assert_eq!(custom.sub(), "x-person");

pub fn parse_flexible(name: &str) -> Option<MediaType>

Flexibly parses name into a MediaType . The parse is flexible because, in addition to stricly correct media types, it recognizes the following shorthands:

• “any” - MediaType::Any
• “binary” - MediaType::Binary
• “bytes” - MediaType::Bytes
• “html” - MediaType::HTML
• “plain” - MediaType::Plain
• “text” - MediaType::Text
• “json” - MediaType::JSON
• “msgpack” - MediaType::MsgPack
• “form” - MediaType::Form
• “js” - MediaType::JavaScript
• “css” - MediaType::CSS
• “multipart” - MediaType::FormData
• “xml” - MediaType::XML
• “pdf” - MediaType::PDF For regular parsing, use the MediaType::from_str() method.

Example

Using a shorthand:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let html = MediaType::parse_flexible("html");
assert_eq!(html, Some(MediaType::HTML));

let json = MediaType::parse_flexible("json");
assert_eq!(json, Some(MediaType::JSON));

Using the full media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let html = MediaType::parse_flexible("text/html; charset=utf-8");
assert_eq!(html, Some(MediaType::HTML));

let json = MediaType::parse_flexible("application/json");
assert_eq!(json, Some(MediaType::JSON));

let custom = MediaType::parse_flexible("application/x+custom");
assert_eq!(custom, Some(MediaType::new("application", "x+custom")));

An unrecognized media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let foo = MediaType::parse_flexible("foo");
assert_eq!(foo, None);

let bar = MediaType::parse_flexible("foo/bar/baz");
assert_eq!(bar, None);

pub fn from_extension(ext: &str) -> Option<MediaType>

Returns the Media-Type associated with the extension ext . Not all extensions are recognized. If an extensions is not recognized, None is returned. The currently recognized extensions are:

• txt - MediaType::Plain
• html - MediaType::HTML
• htm - MediaType::HTML
• xml - MediaType::XML
• csv - MediaType::CSV
• js - MediaType::JavaScript
• css - MediaType::CSS
• json - MediaType::JSON
• png - MediaType::PNG
• gif - MediaType::GIF
• bmp - MediaType::BMP
• jpeg - MediaType::JPEG
• jpg - MediaType::JPEG
• webp - MediaType::WEBP
• avif - MediaType::AVIF
• svg - MediaType::SVG
• ico - MediaType::Icon
• flac - MediaType::FLAC
• wav - MediaType::WAV
• webm - MediaType::WEBM
• weba - MediaType::WEBA
• ogg - MediaType::OGG
• ogv - MediaType::OGG
• pdf - MediaType::PDF
• ttf - MediaType::TTF
• otf - MediaType::OTF
• woff - MediaType::WOFF
• woff2 - MediaType::WOFF2
• mp4 - MediaType::MP4
• mpeg4 - MediaType::MP4
• wasm - MediaType::WASM
• aac - MediaType::AAC
• ics - MediaType::Calendar
• bin - MediaType::Binary
• mpg - MediaType::MPEG
• mpeg - MediaType::MPEG
• tar - MediaType::TAR
• gz - MediaType::GZIP
• tif - MediaType::TIFF
• tiff - MediaType::TIFF
• mov - MediaType::MOV
• zip - MediaType::ZIP

This list is likely to grow. Extensions are matched case-insensitively.

Example

Recognized media types:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let xml = MediaType::from_extension("xml");
assert_eq!(xml, Some(MediaType::XML));

let xml = MediaType::from_extension("XML");
assert_eq!(xml, Some(MediaType::XML));

An unrecognized media type:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let foo = MediaType::from_extension("foo");
assert!(foo.is_none());

pub fn top(&self) -> &UncasedStr

Returns the top-level type for this media type. The return type, UncasedStr, has caseless equality comparison and hashing.

Example

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let plain = MediaType::Plain;
assert_eq!(plain.top(), "text");
assert_eq!(plain.top(), "TEXT");
assert_eq!(plain.top(), "Text");

pub fn sub(&self) -> &UncasedStr

Returns the subtype for this media type. The return type, UncasedStr, has caseless equality comparison and hashing.

Example

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let plain = MediaType::Plain;
assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "plain");
assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "PlaIN");
assert_eq!(plain.sub(), "pLaIn");

pub fn specificity(&self) -> u8

Returns a u8 representing how specific the top-level type and subtype of this media type are.

