rmut_session/

lib.rs

//! rmut's mail session: an open mailbox and the operations over it.
//!
//! Everything here works without a screen. A front end owns the menus,
//! the keys and the drawing, and drives a [`Session`] for the rest:
//! what is in the mailbox, what is selected, what a mark or a sync
//! did. Outcomes leave as [`Notice`]s through the sink the front end
//! installs, so an operation never has to know how it will be shown.

use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::io::Write as _;
use std::mem;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};

use anyhow::{Context, Result};
use rmut_core::config::{Account, Config};
use rmut_core::message::Envelope;
use rmut_core::notice::{Notice, NoticeSink};
use rmut_core::pattern::{self, Pattern};
use rmut_core::remote::{self, Remote};
use rmut_core::{alias, compose, hdrcache, maildir, mbox, message, pgp, smtp, thread};

mod ask;
mod commands;
mod drafts;
mod function;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
mod worker;

pub use ask::{Answer, Ask, AskKind, Key, PatternOp, Request, Wants};
pub use commands::CommandRun;
pub use function::{FrontOp, Function, Outcome, PageSpot, SidebarOp};
pub use worker::{Done, Facts, Imap, Job, Manage};

/// How many undo steps to keep, and how many message snapshots in
/// total: a pattern delete over a huge mailbox is one step but very
/// many marks, so both are bounded and the oldest steps go first.
const UNDO_MAX_STEPS: usize = 32;
const UNDO_MAX_MARKS: usize = 100_000;

pub struct Msg {
    pub env: message::Envelope,
    /// Flags changed since the last sync (rename pending).
    pub dirty: bool,
    /// mutt's purge-message: deleted without the detour through
    /// $trash. Meaningless unless deleted; undelete clears it.
    pub purge: bool,
}

impl Msg {
    pub fn pending(&self) -> bool {
        self.dirty || self.env.file.flags.deleted
    }
}

/// One message's state before a step touched it. The path is the
/// identity: it only changes when the mailbox is written, and a write
/// drops the whole stack.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct MsgMark {
    pub path: PathBuf,
    pub flags: maildir::Flags,
    pub is_new: bool,
    pub tagged: bool,
    pub dirty: bool,
}

/// One undoable step: what it was, the messages as they stood before
/// it, and where the cursor was.
pub struct UndoStep {
    pub what: String,
    pub marks: Vec<MsgMark>,
    /// The message the cursor was on, by path: a resort or a limit
    /// can move it, so the position alone would not find it again.
    pub sel: Option<PathBuf>,
    /// Files the step created (a save or copy's delivered message),
    /// removed again when it is undone.
    pub created: Vec<PathBuf>,
    /// Something the undo cannot take back, said out loud when it
    /// runs (a copy that went to an IMAP folder).
    pub note: Option<String>,
    /// Messages the step rewrote on disk (break-thread, link-threads),
    /// with the bytes they held before, put back when it is undone.
    pub rewritten: Vec<(PathBuf, Vec<u8>)>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum SortKey {
    Date,
    From,
    Subject,
    Size,
    Threads,
    /// mutt's sort=label: by X-Label, unlabelled last.
    Label,
    /// mutt's sort=to: by the first To address.
    To,
    /// mutt's sort=mailbox-order: unsorted, the order on disk (by
    /// file name, which is stable across a rescan).
    Unsorted,
}

impl SortKey {
    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            SortKey::Date => "date",
            SortKey::From => "from",
            SortKey::Subject => "subject",
            SortKey::Size => "size",
            SortKey::Threads => "threads",
            SortKey::Label => "label",
            SortKey::To => "to",
            SortKey::Unsorted => "unsorted",
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ThreadOp {
    Delete,
    Undelete,
    Tag,
    /// mutt's read-thread / read-subthread.
    Read,
}

/// Whether a save target is a mailbox that already holds mail, for
/// mutt's $confirmappend. An `imap:` spec is one; a local path is one
/// when it looks like a maildir.
fn mailbox_exists(spec: &str) -> bool {
    match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
        Some(_) => true,
        None => expand_tilde(spec).join("cur").is_dir(),
    }
}

/// A compiled hook: the pattern its message must match, and what the
/// hook carries (an enter-command line, or an Fcc mailbox).
pub struct Hook {
    patterns: Vec<Pattern>,
    /// The command line to run, or the mailbox to file the copy in.
    pub value: String,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ComposeKind {
    New,
    Reply,
    GroupReply,
    /// mutt's list-reply: the mailing list is the only recipient.
    ListReply,
    Forward,
}

/// Snapshot of the message being replied to / forwarded, taken when the
/// compose flow starts.
pub struct ComposeBase {
    pub path: PathBuf,
    pub reply_to: String,
    /// The From header as written, the reply target when the
    /// Reply-To question is answered no.
    pub from_hdr: String,
    /// The message has a Reply-To differing from From, worth the
    /// mutt $reply_to (ask-yes) question.
    pub has_reply_to: bool,
    pub orig_to: String,
    pub orig_cc: String,
    /// List-Post's posting address, when the list published one.
    pub list_post: Option<String>,
    /// Mail-Followup-To as the sender wrote it, honored by a group
    /// reply (mutt does the same).
    pub followup_to: String,
    /// Bare author address, for the forward subject's %a.
    pub from_addr: String,
    pub from_display: String,
    pub subject: String,
    pub date: i64,
    pub msg_id: Option<String>,
    pub references: Vec<String>,
}

pub struct ComposeSetup {
    pub kind: ComposeKind,
    pub base: Option<ComposeBase>,
    pub to: Option<String>,
    /// mutt's $askcc / $askbcc, once answered.
    pub cc: Option<String>,
    pub bcc: Option<String>,
    /// What the Subject prompt will offer, worked out when To was
    /// answered and parked while the copies are asked about.
    pub subject_prefill: Option<String>,
    /// Parked here while the include-original question is up.
    pub subject: Option<String>,
    /// mime_forward = "ask": the question's answer, once given.
    pub fwd_attach: Option<bool>,
}

/// PGP treatment for an outgoing draft, chosen at the send prompt.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum Security {
    None,
    Sign,
    Encrypt,
    Both,
}

impl Security {
    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Security::None => "",
            Security::Sign => "sign",
            Security::Encrypt => "encrypt",
            Security::Both => "sign+encrypt",
        }
    }
}

/// A draft file going through editor → send/postpone/discard.
pub struct Compose {
    pub path: PathBuf,
    /// Postponed original to delete once the message is sent.
    pub recall_source: Option<PathBuf>,
    pub security: Security,
    /// Original message to attach as message/rfc822 (forward =
    /// "attach", mutt's mime_forward).
    pub attach: Option<PathBuf>,
    /// Header block withheld from the editor (edit_headers = false);
    /// draft_full puts it back for send/postpone/attachments.
    pub hidden_head: Option<String>,
    /// Fcc chosen in the compose menu (`f`): None = the default sent
    /// copy, Some("") = keep no copy, Some(path) = that maildir.
    pub fcc: Option<String>,
}

/// A message that has been sent but is waiting out $undo_send before
/// it goes anywhere. The finalized text is ready to transmit; the
/// draft it came from is kept whole, so cancelling puts the compose
/// menu back exactly as it was.
pub struct Held {
    pub state: Compose,
    pub text: String,
    /// The Fcc target as it was decided at send time (menu, then
    /// fcc-hook); None means the default sent copy.
    pub fcc: Option<String>,
    /// What the status line calls it: the subject, or the recipients.
    pub label: String,
    pub due: Instant,
}

/// An operation that has asked the connection for something and is
/// waiting to be carried on. The front end keeps drawing meanwhile,
/// and calls [`Session::poll_network`] until the answer lands.
/// How a message is marked for deletion: mutt's $flag_safe and
/// $delete_untag, read once per operation.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub struct DeleteRules {
    pub flag_safe: bool,
    pub untag: bool,
}

impl DeleteRules {
    /// Mark `m` deleted the way mutt_set_flag(MUTT_DELETE) does:
    /// refused for a flagged message under flag_safe, and the tag
    /// comes off under delete_untag. Whether the message changed.
    pub fn mark(self, m: &mut Msg) -> bool {
        if self.flag_safe && m.env.file.flags.flagged {
            return false;
        }
        m.env.file.flags.deleted = true;
        if self.untag {
            m.env.tagged = false;
        }
        true
    }
}

enum Pending {
    /// The poll tick's look at the server.
    CheckNew,
    /// A `$` sync: the server has taken the flag changes and the
    /// purge, and the local half follows.
    Sync { purge: bool },
    /// The bodies an operation needed are here: run it again, and
    /// this time it finds everything it wants on disk.
    Again(Again),
    /// The unread counts of these mailboxes, in this order.
    Counts(Vec<String>),
}

/// An operation that asked for message bodies before it could run.
/// It carries what it was told, since the front end has moved on.
#[derive(Clone)]
enum Again {
    /// Open the selected message.
    View,
    Copy {
        input: String,
        delete: bool,
        tagged: bool,
        decode: bool,
    },
    Pipe {
        command: String,
        tagged: bool,
    },
    Print {
        tagged: bool,
    },
    Bounce {
        to: String,
        tagged: bool,
    },
}

/// One open mailbox and everything rmut knows about it.
pub struct Session {
    /// The maildir on disk: the mailbox itself, or the cache mirror of
    /// an IMAP folder or an mbox file.
    pub dir: PathBuf,
    /// What this mailbox is called: the path for local maildirs, the
    /// `imap:account/folder` spec for remote ones.
    pub title: String,
    /// Set when `dir` is the cache maildir of an IMAP folder: the
    /// connection, on a thread of its own, and the facts about the
    /// folder that need no asking.
    imap: Option<Imap>,
    /// Set when `dir` mirrors an mbox file; sync writes back into it.
    pub mbox: Option<mbox::Mbox>,
    pub msgs: Vec<Msg>,
    /// Indices into `msgs` after applying limit and thread folding.
    pub visible: Vec<usize>,
    /// Selection, as an index into `visible`.
    pub sel: usize,
    pub sort: SortKey,
    pub sort_rev: bool,
    pub limit: Option<(String, Vec<Pattern>)>,
    pub last_search: Option<Vec<Pattern>>,
    /// Which way the last index search went, so `n` repeats in the
    /// same direction (mutt's search / search-reverse pair).
    pub search_rev: bool,
    /// Per-message thread depth/root (aligned with `msgs`; identity
    /// when not sorted by threads).
    pub thread_depth: Vec<usize>,
    pub thread_root: Vec<usize>,
    /// Which messages the subject fallback placed rather than their
    /// own References (mutt's fake_thread): the index stars them.
    pub thread_pseudo: Vec<bool>,
    /// The thread as a tree, from the depth-first layout: each
    /// message's parent and children, and every root's members. For
    /// the `~(`, `~<`, `~>` patterns, parent-message, and read-thread.
    pub thread_parent: Vec<Option<usize>>,
    pub thread_children: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
    pub thread_members: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
    /// Paths of collapsed thread roots.
    pub collapsed: HashSet<PathBuf>,
    /// Undo stack, oldest first: delete/flag/tag/read marks and the
    /// copies a save made, back to the state before each step.
    undo: Vec<UndoStep>,
    pub config: Config,
    /// My own addresses (identity, accounts, $EMAIL), lowercase; the
    /// exact half of `me()`, which adds `alternates` on top.
    pub my_addresses: Vec<String>,
    /// Compiled `mail.lists` + `mail.subscribed`, for `~l`, the `L`
    /// list-reply target, and Mail-Followup-To.
    pub lists: Vec<pattern::Matcher>,
    /// The subscribed half on its own: only it drops my address from
    /// a Mail-Followup-To.
    pub subscribed: Vec<pattern::Matcher>,
    /// Compiled `mail.alternates`: my other addresses, joined to `me`
    /// wherever rmut asks whether an address is mine.
    pub alternates: Vec<pattern::Matcher>,
    /// Server-side `~b` results: term -> matching UIDs, filled when a
    /// limit/search pattern with body terms is submitted on IMAP.
    body_hits: HashMap<String, HashSet<u32>>,
    /// Background IDLE watcher for the open IMAP folder.
    pub idle: Option<remote::IdleWatch>,
    /// Background header mirror for the tail of a huge IMAP folder.
    backfill: Option<remote::Backfill>,
    /// New-mail counts of the other configured mailboxes at the last
    /// poll, to notice growth (mutt's `mailboxes` awareness).
    mailbox_new: HashMap<String, usize>,
    /// mutt's error history: the last $error_history complaints, for
    /// the error-history screen.
    error_history: std::collections::VecDeque<String>,
    /// The mailboxes announced under $mail_check_recent = false, so
    /// each is said once while it holds new mail.
    mailbox_announced: HashSet<String>,
    /// Unread counts of the open account's folders, as of the last
    /// time the connection was free to count them.
    unseen: HashMap<String, usize>,
    /// `rmut -R`: nothing is ever written, not even read marks.
    pub read_only: bool,
    /// `-R`: the whole session is read-only, so a mailbox switch
    /// cannot quietly make it writable again. Alt+c sets `read_only`
    /// for one mailbox without touching this.
    pub read_only_session: bool,
    /// mtimes of new/ and cur/ used for new-mail detection.
    pub(crate) dir_mtimes: (Option<SystemTime>, Option<SystemTime>),
    /// Compiled hook tables (patterns plus the line or mailbox each
    /// carries). The front end still runs a hook's command line,
    /// because one can rebind a key; which hooks match a message is
    /// the session's answer to give.
    pub message_hooks: Vec<Hook>,
    pub reply_hooks: Vec<Hook>,
    fcc_hooks: Vec<Hook>,
    crypt_hooks: Vec<(pattern::Matcher, String)>,
    /// ignore/unignore/hdr_order and the [filters] table: how a
    /// message's parts turn into the text a reader sees.
    pub display: message::Display,
    /// Messages sent but still inside their $undo_send window, oldest
    /// first. They go out when the timer runs out or rmut leaves.
    outbox: Vec<Held>,
    /// Compiled $quote_regexp classifying quoted body lines: a pager
    /// colours by it, and the attachment reminder skips them.
    pub quote_re: regex_lite::Regex,
    /// Compiled $reply_regexp, for the subject a reply carries.
    pub reply_re: regex_lite::Regex,
    /// Compiled $abort_noattach_regex, for the attachment reminder.
    attach_re: regex_lite::Regex,
    /// The operation waiting for the connection to come back, if
    /// any: at most one, because there is one connection.
    pending: Option<Pending>,
    /// A user operation that wanted bodies while the poll tick held
    /// the connection. It goes next, ahead of anything the tick would
    /// start, without the front end blocking on the tick.
    deferred: Option<Again>,
    /// Whether the message line is showing a progress line, so it can
    /// be taken back down when the job it belongs to is done.
    progress_noted: bool,
    /// Set by Ctrl+G: the answer that comes back is the abort, not
    /// something to complain about.
    aborted: bool,
    /// What Enter means at the quit question, from $quit's ask-yes or
    /// ask-no.
    quit_default: bool,
    /// The compose flow in progress: what is being answered about
    /// the draft that has not been written yet.
    setup: Option<ComposeSetup>,
    /// The draft in hand: written, and being looked at. A front end
    /// shows it however it shows drafts; the session owns what it
    /// says.
    draft: Option<Compose>,
    /// The draft file as it was staged, for mutt's $abort_unmodified:
    /// if the first editor pass hands back exactly this, there is no
    /// message to send. Cleared as soon as it has been compared.
    staged: Option<(PathBuf, String)>,
    /// The attachment reminder has been answered for this draft: the
    /// next send goes through without asking again.
    attach_confirmed: bool,
    /// The config as it was before the active message-hooks changed
    /// it, so leaving the message puts every setting back.
    hook_base: Option<Box<Config>>,
    /// Which message-hooks are in force right now, by index; a change
    /// here is what triggers restore-and-reapply.
    active_message_hooks: Vec<usize>,
    /// What the session wants the front end to do, oldest first.
    requests: Vec<Request>,
    /// Where outcomes go. Nothing is kept until a front end installs
    /// a sink, so a session used as a library is silent by default.
    notices: Box<dyn NoticeSink>,
}

/// The sink a session starts with: nothing said, nothing kept.
struct Silence;

impl NoticeSink for Silence {
    fn notice(&mut self, _notice: Notice) {}

    fn latest(&self) -> Option<&Notice> {
        None
    }

    fn clear(&mut self) {}
}

impl Session {
    /// Open a maildir.
    ///
    /// Warnings come back rather than going out as notices: at this
    /// point no front end has installed a sink, and they are its to
    /// show together with whatever its own setup had to say.
    pub fn open(dir: &Path, config: Config) -> Result<(Session, Vec<String>)> {
        // The header cache spares re-parsing every message on open.
        let (envelopes, skipped) = hdrcache::load_envelopes(dir)?;
        let mut msgs: Vec<Msg> = envelopes
            .into_iter()
            .map(|env| Msg {
                env,
                dirty: false,
                purge: false,
            })
            .collect();
        // Mutt's default sort: date, oldest first.
        msgs.sort_by_key(|m| m.env.date);
        let visible: Vec<usize> = (0..msgs.len()).collect();
        // Like mutt: start on the first new message, else the last.
        let sel = msgs
            .iter()
            .position(|m| m.env.file.is_new)
            .unwrap_or(visible.len().saturating_sub(1));
        let mut warnings = Vec::new();
        if skipped > 0 {
            warnings.push(format!("{skipped} unreadable message(s) skipped"));
        }
        let count = msgs.len();
        let mut me: Vec<String> = config
            .identity
            .email
            .iter()
            .chain(config.accounts.iter().map(|a| &a.user))
            .chain(
                config
                    .accounts
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|a| a.identity.as_ref().and_then(|i| i.email.as_ref())),
            )
            .chain(config.identities.iter().filter_map(|r| r.email.as_ref()))
            .map(|a| a.to_lowercase())
            .collect();
        if let Ok(email) = std::env::var("EMAIL") {
            me.push(email.to_lowercase());
        }
        let mut session = Session {
            dir: dir.to_path_buf(),
            title: dir.display().to_string(),
            imap: None,
            mbox: None,
            msgs,
            visible,
            sel,
            sort: SortKey::Date,
            sort_rev: false,
            limit: None,
            last_search: None,
            search_rev: false,
            thread_depth: vec![0; count],
            thread_root: (0..count).collect(),
            thread_pseudo: vec![false; count],
            thread_parent: vec![None; count],
            thread_children: vec![Vec::new(); count],
            thread_members: (0..count).map(|i| vec![i]).collect(),
            collapsed: HashSet::new(),
            undo: Vec::new(),
            lists: config.list_matchers(),
            subscribed: config.subscribed_matchers(),
            alternates: config.alternate_matchers(),
            my_addresses: me,
            body_hits: HashMap::new(),
            idle: None,
            backfill: None,
            mailbox_new: HashMap::new(),
            error_history: std::collections::VecDeque::new(),
            mailbox_announced: HashSet::new(),
            unseen: HashMap::new(),
            read_only: false,
            read_only_session: false,
            dir_mtimes: dir_mtimes(dir),
            message_hooks: Vec::new(),
            reply_hooks: Vec::new(),
            fcc_hooks: Vec::new(),
            crypt_hooks: Vec::new(),
            display: display_from_config(&config),
            outbox: Vec::new(),
            quote_re: default_quote_re(),
            reply_re: compose::default_reply_regexp(),
            attach_re: default_attach_re(),
            config,
            pending: None,
            deferred: None,
            progress_noted: false,
            aborted: false,
            quit_default: true,
            setup: None,
            draft: None,
            staged: None,
            attach_confirmed: false,
            hook_base: None,
            active_message_hooks: Vec::new(),
            requests: Vec::new(),
            notices: Box::new(Silence),
        };
        session.apply_timeouts();
        let mut hook_warnings = Vec::new();
        session.quote_re = quote_re_from_config(&session.config, &mut hook_warnings);
        session.reply_re = reply_re_from_config(&session.config, &mut hook_warnings);
        session.attach_re = attach_re_from_config(&session.config, &mut hook_warnings);
        session.compile_hooks_from_config(&mut hook_warnings);
        hook_warnings.append(&mut warnings);
        let mut warnings = hook_warnings;
        if let Some(spec) = session.config.index.sort.clone() {
            match parse_sort(&spec) {
                Some((sort, rev)) => {
                    session.sort = sort;
                    session.sort_rev = rev;
                    session.resort(None);
                }
                None => warnings.push(format!("unknown sort {spec:?} in config")),
            }
        }
        Ok((session, warnings))
    }

