repame_sprite/

lib.rs

//! 2D sprite viewport: snapshot in, pixels out.
//!
//! The UI builds a [`FrameInput`] per frame (plain data, rebuilt
//! during composition) and mounts [`Viewport2d`] as a Repose view, which
//! draws the snapshot through a dp-space [`FitMode`] and reports pointer
//! picks back in world coords. Unit discipline lives here, once:
//! games work in world/dp units and do not touch physical px.
//! Camera state lives in Repose signals, not in the renderer.

use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

use glam::{Mat4, Vec2, Vec3};
use repose_canvas::{Canvas, DrawScope, Embedded};
use repose_core::locals::effective_density_scale;
use repose_core::{Color, Dp, Modifier, Px, Rect, View};
use repose_render_wgpu::{
    Callback, CallbackRenderPass, CallbackResources, ScreenDescriptor, WgpuCallback,
};
use repose_ui::Box as UiBox;
use repose_ui::ViewExt;

pub mod batch;
pub use batch::{
    AtlasUpload, BatchDesc, SpriteBatch, TextureFilter, draw_batch, draw_batch_with_id, frame_uv,
    instance_rows, screen_camera, sprite_aabb,
};

pub mod fullscreen;
pub use fullscreen::{
    FullscreenDesc, FullscreenPass, FullscreenTexture, FullscreenTextureRef,
    FullscreenTextureUpload,
};

pub mod light2d;
pub use light2d::{Light2d, LightStop, Occluder2d, angular_shadow_map};

pub mod post;

pub mod sprite_image;
pub use sprite_image::{
    SpriteImage, SpriteImageAsset, SpriteImageDef, SpriteImageError, SpriteImageFrameDef,
};

/// How the world rect is framed when the canvas aspect differs from
/// `world_size`. Named like Godot's `Window.stretch/aspect.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum FitMode {
    #[default]
    Keep,
    /// Same scale, world rect anchored at the canvas
    /// origin, so the roomier axis reveals world past `world_size` and
    /// the roomier side of the canvas is not wasted on bars.
    Expand,
}

/// 2D orthographic camera. Owned by the UI (signals), copied into the
/// snapshot per frame. `effective_center` is `center + offset`.
/// Canvas, GPU batch, and picks derive from these fields together.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct Camera2d {
    /// Follow target in world units. Defaults to `(0, 0)`.
    /// Scroll limits clamp this field; shake goes in `offset`.
    pub center: Vec2,
    /// Momentary displacement added to `center`. Defaults to `(0, 0)`.
    /// Applied after scroll limits; game code decays it toward zero.
    pub offset: Vec2,
    /// World units per screen pixel at zoom 1. Defaults to `1.0`.
    /// Visible width is `viewport_dp * units_per_pixel / zoom`.
    /// Non-positive values fall back to `1.0` (guards division).
    pub units_per_pixel: f32,
    /// Magnification. Defaults to `1.0`; higher zooms in.
    /// Non-positive values fall back to `1.0`.
    pub zoom: f32,
    /// Roll in radians about the look point. Defaults to `0.0`.
    /// Applied on canvas, GPU, picks, and actor surfaces alike.
    pub roll: f32,
    /// Aspect-fit policy when the canvas and `world_size` disagree.
    /// Defaults to [`FitMode::Keep`].
    pub fit: FitMode,
}

impl Default for Camera2d {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            center: Vec2::ZERO,
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        }
    }
}

/// Scroll limits and follow smoothing live in `game_utils_repame::feel`.
/// They run game-side when producing the snapshot; this crate only
impl Camera2d {
    /// Effective look point: `center + offset`.
    /// Canvas, GPU batch, picks, and actor surfaces all use this value.
    pub fn effective_center(&self) -> [f32; 2] {
        [self.center.x + self.offset.x, self.center.y + self.offset.y]
    }

    /// Framing matrix used by GPU + picks. Prefer this over raw ortho.
    /// Includes [`roll`](Camera2d::roll) around the look point.
    pub fn fit_matrix(&self, canvas_dp: [f32; 2], world_size: [f32; 2]) -> Mat4 {
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, self);
        fit_view_proj_with_roll(
            canvas_dp,
            world_size,
            self.effective_center(),
            fit,
            self.roll,
        )
    }

    /// World point under a dp-space cursor (density divided out).
    /// Includes roll.
    pub fn dp_to_world_pt(&self, canvas_dp: [f32; 2], world_size: [f32; 2], dp: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2 {
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, self);
        let w = dp_to_world_with_roll(dp, world_size, self.effective_center(), fit, self.roll);
        Vec2::new(w[0], w[1])
    }

    /// Raw ortho ignoring contain-fit letterbox. Kept for HUD overlays in
    /// screen space; viewport code must use [`fit_matrix`](Camera2d::fit_matrix).
    pub fn view_proj_screen(&self, viewport_px: [f32; 2]) -> Mat4 {
        let vp_w = viewport_px[0].max(1.0);
        let vp_h = viewport_px[1].max(1.0);
        let zoom = sane_positive(self.zoom);
        let upp = sane_positive(self.units_per_pixel);
        let w = vp_w * upp / zoom;
        let h = vp_h * upp / zoom;
        let proj = glam::camera::rh::proj::directx::orthographic(
            -w / 2.0,
            w / 2.0,
            h / 2.0,
            -h / 2.0,
            -1000.0,
            1000.0,
        );
        let view = Mat4::from_translation(Vec3::new(
            -(self.center.x + self.offset.x),
            -(self.center.y + self.offset.y),
            0.0,
        ));
        proj * view
    }

    /// Legacy y-down view-projection: world +y points screen-down.
    /// Frames from `viewport * units_per_pixel / zoom` and ignores
    /// `world_size`, so it disagrees with canvas, GPU, and picks
    /// under letterbox. Viewport code must use [`fit_view_proj`].
    #[deprecated(
        since = "0.1.8",
        note = "ignores world_size; use fit_view_proj for the shared canvas/GPU/pick framing contract"
    )]
    pub fn view_proj(&self, viewport_px: [f32; 2]) -> Mat4 {
        self.view_proj_screen(viewport_px)
    }