The return value is either 0, 1, or 2, where 2 is the most specific. A 0 is returned when both the top and sublevel types are *. A 1 is returned when only one of the top or sublevel types is *, and a 2 is returned when neither the top or sublevel types are *.

Example

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let mt = MediaType::Plain;
assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 2);

let mt = MediaType::new("text", "*");
assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 1);

let mt = MediaType::Any;
assert_eq!(mt.specificity(), 0);

pub fn exact_eq(&self, other: &MediaType) -> bool

Compares self with other and returns true if self and other are exactly equal to each other, including with respect to their parameters.

This is different from the PartialEq implementation in that it considers parameters. If PartialEq returns false, this function is guaranteed to return false. Similarly, if this function returns true, PartialEq is guaranteed to return true. However, if PartialEq returns true, this function may or may not return true.

Example

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let plain = MediaType::Plain;
let plain2 = MediaType::with_params("text", "plain", ("charset", "utf-8"));
let just_plain = MediaType::new("text", "plain");

// The `PartialEq` implementation doesn't consider parameters.
assert!(plain == just_plain);
assert!(just_plain == plain2);
assert!(plain == plain2);

// While `exact_eq` does.
assert!(!plain.exact_eq(&just_plain));
assert!(!plain2.exact_eq(&just_plain));
assert!(plain.exact_eq(&plain2));

pub fn params(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'a UncasedStr, &'a str)> + 'a

Returns an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of the media type’s parameter list. The iterator will be empty if the media type has no parameters.

Example

The MediaType::Plain type has one parameter: charset=utf-8:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let plain = MediaType::Plain;
let (key, val) = plain.params().next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(key, "charset");
assert_eq!(val, "utf-8");

The MediaType::PNG type has no parameters:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let png = MediaType::PNG;
assert_eq!(png.params().count(), 0);

pub fn param(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<&'a str>

Returns the first parameter with name name, if there is any.

pub fn extension(&self) -> Option<&UncasedStr>

Returns the most common file extension associated with the Media-Type self if it is known. Otherwise, returns None . The currently recognized extensions are identical to those in MediaType::from_extension() with the most common extension being the first extension appearing in the list for a given Media-Type .

Example

Known extension:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

assert_eq!(MediaType::JSON.extension().unwrap(), "json");
assert_eq!(MediaType::JPEG.extension().unwrap(), "jpeg");
assert_eq!(MediaType::JPEG.extension().unwrap(), "JPEG");
assert_eq!(MediaType::PDF.extension().unwrap(), "pdf");

An unknown extension:

use rocket::http::MediaType;

let foo = MediaType::new("foo", "bar");
assert!(foo.extension().is_none());

pub const Any: MediaType

Media Type for any media type: */*.

pub const Binary: MediaType

Media Type for binary data: application/octet-stream.

pub const Bytes: MediaType

Media Type for binary data: application/octet-stream.

pub const HTML: MediaType

Media Type for HTML: text/html; charset=utf-8.

pub const Plain: MediaType

Media Type for plain text: text/plain; charset=utf-8.

pub const Text: MediaType

Media Type for plain text: text/plain; charset=utf-8.

pub const JSON: MediaType

Media Type for JSON: application/json.

pub const MsgPack: MediaType

Media Type for MsgPack: application/msgpack.

pub const Form: MediaType

Media Type for forms: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

pub const JavaScript: MediaType

Media Type for JavaScript: application/javascript.

pub const CSS: MediaType

Media Type for CSS: text/css; charset=utf-8.

pub const FormData: MediaType

Media Type for multipart form data: multipart/form-data.

pub const XML: MediaType

Media Type for XML: text/xml; charset=utf-8.

pub const CSV: MediaType

Media Type for CSV: text/csv; charset=utf-8.

pub const PNG: MediaType

Media Type for PNG: image/png.

pub const GIF: MediaType

Media Type for GIF: image/gif.

pub const BMP: MediaType

Media Type for BMP: image/bmp.

pub const JPEG: MediaType

Media Type for JPEG: image/jpeg.

pub const WEBP: MediaType

Media Type for WEBP: image/webp.

pub const AVIF: MediaType

Media Type for AVIF: image/avif.

pub const SVG: MediaType

Media Type for SVG: image/svg+xml.

pub const Icon: MediaType

Media Type for Icon: image/x-icon.