    /// Open a mailbox by spec: an `imap:account[/folder]` string (the
    /// folder is mirrored into a cache maildir) or a local path.
    ///
    /// `progress` is how the front end shows slow network work; a
    /// library caller that has nothing to show passes a closure that
    /// throws the lines away.
    pub fn open_spec(
        spec: &str,
        config: Config,
        progress: remote::Progress,
    ) -> Result<(Session, Vec<String>)> {
        // Before the first connection, not after: an unreachable
        // server is exactly what the config's patience is for.
        rmut_core::net::set_timeouts(config.net.connect_timeout, config.net.timeout);
        rmut_core::net::set_trust(
            config.net.system_cas,
            config.net.certificate_file.as_deref().map(expand_tilde),
        );
        match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some((account_name, mailbox)) => {
                let account = config
                    .account(account_name)
                    .with_context(|| format!("no account {account_name} in config"))?
                    .clone();
                let password = account_password(&account)?;
                let remote = Remote::open(&account, mailbox, &password, progress)?;
                let cache = remote.cache.clone();
                let (mut session, warnings) = Session::open(&cache, config)?;
                session.title = remote.spec.clone();
                // IDLE on a second connection; NOOP polling stays as
                // the fallback when the server doesn't support it.
                session.idle = Some(remote::idle_watch(&account, &remote.mailbox, &password));
                session.imap = Some(Imap::new(remote));
                Ok((session, warnings))
            }
            None => {
                let path = expand_tilde(spec);
                if path.is_file() {
                    return Session::open_mbox(&path, config);
                }
                Session::open(&path, config)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Open an mbox file (e.g. /var/mail/$USER) through its cache
    /// mirror; `$` sync writes changes back into the file.
    pub fn open_mbox(path: &Path, config: Config) -> Result<(Session, Vec<String>)> {
        let mbox = mbox::Mbox::open(path)?;
        let cache = mbox.cache.clone();
        let (mut session, warnings) = Session::open(&cache, config)?;
        session.title = path.display().to_string();
        session.mbox = Some(mbox);
        Ok((session, warnings))
    }

    /// Recompile what the session derives from the config, after a
    /// command changed it.
    pub fn recompile(&mut self) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut warnings = Vec::new();
        self.apply_timeouts();
        self.display = display_from_config(&self.config);
        self.quote_re = quote_re_from_config(&self.config, &mut warnings);
        self.reply_re = reply_re_from_config(&self.config, &mut warnings);
        self.attach_re = attach_re_from_config(&self.config, &mut warnings);
        self.compile_hooks_from_config(&mut warnings);
        self.lists = self.config.list_matchers();
        self.subscribed = self.config.subscribed_matchers();
        self.alternates = self.config.alternate_matchers();
        warnings
    }

    /// Hand the network layer the config's patience. It is process
    /// wide, because the connections are made from threads that have
    /// an account but not a config.
    fn apply_timeouts(&self) {
        rmut_core::net::set_timeouts(self.config.net.connect_timeout, self.config.net.timeout);
        rmut_core::net::set_trust(
            self.config.net.system_cas,
            self.config
                .net
                .certificate_file
                .as_deref()
                .map(expand_tilde),
        );
    }

    /// The hook tables, compiled from the config; a bad pattern warns
    /// and drops rather than failing the whole table.
    fn compile_hooks_from_config(&mut self, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) {
        self.message_hooks = compile_hooks(
            "message-hook",
            self.config
                .message_hooks
                .iter()
                .map(|h| (&h.pattern, &h.command)),
            warnings,
        );
        self.reply_hooks = compile_hooks(
            "reply-hook",
            self.config
                .reply_hooks
                .iter()
                .map(|h| (&h.pattern, &h.command)),
            warnings,
        );
        self.fcc_hooks = compile_hooks(
            "fcc-hook",
            self.config
                .fcc_hooks
                .iter()
                .map(|h| (&h.pattern, &h.mailbox)),
            warnings,
        );
        self.crypt_hooks = self
            .config
            .crypt_hooks
            .iter()
            .map(|h| (pattern::Matcher::new(&h.address), h.key.clone()))
            .collect();
    }

    /// Open another mailbox in place: the same session, pointed
    /// somewhere else.
    ///
    /// The config, the `-R` flag and the notice sink stay; everything
    /// about the old mailbox goes. Another folder of the open account
    /// reuses the live connection (a SELECT) instead of a fresh
    /// connect and login; a dead session falls through to the full
    /// open. Warnings come back for the front end to show, as at
    /// startup.
    pub fn switch_to(&mut self, spec: &str, progress: remote::Progress) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        let reuse = match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some((account, mailbox))
                if self
                    .imap
                    .as_ref()
                    .is_some_and(|imap| imap.facts.account.name == account)
                    && self
                        .imap
                        .as_mut()
                        .is_some_and(|imap| imap.blocking(Job::Switch(mailbox.into())).is_ok()) =>
            {
                self.imap.take()
            }
            _ => None,
        };
        let config = self.config.clone();
        let (mut next, warnings) = match &reuse {
            Some(imap) => Session::open(&imap.facts.cache.clone(), config)?,
            None => Session::open_spec(spec, config, progress)?,
        };
        if let Some(imap) = reuse {
            next.title = imap.facts.spec.clone();
            // A second connection for IDLE, as the first open makes.
            if let Ok(password) = account_password(&imap.facts.account) {
                next.idle = Some(remote::idle_watch(
                    &imap.facts.account,
                    &imap.facts.mailbox,
                    &password,
                ));
            }
            next.imap = Some(imap);
        }
        // A -R session stays read-only whatever it opens; Alt+c sets
        // read_only for one mailbox and does not survive the switch.
        next.read_only_session = self.read_only_session;
        next.read_only = self.read_only_session;
        next.notices = mem::replace(&mut self.notices, Box::new(Silence));
        *self = next;
        Ok(warnings)
    }

    /// Hand the session the front end's notice sink. Until this is
    /// called nothing said is kept.
    pub fn install_notices(&mut self, sink: Box<dyn NoticeSink>) {
        self.notices = sink;
    }

    /// Forget the last notice: the front end has shown it, or the
    /// user has moved on.
    pub fn clear_notice(&mut self) {
        self.notices.clear();
    }

    pub fn new_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.msgs.iter().filter(|m| m.env.file.is_new).count()
    }

    pub fn deleted_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.msgs
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| m.env.file.flags.deleted)
            .count()
    }

    pub fn pending_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.msgs.iter().filter(|m| m.pending()).count()
    }

    /// Whether the thread rooted at `root` holds anything unread.
    fn thread_has_unread(&self, root: usize) -> bool {
        self.thread_root
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .filter(|&(_, &r)| r == root)
            .any(|(i, _)| !self.msgs[i].env.file.flags.seen)
    }

    /// The first unread message of a thread, by path, for the cursor
    /// to land on when it unfolds.
    fn first_unread_in_thread(&self, root: usize) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        self.thread_root
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .filter(|&(_, &r)| r == root)
            .map(|(i, _)| i)
            .find(|&i| !self.msgs[i].env.file.flags.seen)
            .map(|i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone())
    }

    /// (depth, hidden-count-if-collapsed-root) for the index display.
    pub fn thread_info(&self, mi: usize) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            return (0, None);
        }
        let depth = self.thread_depth.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(0);
        if depth == 0 && self.collapsed.contains(&self.msgs[mi].env.file.path) {
            let hidden = self
                .thread_root
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .filter(|&(j, &r)| r == mi && j != mi)
                .count();
            if hidden > 0 {
                return (0, Some(hidden));
            }
        }
        (depth, None)
    }

    pub fn select(&mut self, index: usize) {
        if self.visible.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        self.sel = index.min(self.visible.len() - 1);
    }

    pub fn cur_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Msg> {
        let i = self.visible.get(self.sel).copied()?;
        self.msgs.get_mut(i)
    }

    pub fn selected_path(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        self.visible
            .get(self.sel)
            .map(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone())
    }

    /// True (with a status note) when a mutating operation must be
    /// refused because of `rmut -R`.
    pub fn deny_readonly(&mut self) -> bool {
        if self.read_only {
            self.error("Mailbox is read-only.");
        }
        self.read_only
    }

    pub fn mark_read(&mut self) {
        if self.read_only {
            return;
        }
        if let Some(m) = self.cur_mut()
            && (m.env.file.is_new || !m.env.file.flags.seen)
        {
            m.env.file.is_new = false;
            m.env.file.flags.seen = true;
            m.dirty = true;
        }
    }

    /// What the pattern engine needs beyond one message: my addresses,
    /// the configured mailing lists, and the place in the list.
    pub fn scope(&self, position: pattern::Position) -> pattern::Scope<'_> {
        pattern::Scope {
            me: self.me(),
            lists: &self.lists,
            subscribed: &self.subscribed,
            position,
            thread: None,
        }
    }

    /// The scope with the message's place in its thread filled in, for
    /// the thread terms. Only a threaded index has threads; elsewhere
    /// `~(P)` reads as P and the rest are false, as documented.
    pub fn scope_at(&self, position: pattern::Position, mi: usize) -> pattern::Scope<'_> {
        let thread = (self.sort == SortKey::Threads && mi < self.msgs.len()).then(|| {
            let root = self.thread_root.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(mi);
            pattern::ThreadView {
                members: self.thread_members.get(root).map_or(&[][..], Vec::as_slice),
                parent: self.thread_parent.get(mi).copied().flatten(),
                children: self.thread_children.get(mi).map_or(&[][..], Vec::as_slice),
                collapsed: self.thread_depth.get(mi) == Some(&0)
                    && self.collapsed.contains(&self.msgs[mi].env.file.path),
                envs: self,
            }
        });
        pattern::Scope {
            thread,
            ..self.scope(position)
        }
    }

    /// Which addresses are mine: the identity ones plus `alternates`.
    pub fn me(&self) -> pattern::Me<'_> {
        pattern::Me::new(&self.my_addresses, &self.alternates)
    }

    /// Server-aware pattern match: `~b` terms resolved by UID SEARCH
    /// (when `resolve_body_terms` filled the sets) instead of local
    /// body reads, and the message's place in the list carried along
    /// for `~m` and `~=`.
    fn env_matches_at(
        &self,
        patterns: &[Pattern],
        env: &Envelope,
        pos: pattern::Position,
        mi: usize,
    ) -> bool {
        pattern::matches_in(
            patterns,
            env,
            self.scope_at(pos, mi),
            Some(&|env: &Envelope, m: &pattern::Matcher| {
                let set = self.body_hits.get(m.raw())?;
                let uid = remote::uid_of(&env.file.path)?;
                Some(set.contains(&uid))
            }),
        )
    }

    /// `~m` numbering and `~=` duplicate flags for every message, as
    /// the index stands right now: numbers are the ones on screen, so
    /// a range means what the user can actually see, and messages
    /// hidden by the current limit carry number 0 (never in range).
    fn positions(&self) -> Vec<pattern::Position> {
        let mut seen: HashMap<&str, usize> = HashMap::new();
        for m in &self.msgs {
            if let Some(id) = m.env.msg_id.as_deref() {
                *seen.entry(id).or_default() += 1;
            }
        }
        let mut numbers = vec![0usize; self.msgs.len()];
        for (n, &mi) in self.visible.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Some(slot) = numbers.get_mut(mi) {
                *slot = n + 1;
            }
        }
        let current = self
            .visible
            .get(self.sel)
            .and_then(|&mi| numbers.get(mi).copied())
            .unwrap_or(0);
        let last = self.visible.len();
        (0..self.msgs.len())
            .map(|i| pattern::Position {
                number: numbers[i],
                current,
                last,
                duplicate: self.msgs[i]
                    .env
                    .msg_id
                    .as_deref()
                    .is_some_and(|id| seen.get(id).copied().unwrap_or(0) > 1),
            })
            .collect()
    }

    /// On IMAP, ask the server about the pattern's `~b` terms up
    /// front. Only plain substrings go (regex or non-ASCII terms stay
    /// local; a server search is a literal match); a failed search
    /// just falls back to reading bodies locally.
    pub fn resolve_body_terms(&mut self, patterns: &[Pattern]) {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        if self.imap.is_none() {
            return;
        }
        for term in pattern::body_terms(patterns) {
            let simple = !term
                .chars()
                .any(|c| r".*+?[](){}|^$\".contains(c) || !c.is_ascii());
            if !simple || self.body_hits.contains_key(&term) {
                continue;
            }
            let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap else { return };
            if let Ok(Done::Uids(uids)) = imap.blocking(Job::SearchBody(term.clone())) {
                self.body_hits.insert(term, uids.into_iter().collect());
            }
        }
    }

    /// Re-read the maildir, keeping unsynced flag changes and deletion
    /// marks for messages that are still there.
    pub fn rescan(&mut self) {
        let Ok(files) = maildir::scan(&self.dir) else {
            return;
        };
        let keep = self.selected_path();
        let mut old: std::collections::HashMap<PathBuf, Msg> = self
            .msgs
            .drain(..)
            .map(|m| (m.env.file.path.clone(), m))
            .collect();
        let mut arrived = 0usize;
        let mut arrivals: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
        for file in files {
            match old.remove(&file.path) {
                Some(prev) if prev.pending() => self.msgs.push(prev),
                Some(mut prev) => {
                    // Take fresh on-disk flags, keep the parsed envelope.
                    prev.env.file = file;
                    self.msgs.push(prev);
                }
                None => {
                    if let Ok(env) = message::envelope(file) {
                        if env.file.is_new {
                            arrived += 1;
                            arrivals.push(env.file.path.clone());
                        }
                        self.msgs.push(Msg {
                            env,
                            dirty: false,
                            purge: false,
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        self.dir_mtimes = dir_mtimes(&self.dir);
        self.resort(keep.clone());
        // mutt's $uncollapse_new: a folded thread that just grew
        // unfolds, so the arrival is on screen and not a count.
        if self.sort == SortKey::Threads
            && self.config.index.uncollapse_new.unwrap_or(true)
            && !self.collapsed.is_empty()
        {
            let mut unfolded = false;
            for path in &arrivals {
                if let Some(mi) = self.msgs.iter().position(|m| &m.env.file.path == path) {
                    let root = self.thread_root.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(mi);
                    unfolded |= self.collapsed.remove(&self.msgs[root].env.file.path);
                }
            }
            if unfolded {
                self.rebuild_visible(keep);
            }
        }
        if arrived > 0 {
            let title = self.title.clone();
            self.notify(Notice::NewMail(format!("new mail in {title} (+{arrived})")));
            self.run_new_mail_command(&title, arrived);
        }
    }

    /// neomutt's new_mail_command: fire-and-forget shell hook on
    /// arrivals; %f = the mailbox, %n = how many.
    fn run_new_mail_command(&self, mailbox: &str, count: usize) {
        let Some(cmd) = &self.config.mail.new_mail_command else {
            return;
        };
        let cmd = cmd
            .replace("%f", &format!("'{}'", mailbox.replace('\'', r"'\''")))
            .replace("%n", &count.to_string());
        let _ = Command::new("sh")
            .arg("-c")
            .arg(cmd)
            .stdout(Stdio::null())
            .stderr(Stdio::null())
            .spawn();
    }

    /// Look for new mail: the server first, then the mbox file, the
    /// other configured mailboxes, and this one's own maildir.
    ///
    /// The server's part goes off to the connection's thread and the
    /// rest follows when it answers, so a poll tick never stops the
    /// screen. Everything local happens straight away.
    pub fn check_new_mail(&mut self) {
        // The tick never waits for the connection: whatever is in
        // flight is a user's, and the next tick is soon enough.
        if self.pending.is_some() {
            return;
        }
        let backfilling = self.backfill.as_ref().is_some_and(|b| !b.done());
        // While the backfill streams headers in, skip the server
        // check, since a full reconcile would refetch its tail
        // synchronously; the rescan below integrates the files.
        if !backfilling && self.start(Job::CheckNew, Pending::CheckNew) {
            return;
        }
        self.check_local_mail();
    }

    /// The half that needs no server: the mbox mirror, the other
    /// mailboxes' counts, and this mailbox's own rescan.
    fn check_local_mail(&mut self) {
        self.maybe_backfill();
        if let Some(mbox) = &mut self.mbox {
            // Re-mirror when the file changed; same rescan pickup.
            if let Err(err) = mbox.refresh() {
                self.error(format!("mbox: {err:#}"));
            }
        }
        self.check_other_mailboxes();
        // The counts moved: whatever shows them wants redrawing.
        self.requests.push(Request::MailboxesChanged);
        // mutt's $check_new: off, a local maildir is not rescanned
        // while open; what the server says still lands (IMAP is
        // unaffected, as in mutt).
        let check_new = self.config.mail.check_new.unwrap_or(true) || self.imap.is_some();
        if check_new && dir_mtimes(&self.dir) != self.dir_mtimes {
            self.rescan();
        }
        // The server's own counts follow when it gets round to them,
        // unless a user operation is waiting its turn: that goes first.
        if self.deferred.is_none() {
            self.refresh_unseen();
        }
    }

    /// Collect whatever the connection has finished, and carry on the
    /// operation that was waiting for it. A front end calls this every
    /// time round its loop; it costs nothing when nothing is running.
    pub fn poll_network(&mut self) {
        if let Some(line) = self.imap.as_mut().and_then(Imap::take_progress) {
            // After an abort the line is stale news, and picking it
            // up would take the abort's own note off the screen.
            if !self.aborted {
                self.note(format!("{line} (Ctrl+G aborts)"));
                self.progress_noted = true;
            }
        }
        let Some(done) = self.imap.as_mut().and_then(Imap::collect) else {
            return;
        };
        // The progress line has served its purpose; whatever the
        // operation has to say goes in its place.
        if mem::take(&mut self.progress_noted) {
            self.clear_notice();
        }
        if let Some(pending) = self.pending.take() {
            self.resume(pending, done);
        }
        // The connection is free: the operation that stood aside for
        // the tick gets it now.
        if self.pending.is_none()
            && let Some(again) = self.deferred.take()
        {
            self.run_again(again);
        }
    }

    /// What the connection is doing, for a front end that says so.
    pub fn busy(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
        self.imap.as_ref().and_then(Imap::busy)
    }

    /// mutt's Ctrl+G: give up on whatever the connection is doing.
    /// The operation waiting for it says it was aborted; the next one
    /// gets a fresh connection.
    pub fn abort_network(&mut self) {
        let Some(what) = self.busy() else {
            return;
        };
        if let Some(imap) = &self.imap {
            imap.abort();
        }
        self.note(format!("aborted: {what}"));
        // Giving up covers what was queued behind it too.
        self.deferred = None;
        // This note replaces the progress line rather than following
        // it, so it must not be swept away when the answer lands.
        self.progress_noted = false;
        self.aborted = true;
    }