    /// Legacy position under a viewport-pixel cursor.
    /// Inverts `view_proj` with the same letterbox divergence.
    /// Picks must use [`pick_world`] over the painted [`FrameGeom`].
    #[deprecated(
        since = "0.1.8",
        note = "ignores world_size; use pick_world over the painted FrameGeom instead"
    )]
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    pub fn screen_to_world(&self, viewport_px: [f32; 2], px: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2 {
        if viewport_px[0] <= 0.0 || viewport_px[1] <= 0.0 {
            let [cx, cy] = self.effective_center();
            return Vec2::new(cx, cy);
        }
        let ndc = Vec2::new(
            (px[0] / viewport_px[0]) * 2.0 - 1.0,
            1.0 - (px[1] / viewport_px[1]) * 2.0,
        );
        let inv = self.view_proj(viewport_px).inverse();
        let world = inv.project_point3(ndc.extend(0.0));
        Vec2::new(world.x, world.y)
    }
}

/// Blend mode per sprite. Additive uses `SrcAlpha + One`.
/// Sorted into ranges (alpha, then multiply, then additive): push order
/// across blend modes is NOT preserved, see the batch module docs.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum SpriteBlend {
    #[default]
    Alpha,
    Additive,
    Multiply,
}

/// One batched sprite. `uv` is in atlas texels normalized to 0..1.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct SpriteInstance {
    /// World-space center, rotation radians, size in world units.
    pub center: Vec2,
    pub rotation: f32,
    pub size: Vec2,
    /// Normalized anchor: `[0.5, 0.5]` centers the quad on `center`,
    /// `[0, 0]` pins the top-left corner. Y-down.
    pub anchor: Vec2,
    /// Mirror about the anchor axes. Canvas fills are flip-invariant;
    /// the GPU batch mirrors geometry (UVs untouched).
    pub flip_x: bool,
    pub flip_y: bool,
    pub uv_min: Vec2,
    pub uv_max: Vec2,
    /// RGBA tint, `(c * 255) as u8` per channel.
    pub color: [f32; 4],
    /// Atlas page index for multi-texture batches.
    pub page: u32,
    /// Draw key within one blend range; higher draws on top. Default 0.
    /// Stable-sorted by `z` inside the range, but blend ranges draw
    /// alpha-then-multiply-then-additive regardless of `z` (see
    /// [`SpriteBlend`]).
    pub z: f32,
    pub blend: SpriteBlend,
}

impl Default for SpriteInstance {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            center: Vec2::ZERO,
            rotation: 0.0,
            size: Vec2::ONE,
            anchor: Vec2::new(0.5, 0.5),
            flip_x: false,
            flip_y: false,
            uv_min: Vec2::ZERO,
            uv_max: Vec2::ONE,
            color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
            page: 0,
            z: 0.0,
            blend: SpriteBlend::Alpha,
        }
    }
}

/// World-anchored text floater (damage numbers, `+25`).
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct WorldText {
    pub text: String,
    /// World-space anchor.
    pub pos: Vec2,
    /// RGBA, `(c * 255) as u8` per channel.
    pub color: [f32; 4],
    /// Font size in world units.
    pub size: f32,
}

/// Everything the viewport draws this frame. Plain snapshot data.
///
/// Framing contract: canvas, GPU, and picks all derive from `world_size`
/// + `cam` through [`effective_fit`] / [`fit_view_proj`] / [`world_to_dp`].
#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
pub struct FrameInput {
    pub cam: Camera2d,
    /// World-space extent the contain-fit maps into the viewport.
    pub world_size: [f32; 2],
    /// Cold-start viewport size in dp (physical px / density), used for
    /// the GPU camera until the first painted [`FrameGeom`] arrives.
    /// Divide physical px by density before storing here.
    pub viewport_dp: [f32; 2],
    pub sprites: Vec<SpriteInstance>,
    /// World-anchored text, drawn after the sprite pass on canvas.
    /// GPU viewports ignore this field; compose texts as sibling views.
    pub texts: Vec<WorldText>,
    /// Full-viewport fill under everything (letterbox included).
    pub background: Option<[f32; 4]>,
    /// Optional fullscreen tint, applied after the sprite pass on
    /// canvas and GPU (`(c * 255) as u8` per channel, alpha-blended).
    pub overlay_color: Option<[f32; 4]>,
    /// Chromatic aberration amount. GPU renders offscreen and composites
    /// back with an RGB split; `0.0` draws the batch into the main pass.
    /// Canvas ignores it (vector path has no pixels to sample).
    pub chroma: f32,
    /// GPU point lights (first four are shaded). Empty (default) =
    /// lighting off, zero cost, the composite stays off. GPU-only: the
    /// canvas [`Viewport2d`] path draws as if unlit (same limitation as
    /// [`chroma`](FrameInput::chroma)).
    pub lights: Vec<Light2d>,
    /// World rects casting shadows from [`lights`](FrameInput::lights).
    /// Empty (default) = no shadows, no occluder culling work.
    pub occluders: std::sync::Arc<[Occluder2d]>,
    /// CanvasModulate-style multiplicative ambient light floor, used
    /// only while `lights` is non-empty: unlit areas fall to it, and
    /// `None` (default) floors them at black. GPU-only, like
    /// [`chroma`](FrameInput::chroma).
    pub ambient: Option<[f32; 3]>,
}

/// UI-facing pointer events from the viewport.
/// `Click` fires on pointer up when the press started inside and the
/// pointer stayed within slop. `Press` is the down-edge.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum PickEvent {
    Press {
        world: Vec2,
        screen: [f32; 2],
        button: repose_core::input::PointerButton,
    },
    Click {
        world: Vec2,
        screen: [f32; 2],
        button: repose_core::input::PointerButton,
    },
    Hover {
        world: Vec2,
        /// Window-physical px (y-down), same space as `Press.screen`.
        /// Games stage this raw and unproject through the live camera
        /// each frame (screen-anchored aim); the `world` point is baked
        /// through the camera at event time and goes stale as the
        /// camera moves.
        screen: [f32; 2],
    },
    /// Touch/pen contact began: pointer id + window-physical px.
    /// Mouse does not emit these; taps still emit `Click` too.
    TouchDown { id: u64, screen: [f32; 2] },
    /// Touch/pen contact moved (same coordinate space as `TouchDown`).
    TouchMove { id: u64, screen: [f32; 2] },
    /// Touch/pen contact ended (up / leave).
    TouchUp { id: u64 },
}