pub const WEBM: MediaType

Media Type for WEBM: video/webm.

pub const WEBA: MediaType

Media Type for WEBM Audio: audio/webm.

pub const OGG: MediaType

Media Type for OGG Video: video/ogg.

pub const FLAC: MediaType

Media Type for FLAC: audio/flac.

pub const WAV: MediaType

Media Type for WAV: audio/wav.

pub const PDF: MediaType

Media Type for PDF: application/pdf.

pub const TTF: MediaType

Media Type for TTF: application/font-sfnt.

pub const OTF: MediaType

Media Type for OTF: application/font-sfnt.

pub const WOFF: MediaType

Media Type for WOFF: application/font-woff.

pub const WOFF2: MediaType

Media Type for WOFF2: font/woff2.

pub const JsonApi: MediaType

Media Type for JSON API: application/vnd.api+json.

pub const WASM: MediaType

Media Type for WASM: application/wasm.

pub const TIFF: MediaType

Media Type for TIFF: image/tiff.

pub const AAC: MediaType

Media Type for AAC Audio: audio/aac.

pub const Calendar: MediaType

Media Type for iCalendar: text/calendar.

pub const MPEG: MediaType

Media Type for MPEG Video: video/mpeg.

pub const TAR: MediaType

Media Type for tape archive: application/x-tar.

pub const GZIP: MediaType

Media Type for gzipped binary: application/gzip.

pub const MOV: MediaType

Media Type for quicktime video: video/quicktime.

pub const MP4: MediaType

Media Type for MPEG4 Video: video/mp4.

pub const ZIP: MediaType

Media Type for ZIP archive: application/zip.

pub const EventStream: MediaType

Media Type for SSE stream: text/event-stream.

pub fn is_known(&self) -> bool

Returns true if this MediaType is known to Rocket. In other words, returns true if there is an associated constant for self.

pub fn is_any(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Any .

pub fn is_binary(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Binary .

pub fn is_bytes(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Bytes .

pub fn is_html(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::HTML .

pub fn is_plain(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Plain .

pub fn is_text(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Text .

pub fn is_json(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::JSON .

pub fn is_msgpack(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::MsgPack .

pub fn is_form(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Form .

pub fn is_javascript(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::JavaScript .

pub fn is_css(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::CSS .

pub fn is_form_data(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::FormData .

pub fn is_xml(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::XML .

pub fn is_csv(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::CSV .

pub fn is_png(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::PNG .

pub fn is_gif(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::GIF .

pub fn is_bmp(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::BMP .

pub fn is_jpeg(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::JPEG .

pub fn is_webp(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WEBP .

pub fn is_avif(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::AVIF .

pub fn is_svg(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::SVG .

pub fn is_icon(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Icon .

pub fn is_webm(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WEBM .

pub fn is_weba(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WEBA .

pub fn is_ogg(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::OGG .

pub fn is_flac(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::FLAC .

pub fn is_wav(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WAV .

pub fn is_pdf(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::PDF .

pub fn is_ttf(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::TTF .

pub fn is_otf(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::OTF .

pub fn is_woff(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WOFF .

pub fn is_woff2(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WOFF2 .

pub fn is_json_api(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::JsonApi .

pub fn is_wasm(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::WASM .

pub fn is_tiff(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::TIFF .

pub fn is_aac(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::AAC .

pub fn is_ical(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::Calendar .

pub fn is_mpeg(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::MPEG .

pub fn is_tar(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::TAR .

pub fn is_gzip(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::GZIP .

pub fn is_mov(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::MOV .

pub fn is_mp4(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::MP4 .

pub fn is_zip(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::ZIP .

pub fn is_event_stream(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the top-level and sublevel types of self are the same as those of MediaType::EventStream .

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for MediaType

pub fn clone(&self) -> MediaType

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for MediaType

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Display for MediaType

pub fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl From<MediaType> for ContentType

pub fn from(media_type: MediaType) -> ContentType

Performs the conversion.

impl From<MediaType> for QMediaType

pub fn from(media_type: MediaType) -> QMediaType

Performs the conversion.

impl FromStr for MediaType

type Err = String

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

pub fn from_str(raw: &str) -> Result<MediaType, String>

Parses a string s to return a value of this type.

impl Hash for MediaType

pub fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl PartialEq<MediaType> for MediaType

pub fn eq(&self, other: &MediaType) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

#[must_use]

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.