    /// Send a job off with the operation waiting for it. False when
    /// there is no connection to send it to, and the caller carries
    /// on by itself.
    fn start(&mut self, job: Job, pending: Pending) -> bool {
        let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap else {
            return false;
        };
        let what = job.what();
        match imap.start(job) {
            Ok(()) => {
                // Say what is happening before the connection has
                // anything of its own to report, so a slow server
                // never looks like a hung one.
                self.note(format!("{what}... (Ctrl+G aborts)"));
                self.progress_noted = true;
                self.pending = Some(pending);
                true
            }
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("imap: {err:#}"));
                false
            }
        }
    }

    /// Wait for whatever is in flight and carry it on, so the next
    /// job starts with the connection to itself.
    fn settle(&mut self) {
        while let Some(pending) = self.pending.take() {
            let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap else { break };
            let done = imap.wait();
            if mem::take(&mut self.progress_noted) {
                self.clear_notice();
            }
            self.resume(pending, done);
        }
    }

    fn resume(&mut self, pending: Pending, done: Result<Done>) {
        if mem::take(&mut self.aborted) && done.is_err() {
            // The error is the abort the user asked for; the note
            // about it is already on the message line.
            return;
        }
        match pending {
            Pending::CheckNew => {
                if let Err(err) = done {
                    self.error(format!("imap: {err:#}"));
                }
                self.check_local_mail();
            }
            Pending::Sync { purge } => match done {
                // Nothing applied locally: everything stays pending.
                Err(err) => self.error(format!("sync failed: {err:#}")),
                Ok(_) => self.finish_sync(purge),
            },
            Pending::Counts(specs) => {
                if let Ok(Done::Counts(counts)) = done {
                    for (spec, count) in specs.into_iter().zip(counts) {
                        self.unseen.insert(spec, count);
                    }
                    self.requests.push(Request::MailboxesChanged);
                }
            }
            Pending::Again(again) => match done {
                Err(err) => self.error(format!("cannot fetch message: {err:#}")),
                Ok(_) => self.run_again(again),
            },
        }
    }

    /// The operation whose bodies have arrived, run again. Nothing is
    /// partial now, so it goes straight through.
    fn run_again(&mut self, again: Again) {
        match again {
            Again::View => self.open_message(),
            Again::Copy {
                input,
                delete,
                tagged,
                decode,
            } => self.copy_message(&input, delete, tagged, decode),
            Again::Pipe { command, tagged } => self.pipe_message(&command, tagged),
            Again::Print { tagged } => self.print_current(tagged),
            Again::Bounce { to, tagged } => self.bounce_current(&to, tagged),
        }
    }

    /// The bodies these messages need, here before the operation runs.
    ///
    /// A cached IMAP message starts as headers only, so anything that
    /// reads one has to ask the server first. True when everything is
    /// on disk and the caller can carry on; false when the fetch went
    /// off, and the operation will be run again when it lands.
    fn have_bodies(&mut self, paths: &[PathBuf], again: Again) -> bool {
        if self.imap.is_none() {
            return true;
        }
        let missing: Vec<PathBuf> = paths
            .iter()
            .filter(|path| remote::is_partial(path))
            .cloned()
            .collect();
        if missing.is_empty() {
            return true;
        }
        // The poll tick has the connection: wait for it in
        // poll_network rather than here, so the front end keeps
        // drawing and reading keys meanwhile.
        if self.pending.is_some() {
            self.deferred = Some(again);
            return false;
        }
        !self.start(Job::FetchBodies(missing), Pending::Again(again))
    }

    /// The paths an operation is about, for the fetch that comes
    /// before it.
    fn target_paths(&self, tagged: bool) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
        self.op_targets(tagged)
            .into_iter()
            .map(|i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone())
            .collect()
    }

    /// Whether the open IMAP folder's IDLE watcher has seen a change
    /// since it was last asked.
    pub fn idle_kick(&self) -> bool {
        self.idle.as_ref().is_some_and(|w| w.take_changed())
    }

    /// Watch the other configured local mailboxes for growth in their
    /// new/ (mutt's `mailboxes`); the first poll only sets a baseline.
    fn check_other_mailboxes(&mut self) {
        let mut grew: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        for spec in self.config.mail.mailboxes.clone() {
            if spec.starts_with("imap:") || spec == self.title {
                continue; // other accounts are not worth a connection
            }
            let dir = expand_tilde(&spec);
            if dir == self.dir || !dir.join("new").is_dir() {
                continue;
            }
            let count = maildir::new_count(&dir);
            let prev = self.mailbox_new.insert(spec.clone(), count);
            if let Some(p) = prev.filter(|&p| count > p) {
                self.run_new_mail_command(&spec, count - p);
                grew.push(spec);
            } else if !self.config.mail.mail_check_recent.unwrap_or(true) {
                // mutt's $mail_check_recent unset: a mailbox holding
                // new mail is announced whether or not it grew, once,
                // until it has been emptied.
                if count == 0 {
                    self.mailbox_announced.remove(&spec);
                } else if self.mailbox_announced.insert(spec.clone()) {
                    grew.push(spec);
                }
            }
        }
        // The open mailbox's own announcement (from the rescan) wins.
        if !grew.is_empty() && self.notice().is_none() {
            self.notify(Notice::NewMail(format!("new mail in {}", grew.join(", "))));
        }
    }

    /// Spawn (or finish) the background mirror for a huge folder's
    /// leftover headers; the poll rescan integrates them as they land.
    pub fn maybe_backfill(&mut self) {
        if self.backfill.as_ref().is_some_and(|b| !b.done()) {
            return;
        }
        self.backfill = None;
        let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap else {
            return;
        };
        if imap.facts.pending_backfill.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let uids = imap.take_backfill();
        let facts = imap.facts.clone();
        let Ok(password) = account_password(&facts.account) else {
            return;
        };
        let count = uids.len();
        self.backfill = Some(remote::backfill(
            &facts.account,
            &facts.mailbox,
            &password,
            facts.cache,
            uids,
        ));
        self.note(format!(
            "loading {count} older message(s) in the background"
        ));
    }

    /// Apply `f` to every tagged message, marking them dirty.
    /// mutt's error-history: what has gone wrong lately, oldest
    /// first. Empty when $error_history is 0.
    pub fn error_history(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.error_history.iter().cloned().collect()
    }

    /// mutt's next-unread-mailbox: the next configured mailbox after
    /// the open one that holds new mail (a local new/ with files, an
    /// IMAP folder with an unseen count), wrapping round. None when
    /// no mailbox has any, which mutt reports as an error.
    pub fn next_unread_mailbox(&self) -> Option<String> {
        let boxes = &self.config.mail.mailboxes;
        let start = boxes
            .iter()
            .position(|spec| *spec == self.title || expand_tilde(spec) == self.dir)
            .map(|i| i + 1)
            .unwrap_or(0);
        (0..boxes.len())
            .map(|k| &boxes[(start + k) % boxes.len()])
            .filter(|spec| **spec != self.title && expand_tilde(spec) != self.dir)
            .find(|spec| {
                if spec.starts_with("imap:") {
                    self.unseen.get(*spec).copied().unwrap_or(0) > 0
                } else {
                    maildir::new_count(&expand_tilde(spec)) > 0
                }
            })
            .cloned()
    }

    /// What a deletion has to respect: mutt's $flag_safe (a flagged
    /// message stays) and $delete_untag (the mark takes the tag off).
    pub fn delete_rules(&self) -> DeleteRules {
        DeleteRules {
            flag_safe: self.config.mail.flag_safe,
            untag: self.config.mail.delete_untag.unwrap_or(true),
        }
    }

    pub fn each_tagged(&mut self, what: &str, f: impl Fn(&mut Msg)) {
        let tagged: Vec<usize> = (0..self.msgs.len())
            .filter(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.tagged)
            .collect();
        self.push_undo(what, &tagged);
        for &i in &tagged {
            let m = &mut self.msgs[i];
            f(m);
            m.dirty = true;
        }
        self.note(format!("applied to {} tagged message(s)", tagged.len()));
    }

    /// The selected message's raw bytes, completing a header-only IMAP
    /// cache file first. Failures land in the status line.
    /// The messages an operation applies to: the tagged set when `;`
    /// asked for it, otherwise the one under the cursor. Tagged means
    /// tagged anywhere, limit or no limit, like the other tagged ops.
    /// What an operation applies to: the tagged set when `;` asked
    /// for it, otherwise the message under the cursor.
    pub fn op_targets(&self, tagged: bool) -> Vec<usize> {
        if tagged {
            return (0..self.msgs.len())
                .filter(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.tagged)
                .collect();
        }
        self.visible.get(self.sel).copied().into_iter().collect()
    }

    /// Remember `indices` as they stand, so `z` can put them back.
    /// Steps with nothing in them are not worth a slot.
    pub fn push_undo(&mut self, what: &str, indices: &[usize]) {
        if indices.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let marks = indices.iter().map(|&i| self.mark(i)).collect();
        self.push_undo_step(UndoStep {
            what: what.to_string(),
            marks,
            sel: self.selected_path(),
            created: Vec::new(),
            note: None,
            rewritten: Vec::new(),
        });
    }

    pub fn push_undo_step(&mut self, step: UndoStep) {
        self.undo.push(step);
        // Oldest first out, on either bound.
        while self.undo.len() > UNDO_MAX_STEPS
            || (self.undo.len() > 1
                && self.undo.iter().map(|s| s.marks.len()).sum::<usize>() > UNDO_MAX_MARKS)
        {
            self.undo.remove(0);
        }
    }

    pub fn mark(&self, i: usize) -> MsgMark {
        let m = &self.msgs[i];
        MsgMark {
            path: m.env.file.path.clone(),
            flags: m.env.file.flags,
            is_new: m.env.file.is_new,
            tagged: m.env.tagged,
            dirty: m.dirty,
        }
    }

    /// Walk back the last step: the marks it saved go back onto the
    /// messages that still carry those paths, and any file it created
    /// is removed. Writing the mailbox drops the stack, so a step here
    /// is always one that has not reached disk.
    /// Walk back the last step on the stack.
    pub fn undo_last(&mut self) {
        let Some(step) = self.undo.pop() else {
            self.note("nothing to undo");
            return;
        };
        let mut restored = 0usize;
        let mut rewrite_failed = Vec::new();
        let mut resort = false;
        for (path, bytes) in &step.rewritten {
            let at = self.msgs.iter().position(|m| &m.env.file.path == path);
            let put_back = std::fs::write(path, bytes)
                .map_err(|err| anyhow::anyhow!(err))
                .and_then(|()| match at {
                    Some(i) => self.reread(i, bytes.len() as u64),
                    None => Ok(()),
                });
            match put_back {
                Ok(()) => resort = true,
                Err(err) => rewrite_failed.push(format!("{}: {err}", path.display())),
            }
        }
        if resort {
            let keep = step.sel.clone();
            self.resort(keep);
        }
        let by_path: HashMap<&Path, usize> = self
            .msgs
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, m)| (m.env.file.path.as_path(), i))
            .collect();
        let mut wanted: Vec<(usize, MsgMark)> = Vec::new();
        for mark in &step.marks {
            if let Some(&i) = by_path.get(mark.path.as_path()) {
                wanted.push((i, mark.clone()));
            }
        }
        for (i, mark) in wanted {
            let m = &mut self.msgs[i];
            m.env.file.flags = mark.flags;
            m.env.file.is_new = mark.is_new;
            m.env.tagged = mark.tagged;
            m.dirty = mark.dirty;
            restored += 1;
        }
        let mut failed = rewrite_failed;
        for path in &step.created {
            if let Err(err) = std::fs::remove_file(path) {
                failed.push(format!("{}: {err}", path.display()));
            }
        }
        if let Some(vi) = step.sel.and_then(|p| {
            self.visible
                .iter()
                .position(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path == p)
        }) {
            self.sel = vi;
        }
        let mut note = format!("undone: {} ({restored} message(s))", step.what);
        if let Some(extra) = &step.note {
            note += &format!("; {extra}");
        }
        if !failed.is_empty() {
            self.error(format!("{note}; could not remove {}", failed.join("; ")));
        } else {
            self.note(note);
        }
    }

    /// The raw message on disk, fetched first when the IMAP cache
    /// holds headers only.
    pub fn message_bytes(&mut self, i: usize) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        let path = self.msgs.get(i)?.env.file.path.clone();
        if remote::is_partial(&path)
            && let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap
            && let Err(err) = imap.blocking(Job::FetchBodies(vec![path.clone()]))
        {
            self.error(format!("cannot fetch message: {err:#}"));
            return None;
        }
        match std::fs::read(&path) {
            Ok(bytes) => Some(bytes),
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("cannot read message: {err}"));
                None
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn full_message_bytes(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        let &i = self.visible.get(self.sel)?;
        self.message_bytes(i)
    }

    /// Every message the operation applies to, back to back.
    pub fn op_bytes(&mut self, tagged: bool) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
        let mut out = Vec::new();
        for i in self.op_targets(tagged) {
            let bytes = self.message_bytes(i)?;
            out.extend_from_slice(&bytes);
            if !bytes.ends_with(b"\n") {
                out.push(b'\n');
            }
        }
        Some(out)
    }

    /// Rebuild `visible` from the limit and collapsed threads, keeping
    /// the selection on the message at `keep` when still visible.
    pub fn rebuild_visible(&mut self, keep: Option<PathBuf>) {
        let mut visible = Vec::with_capacity(self.msgs.len());
        let positions = self.positions();
        for (i, pos) in positions.iter().enumerate() {
            let limit_ok = match &self.limit {
                Some((_, patterns)) => self.env_matches_at(patterns, &self.msgs[i].env, *pos, i),
                None => true,
            };
            if !limit_ok {
                continue;
            }
            if self.limit.is_none()
                && self.sort == SortKey::Threads
                && self.thread_depth.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0) > 0
            {
                let root = self.thread_root.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(i);
                if self.collapsed.contains(&self.msgs[root].env.file.path) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            visible.push(i);
        }
        self.visible = visible;
        self.sel = keep
            .and_then(|p| {
                self.visible
                    .iter()
                    .position(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path == p)
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.visible.len().saturating_sub(1));
    }

    pub fn apply_sort(&mut self) {
        let keep = self.selected_path();
        self.resort(keep);
    }

    fn resort(&mut self, keep: Option<PathBuf>) {
        if self.sort == SortKey::Threads {
            // mutt's $sort_aux: which end of a thread decides where
            // it sits, and which way round the threads go.
            let order = self
                .config
                .index
                .sort_aux
                .as_deref()
                .map(thread::ThreadOrder::parse)
                .unwrap_or_default();
            // mutt's $strict_threads / $sort_re: unless told otherwise,
            // a root whose subject repeats one already here joins it,
            // which is the only thing that threads mail sent without
            // References at all.
            let items = {
                let fallback = (!self.config.index.strict_threads.unwrap_or(false)).then(|| {
                    thread::SubjectFallback {
                        reply_re: &self.reply_re,
                        sort_re: self.config.index.sort_re.unwrap_or(true),
                    }
                });
                let envs: Vec<&Envelope> = self.msgs.iter().map(|m| &m.env).collect();
                thread::thread_with(&envs, order, fallback.as_ref())
            };
            let mut old: Vec<Option<Msg>> = self.msgs.drain(..).map(Some).collect();
            let mut new_pos = vec![0usize; old.len()];
            for (pos, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
                new_pos[item.index] = pos;
            }
            self.msgs = items
                .iter()
                .map(|item| {
                    old[item.index]
                        .take()
                        .expect("thread order is a permutation")
                })
                .collect();
            self.thread_depth = items.iter().map(|item| item.depth).collect();
            self.thread_root = items.iter().map(|item| new_pos[item.root]).collect();
            self.thread_pseudo = items.iter().map(|item| item.pseudo).collect();
            self.sort_rev = false;
            self.index_threads();
        } else {
            let (sort, rev) = (self.sort, self.sort_rev);
            self.msgs.sort_by(|a, b| {
                let ord = match sort {
                    SortKey::Date => a.env.date.cmp(&b.env.date),
                    SortKey::From => a.env.from.to_lowercase().cmp(&b.env.from.to_lowercase()),
                    SortKey::Subject => {
                        subject_key(&a.env.subject).cmp(&subject_key(&b.env.subject))
                    }
                    SortKey::Size => a.env.file.size.cmp(&b.env.file.size),
                    SortKey::Label => {
                        // Unlabelled sorts last, as mutt has it.
                        let key = |e: &Envelope| {
                            let l = e.label.clone().unwrap_or_default().to_lowercase();
                            (l.is_empty(), l)
                        };
                        key(&a.env).cmp(&key(&b.env))
                    }
                    SortKey::To => {
                        let first_to =
                            |e: &Envelope| e.to.first().cloned().unwrap_or_default().to_lowercase();
                        first_to(&a.env).cmp(&first_to(&b.env))
                    }
                    SortKey::Unsorted => a
                        .env
                        .file
                        .path
                        .file_name()
                        .cmp(&b.env.file.path.file_name()),
                    SortKey::Threads => unreachable!(),
                };
                if rev { ord.reverse() } else { ord }
            });
            self.thread_depth = vec![0; self.msgs.len()];
            self.thread_root = (0..self.msgs.len()).collect();
            self.thread_pseudo = vec![false; self.msgs.len()];
            self.index_threads();
        }
        self.rebuild_visible(keep);
    }

    /// Parent, children and members from the depth-first layout: a
    /// message's parent is the last one before it a level up.
    fn index_threads(&mut self) {
        let n = self.msgs.len();
        let mut parent = vec![None; n];
        let mut children = vec![Vec::new(); n];
        let mut members: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); n];
        let mut last_at_depth: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
        #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
        for i in 0..n {
            let depth = self.thread_depth.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0);
            last_at_depth.truncate(depth);
            if let Some(&p) = last_at_depth.last() {
                parent[i] = Some(p);
                children[p].push(i);
            }
            last_at_depth.push(i);
            let root = self.thread_root.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(i);
            members[root].push(i);
        }
        self.thread_parent = parent;
        self.thread_children = children;
        self.thread_members = members;
    }

    pub fn toggle_collapse(&mut self, all: bool) {
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            self.error("folding needs thread sort (o t)");
            return;
        }
        let mut keep;
        if all {
            keep = self.selected_path();
            if self.collapsed.is_empty() {
                // mutt's $collapse_unread: a thread holding unread
                // mail can be left open when everything else folds.
                let fold_unread = self.config.index.collapse_unread.unwrap_or(true);
                self.collapsed = (0..self.msgs.len())
                    .filter(|&i| self.thread_depth.get(i) == Some(&0))
                    .filter(|&i| fold_unread || !self.thread_has_unread(i))
                    .map(|i| self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone())
                    .collect();
            } else {
                self.collapsed.clear();
            }
        } else {
            let Some(&mi) = self.visible.get(self.sel) else {
                return;
            };
            let root = self.thread_root.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(mi);
            let path = self.msgs[root].env.file.path.clone();
            let unfolding = self.collapsed.remove(&path);
            if !unfolding {
                self.collapsed.insert(path.clone());
            }
            keep = Some(path);
            // mutt's $uncollapse_jump: land on what has not been read.
            if unfolding && self.config.index.uncollapse_jump {
                keep = self.first_unread_in_thread(root).or(keep);
            }
        }
        self.rebuild_visible(keep);
    }