/// Touch/pen pointers drive game touch zones;
/// mouse stays on the click/hover path.
/// All `screen` fields below are window-physical px (y-down)
/// (`position_in_window`): region-local `position` would offset picks
/// by the region origin on any non-fullscreen viewport.
fn is_touch(ev: &repose_core::input::PointerEvent) -> bool {
    matches!(
        ev.kind,
        repose_core::input::PointerKind::Touch | repose_core::input::PointerKind::Pen
    )
}

/// Window-physical px (y-down) for touch-zone sampling.
fn screen_of(ev: &repose_core::input::PointerEvent) -> [f32; 2] {
    let p = ev.position_in_window();
    [p.x, p.y]
}

/// Button carried by a down/up pointer event; move/hover/leave have no
/// button, so they report Primary (callers ignore it there).
fn button_of(ev: &repose_core::input::PointerEvent) -> repose_core::input::PointerButton {
    match ev.event {
        repose_core::input::PointerEventKind::Down(b)
        | repose_core::input::PointerEventKind::Up(b) => b,
        _ => repose_core::input::PointerButton::Primary,
    }
}

/// Clamp helper: finite positive values pass through, the rest fall
/// back to 1.0 so framing math holds a valid divisor.
fn sane_positive(v: f32) -> f32 {
    if v.is_finite() && v > 1e-6 { v } else { 1.0 }
}

/// Scissor (x, y, w, h) bounding the contain-fit world box inside a
/// callback's viewport, or `None` when the box covers the viewport and
/// clipping would be a no-op.
fn fitted_box_scissor(
    info: &repose_core::PaintCallbackInfo,
    world: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    roll: f32,
) -> Option<(u32, u32, u32, u32)> {
    fitted_box_scissor_in(
        world,
        fit,
        roll,
        info.pixels_per_point,
        [info.viewport.x, info.viewport.y],
        [
            info.clip_rect.x,
            info.clip_rect.y,
            info.clip_rect.w,
            info.clip_rect.h,
        ],
    )
}

/// [`fitted_box_scissor`] in explicit render-target coordinates: `origin`
/// is the viewport origin and `clip` is `x, y, w, h`, both in the target
/// the scissor is set on. The offscreen composite pass has no
/// `PaintCallbackInfo`, so it passes its own texture rect here.
fn fitted_box_scissor_in(
    world: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    roll: f32,
    density: f32,
    origin: [f32; 2],
    clip: [f32; 4],
) -> Option<(u32, u32, u32, u32)> {
    let d = if density.is_finite() && density > 1e-6 {
        density
    } else {
        1.0
    };
    let (s, ox, oy) = fit;
    if !(s.is_finite() && s > 1e-6) {
        return None;
    }
    // `fit`'s offsets are dp inside the callback rect, so the box in
    // physical pixels is the world extent scaled and pushed out by them.
    let (bw, bh) = (world[0] * s * d, world[1] * s * d);
    let cx = origin[0] + ox * d + bw * 0.5;
    let cy = origin[1] + oy * d + bh * 0.5;
    let (hw, hh) = (bw * 0.5, bh * 0.5);
    let (c, sn) = (roll.cos().abs(), roll.sin().abs());
    let (ex, ey) = (hw * c + hh * sn, hw * sn + hh * c);
    // Intersect with the target's own clip, then round INWARD. A clip
    // must not admit anything outside the box, so the minimum edge ceils
    // and the maximum floors. Rounding outward leaves a 1px sliver of
    // overhanging geometry painted along each edge of the view, which is
    // visible for art that overhangs the world box (the title logo).
    let lx = (cx - ex).max(clip[0]);
    let ty = (cy - ey).max(clip[1]);
    let rx = (cx + ex).min(clip[0] + clip[2]);
    let by = (cy + ey).min(clip[1] + clip[3]);
    if !(rx > lx && by > ty) {
        return None;
    }
    let sx = lx.ceil().max(0.0) as u32;
    let sy = ty.ceil().max(0.0) as u32;
    let ex2 = rx.floor().max(0.0) as u32;
    let ey2 = by.floor().max(0.0) as u32;
    if ex2 <= sx || ey2 <= sy {
        return None;
    }
    Some((sx, sy, ex2 - sx, ey2 - sy))
}

/// Contain-fit of a `world` extent into a dp-space canvas: uniform
/// scale plus centering offsets. `world_to_dp` / `dp_to_world` invert
/// each other for any positive scale.
pub fn contain_fit(canvas_dp: [f32; 2], world: [f32; 2]) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    if canvas_dp[0] <= 0.0 || canvas_dp[1] <= 0.0 || world[0] <= 0.0 || world[1] <= 0.0 {
        return (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }
    let s = (canvas_dp[0] / world[0]).min(canvas_dp[1] / world[1]);
    if !s.is_finite() || s <= 1e-6 {
        return (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }
    (
        s,
        (canvas_dp[0] - world[0] * s) * 0.5,
        (canvas_dp[1] - world[1] * s) * 0.5,
    )
}

/// Effective fit for one frame: base contain-fit scaled by
/// `zoom / units_per_pixel`, re-centered. Default camera matches
/// [`contain_fit`]; zoom 2 doubles on-screen size on both backends.
///
/// The scale is [`FitMode`]-independent — both modes scale uniformly, so
/// neither can crop the world rect. Only the offsets differ: `Keep`
/// centers the world box (bars on the roomier axis), `Expand` anchors it
/// at the origin so the roomier axis shows world past `world_size`.
pub fn effective_fit(canvas_dp: [f32; 2], world: [f32; 2], cam: &Camera2d) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    let (base, _, _) = contain_fit(canvas_dp, world);
    let zoom = sane_positive(cam.zoom);
    let upp = sane_positive(cam.units_per_pixel);
    let s = base * zoom / upp;
    if !s.is_finite() || s <= 1e-6 {
        return (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    }
    let (ox, oy) = match cam.fit {
        FitMode::Keep => (
            (canvas_dp[0] - world[0] * s) * 0.5,
            (canvas_dp[1] - world[1] * s) * 0.5,
        ),
        FitMode::Expand => (0.0, 0.0),
    };
    (s, ox, oy)
}

/// GPU camera for the shared framing contract: matrix form of
/// [`world_to_dp`] over `canvas_dp` (dp = physical px / density).
pub fn fit_view_proj(
    canvas_dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
) -> Mat4 {
    fit_view_proj_with_roll(canvas_dp, world_size, cam_center, fit, 0.0)
}

/// [`fit_view_proj`] plus camera roll about the look point.
/// `0.0` matches [`fit_view_proj`].
pub fn fit_view_proj_with_roll(
    canvas_dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    roll: f32,
) -> Mat4 {
    let w = canvas_dp[0].max(1.0);
    let h = canvas_dp[1].max(1.0);
    let (s, ox, oy) = fit;
    let s = if s.is_finite() && s > 1e-6 { s } else { 1.0 };
    let lx = cam_center[0] - world_size[0] * 0.5;
    let ly = cam_center[1] - world_size[1] * 0.5;
    let sx = 2.0 * s / w;
    let sy = -2.0 * s / h;
    let tx = 2.0 * (ox - lx * s) / w - 1.0;
    let ty = 1.0 - 2.0 * (oy - ly * s) / h;
    let base = Mat4::from_cols(
        glam::Vec4::new(sx, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(0.0, sy, 0.0, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.001, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(tx, ty, 0.0, 1.0),
    );
    if !roll.is_finite() || roll.abs() < 1e-7 {
        return base;
    }
    let (c, r) = (roll.cos(), roll.sin());
    let rot = Mat4::from_cols(
        glam::Vec4::new(c, r, 0.0, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(-r, c, 0.0, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
        glam::Vec4::new(
            cam_center[0] - c * cam_center[0] + r * cam_center[1],
            cam_center[1] - r * cam_center[0] - c * cam_center[1],
            0.0,
            1.0,
        ),
    );
    base * rot
}

/// World point to dp canvas point through the fit. At the default
/// center (`world / 2`) this is `offset + world * scale`.
pub fn world_to_dp(
    world: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
) -> [f32; 2] {
    world_to_dp_with_roll(world, world_size, cam_center, fit, 0.0)
}

/// [`world_to_dp`] plus camera roll around `cam_center`.
pub fn world_to_dp_with_roll(
    world: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    roll: f32,
) -> [f32; 2] {
    let (s, ox, oy) = fit;
    let [wx, wy] = rotate_about(world, cam_center, roll);
    [
        ox + (wx - (cam_center[0] - world_size[0] * 0.5)) * s,
        oy + (wy - (cam_center[1] - world_size[1] * 0.5)) * s,
    ]
}

/// Inverse of [`world_to_dp`]. Degenerate scales return the look point.
pub fn dp_to_world(
    dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
) -> [f32; 2] {
    dp_to_world_with_roll(dp, world_size, cam_center, fit, 0.0)
}

/// Inverse of [`world_to_dp_with_roll`].
pub fn dp_to_world_with_roll(
    dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    cam_center: [f32; 2],
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    roll: f32,
) -> [f32; 2] {
    let (s, ox, oy) = fit;
    if !s.is_finite() || s.abs() < 1e-6 {
        return cam_center;
    }
    let base = [
        (dp[0] - ox) / s + (cam_center[0] - world_size[0] * 0.5),
        (dp[1] - oy) / s + (cam_center[1] - world_size[1] * 0.5),
    ];
    rotate_about(base, cam_center, -roll)
}

fn rotate_about(p: [f32; 2], center: [f32; 2], roll: f32) -> [f32; 2] {
    if !roll.is_finite() || roll.abs() < 1e-7 {
        return p;
    }
    let (c, r) = (roll.cos(), roll.sin());
    let dx = p[0] - center[0];
    let dy = p[1] - center[1];
    [center[0] + c * dx - r * dy, center[1] + r * dx + c * dy]
}

/// Viewport-local physical-px press to world point through the painted
/// [`FrameGeom`]. Takes the region-local position, so HUD chrome or a
/// non-fullscreen viewport does not shift picks.
///
/// Picks track the *painted* (possibly shaken) view by design: correct for
/// clicking on a drawn sprite. For continuous aim (mouse crosshair, NT
/// firing), do NOT reuse the shaken geom: unproject the staged raw px via
/// [`unproject_px`] or [`aim_world`] through a geom built without the shake
/// offset, otherwise the aim point inherits shake jitter exactly when
/// trauma is highest.
pub fn pick_world(local_px: [f32; 2], geom: FrameGeom, world_size: [f32; 2]) -> [f32; 2] {
    let d = if geom.density.is_finite() && geom.density > 1e-6 {
        geom.density
    } else {
        1.0
    };
    dp_to_world_with_roll(
        [local_px[0] / d, local_px[1] / d],
        world_size,
        geom.pivot,
        geom.fit,
        geom.roll,
    )
}

/// Continuous-aim inverse: like [`pick_world`] but through an *unshaken*
/// camera (`offset` and trauma roll zeroed). Picks must track the painted
/// view; aim must not inherit shake jitter. Pass the same `world_size` and
/// density the viewport painted with, plus the look point and roll of the
/// camera *without* shake applied.
pub fn aim_world(
    local_px: [f32; 2],
    look_unshaken: [f32; 2],
    roll_unshaken: f32,
    fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    density: f32,
    world_size: [f32; 2],
) -> [f32; 2] {
    let d = if density.is_finite() && density > 1e-6 {
        density
    } else {
        1.0
    };
    dp_to_world_with_roll(
        [local_px[0] / d, local_px[1] / d],
        world_size,
        look_unshaken,
        fit,
        roll_unshaken,
    )
}

/// [`aim_world`] straight from a [`Camera2d`]: uses the follow target
/// (`center`, no shake `offset`) with zero roll so firing aim never sprays
/// with the noise function. Paint the viewport with the shaken camera;
/// read aim with this.
pub fn aim_world_unshaken(
    local_px: [f32; 2],
    cam: &Camera2d,
    canvas_dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    density: f32,
) -> [f32; 2] {
    let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, cam);
    aim_world(
        local_px,
        [cam.center.x, cam.center.y],
        0.0,
        fit,
        density,
        world_size,
    )
}