    /// The next/previous visible position from the selection; mutt's
    /// next-/previous-undeleted skips messages flagged for deletion.
    pub fn step_message(&self, forward: bool, skip_deleted: bool) -> Option<usize> {
        let mut pos = self.sel;
        loop {
            pos = if forward {
                pos + 1
            } else {
                pos.checked_sub(1)?
            };
            let &i = self.visible.get(pos)?;
            if !skip_deleted || !self.msgs[i].env.file.flags.deleted {
                return Some(pos);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Tab / Alt+Tab: jump to the next (previous) new-or-unread
    /// message, wrapping around with a note (mutt's
    /// next-new-then-unread).
    /// The messages a thread operation applies to: the selected
    /// message's whole thread, or (with `sub`) the selected message
    /// and its replies. None when the index is not thread-sorted,
    /// which is also when mutt refuses.
    fn thread_targets(&mut self, sub: bool) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            self.error("thread operations need thread sort (o t)");
            return None;
        }
        let &mi = self.visible.get(self.sel)?;
        if !sub {
            let root = self.thread_root.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(mi);
            return Some(
                (0..self.msgs.len())
                    .filter(|&i| self.thread_root.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(i) == root)
                    .collect(),
            );
        }
        // Thread sort lays the messages out depth-first, so a
        // message's replies are the run after it that stays deeper.
        let depth = self.thread_depth.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(0);
        let mut out = vec![mi];
        for i in (mi + 1)..self.msgs.len() {
            if self.thread_depth.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0) <= depth {
                break;
            }
            out.push(i);
        }
        Some(out)
    }

    /// mutt's delete-thread / undelete-thread / tag-thread and their
    /// subthread halves: one keystroke, one undo step, however many
    /// messages hang off it.
    pub fn thread_mark(&mut self, sub: bool, op: ThreadOp) {
        if op != ThreadOp::Tag && self.deny_readonly() {
            return;
        }
        let Some(&mi) = self.visible.get(self.sel) else {
            return;
        };
        let Some(targets) = self.thread_targets(sub) else {
            return;
        };
        let scope = if sub { "subthread" } else { "thread" };
        let (what, verb) = match op {
            ThreadOp::Delete => (format!("delete {scope}"), "deleted"),
            ThreadOp::Undelete => (format!("undelete {scope}"), "undeleted"),
            ThreadOp::Read => (format!("read {scope}"), "marked read"),
            // mutt's tag-thread follows the message under the cursor:
            // the whole thread takes the opposite of its tag.
            ThreadOp::Tag if self.msgs[mi].env.tagged => (format!("untag {scope}"), "untagged"),
            ThreadOp::Tag => (format!("tag {scope}"), "tagged"),
        };
        self.push_undo(&what, &targets);
        let want_tag = !self.msgs[mi].env.tagged;
        let rules = self.delete_rules();
        for &i in &targets {
            match op {
                ThreadOp::Delete => {
                    if rules.mark(&mut self.msgs[i]) {
                        self.msgs[i].dirty = true;
                    }
                }
                ThreadOp::Undelete => {
                    self.msgs[i].env.file.flags.deleted = false;
                    self.msgs[i].dirty = true;
                }
                ThreadOp::Tag => self.msgs[i].env.tagged = want_tag,
                ThreadOp::Read => {
                    let m = &mut self.msgs[i];
                    if !m.env.file.flags.seen || m.env.file.is_new {
                        m.env.file.flags.seen = true;
                        m.env.file.is_new = false;
                        m.dirty = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        self.note(format!("{} {verb}", targets.len()));
        // mutt's $resolve, which is what makes deleting thread after
        // thread one repeated key; a rescue stays where it is.
        if op == ThreadOp::Delete
            && let Some(pos) = self.step_message(true, true)
        {
            self.sel = pos;
        }
    }

    /// mutt's parent-message / root-message. A parent folded away
    /// under its root is reached as the root, which is what is on
    /// screen.
    pub fn jump_parent(&mut self, root: bool) {
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            self.error("thread operations need thread sort (o t)");
            return;
        }
        let Some(&mi) = self.visible.get(self.sel) else {
            return;
        };
        let target = if root {
            self.thread_root.get(mi).copied().filter(|&r| r != mi)
        } else {
            self.thread_parent.get(mi).copied().flatten()
        };
        let Some(target) = target else {
            self.error(if root {
                "already the thread root"
            } else {
                "no parent message"
            });
            return;
        };
        let tr = self.thread_root.get(target).copied().unwrap_or(target);
        let at = self
            .visible
            .iter()
            .position(|&i| i == target)
            .or_else(|| self.visible.iter().position(|&i| i == tr));
        match at {
            Some(vi) => self.select(vi),
            None => self.error("the parent is not in the current limit"),
        }
    }

    /// Whether the selected message can have its threading headers
    /// rewritten: a threaded index, a mailbox that is written in
    /// place. IMAP and mbox keep the real message elsewhere, so the
    /// local copy is not the one to edit.
    fn can_rewrite(&mut self) -> bool {
        if self.deny_readonly() {
            return false;
        }
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            self.error("thread operations need thread sort (o t)");
            return false;
        }
        if self.imap.is_some() || self.mbox.is_some() {
            self.error("rewriting a message's threading is for local maildirs only");
            return false;
        }
        true
    }

    /// Write the message back with these threading headers, and read
    /// it again so the index sees the change. `broken` leaves
    /// rmut's break marker on the message, so the subject grouping
    /// keeps its hands off it. Returns the bytes it held before, for
    /// the undo.
    fn rewrite_thread(
        &mut self,
        i: usize,
        in_reply_to: Option<&str>,
        references: &[String],
        broken: bool,
    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        let path = self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone();
        let old = std::fs::read(&path).with_context(|| format!("reading {}", path.display()))?;
        let new = message::with_thread_headers(&old, in_reply_to, references, broken);
        std::fs::write(&path, &new).with_context(|| format!("writing {}", path.display()))?;
        self.reread(i, new.len() as u64)?;
        Ok(old)
    }

    /// Parse the message on disk again, keeping what is not in the
    /// file (the tag).
    fn reread(&mut self, i: usize, size: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let mut file = self.msgs[i].env.file.clone();
        file.size = size;
        let tagged = self.msgs[i].env.tagged;
        let mut env = message::envelope(file)?;
        env.tagged = tagged;
        self.msgs[i].env = env;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// mutt's break-thread: the selected message forgets its
    /// In-Reply-To and References, so the subthread under it becomes
    /// a thread of its own. The message is rewritten on disk, as
    /// mutt's mutt_break_thread has it rewritten on sync.
    pub fn break_thread(&mut self) {
        let Some(&mi) = self.visible.get(self.sel) else {
            return;
        };
        if !self.can_rewrite() {
            return;
        }
        // Nothing to break only when nothing holds it: a message the
        // subject grouping placed carries no References either, and
        // `#` is how it is taken out of that thread.
        if self.msgs[mi].env.references.is_empty() && !self.subject_threaded(mi) {
            self.note("already a thread of its own");
            return;
        }
        let path = self.msgs[mi].env.file.path.clone();
        let mut step = UndoStep {
            what: "break thread".into(),
            marks: vec![self.mark(mi)],
            sel: Some(path.clone()),
            created: Vec::new(),
            note: None,
            rewritten: Vec::new(),
        };
        match self.rewrite_thread(mi, None, &[], true) {
            Ok(old) => {
                step.rewritten.push((path.clone(), old));
                self.push_undo_step(step);
                self.resort(Some(path));
                self.note("thread broken");
            }
            Err(err) => self.error(format!("break thread: {err:#}")),
        }
    }

    /// mutt's link-threads: the tagged messages become replies to the
    /// selected one. As in mutt's link_threads, each child's headers
    /// are replaced by an In-Reply-To naming the parent, and the
    /// child is untagged.
    pub fn link_threads(&mut self) {
        let Some(&mi) = self.visible.get(self.sel) else {
            return;
        };
        if !self.can_rewrite() {
            return;
        }
        let Some(parent_id) = self.msgs[mi].env.msg_id.clone() else {
            self.error("no Message-ID to link to");
            return;
        };
        let kids: Vec<usize> = (0..self.msgs.len())
            .filter(|&i| i != mi && self.msgs[i].env.tagged)
            .collect();
        if kids.is_empty() {
            self.error("first tag the message(s) to link");
            return;
        }
        let keep = self.msgs[mi].env.file.path.clone();
        let mut step = UndoStep {
            what: "link threads".into(),
            marks: kids.iter().map(|&i| self.mark(i)).collect(),
            sel: Some(keep.clone()),
            created: Vec::new(),
            note: None,
            rewritten: Vec::new(),
        };
        let mut linked = 0usize;
        for &i in &kids {
            let path = self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone();
            match self.rewrite_thread(i, Some(&parent_id), &[], false) {
                Ok(old) => {
                    step.rewritten.push((path, old));
                    self.msgs[i].env.tagged = false;
                    linked += 1;
                }
                Err(err) => self.error(format!("link threads: {err:#}")),
            }
        }
        if linked > 0 {
            self.push_undo_step(step);
            self.resort(Some(keep));
            self.note(format!("{linked} linked"));
        }
    }

    /// mutt's edit-label: write X-Label on every target, one undo
    /// step, and re-sort (sort=label, %y and ~y all read it). Local
    /// maildirs only, like the thread rewrites. An empty value clears
    /// the header.
    pub fn edit_label(&mut self, value: &str, tagged: bool) {
        if !self.can_rewrite_here() {
            return;
        }
        let targets = self.op_targets(tagged);
        if targets.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let value = value.trim();
        let new = (!value.is_empty()).then(|| value.to_string());
        let keep = self.selected_path();
        let mut step = UndoStep {
            what: "edit label".into(),
            marks: targets.iter().map(|&i| self.mark(i)).collect(),
            sel: keep.clone(),
            created: Vec::new(),
            note: None,
            rewritten: Vec::new(),
        };
        let mut done = 0usize;
        for &i in &targets {
            let path = self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone();
            let old = match std::fs::read(&path) {
                Ok(b) => b,
                Err(err) => {
                    self.error(format!("edit label: {err}"));
                    continue;
                }
            };
            let bytes = message::with_header(&old, "X-Label", new.as_deref());
            if let Err(err) = std::fs::write(&path, &bytes) {
                self.error(format!("edit label: {err}"));
                continue;
            }
            step.rewritten.push((path, old));
            let _ = self.reread(i, bytes.len() as u64);
            done += 1;
        }
        if done > 0 {
            self.push_undo_step(step);
            self.resort(keep);
            self.note(match new {
                Some(_) => format!("labelled {done} message(s)"),
                None => format!("label cleared on {done} message(s)"),
            });
        }
    }

    /// Like `can_rewrite`, but not tied to thread sort: edit-label
    /// works in any order.
    fn can_rewrite_here(&mut self) -> bool {
        if self.deny_readonly() {
            return false;
        }
        if self.imap.is_some() || self.mbox.is_some() {
            self.error("editing a label is for local maildirs only");
            return false;
        }
        true
    }

    /// True when the subject fallback, not a References chain, put
    /// this message under its parent: mutt draws a star in the tree
    /// where the arrow would be, and so does rmut.
    pub fn subject_threaded(&self, mi: usize) -> bool {
        self.thread_pseudo.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// mutt's $hide_thread_subject: true when this message is a thread
    /// reply whose subject repeats its parent's, so the index blanks
    /// it. Off by default, where mutt has it on, so rmut keeps its
    /// look until asked.
    pub fn subject_hidden(&self, mi: usize) -> bool {
        if !self.config.index.hide_thread_subject.unwrap_or(false) {
            return false;
        }
        let Some(parent) = self.thread_parent.get(mi).copied().flatten() else {
            return false;
        };
        match (self.msgs.get(mi), self.msgs.get(parent)) {
            (Some(m), Some(p)) => subject_key(&m.env.subject) == subject_key(&p.env.subject),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// mutt's toggle-write (%): flip the mailbox's writable state for
    /// the session. The -R session flag cannot be turned off this
    /// way, as mutt refuses too.
    pub fn toggle_write(&mut self) {
        if self.read_only_session {
            self.error("mailbox is read-only for the whole session (-R)");
            return;
        }
        self.read_only = !self.read_only;
        if self.read_only {
            self.note("mailbox marked read-only");
        } else {
            self.note("mailbox marked writable");
        }
    }

    /// mutt's show-limit: the active limit pattern, or that there is
    /// none.
    pub fn show_limit(&mut self) {
        match &self.limit {
            Some((raw, _)) => self.note(format!("limit: {raw}")),
            None => self.note("no limit pattern (all messages shown)"),
        }
    }

    /// The subject a reply carries, under $reply_regexp.
    pub fn reply_subject(&self, orig: &str) -> String {
        compose::reply_subject(orig, &self.reply_re)
    }

    /// mutt's next-thread / previous-thread: the first message of the
    /// thread either side of this one.
    pub fn jump_thread(&mut self, forward: bool) {
        if self.sort != SortKey::Threads {
            self.error("thread operations need thread sort (o t)");
            return;
        }
        for (vi, wrapped) in wrap_order(self.visible.len(), self.sel, forward) {
            let mi = self.visible[vi];
            if self.thread_depth.get(mi).copied().unwrap_or(0) == 0 {
                if wrapped {
                    self.note("wrapped around");
                }
                self.select(vi);
                return;
            }
        }
        self.error("no other thread");
    }

    pub fn jump_new(&mut self, forward: bool) {
        let n = self.visible.len();
        if n == 0 {
            return;
        }
        for (vi, wrapped) in wrap_order(n, self.sel, forward) {
            let m = &self.msgs[self.visible[vi]];
            if m.env.file.is_new || !m.env.file.flags.seen {
                if wrapped {
                    self.note("search wrapped");
                }
                self.select(vi);
                return;
            }
        }
        self.error("no new or unread messages");
    }

    /// Apply `f` to every message matching `input`, within the active
    /// limit (members of folded threads included; folding is display
    /// only), and report the count.
    /// mutt's $simple_search: a bare one-word search (no `~`) expands
    /// through the template before parsing; anything with a `~` or
    /// more than one word is a pattern already and parses as typed.
    /// The config parse sites (color rules) do not go through here.
    pub fn compile_search(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Vec<Pattern>, String> {
        pattern::parse(&self.expand_simple(input))
    }

    fn expand_simple(&self, input: &str) -> String {
        let word = input.trim();
        if word.contains('~') || word.split_whitespace().count() != 1 {
            return input.to_string();
        }
        let template = self
            .config
            .mail
            .simple_search
            .as_deref()
            .unwrap_or("~f %s | ~s %s");
        template.replace("%s", word)
    }

    pub fn apply_pattern(&mut self, input: &str, verb: &'static str, f: impl Fn(&mut Msg)) {
        if input.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let patterns = match self.compile_search(input) {
            Ok(p) => p,
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("bad pattern: {err}"));
                return;
            }
        };
        self.resolve_body_terms(&patterns);
        let positions = self.positions();
        let mut hits = Vec::new();
        for (i, pos) in positions.iter().enumerate() {
            let in_limit = match &self.limit {
                Some((_, l)) => self.env_matches_at(l, &self.msgs[i].env, *pos, i),
                None => true,
            };
            if in_limit && self.env_matches_at(&patterns, &self.msgs[i].env, *pos, i) {
                hits.push(i);
            }
        }
        self.push_undo(&format!("{verb} by pattern"), &hits);
        for &i in &hits {
            f(&mut self.msgs[i]);
        }
        self.note(format!("{} {verb}", hits.len()));
    }

    pub fn search_next(&mut self) {
        let Some(patterns) = self.last_search.clone() else {
            self.error("no search pattern (use /)");
            return;
        };
        if self.visible.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        // mutt's $wrap_search: without it, `n` stops at the last (or
        // first) match rather than looping to the other end.
        let wrap = self.config.mail.wrap_search.unwrap_or(true);
        let positions = self.positions();
        for (vi, wrapped) in wrap_order(self.visible.len(), self.sel, !self.search_rev) {
            if wrapped && !wrap {
                break;
            }
            let mi = self.visible[vi];
            if self.env_matches_at(&patterns, &self.msgs[mi].env, positions[mi], mi) {
                if wrapped {
                    self.note("search wrapped");
                }
                self.sel = vi;
                return;
            }
        }
        self.error("not found");
    }

    /// Copy every deleted message into the trash mailbox: UID COPY on
    /// the server for IMAP mailboxes, maildir delivery otherwise (the
    /// deleted mark is dropped on the copy).
    fn trash_deleted(&mut self, trash: &str) -> Result<()> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        // purge-message bypasses the trash, as in mutt's mx.c.
        let deleted: Vec<PathBuf> = self
            .msgs
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| m.env.file.flags.deleted && !m.purge)
            .map(|m| m.env.file.path.clone())
            .collect();
        match (remote::parse_spec(trash), &mut self.imap) {
            (Some((account, folder)), Some(imap)) if imap.facts.account.name == account => imap
                .blocking(Job::CopyToFolder {
                    paths: deleted,
                    mailbox: folder.to_string(),
                })
                .map(|_| ()),
            (Some(_), _) => anyhow::bail!("trash must be a folder of the open account"),
            (None, Some(_)) => {
                anyhow::bail!("an IMAP mailbox needs an imap:account/folder trash")
            }
            (None, None) => {
                let dir = expand_tilde(trash);
                maildir::create(&dir)?;
                for m in self
                    .msgs
                    .iter()
                    .filter(|m| m.env.file.flags.deleted && !m.purge)
                {
                    let bytes = std::fs::read(&m.env.file.path)?;
                    let mut flags = m.env.file.flags;
                    flags.deleted = false;
                    maildir::deliver(&dir, &bytes, flags)?;
                }
                Ok(())
            }
        }
    }

    /// `purge` expunges deleted messages; without it they stay marked
    /// and only flag changes are written.
    pub fn sync(&mut self, purge: bool) {
        if self.deny_readonly() {
            return;
        }
        // $trash: purged messages move there first; a failed copy
        // aborts the purge. Purging inside the trash deletes for real.
        if purge
            && self.deleted_count() > 0
            && let Some(trash) = self.config.mail.trash.clone()
            && trash != self.title
            && expand_tilde(&trash) != self.dir
            && let Err(err) = self.trash_deleted(&trash)
        {
            self.error(format!("trash failed: {err:#}; nothing purged"));
            return;
        }
        if self.imap.is_some() {
            let mut deletes: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
            let mut flags: Vec<(PathBuf, maildir::Flags)> = Vec::new();
            for m in &self.msgs {
                if m.env.file.flags.deleted {
                    if purge {
                        deletes.push(m.env.file.path.clone());
                    }
                } else if m.dirty {
                    flags.push((m.env.file.path.clone(), m.env.file.flags));
                }
            }
            // The server takes it on its own thread; the local half
            // waits for the answer, since nothing may be applied here
            // until the server has it.
            if self.start(Job::Sync { flags, deletes }, Pending::Sync { purge }) {
                return;
            }
        }
        self.finish_sync(purge);
    }

    /// The half of a sync that needs no server: the mbox write-back,
    /// the maildir renames and removals, and what to say about it.
    fn finish_sync(&mut self, purge: bool) {
        if let Some(mbox) = &mut self.mbox {
            // The wanted end state per message id; untouched messages
            // keep whatever the file already says.
            let mut state: HashMap<String, Option<(maildir::Flags, bool)>> = HashMap::new();
            for m in &self.msgs {
                let Some(id) = mbox::id_of(&m.env.file.path) else {
                    continue;
                };
                if m.env.file.flags.deleted && purge {
                    state.insert(id, None);
                } else if m.pending() {
                    let is_new = m.env.file.is_new && !m.dirty;
                    state.insert(id, Some((m.env.file.flags, is_new)));
                }
            }
            if let Err(err) = mbox.write_back(&state) {
                // Nothing applied locally: everything stays pending.
                self.error(format!("sync failed: {err:#}"));
                return;
            }
        }
        let keep = self.selected_path();
        let mut removed = 0usize;
        let mut saved = 0usize;
        let mut errors: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        // mutt's $maildir_trash: a purge writes the T flag and keeps
        // the message, still marked, instead of unlinking it. Only a
        // real maildir: the server purges IMAP, the mirror mbox.
        let trash = self.config.mail.maildir_trash && self.imap.is_none() && self.mbox.is_none();
        self.msgs.retain_mut(|m| {
            if m.env.file.flags.deleted {
                if !purge {
                    return true; // stays marked for a later purge
                }
                if trash {
                    if m.dirty {
                        match maildir::store_flags(&m.env.file) {
                            Ok(path) => {
                                m.env.file.path = path;
                                m.env.file.is_new = false;
                                m.dirty = false;
                                saved += 1;
                            }
                            Err(err) => errors.push(err.to_string()),
                        }
                    }
                    return true;
                }
                match maildir::remove(&m.env.file) {
                    Ok(()) => {
                        removed += 1;
                        false
                    }
                    Err(err) => {
                        errors.push(err.to_string());
                        true
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if m.dirty {
                    match maildir::store_flags(&m.env.file) {
                        Ok(path) => {
                            m.env.file.path = path;
                            m.env.file.is_new = false;
                            m.dirty = false;
                            saved += 1;
                        }
                        Err(err) => errors.push(err.to_string()),
                    }
                }
                true
            }
        });
        self.dir_mtimes = dir_mtimes(&self.dir);
        // The marks are on disk now, and the paths the stack keyed on
        // have been renamed away: there is nothing left to walk back.
        self.undo.clear();
        self.resort(keep);
        match errors.is_empty() {
            true => self.notify(Notice::Synced {
                deleted: removed,
                updated: saved,
            }),
            false => self.note(format!("sync errors: {}", errors.join("; "))),
        }
    }