/// One painted frame's geometry, shared between viewports (writers)
/// and world-anchored siblings such as [`ActorFrame`] (readers).
/// Maps either direction so board sprites, picks, and actor
/// surfaces track together, including under camera shake.
///
/// Timing: layout publishes ahead of `prepare` and paint re-publishes;
/// composition-time readers see the previous frame's geometry, so
/// placement trails the board by one frame under camera motion.
/// Event-time readers (picks) see the latest publish.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct FrameGeom {
    /// Effective dp fit of the world extent: `(scale, off_x, off_y)` from
    /// [`effective_fit`] (contain-fit scaled by zoom/units_per_pixel).
    pub fit: (f32, f32, f32),
    /// Look-point shift in world units: `cam.effective_center() - world / 2`.
    /// Zero when the camera is default.
    pub look: [f32; 2],
    /// Physical px per dp at paint time.
    pub density: f32,
    /// Painted viewport size in physical px (drives the GPU camera).
    pub viewport_px: [f32; 2],
    /// Camera roll in radians around the look point.
    pub roll: f32,
    /// Camera look point in world coords at publish time.
    /// Roll pivot for [`surface_dp`] and picks.
    pub pivot: [f32; 2],
}

impl Default for FrameGeom {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            fit: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            look: [0.0, 0.0],
            density: 1.0,
            viewport_px: [1.0, 1.0],
            roll: 0.0,
            pivot: [0.0, 0.0],
        }
    }
}

/// Shared paint-time geometry. Canvas views use this on the UI thread;
/// GPU callbacks hold it behind a mutex (`Send + Sync`).
#[derive(Clone, Default)]
pub struct GeomHandle(Arc<Mutex<FrameGeom>>);

impl GeomHandle {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(FrameGeom::default())))
    }

    pub fn get(&self) -> FrameGeom {
        self.0.lock().map(|g| *g).unwrap_or_default()
    }

    pub fn set(&self, g: FrameGeom) {
        if let Ok(mut slot) = self.0.lock() {
            *slot = g;
        }
    }

    pub fn arc(&self) -> Arc<Mutex<FrameGeom>> {
        self.0.clone()
    }
}

impl From<FrameGeom> for GeomHandle {
    fn from(g: FrameGeom) -> Self {
        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(g)))
    }
}

impl From<std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<FrameGeom>>> for GeomHandle {
    /// Wrap GPU call sites that hold the raw mutex handle.
    fn from(arc: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<FrameGeom>>) -> Self {
        Self(arc)
    }
}

impl From<std::rc::Rc<std::cell::Cell<FrameGeom>>> for GeomHandle {
    /// Wrap canvas call sites holding the old cell handle by snapshotting
    /// the current value into the shared handle.
    fn from(rc: std::rc::Rc<std::cell::Cell<FrameGeom>>) -> Self {
        Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(rc.get())))
    }
}

/// Press slop in dp: pointer-up farther than this from pointer-down
/// cancels the `Click` (drag-off-cancel). Density-independent: compared
/// after dividing physical-px deltas by the painted density, so a tap
/// cancels identically on density 1 and density 3.
pub const CLICK_SLOP_DP: f32 = 12.0;
/// Legacy physical-px slop value. Kept so old call sites keep compiling;
/// new code uses [`CLICK_SLOP_DP`] via [`click_within_slop_dp`].
pub const CLICK_SLOP_PX: f32 = CLICK_SLOP_DP;

/// Legacy px-space slop check (density 1). New code uses
/// [`click_within_slop_dp`].
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn click_within_slop(a: [f32; 2], b: [f32; 2]) -> bool {
    click_within_slop_dp(a, b, 1.0)
}

/// Dp-space slop check: physical-px points divided by `density` (falling
/// back to 1.0) before comparing against [`CLICK_SLOP_DP`].
pub fn click_within_slop_dp(a: [f32; 2], b: [f32; 2], density: f32) -> bool {
    let d = if density.is_finite() && density > 1e-6 {
        density
    } else {
        1.0
    };
    let dx = (a[0] - b[0]) / d;
    let dy = (a[1] - b[1]) / d;
    dx * dx + dy * dy <= CLICK_SLOP_DP * CLICK_SLOP_DP
}

/// World-anchored surface rect in dp: `([off_x, off_y], [w, h])`.
/// `ActorFrame` is its view form. The center rotates with roll about
/// the pivot; size stays axis-aligned.
pub fn surface_dp(center: [f32; 2], size: [f32; 2], geom: FrameGeom) -> ([f32; 2], [f32; 2]) {
    let (s, ox, oy) = geom.fit;
    let r = rotate_about(center, geom.pivot, geom.roll);
    (
        [
            ox + (r[0] - size[0] * 0.5 - geom.look[0]) * s,
            oy + (r[1] - size[1] * 0.5 - geom.look[1]) * s,
        ],
        [size[0] * s, size[1] * s],
    )
}

fn rgba8(c: [f32; 4]) -> Color {
    Color::from_rgba(
        (c[0].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8,
        (c[1].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8,
        (c[2].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8,
        (c[3].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u8,
    )
}

/// 2D viewport view. Gesture handling and camera state live in the
/// [`FrameInput`] snapshot. Fills its parent; draws `background`, then
/// sprites, then world texts, then the fullscreen tint. Each paint
/// publishes [`FrameGeom`] to `geom_out` for dp-space siblings.
///
/// Canvas path: the GPU-only snapshot fields [`FrameInput::lights`] and
/// [`FrameInput::ambient`] are ignored here — point lighting exists on
/// the `Viewport2dGpu*` path only.
#[allow(non_snake_case)] // Repose view convention (cf. resims `Viewport3d`).
pub fn Viewport2d(
    input: FrameInput,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    Viewport2dShared(Arc::new(input), geom_out, on_event)
}