    /// An error status: rendered in the error color with a bell,
    /// unlike informational notes (mutt's mutt_error vs mutt_message).
    /// Mailbox specs for the folder browser and for Tab completion at
    /// a mailbox prompt: the configured mailboxes, the open account's
    /// folders (IMAP LIST), and maildirs discovered next to the open
    /// one.
    /// mutt's folder management from the browser. A spec names an
    /// `imap:account/folder` of the open account, or a local path; a
    /// remote verb goes to the connection, a local one touches the
    /// filesystem. Returns what to say on success.
    pub fn create_folder(&mut self, spec: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
        let id = self.manage(
            spec,
            |_account, folder| Manage::Create(folder),
            |path| {
                maildir::create(&path).map_err(|e| format!("{e:#}"))?;
                Ok(path.display().to_string())
            },
        )?;
        Ok(format!("created {id}"))
    }

    pub fn delete_folder(&mut self, spec: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
        let id = self.manage(
            spec,
            |_account, folder| Manage::Delete(folder),
            |path| {
                // A maildir is a directory tree; removing it is what
                // "delete this mailbox" means locally.
                std::fs::remove_dir_all(&path).map_err(|e| format!("{e}"))?;
                Ok(path.display().to_string())
            },
        )?;
        Ok(format!("deleted {id}"))
    }

    pub fn set_subscribed(&mut self, spec: &str, on: bool) -> Result<String, String> {
        let verb = if on {
            "subscribed to"
        } else {
            "unsubscribed from"
        };
        self.manage(
            spec,
            move |_account, folder| Manage::Subscribe(folder, on),
            |_path| Err("subscription is an IMAP notion".into()),
        )
        .map(|shown| format!("{verb} {shown}"))
    }

    /// Rename a mailbox to `new` (a bare folder name for an imap spec,
    /// or a path for a local maildir).
    pub fn rename_folder(&mut self, spec: &str, new: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
        if new.trim().is_empty() {
            return Err("no new name given".into());
        }
        match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some((account, from)) => {
                let to = new.trim().to_string();
                self.on_account(account, Manage::Rename(from.to_string(), to.clone()))?;
                Ok(format!("renamed to {to}"))
            }
            None => {
                let from = expand_tilde(spec);
                let to = expand_tilde(new);
                std::fs::rename(&from, &to).map_err(|e| format!("{e}"))?;
                Ok(format!("renamed to {}", to.display()))
            }
        }
    }

    /// The shared routing: an imap spec's verb goes to the account,
    /// a local path runs `local`. `make` builds the remote action
    /// from the account and folder.
    fn manage(
        &mut self,
        spec: &str,
        make: impl FnOnce(&str, String) -> Manage,
        local: impl FnOnce(std::path::PathBuf) -> Result<String, String>,
    ) -> Result<String, String> {
        match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some((account, folder)) => {
                let action = make(account, folder.to_string());
                self.on_account(account, action)?;
                Ok(format!("imap:{account}/{folder}"))
            }
            None => local(expand_tilde(spec)),
        }
    }

    /// Send a management action to the open IMAP account, refusing a
    /// spec for a different or absent account.
    fn on_account(&mut self, account: &str, action: Manage) -> Result<(), String> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        match &mut self.imap {
            Some(imap) if imap.facts.account.name == account => imap
                .blocking(Job::Manage(action))
                .map(drop)
                .map_err(|e| format!("{e:#}")),
            Some(_) | None => Err("that mailbox is not on the open account".into()),
        }
    }

    pub fn folder_candidates(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<(String, usize)>> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        // Local entries carry their new/ count; imap: specs of other
        // accounts show without one (no connection just for a count).
        let mut dirs: Vec<(String, usize)> = self
            .config
            .mail
            .mailboxes
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| m.starts_with("imap:") || expand_tilde(m).join("cur").is_dir())
            .map(|m| {
                let count = if m.starts_with("imap:") {
                    0
                } else {
                    maildir::new_count(&expand_tilde(m))
                };
                (m.clone(), count)
            })
            .collect();
        match &mut self.imap {
            Some(imap) => {
                let account = imap.facts.account.name.clone();
                if let Done::Folders(folders) = imap.blocking(Job::Folders)? {
                    dirs.extend(
                        folders
                            .into_iter()
                            .map(|(f, unseen)| (format!("imap:{account}/{f}"), unseen)),
                    );
                }
            }
            None => dirs.extend(
                maildir::discover(&self.dir)
                    .iter()
                    .map(|p| (p.display().to_string(), maildir::new_count(p))),
            ),
        }
        // One entry per name, the first spelling kept, the counts
        // merged; then mutt's $sort_browser over the lot.
        let mut seen: HashMap<String, usize> = HashMap::new();
        let mut unique: Vec<(String, usize)> = Vec::new();
        for (name, count) in dirs {
            match seen.get(&name) {
                Some(&at) => unique[at].1 = unique[at].1.max(count),
                None => {
                    seen.insert(name.clone(), unique.len());
                    unique.push((name, count));
                }
            }
        }
        let mut dirs = unique;
        sort_browser(&mut dirs, self.config.ui.sort_browser.as_deref());
        // Kept for the shape the old sort+dedup had: nothing to merge
        // now, so this is a no-op that keeps the borrow simple.
        dirs.dedup_by(|a, b| {
            if a.0 == b.0 {
                b.1 = b.1.max(a.1);
                true
            } else {
                false
            }
        });
        Ok(dirs)
    }

    /// How many unread messages a configured mailbox holds, for a
    /// front end drawing a sidebar.
    ///
    /// A local maildir is counted on the spot. A folder on the server
    /// costs a STATUS, so the number is the last one the connection
    /// gave: [`Session::refresh_unseen`] asks for a fresh set in the
    /// background, and says so when they land. Other accounts show 0
    /// rather than costing a connection of their own.
    pub fn unseen_count(&self, spec: &str) -> usize {
        match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some(_) => self.unseen.get(spec).copied().unwrap_or(0),
            None => maildir::new_count(&expand_tilde(spec)),
        }
    }

    /// Ask the server for the unread counts of the configured folders
    /// of the open account. They land on a later poll.
    fn refresh_unseen(&mut self) -> bool {
        let Some(imap) = &self.imap else {
            return false;
        };
        let account = imap.facts.account.name.clone();
        let wanted: Vec<(String, String)> = self
            .config
            .mail
            .mailboxes
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|spec| match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
                Some((a, folder)) if a == account => Some((spec.clone(), folder.to_string())),
                _ => None,
            })
            .collect();
        if wanted.is_empty() {
            return false;
        }
        let (specs, folders): (Vec<String>, Vec<String>) = wanted.into_iter().unzip();
        self.start(Job::Unseen(folders), Pending::Counts(specs))
    }

    /// Put an edited message back: on IMAP the edited copy is
    /// appended and the original marked deleted (mutt does the same,
    /// since a message on a server cannot be rewritten in place),
    /// locally the file is written over and the mailbox rescanned.
    pub fn store_edited(&mut self, path: &Path, edited: &[u8]) {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        match &mut self.imap {
            Some(imap) => {
                let Some(flags) = self
                    .visible
                    .get(self.sel)
                    .map(|&i| self.msgs[i].env.file.flags)
                else {
                    return;
                };
                let mailbox = imap.facts.mailbox.clone();
                if let Err(err) = imap.blocking(Job::Append {
                    mailbox: Some(mailbox),
                    flags,
                    body: edited.to_vec(),
                }) {
                    self.error(format!("cannot store the edited copy: {err:#}"));
                    return;
                }
                let rules = self.delete_rules();
                if let Some(m) = self.cur_mut()
                    && rules.mark(m)
                {
                    m.dirty = true;
                }
                self.check_new_mail();
                self.note("edited copy appended; original marked deleted ($ purges)");
            }
            None => {
                if let Err(err) = std::fs::write(path, edited) {
                    self.error(format!("cannot write message: {err}"));
                    return;
                }
                self.rescan();
                self.note("message edited");
            }
        }
    }

    /// mutt's $mark_old (on by default): when leaving the mailbox,
    /// unread new mail ages to old: moved out of new/ without the
    /// seen flag, shown as O and no longer counted as new.
    /// mark-all-read (Alt+a): every unread message in the mailbox
    /// marked seen, one undo step. mutt spells this as tag-pattern
    /// gymnastics; here it is a function of its own.
    pub fn mark_all_read(&mut self) {
        if self.deny_readonly() {
            return;
        }
        let targets: Vec<usize> = (0..self.msgs.len())
            .filter(|&i| {
                let f = &self.msgs[i].env.file;
                !f.flags.seen || f.is_new
            })
            .collect();
        if targets.is_empty() {
            self.note("no unread messages");
            return;
        }
        self.push_undo("mark all read", &targets);
        for &i in &targets {
            let m = &mut self.msgs[i];
            m.env.file.flags.seen = true;
            m.env.file.is_new = false;
            m.dirty = true;
        }
        self.note(format!("{} marked read", targets.len()));
    }

    /// Tag every visible message between the two positions
    /// (inclusive, either order): the pointer's range gesture
    /// (shift+click in the window). One undo step, like any sweep.
    pub fn tag_span(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize) {
        if self.visible.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let last = self.visible.len() - 1;
        let (lo, hi) = if a <= b { (a, b) } else { (b, a) };
        let (lo, hi) = (lo.min(last), hi.min(last));
        let targets: Vec<usize> = self.visible[lo..=hi].to_vec();
        self.push_undo("tag", &targets);
        for &i in &targets {
            self.msgs[i].env.tagged = true;
        }
        self.note(format!("{} tagged", targets.len()));
    }

    pub fn mark_old_unread(&mut self) {
        if self.read_only || !self.config.mail.mark_old.unwrap_or(true) {
            return;
        }
        for m in &mut self.msgs {
            if m.env.file.is_new
                && !m.env.file.flags.seen
                && !m.env.file.flags.deleted
                && let Ok(path) = maildir::store_flags(&m.env.file)
            {
                m.env.file.path = path;
                m.env.file.is_new = false;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Leaving the mailbox (c, sidebar open, folder browser): flag
    /// changes are written silently like q; only pending deletions
    /// block the switch. True when it is safe to go.
    pub fn ready_to_leave(&mut self) -> bool {
        if self.deleted_count() > 0 {
            self.error("deleted messages pending; sync with $ or undelete first");
            return false;
        }
        if self.pending_count() > 0 {
            self.sync(false);
            if self.pending_count() > 0 {
                return false; // sync failed; its status says why
            }
        }
        true
    }

    /// Which account to submit outgoing mail through. Explicit sendmail
    /// configuration ($RMUT_SENDMAIL or mail.sendmail) wins; otherwise
    /// the open mailbox's account, or the first one with an smtp_host.
    pub fn smtp_account(&self) -> Option<Account> {
        if std::env::var("RMUT_SENDMAIL").is_ok() || self.config.mail.sendmail.is_some() {
            return None;
        }
        if let Some(imap) = &self.imap
            && imap.facts.account.smtp_host.is_some()
        {
            return Some(imap.facts.account.clone());
        }
        self.config
            .accounts
            .iter()
            .find(|a| a.smtp_host.is_some())
            .cloned()
    }

    /// Copy the message to a mailbox (local maildir path or a folder
    /// of the open IMAP account); with `delete` the original is marked
    /// deleted afterwards, mutt's s versus C.
    pub fn copy_message(&mut self, input: &str, delete: bool, tagged: bool, decode: bool) {
        if input.is_empty() {
            self.error("no mailbox given");
            return;
        }
        let targets = self.op_targets(tagged);
        if targets.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        // A copy reads the messages, so the bodies come first.
        let paths = self.target_paths(tagged);
        if !self.have_bodies(
            &paths,
            Again::Copy {
                input: input.to_string(),
                delete,
                tagged,
                decode,
            },
        ) {
            return;
        }
        // What the undo of this step has to take back: the copies just
        // delivered, and (for a save) the originals' deleted marks.
        let mut created: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
        let mut marks = Vec::new();
        let mut copied = Vec::new();
        let mut errors: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        let mut note = None;
        let mut target = String::new();
        for &i in &targets {
            match self.copy_one(i, input, decode, &mut created) {
                Ok(shown) => {
                    if shown.starts_with("imap:") {
                        note = Some(format!("the copy in {shown} stays"));
                    }
                    target = shown;
                    marks.push(self.mark(i));
                    copied.push(i);
                }
                // One bad message does not undo the good ones: the
                // rest still go, and the trouble is reported after.
                Err(err) => errors.push(err),
            }
        }
        let verb = if delete { "save" } else { "copy" };
        if copied.is_empty() {
            self.error(format!("cannot {verb}: {}", errors.join("; ")));
            return;
        }
        self.push_undo_step(UndoStep {
            what: format!("{verb} to {target}"),
            marks,
            sel: self.selected_path(),
            created,
            note,
            rewritten: Vec::new(),
        });
        let n = copied.len();
        if delete {
            let rules = self.delete_rules();
            for &i in &copied {
                if rules.mark(&mut self.msgs[i]) {
                    self.msgs[i].dirty = true;
                }
            }
        }
        // mutt's $resolve, as the save path has it: a successful
        // untagged save steps to the next undeleted message, exactly
        // like delete, staying put on the last one.
        if delete
            && !tagged
            && errors.is_empty()
            && let Some(pos) = self.step_message(true, true)
        {
            self.sel = pos;
        }
        let mut status = match (delete, n) {
            (true, 1) => format!("saved to {target} (original marked deleted)"),
            (true, _) => format!("saved {n} to {target} (originals marked deleted)"),
            (false, 1) => format!("copied to {target}"),
            (false, _) => format!("copied {n} to {target}"),
        };
        if !errors.is_empty() {
            status += &format!("; {} failed: {}", errors.len(), errors.join("; "));
            self.error(status);
        } else {
            self.note(status);
        }
    }

    /// One message into `spec`: a folder of the open IMAP account, or
    /// a local maildir path (created if missing). Returns where it
    /// went, and pushes the delivered file, which undo removes.
    fn copy_one(
        &mut self,
        i: usize,
        spec: &str,
        decode: bool,
        created: &mut Vec<PathBuf>,
    ) -> Result<String, String> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        let flags = self.msgs[i].env.file.flags;
        // mutt's decode-save/decode-copy deliver the message as the
        // pager shows it (weeded headers, decoded body); plain save
        // keeps the bytes verbatim.
        let bytes = if decode {
            self.displayed_text(i)?.into_bytes()
        } else {
            self.message_bytes(i).ok_or("cannot read the message")?
        };
        match remote::parse_spec(spec) {
            Some((account, folder)) => match &mut self.imap {
                Some(imap) if imap.facts.account.name == account => imap
                    .blocking(Job::Append {
                        mailbox: Some(folder.to_string()),
                        flags,
                        body: bytes,
                    })
                    .map(|done| match done {
                        Done::Folder(folder) => format!("imap:{account}/{folder}"),
                        _ => format!("imap:{account}/{folder}"),
                    })
                    .map_err(|err| format!("{err:#}")),
                _ => Err("can only save to a folder of the open account".into()),
            },
            None => {
                let dir = expand_tilde(spec);
                maildir::create(&dir)
                    .and_then(|()| maildir::deliver(&dir, &bytes, flags))
                    .map(|path| {
                        created.push(path);
                        dir.display().to_string()
                    })
                    .map_err(|err| format!("{err:#}"))
            }
        }
    }

    /// mutt's create-alias: one line appended to the alias file.
    pub fn create_alias(&mut self, nick: &str, addr: &str) {
        if nick.is_empty() || nick.contains(char::is_whitespace) {
            self.error("the alias nick must be one word");
            return;
        }
        match alias::append_to(self.config.mail.alias_file.as_deref(), nick, addr) {
            Ok(_) => self.note(format!("added: alias {nick} {addr}")),
            Err(err) => self.error(format!("cannot save the alias: {err:#}")),
        }
    }

    /// Pipe the raw message to a shell command, like mutt's |. With
    /// `;` the tagged messages are concatenated into one run of the
    /// command, which is what mutt does with $pipe_split unset.
    pub fn pipe_message(&mut self, command: &str, tagged: bool) {
        if command.is_empty() {
            self.error("no command given");
            return;
        }
        let paths = self.target_paths(tagged);
        if !self.have_bodies(
            &paths,
            Again::Pipe {
                command: command.to_string(),
                tagged,
            },
        ) {
            return;
        }
        let targets = self.op_targets(tagged);
        let n = targets.len();
        let decode = self.config.mail.pipe_decode.unwrap_or(false);
        let split = self.config.mail.pipe_split.unwrap_or(false);
        let sep = self
            .config
            .mail
            .pipe_sep
            .clone()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "\n".into());
        match self.run_over(&targets, command, decode, split, &sep) {
            Ok(()) => self.note(match n {
                1 => format!("piped to {command}"),
                _ => format!("piped {n} messages to {command}"),
            }),
            Err(err) => self.error(format!("pipe failed: {err}")),
        }
    }

    /// Resend the message as-is to new recipients: Resent-* headers on
    /// top, the rest untouched.
    pub fn bounce_current(&mut self, to: &str, tagged: bool) {
        let rcpts = compose::addresses(to);
        if rcpts.is_empty() {
            self.error(format!("cannot parse the addresses in {to:?}"));
            return;
        }
        let paths = self.target_paths(tagged);
        if !self.have_bodies(
            &paths,
            Again::Bounce {
                to: to.to_string(),
                tagged,
            },
        ) {
            return;
        }
        let targets = self.op_targets(tagged);
        let mut sent = 0usize;
        for i in targets {
            let Some(bytes) = self.message_bytes(i) else {
                return;
            };
            if let Err(err) = self.bounce_one(&bytes, to, &rcpts) {
                self.error(format!("bounce failed: {err:#}"));
                return;
            }
            sent += 1;
        }
        self.note(match sent {
            1 => format!("message bounced to {to}"),
            _ => format!("{sent} messages bounced to {to}"),
        });
    }

    /// One message resent as-is: Resent-* headers on top, the rest
    /// untouched.
    fn bounce_one(&mut self, bytes: &[u8], to: &str, rcpts: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
        let host = maildir::hostname();
        let from = self
            .current_identity(rcpts)
            .from_line()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| default_from(&host));
        let text = compose::bounce_text(
            bytes,
            &from,
            to,
            &compose::rfc2822_now(),
            &compose::make_message_id(&host),
        );
        let envelope_from = compose::bare_address(&from).unwrap_or_else(|| from.clone());
        match self.smtp_account() {
            Some(account) => account_password(&account).and_then(|password| {
                smtp::send(&account, &password, &envelope_from, rcpts, text.as_bytes())
            }),
            None => run_sendmail(
                text.as_bytes(),
                self.config.mail.sendmail.as_deref(),
                Some(rcpts),
            ),
        }
    }