#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dShared(
    input: Arc<FrameInput>,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    let world_size = input.world_size;
    let pick_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let move_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let release_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let draw_input = input.clone();
    let draw_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let on_event = Rc::new(on_event);
    let on_down = on_event.clone();
    let on_touch_down = on_event.clone();
    let on_move = on_event.clone();
    let on_touch_move = on_event.clone();
    let on_up = on_event.clone();
    let on_up_click = on_event.clone();
    let on_leave = on_event;
    let press: Rc<RefCell<HashMap<u64, [f32; 2]>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashMap::new()));
    let press_down = press.clone();
    let press_up = press.clone();
    let press_leave = press.clone();

    let modifier = Modifier::new()
        .fill_max_size()
        .on_pointer_down(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let g = pick_geom.get();
            let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
            press_down.borrow_mut().insert(ev.id.0, [p.x, p.y]);
            let w = ev.position_in_window();
            let button = button_of(&ev);
            on_down(PickEvent::Press {
                world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                screen: [w.x, w.y],
                button,
            });
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_touch_down(PickEvent::TouchDown {
                    id: ev.id.0,
                    screen: screen_of(&ev),
                });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_move(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let g = move_geom.get();
            let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
            let w = ev.position_in_window();
            on_move(PickEvent::Hover {
                world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                screen: [w.x, w.y],
            });
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_touch_move(PickEvent::TouchMove {
                    id: ev.id.0,
                    screen: screen_of(&ev),
                });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_up(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let start = press_up.borrow_mut().remove(&ev.id.0);
            if let Some(start) = start
                && click_within_slop_dp(start, [p.x, p.y], release_geom.get().density)
            {
                let g = release_geom.get();
                let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
                let w = ev.position_in_window();
                let button = button_of(&ev);
                on_up_click(PickEvent::Click {
                    world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                    screen: [w.x, w.y],
                    button,
                });
            }
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_up(PickEvent::TouchUp { id: ev.id.0 });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_leave(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            press_leave.borrow_mut().remove(&ev.id.0);
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_leave(PickEvent::TouchUp { id: ev.id.0 });
            }
        });
    Canvas(modifier, move |scope: &mut DrawScope| {
        let d = effective_density_scale();
        let cam = draw_input.cam;
        let cam_center = cam.effective_center();
        let fit = effective_fit(
            [scope.size.width / d, scope.size.height / d],
            draw_input.world_size,
            &cam,
        );
        draw_geom.set(FrameGeom {
            fit,
            look: [
                cam_center[0] - draw_input.world_size[0] * 0.5,
                cam_center[1] - draw_input.world_size[1] * 0.5,
            ],
            density: d,
            viewport_px: [scope.size.width, scope.size.height],
            roll: cam.roll,
            pivot: cam_center,
        });
        let project = |wx: f32, wy: f32| -> [f32; 2] {
            let [dx, dy] = world_to_dp_with_roll(
                [wx, wy],
                draw_input.world_size,
                cam_center,
                (fit.0, fit.1, fit.2),
                cam.roll,
            );
            [dx * d, dy * d]
        };
        if let Some(bg) = draw_input.background {
            scope.draw_rect(
                Rect {
                    x: 0.0,
                    y: 0.0,
                    w: scope.size.width,
                    h: scope.size.height,
                },
                rgba8(bg),
                Px(0.0),
            );
        }
        for spr in draw_input.sprites.iter() {
            // Rotation goes through draw_rect_rotated: unrotated quad,
            // rotated in px about the projected center. The rect origin
            // is pivot based (not projected twice) and the angle is
            // roll + rotation. Matches batch::instance_rows.
            let px_per_world = fit.0 * d;
            let [px, py] = project(spr.center.x, spr.center.y);
            let ax = if spr.flip_x {
                1.0 - spr.anchor.x
            } else {
                spr.anchor.x
            };
            let ay = if spr.flip_y {
                1.0 - spr.anchor.y
            } else {
                spr.anchor.y
            };
            scope.draw_rect_rotated(
                Rect {
                    x: px - ax * spr.size.x * px_per_world,
                    y: py - ay * spr.size.y * px_per_world,
                    w: (spr.size.x * px_per_world).max(0.0),
                    h: (spr.size.y * px_per_world).max(0.0),
                },
                rgba8(spr.color),
                Px(0.0),
                cam.roll + spr.rotation,
                repose_core::Vec2 { x: px, y: py },
            );
        }
        for t in draw_input.texts.iter() {
            let [tx, ty] = project(t.pos.x, t.pos.y);
            scope.draw_text(
                t.text.clone(),
                repose_core::Vec2 { x: tx, y: ty },
                rgba8(t.color),
                Px(t.size * fit.0 * d),
            );
        }
        if let Some(tint) = draw_input.overlay_color {
            scope.draw_rect(
                Rect {
                    x: 0.0,
                    y: 0.0,
                    w: scope.size.width,
                    h: scope.size.height,
                },
                rgba8(tint),
                Px(0.0),
            );
        }
    })
}

/// GPU twin of [`Viewport2d`]: same snapshot in, same picks out, with
/// sprites as textured atlas quads through [`SpriteBatch`]. Fills its
/// parent. `background` paints first and `overlay_color` last, matching
/// canvas except world texts, which stay canvas-side as sibling views.
///
/// Timing: layout publishes viewport size ahead of `prepare`; paint
/// re-publishes from callback info. `prepare` rebuilds the batch and
/// camera; atlas uploads apply once per frame. `chroma` above `0.0`
/// renders offscreen and composites back (see `post`).
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dGpu(
    input: FrameInput,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    Viewport2dGpuWithIdShared(
        Arc::new(input),
        geom_out,
        uploads,
        desc,
        "viewport2d.main",
        on_event,
    )
}

/// GPU viewport with explicit batch id so a second viewport or minimap
/// can coexist (each id owns its pipeline and instances).
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dGpuWithId(
    input: FrameInput,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    batch_id: impl Into<String>,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    Viewport2dGpuWithIdShared(Arc::new(input), geom_out, uploads, desc, batch_id, on_event)
}

#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dGpuWithIdShared(
    input: Arc<FrameInput>,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    batch_id: impl Into<String>,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    viewport2d_gpu_with_id_shared(input, geom_out, uploads, desc, batch_id, on_event, false)
}

fn viewport2d_gpu_with_id_shared(
    input: Arc<FrameInput>,
    geom_out: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    batch_id: impl Into<String>,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
    overlay_separate: bool,
) -> View {
    let batch_id: String = batch_id.into();
    let bg_id = format!("{batch_id}.background");
    let overlay_id = format!("{batch_id}.overlay");
    let world_size = input.world_size;
    let pick_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let move_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let release_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let size_geom = geom_out.clone();
    let size_input = input.clone();
    let geom_for_payload = geom_out.clone();
    let on_event = Arc::new(on_event);
    let on_down = on_event.clone();
    let on_touch_down = on_event.clone();
    let on_move = on_event.clone();
    let on_touch_move = on_event.clone();
    let on_up = on_event.clone();
    let on_up_click = on_event.clone();
    let on_leave = on_event;
    let press: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u64, [f32; 2]>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
    let press_down = press.clone();
    let press_up = press.clone();
    let press_leave = press.clone();
    let payload = GpuViewport {
        input: input.clone(),
        geom: geom_for_payload.arc(),
        batch_id,
        uploads,
        desc,
        overlay_separate,
        bg: FullscreenPass::new(
            bg_id,
            fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
            FullscreenDesc {
                texture_slots: 0,
                filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
            },
        ),
        overlay: FullscreenPass::new(
            overlay_id,
            fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
            FullscreenDesc {
                texture_slots: 0,
                filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
            },
        ),
    };
    let modifier = Modifier::new()
        .fill_max_size()
        .on_size_changed(move |dp: repose_core::Vec2| {
            let d = effective_density_scale();
            let d = if d.is_finite() && d > 1e-6 { d } else { 1.0 };
            let fit = effective_fit([dp.x, dp.y], size_input.world_size, &size_input.cam);
            let center = size_input.cam.effective_center();
            size_geom.set(FrameGeom {
                viewport_px: [dp.x * d, dp.y * d],
                density: d,
                fit,
                look: [
                    center[0] - size_input.world_size[0] * 0.5,
                    center[1] - size_input.world_size[1] * 0.5,
                ],
                roll: size_input.cam.roll,
                pivot: center,
            });
        })
        .on_pointer_down(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let g = pick_geom.get();
            let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
            if let Ok(mut slots) = press_down.lock() {
                slots.insert(ev.id.0, [p.x, p.y]);
            }
            let w = ev.position_in_window();
            let button = button_of(&ev);
            on_down(PickEvent::Press {
                world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                screen: [w.x, w.y],
                button,
            });
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_touch_down(PickEvent::TouchDown {
                    id: ev.id.0,
                    screen: screen_of(&ev),
                });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_move(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let g = move_geom.get();
            let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
            let w = ev.position_in_window();
            on_move(PickEvent::Hover {
                world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                screen: [w.x, w.y],
            });
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_touch_move(PickEvent::TouchMove {
                    id: ev.id.0,
                    screen: screen_of(&ev),
                });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_up(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            let p = ev.position;
            let start = press_up.lock().ok().and_then(|mut s| s.remove(&ev.id.0));
            if let Some(start) = start
                && click_within_slop_dp(start, [p.x, p.y], release_geom.get().density)
            {
                let g = release_geom.get();
                let world = pick_world([p.x, p.y], g, world_size);
                let w = ev.position_in_window();
                let button = button_of(&ev);
                on_up_click(PickEvent::Click {
                    world: Vec2::new(world[0], world[1]),
                    screen: [w.x, w.y],
                    button,
                });
            }
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_up(PickEvent::TouchUp { id: ev.id.0 });
            }
        })
        .on_pointer_leave(move |ev: repose_core::input::PointerEvent| {
            if let Ok(mut s) = press_leave.lock() {
                s.remove(&ev.id.0);
            }
            if is_touch(&ev) {
                on_leave(PickEvent::TouchUp { id: ev.id.0 });
            }
        });
    Embedded(modifier, Callback::new(payload))
}

struct GpuViewport {
    input: Arc<FrameInput>,
    geom: Arc<Mutex<FrameGeom>>,
    batch_id: String,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    overlay_separate: bool,
    bg: FullscreenPass,
    overlay: FullscreenPass,
}

impl WgpuCallback for GpuViewport {
    fn resource_key(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        Some("repame.viewport2d.resources")
    }

    fn prepare(
        &self,
        device: &wgpu::Device,
        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
        screen: &ScreenDescriptor,
        resources: &mut CallbackResources,
    ) -> Vec<wgpu::CommandBuffer> {
        let (vp_phys, density) = self
            .geom
            .lock()
            .map(|g| {
                let d = if g.density.is_finite() && g.density > 1e-6 {
                    g.density
                } else {
                    1.0
                };
                (g.viewport_px, d)
            })
            .unwrap_or(([1.0, 1.0], 1.0));
        let dp = if vp_phys[0] > 1.0 && vp_phys[1] > 1.0 {
            [vp_phys[0] / density, vp_phys[1] / density]
        } else {
            self.input.viewport_dp
        };
        let mut batch = SpriteBatch::with_id(self.batch_id.clone(), self.desc);
        batch.set_camera(self.input.cam.fit_matrix(dp, self.input.world_size));
        log::warn!("DIAG prep: sprites={} uploads={} world={:?} dp={:?} desc={:?}", self.input.sprites.len(), self.uploads.len(), self.input.world_size, dp, self.desc);
        for s in &self.input.sprites {
            batch.push_sprite(s);
        }
        batch.prepare_with_uploads(
            device,
            queue,
            encoder,
            screen,
            resources,
            self.uploads.as_ref(),
        );
        let composite = post::needs_post(&self.input);
        // Background fill under the batch. Skipped when the snapshot has
        if let Some(bg) = self.input.background
            && !composite
        {
            let words = [bg[0], bg[1], bg[2], bg[3]];
            self.bg.prepare_with(
                device,
                queue,
                screen,
                resources,
                bytemuck::cast_slice(&words),
                &[] as &[FullscreenTexture],
            );
        }
        if !self.overlay_separate
            && let Some(ov) = self.input.overlay_color
        {
            let words = [ov[0], ov[1], ov[2], ov[3]];
            self.overlay.prepare_with(
                device,
                queue,
                screen,
                resources,
                bytemuck::cast_slice(&words),
                &[] as &[FullscreenTexture],
            );
        }
        if composite {
            let w = vp_phys[0].max(1.0) as u32;
            let h = vp_phys[1].max(1.0) as u32;
            // Derived from the snapshot's own camera (never the
            // one-frame-stale FrameGeom), so light math, sprite
            // projection and the letterbox clip agree frame for frame.
            let fit = effective_fit(dp, self.input.world_size, &self.input.cam);
            let roll = self.input.cam.roll;
            let center = self.input.cam.effective_center();
            // Zero lights = zero lighting work; occluders are only
            // touched by lights that actually cast shadows.
            let mut shadow_maps: Vec<Vec<[f32; 2]>> = Vec::new();
            let lights: &[Light2d] = if self.input.lights.is_empty() {
                &[]
            } else {
                let n = self.input.lights.len().min(light2d::MAX_LIGHTS);
                for (light, bins) in self.input.lights[..n]
                    .iter()
                    .zip(light2d::resolve_shadow_bins(&self.input.lights))
                {
                    if bins == 0 {
                        shadow_maps.push(Vec::new());
                        continue;
                    }
                    let mut resolved = *light;
                    resolved.shadow_bins = bins;
                    let mut map = Vec::new();
                    light2d::angular_shadow_map(&resolved, &self.input.occluders, &mut map);
                    shadow_maps.push(map);
                }
                &self.input.lights[..n]
            };
            post::prepare_composite(
                device,
                queue,
                encoder,
                screen,
                resources,
                w,
                h,
                &post::CompositeDesc {
                    batch_id: self.batch_id.as_str(),
                    amount: self.input.chroma,
                    background: self.input.background,
                    ambient: self.input.ambient.unwrap_or([0.0, 0.0, 0.0]),
                    lights,
                    shadow_maps: &shadow_maps,
                    fit,
                    roll,
                    world: self.input.world_size,
                    center,
                    density,
                    scissor: fitted_box_scissor_in(
                        self.input.world_size,
                        fit,
                        roll,
                        density,
                        [0.0, 0.0],
                        [0.0, 0.0, w as f32, h as f32],
                    ),
                },
            );
        }
        Vec::new()
    }