    /// Open the selected message: the body if it is not here yet,
    /// then the view, which the front end is asked to show.
    pub fn open_message(&mut self) {
        let Some(path) = self.selected_path() else {
            return;
        };
        if !self.have_bodies(std::slice::from_ref(&path), Again::View) {
            return;
        }
        self.mark_read();
        match self.load_view(&path) {
            Ok(view) => self.requests.push(Request::ShowMessage(Box::new(view))),
            Err(err) => self.error(format!("cannot open message: {err:#}")),
        }
    }

    /// Fetch (IMAP), parse, and PGP-process a message the way the
    /// pager shows it.
    pub fn load_view(&mut self, path: &Path) -> Result<message::MessageView> {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        // Cached IMAP messages start header-only; get the body now.
        if remote::is_partial(path)
            && let Some(imap) = &mut self.imap
        {
            imap.blocking(Job::FetchBodies(vec![path.to_path_buf()]))
                .context("cannot fetch message")?;
            // The body is here now: %l can show its line count.
            if let Some(m) = self.msgs.iter_mut().find(|m| m.env.file.path == path)
                && let Ok(raw) = std::fs::read(path)
            {
                m.env.lines = Some(message::body_lines(&raw));
            }
        }
        let mut view = message::load_with(path, &self.display)?;
        // PGP messages: decrypt/verify via gpg, prepend the verdict
        // line to whatever body ends up shown.
        if let Ok(raw) = std::fs::read(path)
            && let Some(p) = pgp::view(&self.config.pgp, &raw)
        {
            match p.body {
                // A decrypted PGP/MIME entity is a MIME tree of its
                // own: render it whole, so attachments inside
                // encrypted mail are announced like any others.
                Some(pgp::Body::Entity(raw)) => {
                    view.body = message::render_entity(&raw, &self.display);
                }
                Some(pgp::Body::Text(text)) => view.body = text,
                None => {}
            }
            view.body = format!("{}\n\n{}", p.note, view.body);
        }
        Ok(view)
    }

    /// The message as the pager shows it: brief (weeded) headers and
    /// the decoded body. Used by print, decode-save/copy, and a
    /// decoded pipe.
    fn displayed_text(&mut self, i: usize) -> Result<String, String> {
        let path = self.msgs[i].env.file.path.clone();
        let view = self
            .load_view(&path)
            .map_err(|err| format!("cannot decode: {err:#}"))?;
        let mut text = String::new();
        for (name, value) in &view.brief {
            text += &format!("{name}: {value}\n");
        }
        text.push('\n');
        text += &view.body;
        if !text.ends_with('\n') {
            text.push('\n');
        }
        Ok(text)
    }

    /// Pipe the message to the print command (lpr by default). mutt's
    /// $print_decode (on) prints the decoded form; $print_split runs
    /// the command once per message.
    pub fn print_current(&mut self, tagged: bool) {
        let paths = self.target_paths(tagged);
        if !self.have_bodies(&paths, Again::Print { tagged }) {
            return;
        }
        let targets = self.op_targets(tagged);
        if targets.is_empty() {
            return;
        }
        let command = self
            .config
            .mail
            .print
            .clone()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "lpr".into());
        let decode = self.config.mail.print_decode.unwrap_or(true);
        let split = self.config.mail.print_split.unwrap_or(false);
        let n = targets.len();
        match self.run_over(&targets, &command, decode, split, "\n") {
            Ok(()) => self.note(match n {
                1 => format!("printed via {command}"),
                _ => format!("printed {n} messages via {command}"),
            }),
            Err(err) => self.error(format!("print failed: {err}")),
        }
    }

    /// The bytes of one message for pipe/print/save: decoded (as the
    /// pager shows it) or raw.
    fn op_one_bytes(&mut self, i: usize, decode: bool) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
        if decode {
            self.displayed_text(i).map(String::into_bytes)
        } else {
            self.message_bytes(i)
                .map(|mut b| {
                    if !b.ends_with(b"\n") {
                        b.push(b'\n');
                    }
                    b
                })
                .ok_or_else(|| "cannot read the message".into())
        }
    }

    /// Run `command` over the targets: once per message when `split`,
    /// else once over them all joined by `sep` (mutt's $pipe_split /
    /// $pipe_sep, and the same for print).
    fn run_over(
        &mut self,
        targets: &[usize],
        command: &str,
        decode: bool,
        split: bool,
        sep: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        if split {
            for &i in targets {
                let bytes = self.op_one_bytes(i, decode)?;
                pipe_to(command, &bytes).map_err(|err| format!("{err:#}"))?;
            }
            return Ok(());
        }
        let mut all: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
        for (n, &i) in targets.iter().enumerate() {
            if n > 0 {
                all.extend_from_slice(sep.as_bytes());
            }
            all.extend_from_slice(&self.op_one_bytes(i, decode)?);
        }
        pipe_to(command, &all).map_err(|err| format!("{err:#}"))
    }

    /// The identity in effect for this mailbox (and, when known, the
    /// draft's recipients).
    pub fn current_identity(&self, rcpts: &[String]) -> rmut_core::config::Identity {
        self.config.identity_for(
            &self.title,
            rcpts,
            self.imap.as_ref().map(|imap| &imap.facts.account),
        )
    }

    /// Indices of the message-hooks the selected message matches.
    pub fn matching_message_hooks(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
        let Some(env) = self.visible.get(self.sel).map(|&mi| &self.msgs[mi].env) else {
            return Vec::new();
        };
        // `~m` and `~=` want the whole list; a hook asks about one
        // message, so only its own numbering is filled in.
        let pos = pattern::Position {
            number: self.sel + 1,
            current: self.sel + 1,
            last: self.visible.len(),
            duplicate: false,
        };
        self.message_hooks
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .filter(|(_, h)| pattern::matches_in(&h.patterns, env, self.scope(pos), None))
            .map(|(i, _)| i)
            .collect()
    }

    /// mutt's reply-hook: the command lines whose pattern matches the
    /// message being replied to. Running them is the front end's, and
    /// so is putting the config back afterwards.
    pub fn reply_hook_lines(&self, path: &Path) -> Vec<String> {
        if self.reply_hooks.is_empty() {
            return Vec::new();
        }
        let Some(env) = self.msgs.iter().find(|m| m.env.file.path == *path) else {
            return Vec::new();
        };
        let scope = self.scope(pattern::Position::default());
        self.reply_hooks
            .iter()
            .filter(|h| pattern::matches_in(&h.patterns, &env.env, scope, None))
            .map(|h| h.value.clone())
            .collect()
    }

    /// mutt's fcc-hook: the mailbox the first matching entry names for
    /// this outgoing draft, or None when nothing matches.
    pub fn fcc_hook_target(&self, draft: &str, path: &Path) -> Option<String> {
        if self.fcc_hooks.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        let env = compose::draft_envelope(draft, path);
        let scope = self.scope(pattern::Position::default());
        self.fcc_hooks
            .iter()
            .find(|h| pattern::matches_in(&h.patterns, &env, scope, None))
            .map(|h| h.value.clone())
    }

    /// mutt's crypt-hook: a recipient with a hook of its own is
    /// encrypted to that key id instead of to its address.
    pub fn crypt_key_for(&self, address: &str) -> Option<String> {
        self.crypt_hooks
            .iter()
            .find(|(m, _)| m.is_match(address))
            .map(|(_, key)| key.clone())
    }

    /// `X` submitted: `notmuch search --output=files` into a virtual
    /// read-only mailbox: the hits are symlinked into a cache
    /// maildir (the real copies stay where they are), so viewing,
    /// replying, copying, and piping work while flag changes and
    /// deletes stay refused.
    /// Mirror a notmuch query into a maildir of symlinks, ready to be
    /// opened. Returns where it is and how many messages it holds.
    pub fn notmuch_mirror(&mut self, query: &str) -> Option<(PathBuf, usize)> {
        if query.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        let out = Command::new("notmuch")
            .args(["search", "--output=files", "--limit=1000", "--", query])
            .output();
        let out = match out {
            Ok(out) if out.status.success() => out,
            Ok(out) => {
                let err = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr);
                self.error(format!("notmuch: {}", err.trim()));
                return None;
            }
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("notmuch: {err}"));
                return None;
            }
        };
        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout);
        let files: Vec<&str> = stdout.lines().filter(|l| !l.trim().is_empty()).collect();
        if files.is_empty() {
            self.error("notmuch: no matches");
            return None;
        }
        if !self.ready_to_leave() {
            return None;
        }
        let dir = remote::cache_base().join("notmuch");
        let build = || -> Result<()> {
            for sub in ["cur", "new", "tmp"] {
                std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.join(sub))?;
            }
            for entry in std::fs::read_dir(dir.join("cur"))?.flatten() {
                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(entry.path());
            }
            for (i, file) in files.iter().enumerate() {
                let base = Path::new(file)
                    .file_name()
                    .map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{i}"));
                // A unique prefix avoids collisions across source
                // dirs; the :2, flag suffix stays parseable.
                let _ = std::os::unix::fs::symlink(
                    file,
                    dir.join("cur").join(format!("{i:04}.{base}")),
                );
            }
            Ok(())
        };
        if let Err(err) = build() {
            self.note(format!("notmuch mirror: {err:#}"));
            return None;
        }
        Some((dir, files.len()))
    }

    pub fn compose_base(&self) -> Option<ComposeBase> {
        let &mi = self.visible.get(self.sel)?;
        let env = &self.msgs[mi].env;
        let view = message::load(&env.file.path).ok()?;
        let get = |name: &str| {
            view.all
                .iter()
                .filter(|(k, _)| k.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
                .map(|(_, v)| v.clone())
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(", ")
        };
        let from_hdr = get("From");
        let (reply_to, has_reply_to) = {
            let rt = get("Reply-To");
            if rt.trim().is_empty() {
                (from_hdr.clone(), false)
            } else {
                let differs = rt.trim() != from_hdr.trim();
                (rt, differs)
            }
        };
        Some(ComposeBase {
            path: env.file.path.clone(),
            reply_to,
            from_hdr,
            has_reply_to,
            orig_to: get("To"),
            orig_cc: get("Cc"),
            list_post: compose::list_post_address(&get("List-Post")),
            followup_to: get("Mail-Followup-To"),
            from_addr: compose::addresses(&get("From"))
                .into_iter()
                .next()
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            from_display: env.from.clone(),
            subject: env.subject.clone(),
            date: env.date,
            msg_id: env.msg_id.clone(),
            references: env.references.clone(),
        })
    }

    /// The To prompt, prefilled for replies with Reply-To (the
    /// question's yes) or the plain From (its no).
    /// Where a list reply goes: the list's own List-Post address when
    /// it published one, else the first To/Cc address that matches a
    /// configured list.
    pub fn list_target(&self, base: &ComposeBase) -> Option<String> {
        if let Some(addr) = &base.list_post {
            return Some(addr.clone());
        }
        let mut candidates = compose::addresses(&base.orig_to);
        candidates.extend(compose::addresses(&base.orig_cc));
        candidates
            .into_iter()
            .find(|a| self.lists.iter().any(|m| m.is_match(a)))
    }

    /// mutt's $followup_to: mail going to a known list carries a
    /// Mail-Followup-To, so replies land on the list. Being subscribed
    /// leaves my own address out, since the list copy is the one I get.
    pub fn followup_header(&self, to: &str, cc: Option<&str>, from: &str) -> Option<String> {
        if self.lists.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        let mut rcpts = compose::addresses(to);
        rcpts.extend(compose::addresses(cc.unwrap_or_default()));
        if !rcpts
            .iter()
            .any(|a| self.lists.iter().any(|m| m.is_match(a)))
        {
            return None;
        }
        let subscribed = rcpts
            .iter()
            .any(|a| self.subscribed.iter().any(|m| m.is_match(a)));
        let value = compose::followup_to(to, cc.unwrap_or_default(), self.me(), subscribed, from);
        (!value.is_empty()).then_some(value)
    }

    /// mutt's edit_headers (default false, like mutt): whether the
    /// header block is part of the editor buffer.
    pub fn edit_headers(&self) -> bool {
        self.config.mail.edit_headers.unwrap_or(false)
    }

    /// Write a fresh draft file for the editor: the whole text (with
    /// any `my_hdr` merged in), or (with edit_headers = false) only
    /// the body, the header block withheld for draft_full to rejoin.
    pub fn stage_draft(&self, text: &str) -> Result<(PathBuf, Option<String>)> {
        // mutt's my_hdr lands here, so every draft the TUI opens
        // carries it: with edit_headers the editor shows the lines,
        // without it they ride along in the withheld head.
        let text = compose::apply_my_hdr(text, &self.config.mail.my_hdr);
        if self.edit_headers() {
            return Ok((write_draft(&text)?, None));
        }
        let (head, body) = text.split_once("\n\n").unwrap_or((text.trim_end(), ""));
        Ok((write_draft(body)?, Some(head.to_string())))
    }

    /// From line for a new draft: reverse_name picks the address the
    /// replied-to message came to; otherwise the layered identity
    /// (global, account, matching [[identities]] rules).
    pub fn compose_from(&self, base: Option<&ComposeBase>, to: &str) -> Option<String> {
        // mutt's $reverse_realname: on (the default), the address
        // comes over with the name it was addressed under; off, only
        // the address moves and the configured name stays.
        let realname = self.config.identity.reverse_realname.unwrap_or(true);
        if self.config.identity.reverse_name
            && let Some(b) = base
            && let Some(from) = compose::reverse_from(&b.orig_to, &b.orig_cc, self.me(), realname)
        {
            let rcpts = compose::addresses(to);
            return Some(match self.current_identity(&rcpts).name {
                Some(name) if !realname && !from.contains('<') => format!("{name} <{from}>"),
                _ => from,
            });
        }
        let rcpts = compose::addresses(to);
        self.current_identity(&rcpts).from_line()
    }

    pub fn forward_attaches(&self) -> bool {
        self.config.mail.forward.as_deref() == Some("attach")
    }

    /// The sent copy's default target, as the Fcc line shows it. An
    /// fcc-hook matching the draft on screen wins, so the menu shows
    /// where the copy is really going.
    /// Where the sent copy goes by default, as the Fcc line shows it.
    /// An fcc-hook matching `draft` wins, so the menu shows where the
    /// copy is really going; delivery passes None, having resolved
    /// the hook when the message was sent.
    pub fn default_fcc(&self, draft: Option<&Compose>) -> String {
        if let Some(compose) = draft
            && let Ok(full) = draft_full(compose)
            && let Some(mailbox) = self.fcc_hook_target(&full, &compose.path)
        {
            return mailbox;
        }
        match &self.imap {
            Some(imap) => format!(
                "imap:{}/{}",
                imap.facts.account.name, imap.facts.account.sent_folder
            ),
            None => self.config.mail.sent.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
        }
    }

    /// Initial security for a fresh draft, from the [pgp] config.
    pub fn default_security(&self) -> Security {
        Self::combine(
            self.config.pgp.sign_by_default,
            self.config.pgp.encrypt_by_default,
        )
    }

    fn combine(sign: bool, encrypt: bool) -> Security {
        match (sign, encrypt) {
            (true, true) => Security::Both,
            (true, false) => Security::Sign,
            (false, true) => Security::Encrypt,
            (false, false) => Security::None,
        }
    }

    /// The security a fresh draft starts with. mutt's reply-crypto:
    /// replying to a signed message can default to signed
    /// ($crypt_replysign), to an encrypted one to encrypted
    /// ($crypt_replyencrypt), and to signed-and-encrypted mail to
    /// signed too ($crypt_replysignencrypted). Detection reads the
    /// original's MIME type only, never decrypting.
    pub fn security_for(&self, kind: &ComposeKind, base: Option<&ComposeBase>) -> Security {
        let mut sign = self.config.pgp.sign_by_default;
        let mut encrypt = self.config.pgp.encrypt_by_default;
        let is_reply = matches!(
            kind,
            ComposeKind::Reply | ComposeKind::GroupReply | ComposeKind::ListReply
        );
        if is_reply
            && let Some(base) = base
            && let Ok(raw) = std::fs::read(&base.path)
        {
            let crypto = rmut_core::pgp::classify(&raw);
            if crypto.encrypted && self.config.pgp.reply_encrypt {
                encrypt = true;
            }
            if crypto.signed && self.config.pgp.reply_sign {
                sign = true;
            }
            // Signed-and-encrypted: mutt keys the sign default off a
            // separate option, since the encryption already hid the
            // signature. rmut only sees one of the two from the MIME
            // type, so this applies when the encrypted original is
            // being answered under reply_sign_encrypted.
            if crypto.encrypted && self.config.pgp.reply_sign_encrypted {
                sign = true;
            }
        }
        Self::combine(sign, encrypt)
    }

    /// Anything due in the outbox goes out; whatever still waits owns
    /// the status line, counting down.
    pub fn tick_outbox(&mut self) {
        while self.outbox.first().is_some_and(|h| h.due <= Instant::now()) {
            let held = self.outbox.remove(0);
            self.deliver(held);
        }
        if let Some(next) = self.outbox.first()
            && !self.notice().is_some_and(|n| n.is_error())
        {
            let left = next.due.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()).as_secs() + 1;
            self.note(format!("sending {} in {left}s (z cancels)", next.label));
        }
    }

    /// Send everything still waiting, on the way out: the messages
    /// were confirmed, only `z` takes one back.
    /// Send everything still waiting, on the way out: the messages
    /// were confirmed, only `z` takes one back. Trouble comes back as
    /// lines for the front end to print once the terminal is its own
    /// again, since nobody would see a message line by then.
    pub fn flush_outbox(&mut self) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut trouble = Vec::new();
        while !self.outbox.is_empty() {
            let held = self.outbox.remove(0);
            let label = held.label.clone();
            self.deliver(held);
            if let Some(err) = self.notice().filter(|n| n.is_error()).map(|n| n.text()) {
                trouble.push(format!("{label}: {err}"));
                self.clear_notice();
            }
        }
        trouble
    }

    /// Hold a sent message for its $undo_send window. It goes out on
    /// the next tick after it falls due, or when the session is
    /// flushed on the way out.
    pub fn hold_send(&mut self, held: Held) {
        self.outbox.push(held);
    }

    /// Take the newest held message back, draft and all. None when
    /// nothing was waiting.
    pub fn cancel_send(&mut self) -> bool {
        let Some(held) = self.outbox.pop() else {
            return false;
        };
        self.note(format!("send cancelled: {}", held.label));
        self.hand_back(held.state);
        true
    }

    /// Transmit a held message and keep the Fcc copy.
    /// Transmit a held message and keep the Fcc copy. A send that
    /// fails hands the draft back, for the front end to put on screen
    /// again.
    pub fn deliver(&mut self, held: Held) {
        // One connection, one conversation: whatever the tick has in
        // flight is collected first, so the answer waited for is this
        // job's own.
        self.settle();
        let Held {
            state: compose_state,
            text: final_text,
            fcc: chosen,
            ..
        } = held;
        let send_result = match self.smtp_account() {
            Some(account) => send_via_smtp(&account, &final_text),
            None => run_sendmail(
                final_text.as_bytes(),
                self.config.mail.sendmail.as_deref(),
                None,
            ),
        };
        match send_result {
            Ok(()) => {
                let mut note = String::from("message sent");
                let skip_copy = chosen.as_deref() == Some("")
                    || (chosen.is_none() && self.config.mail.copy == Some(false));
                if skip_copy {
                    // Nothing kept, on request.
                } else if let Some(fcc) = chosen
                    .as_deref()
                    .filter(|f| Some(*f) != Some(self.default_fcc(None).as_str()))
                {
                    // An explicit Fcc: a local maildir path.
                    let dir = expand_tilde(fcc);
                    let flags = maildir::Flags {
                        seen: true,
                        ..Default::default()
                    };
                    if dir.join("cur").is_dir()
                        && maildir::deliver(&dir, final_text.as_bytes(), flags).is_ok()
                    {
                        note += &format!(", copy in {fcc}");
                    } else {
                        note += &format!(", Fcc to {fcc} failed");
                    }
                } else {
                    match &mut self.imap {
                        // Fcc goes to the account's Sent folder on the
                        // server.
                        Some(imap) => match imap.blocking(Job::Append {
                            mailbox: None,
                            flags: maildir::Flags {
                                seen: true,
                                ..Default::default()
                            },
                            body: final_text.clone().into_bytes(),
                        }) {
                            Ok(Done::Folder(folder)) => note += &format!(", copy in {folder}"),
                            Ok(_) => note += ", copy in Sent",
                            Err(_) => note += ", Fcc to Sent failed",
                        },
                        None => {
                            let sent_dir = self
                                .config
                                .mail
                                .sent
                                .as_deref()
                                .map(expand_tilde)
                                .filter(|p| p.join("cur").is_dir())
                                .or_else(|| {
                                    maildir::find_special(&self.dir, &["sent", "sent-mail"])
                                });
                            match sent_dir {
                                Some(sent) => {
                                    let flags = maildir::Flags {
                                        seen: true,
                                        ..Default::default()
                                    };
                                    match maildir::deliver(&sent, final_text.as_bytes(), flags) {
                                        Ok(_) => note += ", copy in Sent",
                                        Err(_) => note += ", Fcc to Sent failed",
                                    }
                                }
                                None => note += " (no Sent maildir, no copy kept)",
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                // mutt's toggle-unlink: files marked to go, go.
                if let Ok(full) = draft_full(&compose_state) {
                    for a in compose::extract_attachments(&full).1 {
                        if a.unlink {
                            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&a.path);
                        }
                    }
                }
                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&compose_state.path);
                if let Some(src) = &compose_state.recall_source {
                    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(src);
                }
                self.note(note);
            }
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("send failed: {err:#}"));
                self.hand_back(compose_state);
            }
        }
    }

    /// neomutt's attachment reminder: does the body mention one when
    /// nothing is attached? Quoted lines and anything below a `-- `
    /// signature do not count, so a reply to "see attached" and a
    /// signature naming one are not false alarms.
    pub fn attachment_forgotten(&self, raw: &str, compose: &Compose) -> bool {
        if self.config.mail.abort_noattach.as_deref().unwrap_or("no") == "no" {
            return false;
        }
        if compose.attach.is_some() || !compose::extract_attachments(raw).1.is_empty() {
            return false;
        }
        let body = raw.split_once("\n\n").map_or("", |(_, body)| body);
        for line in body.lines() {
            if line.trim_end() == "--" || line == "-- " {
                break;
            }
            if self.quote_re.is_match(line) {
                continue;
            }
            if self.attach_re.is_match(line) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        false
    }

    /// Assemble the outgoing message from a finalized draft: `files`
    /// and the forwarded `original` first turn it into multipart/mixed,
    /// then the chosen PGP treatment wraps whatever entity resulted.
    pub fn secure_message(
        &self,
        security: Security,
        text: String,
        files: &[compose::Attachment],
        original: Option<&[u8]>,
    ) -> Result<String> {
        let cfg = &self.config.pgp;
        // Encrypt to every recipient plus the sender, so the Fcc copy
        // stays readable.
        let recipients = |text: &str| -> Result<Vec<String>> {
            let (mut rcpts, _) = compose::smtp_envelope(text)?;
            if let Some(from) = compose::from_address(text) {
                rcpts.push(from);
            }
            // mutt's crypt-hook: a recipient with a key of its own is
            // encrypted to that key id, not to its address.
            for r in &mut rcpts {
                if let Some(key) = self.crypt_key_for(r) {
                    *r = key;
                }
            }
            rcpts.sort();
            rcpts.dedup();
            Ok(rcpts)
        };
        let flowed = self.config.mail.text_flowed;
        if files.is_empty() && original.is_none() {
            return match security {
                // No MIME wrapper at all, so $text_flowed has to
                // declare the body itself.
                Security::None if flowed => Ok(compose::flow_plain(&text)),
                Security::None => Ok(text),
                Security::Sign => pgp::sign_message(cfg, &text, flowed),
                Security::Encrypt | Security::Both => pgp::encrypt_message(
                    cfg,
                    &recipients(&text)?,
                    security == Security::Both,
                    &text,
                    flowed,
                ),
            };
        }
        let (head, body) = text.split_once("\n\n").unwrap_or((text.trim_end(), ""));
        let entity = compose::mixed_entity(body, files, original, flowed)?;
        match security {
            Security::None => Ok(format!("{}\nMIME-Version: 1.0\n{entity}", head.trim_end())),
            Security::Sign => pgp::sign_entity(cfg, head, entity.as_bytes()),
            Security::Encrypt | Security::Both => pgp::encrypt_entity(
                cfg,
                &recipients(&text)?,
                security == Security::Both,
                head,
                entity.as_bytes(),
            ),
        }
    }

    pub fn postponed_dir(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        self.config
            .mail
            .postponed
            .as_deref()
            .map(expand_tilde)
            .filter(|p| p.join("cur").is_dir())
            .or_else(|| {
                maildir::find_special(&self.dir, &["drafts", "postponed", "rmut-postponed"])
            })
    }

    pub fn has_postponed(&self) -> bool {
        self.postponed_dir()
            .and_then(|d| maildir::scan(&d).ok())
            .is_some_and(|files| !files.is_empty())
    }

    /// mutt's postpone: the draft goes to the postponed maildir,
    /// headers and all, ready for a recall.
    pub fn postpone_draft(&mut self, compose_state: Compose) {
        let target = match self.postponed_dir() {
            Some(d) => Ok(d),
            None => {
                let d = self.dir.join(".rmut-postponed");
                maildir::create(&d).map(|()| d)
            }
        };
        let result = target.and_then(|dir| {
            // The full message, headers included, so the recall (and
            // the postponed picker's subject) sees them.
            let bytes = draft_full(&compose_state)?.into_bytes();
            let flags = maildir::Flags {
                draft: true,
                seen: true,
                ..Default::default()
            };
            maildir::deliver(&dir, &bytes, flags)
        });
        match result {
            Ok(path) => {
                let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&compose_state.path);
                self.note(format!("postponed to {}", path.display()));
            }
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!(
                    "postpone failed: {err:#}; draft at {}",
                    compose_state.path.display()
                ));
            }
        }
    }

    /// A postponed draft read back into a compose state, for the
    /// front end to hand to the editor. None when it cannot be read.
    pub fn recall_file(&mut self, source: PathBuf) -> Option<Compose> {
        let result = std::fs::read_to_string(&source)
            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
            .and_then(|content| self.stage_draft(&content));
        match result {
            Ok((path, hidden_head)) => Some(Compose {
                path,
                recall_source: Some(source),
                security: self.default_security(),
                attach: None,
                hidden_head,
                fcc: None,
            }),
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("cannot recall: {err:#}"));
                None
            }
        }
    }

    /// The draft's header block, wherever it currently lives.
    pub fn draft_head(&self) -> String {
        let Some(c) = &self.draft else {
            return String::new();
        };
        match &c.hidden_head {
            Some(head) => head.clone(),
            None => {
                let text = std::fs::read_to_string(&c.path).unwrap_or_default();
                match text.split_once("\n\n") {
                    Some((head, _)) => head.to_string(),
                    None => text.trim_end().to_string(),
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Rewrite the draft's header block in place (hidden or in-file).
    pub fn edit_draft_head(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&str) -> String) {
        let Some(c) = &mut self.draft else {
            return;
        };
        match &mut c.hidden_head {
            Some(head) => *head = f(head),
            None => {
                if let Ok(text) = std::fs::read_to_string(&c.path) {
                    let (head, body) = text.split_once("\n\n").unwrap_or((text.trim_end(), ""));
                    let _ = std::fs::write(&c.path, format!("{}\n\n{body}", f(head)));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Replace (or add, or with an empty value drop) one header.
    pub fn set_draft_header(&mut self, name: &str, value: &str) {
        let value = value.trim().to_string();
        let name = name.to_string();
        self.edit_draft_head(|head| {
            let mut lines: Vec<&str> = head
                .lines()
                .filter(|l| {
                    !l.split_once(':')
                        .is_some_and(|(k, _)| k.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case(&name))
                })
                .collect();
            let added = format!("{name}: {value}");
            if !value.is_empty() {
                lines.push(&added);
            }
            lines.join("\n")
        });
    }

    pub fn draft_header(&self, name: &str) -> String {
        header_value(&self.draft_head(), name).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    /// Send the draft in hand. It may need a question answered
    /// first, and if it cannot go the draft stays in hand with a
    /// request to put it back on screen.
    pub fn send_draft(&mut self) -> Option<Ask> {
        let compose_state = self.draft.take()?;
        let raw = match draft_full(&compose_state) {
            Ok(r) => r,
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("cannot read draft: {err}"));
                return None;
            }
        };
        // neomutt's $abort_noattach: the body says "attached" and
        // nothing is. Asked once per draft; an answered draft sends.
        if !mem::take(&mut self.attach_confirmed) && self.attachment_forgotten(&raw, &compose_state)
        {
            self.draft = Some(compose_state);
            match self.config.mail.abort_noattach.as_deref() {
                // neomutt's "yes" aborts outright: attach the file,
                // or take the word out of the body.
                Some("yes") => {
                    self.error("no attachment: not sent (abort_noattach); a attaches one");
                    self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
                    return None;
                }
                _ => {
                    return Some(Ask::Key {
                        label:
                            "The body mentions an attachment and none is attached. Send? (y/n): "
                                .into(),
                        what: AskKind::NoAttach,
                    });
                }
            }
        }
        // mutt's fcc-hook, evaluated on the draft as it stands after
        // the editor; an Fcc picked in the menu still wins.
        let draft_path = self
            .draft
            .as_ref()
            .map(|c| c.path.clone())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let hook_fcc = self.fcc_hook_target(&raw, &draft_path);
        let (raw, files) = compose::extract_attachments(&raw);
        let host = maildir::hostname();
        let from = self
            .current_identity(&[])
            .from_line()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| default_from(&host));
        // mutt's $hostname overrides the Message-ID host.
        let msg_host = self
            .config
            .mail
            .hostname
            .clone()
            .filter(|h| !h.trim().is_empty())
            .unwrap_or(host);
        let final_text = match compose::finalize_with(
            &raw,
            &from,
            &compose::make_message_id(&msg_host),
            &compose::rfc2822_now(),
            self.config.mail.user_agent.unwrap_or(false),
        ) {
            Ok(t) => t,
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("{err}; press e to edit"));
                self.hand_back(compose_state);
                return None;
            }
        };
        let original = match &compose_state.attach {
            Some(path) => match std::fs::read(path) {
                Ok(bytes) => Some(bytes),
                Err(err) => {
                    self.error(format!("cannot attach the original: {err}"));
                    self.hand_back(compose_state);
                    return None;
                }
            },
            None => None,
        };
        let final_text = match self.secure_message(
            compose_state.security,
            final_text,
            &files,
            original.as_deref(),
        ) {
            Ok(t) => t,
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("{err:#}; e edits, s changes security"));
                self.hand_back(compose_state);
                return None;
            }
        };
        // The menu's Fcc wins, then any fcc-hook; empty means keep no
        // copy, and $copy = no makes that the default.
        let held = Held {
            text: final_text,
            fcc: compose_state.fcc.clone().or(hook_fcc),
            label: {
                let head = raw.split_once("\n\n").map_or(raw.as_str(), |(h, _)| h);
                header_value(head, "Subject")
                    .filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty())
                    .or_else(|| header_value(head, "To"))
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "message".into())
            },
            state: compose_state,
            due: Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(self.config.mail.undo_send),
        };
        // $undo_send: the message waits, and z takes it back.
        if self.config.mail.undo_send > 0 {
            self.note(format!(
                "sending {} in {}s (z cancels)",
                held.label, self.config.mail.undo_send
            ));
            self.hold_send(held);
            return None;
        }
        self.deliver(held);
        None
    }

    /// The attachment reminder is answered for this draft: the next
    /// send goes through without asking again.
    fn confirm_attachment(&mut self) {
        self.attach_confirmed = true;
    }

    /// A draft that could not go: back in hand, and back on screen.
    fn hand_back(&mut self, draft: Compose) {
        self.draft = Some(draft);
        self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
    }

    /// The draft in hand, for a front end showing it.
    pub fn draft(&self) -> Option<&Compose> {
        self.draft.as_ref()
    }

    pub fn draft_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Compose> {
        self.draft.as_mut()
    }

    /// Take it out of the session's hands (the front end is about to
    /// edit it, postpone it, or throw it away).
    pub fn take_draft(&mut self) -> Option<Compose> {
        self.draft.take()
    }

    /// Put one back, after an editor has been over it.
    /// The editor has come back: the draft is in hand. mutt's
    /// $abort_unmodified drops it instead when the first pass changed
    /// nothing, which is what an editor quit with :q looks like from
    /// here. A re-edit from the compose menu is not a first pass and
    /// is never dropped, so a deliberate second look costs nothing.
    pub fn set_draft(&mut self, draft: Compose) {
        if let Some((path, staged)) = self.staged.take()
            && self.config.mail.abort_unmodified.unwrap_or(true)
            && path == draft.path
            && std::fs::read_to_string(&draft.path).is_ok_and(|now| now == staged)
        {
            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&draft.path);
            self.draft = None;
            self.error("aborted unmodified message");
            return;
        }
        self.draft = Some(draft);
    }

    /// The submitted d / ctrl+t edit: rewrite the k-th Attach: line
    /// with the new description or content-type.
    /// The submitted description or content-type for the k-th
    /// `Attach:` line.
    pub fn set_attach_field(&mut self, k: usize, input: &str, is_type: bool) {
        let value = input.trim().to_string();
        self.edit_draft_head(|head| {
            let mut seen = 0usize;
            head.lines()
                .map(|l| {
                    let is_attach = l
                        .split_once(':')
                        .is_some_and(|(key, _)| key.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("attach"));
                    if is_attach {
                        // Count like extract_attachments (empty-value
                        // lines don't), so k matches the menu entry.
                        let (_, mut atts) = compose::extract_attachments(l);
                        if let Some(mut a) = atts.pop() {
                            let idx = seen;
                            seen += 1;
                            if idx == k {
                                let new = (!value.is_empty()).then(|| value.clone());
                                if is_type {
                                    a.mime = new;
                                } else {
                                    a.description = new;
                                }
                                return compose::attach_line(&a);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    l.to_string()
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join("\n")
        });
    }

    /// D in the compose menu: drop the selected Attach: line (the
    /// body and a forwarded original cannot be detached).
    /// Drop the `Attach:` line the menu's `sel`-th row stands for.
    /// The k of the Attach: file a compose-menu row names, or an
    /// error when the row is the body or the forwarded original.
    pub fn attach_index(&mut self, sel: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        let fixed = 1 + usize::from(self.draft().is_some_and(|c| c.attach.is_some()));
        if sel < fixed {
            self.error("only Attach: files can be changed here");
            return None;
        }
        Some(sel - fixed)
    }

    /// The draft's Attach: files as they stand.
    pub fn attachments(&self) -> Vec<compose::Attachment> {
        self.draft()
            .and_then(|c| draft_full(c).ok())
            .map(|full| compose::extract_attachments(&full).1)
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    /// Rewrite the k-th Attach: line through `f`.
    pub fn edit_attachment(&mut self, k: usize, f: impl Fn(&mut compose::Attachment)) {
        self.edit_draft_head(|head| {
            let mut seen = 0usize;
            head.lines()
                .map(|l| {
                    let is_attach = l
                        .split_once(':')
                        .is_some_and(|(key, _)| key.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("attach"));
                    if is_attach {
                        let (_, mut atts) = compose::extract_attachments(l);
                        if let Some(mut a) = atts.pop() {
                            let idx = seen;
                            seen += 1;
                            if idx == k {
                                f(&mut a);
                                return compose::attach_line(&a);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    l.to_string()
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join("\n")
        });
    }

    /// mutt's toggle-unlink (u): the file goes once the message has
    /// been sent.
    pub fn toggle_unlink(&mut self, sel: usize) {
        let Some(k) = self.attach_index(sel) else {
            return;
        };
        self.edit_attachment(k, |a| a.unlink = !a.unlink);
        let on = self.attachments().get(k).is_some_and(|a| a.unlink);
        self.note(if on {
            "the file will be deleted after sending"
        } else {
            "the file will be kept after sending"
        });
    }

    /// mutt's toggle-disposition (Ctrl+D): inline or attachment.
    pub fn toggle_disposition(&mut self, sel: usize) {
        let Some(k) = self.attach_index(sel) else {
            return;
        };
        self.edit_attachment(k, |a| a.inline = !a.inline);
    }

    /// mutt's move-up / move-down: the k-th Attach: line swaps with
    /// its neighbour. Whether anything moved.
    pub fn move_attachment(&mut self, sel: usize, up: bool) -> bool {
        let Some(k) = self.attach_index(sel) else {
            return false;
        };
        let n = self.attachments().len();
        let other = if up {
            k.checked_sub(1)
        } else {
            (k + 1 < n).then_some(k + 1)
        };
        let Some(other) = other else { return false };
        self.edit_draft_head(|head| {
            let mut lines: Vec<String> = head.lines().map(String::from).collect();
            let attach_rows: Vec<usize> = lines
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .filter(|(_, l)| {
                    l.split_once(':')
                        .is_some_and(|(key, _)| key.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("attach"))
                })
                .map(|(i, _)| i)
                .collect();
            if let (Some(&a), Some(&b)) = (attach_rows.get(k), attach_rows.get(other)) {
                lines.swap(a, b);
            }
            lines.join("\n")
        });
        true
    }

    /// One more Attach: line on the draft, wherever its head lives.
    fn push_attach_line(&mut self, line: &str) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        let Some(c) = self.draft_mut() else {
            return Ok(());
        };
        match &mut c.hidden_head {
            Some(head) => {
                *head = format!("{}\n{line}", head.trim_end());
                Ok(())
            }
            None => std::fs::read_to_string(&c.path).and_then(|text| {
                let updated = match text.split_once("\n\n") {
                    Some((head, body)) => format!("{head}\n{line}\n\n{body}"),
                    None => format!("{}\n{line}\n", text.trim_end()),
                };
                std::fs::write(&c.path, updated)
            }),
        }
    }

    /// mutt's attach-message (A): mutt opens a mailbox and has you
    /// tag messages in it; rmut takes the tagged messages of the open
    /// mailbox (the one under the cursor when none is tagged), each
    /// as a message/rfc822 part, inline as mutt makes them. A
    /// header-only IMAP cache file is refused: open it first.
    pub fn attach_messages(&mut self) {
        if self.draft().is_none() {
            return;
        }
        let tagged = self.msgs.iter().any(|m| m.env.tagged);
        let paths = self.target_paths(tagged);
        let mut attached = 0usize;
        for path in paths {
            if remote::is_partial(&path) {
                self.error(format!(
                    "{} is not fetched yet: open it first",
                    path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()).unwrap_or("?")
                ));
                continue;
            }
            let mut a = compose::Attachment::of(path);
            a.mime = Some("message/rfc822".into());
            a.inline = true;
            let line = compose::attach_line(&a);
            match self.push_attach_line(&line) {
                Ok(()) => attached += 1,
                Err(err) => self.error(format!("cannot attach: {err}")),
            }
        }
        if attached > 0 {
            self.note(format!("attached {attached} message(s)"));
        }
        self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
    }

    /// mutt's new-mime, both halves answered: the file exists (made
    /// empty when it did not), is attached under the type given, and
    /// goes to the editor.
    pub fn new_mime(&mut self, path: &str, mime: &str) {
        if mime.is_empty() {
            self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
            return;
        }
        if !mime.contains('/') || mime.starts_with('/') || mime.ends_with('/') {
            self.error("Content-Type is of the form base/sub");
            self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
            return;
        }
        let file = expand_tilde(path);
        if !file.exists()
            && let Err(err) = std::fs::write(&file, b"")
        {
            self.error(format!("cannot create {}: {err}", file.display()));
            self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
            return;
        }
        let mut a = compose::Attachment::of(file.clone());
        a.mime = Some(mime.to_string());
        let line = compose::attach_line(&a);
        if let Err(err) = self.push_attach_line(&line) {
            self.error(format!("cannot attach: {err}"));
        } else {
            self.requests.push(Request::EditFile(file));
        }
        self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
    }

    /// mutt's ispell (i): the command that spell-checks the draft on
    /// the real terminal, `$ispell -x FILE`.
    pub fn ispell_command(&self) -> Option<String> {
        let path = self.draft()?.path.display().to_string();
        let ispell = self.config.mail.ispell.as_deref().unwrap_or("ispell");
        Some(format!("{ispell} -x '{}'", path.replace('\'', "'\\''")))
    }

    /// The message as it would go out: headers finalized, attachments
    /// and the forwarded original assembled, security applied.
    fn outgoing_text(&self, c: &Compose) -> Result<String> {
        let raw = draft_full(c).context("reading the draft")?;
        let (raw, files) = compose::extract_attachments(&raw);
        let host = maildir::hostname();
        let from = self
            .current_identity(&[])
            .from_line()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| default_from(&host));
        let msg_host = self
            .config
            .mail
            .hostname
            .clone()
            .filter(|h| !h.trim().is_empty())
            .unwrap_or(host);
        let text = compose::finalize_with(
            &raw,
            &from,
            &compose::make_message_id(&msg_host),
            &compose::rfc2822_now(),
            self.config.mail.user_agent.unwrap_or(false),
        )
        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?;
        let original = match &c.attach {
            Some(path) => Some(std::fs::read(path).context("reading the original")?),
            None => None,
        };
        self.secure_message(c.security, text, &files, original.as_deref())
    }

    /// mutt's write-fcc (w): the message as it stands into a mailbox
    /// (a local maildir, or a folder of the open IMAP account), not
    /// sent, the draft untouched.
    pub fn write_draft_to(&mut self, mailbox: &str) {
        let Some(c) = self.draft() else { return };
        let text = match self.outgoing_text(c) {
            Ok(t) => t,
            Err(err) => {
                self.error(format!("cannot write the message: {err:#}"));
                return;
            }
        };
        let flags = maildir::Flags {
            seen: true,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        match remote::parse_spec(mailbox) {
            Some((account, folder)) => {
                let Some(imap) = self
                    .imap
                    .as_mut()
                    .filter(|i| i.facts.account.name == account)
                else {
                    self.error("write-fcc to IMAP needs a folder of the open account");
                    return;
                };
                match imap.blocking(Job::Append {
                    mailbox: Some(folder.to_string()),
                    flags,
                    body: text.into_bytes(),
                }) {
                    Ok(_) => self.note(format!("Message written to {mailbox}.")),
                    Err(err) => self.error(format!("write failed: {err:#}")),
                }
            }
            None => {
                let dir = expand_tilde(mailbox);
                if !dir.join("cur").is_dir() {
                    self.error(format!("{mailbox} is not a maildir"));
                    return;
                }
                match maildir::deliver(&dir, text.as_bytes(), flags) {
                    Ok(_) => self.note(format!("Message written to {mailbox}.")),
                    Err(err) => self.error(format!("write failed: {err:#}")),
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn detach(&mut self, sel: usize) {
        let fixed = 1 + usize::from(self.draft().is_some_and(|c| c.attach.is_some()));
        if sel < fixed {
            self.error("only Attach: files can be detached");
            return;
        }
        let k = sel - fixed;
        self.edit_draft_head(|head| {
            let mut seen = 0usize;
            head.lines()
                .filter(|l| {
                    let is_attach = l
                        .split_once(':')
                        .is_some_and(|(key, _)| key.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("attach"));
                    if is_attach {
                        seen += 1;
                        seen - 1 != k
                    } else {
                        true
                    }
                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join("\n")
        });
    }

    /// Add an `Attach:` line to the draft's header block without a
    /// trip through the editor (send prompt `a`).
    /// A file added to the draft as an `Attach:` line.
    pub fn attach_file(&mut self, input: &str) {
        let input = input.trim();
        if !input.is_empty() {
            if !expand_tilde(input).is_file() {
                self.error(format!("{input} is not a file"));
            } else if let Some(c) = self.draft_mut() {
                // Quote paths with spaces the way extract_attachments
                // reads them back.
                let value = if input.contains(char::is_whitespace) && !input.starts_with('"') {
                    format!("\"{input}\"")
                } else {
                    input.to_string()
                };
                let result = match &mut c.hidden_head {
                    // Withheld headers: the Attach: line joins them.
                    Some(head) => {
                        *head = format!("{}\nAttach: {value}", head.trim_end());
                        Ok(())
                    }
                    None => std::fs::read_to_string(&c.path).and_then(|text| {
                        let updated = match text.split_once("\n\n") {
                            Some((head, body)) => format!("{head}\nAttach: {value}\n\n{body}"),
                            None => format!("{}\nAttach: {value}\n", text.trim_end()),
                        };
                        std::fs::write(&c.path, updated)
                    }),
                };
                if let Err(err) = result {
                    self.error(format!("cannot attach: {err}"));
                }
            }
        }
        self.requests.push(Request::ShowDraft);
    }

    pub fn error(&mut self, msg: impl Into<String>) {
        self.notify(Notice::Error(msg.into()));
    }

    /// Something worth saying that is not a complaint.
    pub fn note(&mut self, msg: impl Into<String>) {
        self.notify(Notice::Info(msg.into()));
    }

    /// Emit, and ring the bell on an error if the user wants one.
    /// The bell belongs to the front end, not to the notice: $beep
    /// can be set from a command mid-session, so it is read here
    /// rather than remembered by the sink.
    fn notify(&mut self, notice: Notice) {
        if let Notice::Error(text) = &notice {
            let keep = self.config.ui.error_history;
            self.error_history.push_back(text.clone());
            while self.error_history.len() > keep {
                self.error_history.pop_front();
            }
        }
        // mutt's $beep_new rings for an arrival the same way $beep
        // rings for a complaint, and is off by default.
        if (notice.is_error() && self.config.ui.beep)
            || (notice.is_new_mail() && self.config.ui.beep_new)
        {
            use std::io::Write as _;
            let mut out = std::io::stdout();
            let _ = out.write_all(b"\x07");
            let _ = out.flush();
        }
        self.notices.notice(notice);
    }

    /// The last thing said, for the message line and for the callers
    /// that only speak up when nothing else has.
    pub fn notice(&self) -> Option<&Notice> {
        self.notices.latest()
    }
}

/// Sort key for subjects: case-insensitive, Re:/Fwd: prefixes stripped.
fn subject_key(subject: &str) -> String {
    let mut key = subject.trim().to_lowercase();
    loop {
        let stripped = key
            .strip_prefix("re:")
            .or_else(|| key.strip_prefix("fwd:"))
            .or_else(|| key.strip_prefix("fw:"))
            .map(|rest| rest.trim_start().to_string());
        match stripped {
            Some(next) => key = next,
            None => break,
        }
    }
    key
}

/// "[reverse-]date|from|subject|size|threads" from the config.
pub fn parse_sort(spec: &str) -> Option<(SortKey, bool)> {
    let (rev, name) = match spec.strip_prefix("reverse-") {
        Some(rest) => (true, rest),
        None => (false, spec),
    };
    let key = match name {
        "date" | "date-sent" | "date-received" => SortKey::Date,
        "from" => SortKey::From,
        "subject" => SortKey::Subject,
        "size" => SortKey::Size,
        "threads" => SortKey::Threads,
        "label" => SortKey::Label,
        "to" => SortKey::To,
        "unsorted" | "mailbox-order" => SortKey::Unsorted,
        _ => return None,
    };
    // Thread sort has no reverse variant.
    Some((key, rev && key != SortKey::Threads))
}

impl pattern::EnvSource for Session {
    fn envelope(&self, i: usize) -> Option<&Envelope> {
        self.msgs.get(i).map(|m| &m.env)
    }
}

fn dir_mtimes(dir: &Path) -> (Option<SystemTime>, Option<SystemTime>) {
    let mtime = |p: PathBuf| p.metadata().and_then(|m| m.modified()).ok();
    (mtime(dir.join("new")), mtime(dir.join("cur")))
}

/// Run the account's password command once per session. OAuth tokens
/// expire, so those are fetched fresh for every connection instead.
pub fn account_password(account: &Account) -> Result<String> {
    if !matches!(account.auth_kind()?, rmut_core::config::AuthKind::Password) {
        return account.secret();
    }
    static CACHE: Mutex<Option<HashMap<String, String>>> = Mutex::new(None);
    let mut cache = CACHE.lock().unwrap();
    let map = cache.get_or_insert_with(HashMap::new);
    if let Some(password) = map.get(&account.name) {
        return Ok(password.clone());
    }
    let password = account.password()?;
    map.insert(account.name.clone(), password.clone());
    Ok(password)
}

/// Visit order for a wrapping scan over `n` entries starting after
/// (before, when backwards) `sel`: each index paired with a flag set
/// once the walk passed the end (start). The starting index comes
/// last, so a lone match under the cursor still counts as a wrap.
pub fn wrap_order(n: usize, sel: usize, forward: bool) -> Vec<(usize, bool)> {
    (1..=n)
        .map(|step| {
            if forward {
                ((sel + step) % n, sel + step >= n)
            } else {
                ((sel + n - (step % n)) % n, step > sel)
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

/// A path with a leading `~` expanded, as mutt does everywhere it
/// takes one.
/// mutt's $sort_browser over browser entries of (spec, new count):
/// alpha (the default), count / unread (by the count), date (by the
/// maildir's change time; IMAP folders have none and sort first),
/// unsorted (as given), with a "reverse-" prefix flipping any. size
/// reads as alpha: a maildir's size is not worth a walk.
pub fn sort_browser(dirs: &mut [(String, usize)], how: Option<&str>) {
    let how = how.unwrap_or("alpha");
    let (reverse, key) = match how.strip_prefix("reverse-") {
        Some(key) => (true, key),
        None => (false, how),
    };
    match key {
        "unsorted" => {}
        "count" | "unread" => dirs.sort_by_key(|(_, count)| *count),
        "date" => dirs.sort_by_cached_key(|(spec, _)| {
            if spec.starts_with("imap:") {
                return std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
            }
            let dir = expand_tilde(spec);
            ["new", "cur"]
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|sub| std::fs::metadata(dir.join(sub)).ok())
                .filter_map(|m| m.modified().ok())
                .max()
                .unwrap_or(std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
        }),
        _ => dirs.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0)),
    }
    if reverse {
        dirs.reverse();
    }
}

pub fn expand_tilde(input: &str) -> PathBuf {
    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("~/")
        && let Ok(home) = std::env::var("HOME")
    {
        return Path::new(&home).join(rest);
    }
    PathBuf::from(input)
}

pub fn send_via_smtp(account: &Account, text: &str) -> Result<()> {
    let from = compose::from_address(text).context("cannot parse the From address")?;
    let (rcpts, text) = compose::smtp_envelope(text)?;
    anyhow::ensure!(!rcpts.is_empty(), "no recipient addresses");
    let password = account_password(account)?;
    smtp::send(account, &password, &from, &rcpts, text.as_bytes())
}

/// Run a shell command with `bytes` on its stdin.
pub fn pipe_to(command: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
    let mut child = Command::new("sh")
        .arg("-c")
        .arg(command)
        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
        .stdout(Stdio::null())
        .stderr(Stdio::null())
        .spawn()
        .with_context(|| format!("running {command}"))?;
    // A command that ignores stdin and exits (grep -q, printf) can
    // close the pipe before we finish writing; that BrokenPipe is not
    // a failure, so let the exit status be the verdict.
    {
        let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().context("no stdin on the child")?;
        if let Err(err) = stdin.write_all(bytes)
            && err.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe
        {
            return Err(err.into());
        }
    }
    let status = child.wait()?;
    anyhow::ensure!(status.success(), "{command} exited with {status}");
    Ok(())
}

/// With `rcpts` the addresses go on the command line (a bounce keeps
/// its Resent-To out of -t's reach); otherwise -t reads To/Cc/Bcc.
pub fn run_sendmail(
    bytes: &[u8],
    configured: Option<&str>,
    rcpts: Option<&[String]>,
) -> Result<()> {
    let command = std::env::var("RMUT_SENDMAIL")
        .ok()
        .or_else(|| configured.map(String::from));
    let (prog, mut args) = match command {
        Some(v) => {
            let mut it = v.split_whitespace().map(String::from);
            let p = it.next().context("sendmail command is empty")?;
            (p, it.collect::<Vec<_>>())
        }
        None => {
            let p = if Path::new("/usr/sbin/sendmail").exists() {
                "/usr/sbin/sendmail".to_string()
            } else {
                "sendmail".to_string()
            };
            (p, Vec::new())
        }
    };
    match rcpts {
        Some(rcpts) => {
            args.push("-oi".into());
            args.extend(rcpts.iter().cloned());
        }
        None => args.extend(["-t".into(), "-oi".into()]),
    }
    let mut child = Command::new(&prog)
        .args(&args)
        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
        .stdout(Stdio::null())
        .stderr(Stdio::null())
        .spawn()
        .with_context(|| format!("running {prog}"))?;
    child
        .stdin
        .take()
        .context("no stdin on sendmail child")?
        .write_all(bytes)?;
    let status = child.wait()?;
    anyhow::ensure!(status.success(), "{prog} exited with {status}");
    Ok(())
}

pub fn default_from(hostname: &str) -> String {
    if let Ok(email) = std::env::var("EMAIL") {
        return email;
    }
    let user = std::env::var("USER").unwrap_or_else(|_| "user".into());
    format!("{user}@{hostname}")
}

/// neomutt's $abort_noattach_regex default: the words that make a
/// draft look like it should have carried a file.
const DEFAULT_ATTACH_KEYWORD: &str = r"\b(attach|attached|attaching|attachment|attachments)\b";

/// mutt's $abort_noattach_regex, compiled; a bad one warns and the
/// default stands.
fn attach_re_from_config(config: &Config, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) -> regex_lite::Regex {
    let spec = config
        .mail
        .attach_keyword
        .clone()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| DEFAULT_ATTACH_KEYWORD.to_string());
    match regex_lite::Regex::new(&format!("(?i){spec}")) {
        Ok(re) => re,
        Err(err) => {
            warnings.push(format!("bad attach_keyword {spec:?}: {err}"));
            default_attach_re()
        }
    }
}

fn default_attach_re() -> regex_lite::Regex {
    regex_lite::Regex::new(&format!("(?i){DEFAULT_ATTACH_KEYWORD}")).expect("the default compiles")
}

/// mutt's $reply_regexp, compiled; a bad one warns and the default
/// stands in.
fn reply_re_from_config(config: &Config, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) -> regex_lite::Regex {
    match &config.mail.reply_regexp {
        Some(spec) => match compose::reply_regexp(spec) {
            Ok(re) => re,
            Err(err) => {
                warnings.push(format!("bad reply_regexp {spec:?}: {err}"));
                compose::default_reply_regexp()
            }
        },
        None => compose::default_reply_regexp(),
    }
}

/// mutt's $quote_regexp, compiled; a bad one warns and the default
/// stands.
fn quote_re_from_config(config: &Config, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) -> regex_lite::Regex {
    match &config.pager.quote_regexp {
        Some(spec) => match regex_lite::Regex::new(spec) {
            Ok(re) => re,
            Err(err) => {
                warnings.push(format!("bad quote_regexp {spec:?}: {err}"));
                default_quote_re()
            }
        },
        None => default_quote_re(),
    }
}

/// What the pager needs from the config: the header rules and the
/// auto_view filter table.
fn display_from_config(config: &Config) -> message::Display {
    // [pager] ignore/unignore/hdr_order override the classic
    // five-header view field by field; entries are lowercased and
    // hdr_order accepts mutt's trailing colons.
    let mut rules = message::HeaderRules::default();
    let clean = |list: &Vec<String>| {
        list.iter()
            .map(|n| n.trim_end_matches(':').to_lowercase())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };
    if let Some(list) = &config.pager.ignore {
        rules.ignore = clean(list);
    }
    if let Some(list) = &config.pager.unignore {
        rules.unignore = clean(list);
    }
    if let Some(list) = &config.pager.hdr_order {
        rules.order = clean(list);
    }
    // auto_view types with no command of their own take one from
    // mailcap, where mutt looks too; a type with no copiousoutput
    // entry there simply does not autoview, and shows as an
    // attachment stub.
    let mut filters: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
    let mut mailcap: Option<Vec<rmut_core::mailcap::Entry>> = None;
    for (mimetype, command) in &config.filters {
        let mimetype = mimetype.to_lowercase();
        if !command.trim().is_empty() {
            filters.insert(mimetype, command.clone());
            continue;
        }
        let entries = mailcap.get_or_insert_with(rmut_core::mailcap::load);
        if let Some(command) = rmut_core::mailcap::command_for(entries, &mimetype) {
            filters.insert(mimetype, command);
        }
    }
    message::Display {
        filters,
        rules,
        reflow: config.pager.reflow_text.unwrap_or(true),
        alternative_order: config
            .pager
            .alternative_order
            .iter()
            .map(|t| t.to_lowercase())
            .collect(),
        html_to_text: config.pager.html.as_deref() != Some("raw"),
    }
}

/// Compile a hook table, dropping (with a warning) any entry whose
/// pattern does not parse or whose value is empty.
fn compile_hooks<'a>(
    what: &str,
    entries: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a String, &'a String)>,
    warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
) -> Vec<Hook> {
    let mut out = Vec::new();
    for (spec, value) in entries {
        if value.trim().is_empty() {
            warnings.push(format!("{what} {spec:?} has nothing to do"));
            continue;
        }
        match pattern::parse(spec) {
            Ok(patterns) => out.push(Hook {
                patterns,
                value: value.clone(),
            }),
            Err(err) => warnings.push(format!("bad {what} pattern {spec:?}: {err}")),
        }
    }
    out
}

/// First value of a (single-line) header in a draft head block.
pub fn header_value(head: &str, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
    head.lines().find_map(|l| {
        let (k, v) = l.split_once(':')?;
        k.trim()
            .eq_ignore_ascii_case(name)
            .then(|| v.trim().to_string())
    })
}

/// The draft as a full message: the file as edited, with any withheld
/// header block put back in front.
pub fn draft_full(c: &Compose) -> std::io::Result<String> {
    let text = std::fs::read_to_string(&c.path)?;
    Ok(match &c.hidden_head {
        Some(head) => format!("{}\n\n{}", head.trim_end(), text),
        None => text,
    })
}

/// mutt's $quote_regexp default.
pub fn default_quote_re() -> regex_lite::Regex {
    regex_lite::Regex::new(r"^([ \t]*[|>:}#])+").expect("default quote_regexp compiles")
}

pub fn write_draft(text: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
    static COUNTER: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
    let path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
        "rmut-draft-{}-{}.eml",
        std::process::id(),
        COUNTER.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed),
    ));
    std::fs::write(&path, text).with_context(|| format!("writing {}", path.display()))?;
    Ok(path)
}