    fn paint(
        &self,
        info: repose_core::PaintCallbackInfo,
        rpass: &mut CallbackRenderPass<'_, '_>,
        resources: &CallbackResources,
    ) {
        let d = if info.pixels_per_point.is_finite() && info.pixels_per_point > 1e-6 {
            info.pixels_per_point
        } else {
            1.0
        };
        let vp = [info.viewport.w, info.viewport.h];
        let fit = effective_fit(
            [vp[0] / d, vp[1] / d],
            self.input.world_size,
            &self.input.cam,
        );
        let cam = self.input.cam.effective_center();
        let roll = self.input.cam.roll;
        if let Ok(mut g) = self.geom.lock() {
            *g = FrameGeom {
                fit,
                look: [
                    cam[0] - self.input.world_size[0] * 0.5,
                    cam[1] - self.input.world_size[1] * 0.5,
                ],
                density: d,
                viewport_px: vp,
                roll,
                pivot: cam,
            };
        }
        if post::needs_post(&self.input) {
            post::paint_composite(self.batch_id.as_str(), rpass, resources);
        } else {
            if self.input.background.is_some() {
                self.bg.paint(info, rpass, resources);
            }
            // Contain-fit maps the world box into the middle of the canvas
            // and leaves the rest as letterbox. Sprites outside the world
            // box still project into that letterbox (the fit matrix has no
            // clipping term), so they would paint over the bars. Clip the
            // batch to the fitted box the way GML's `draw_set_clip_rect`
            // bounded the room, then restore the callback's own clip for
            // the overlay pass below.
            let restore = (
                info.clip_rect.x.ceil().max(0.0) as u32,
                info.clip_rect.y.ceil().max(0.0) as u32,
                ((info.clip_rect.x + info.clip_rect.w).floor().max(0.0) as u32)
                    .saturating_sub(info.clip_rect.x.ceil().max(0.0) as u32),
                ((info.clip_rect.y + info.clip_rect.h).floor().max(0.0) as u32)
                    .saturating_sub(info.clip_rect.y.ceil().max(0.0) as u32),
            );
            match fitted_box_scissor(&info, self.input.world_size, fit, roll) {
                Some(sc) => {
                    rpass.set_scissor_rect(sc.0, sc.1, sc.2, sc.3);
                    batch::draw_batch_with_id_callback(self.batch_id.as_str(), rpass, resources);
                    rpass.set_scissor_rect(restore.0, restore.1, restore.2, restore.3);
                }
                None => {
                    batch::draw_batch_with_id_callback(self.batch_id.as_str(), rpass, resources);
                }
            }
        }
        if !self.overlay_separate && self.input.overlay_color.is_some() {
            self.overlay.paint(info, rpass, resources);
        }
    }
}

/// Stack GPU sprites under canvas texts/tint from one [`FrameInput`].
/// Mounts `Viewport2dGpu` plus a transparent canvas pass for `texts` /
/// `overlay_color`, so GPU games keep damage numbers and tints.
///
/// `uploads` must stay reachable on every frame, not just the one that first
/// carries `desc.uploads_gen`. The atlas is only written while this view is
/// prepared, and the frame that introduces a generation can be built before
/// the view reaches the renderer and then dropped, which would leave the
/// generation unfilled and every sprite in the batch undrawn. Handing over the
/// same [`Arc`] until the batch takes it costs nothing; a batch reports an
/// unfilled generation once and draws nothing until the uploads arrive.
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dGpuWithHud(
    input: FrameInput,
    geom: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    Viewport2dGpuWithHudShared(Arc::new(input), geom, uploads, desc, on_event)
}

#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn Viewport2dGpuWithHudShared(
    input: Arc<FrameInput>,
    geom: GeomHandle,
    uploads: Arc<[AtlasUpload]>,
    desc: BatchDesc,
    on_event: impl Fn(PickEvent) + 'static,
) -> View {
    use repose_ui::ViewExt as _;
    let hud_input = input.clone();
    let hud_geom = geom.clone();
    let hud = Canvas(
        Modifier::new().fill_max_size().hit_passthrough(),
        move |scope: &mut DrawScope| {
            let input = hud_input.as_ref();
            let cam = input.cam;
            let world_size = input.world_size;
            let d = effective_density_scale();
            let cam_center = cam.effective_center();
            let fit = effective_fit(
                [scope.size.width / d, scope.size.height / d],
                world_size,
                &cam,
            );
            hud_geom.set(FrameGeom {
                fit,
                look: [
                    cam_center[0] - world_size[0] * 0.5,
                    cam_center[1] - world_size[1] * 0.5,
                ],
                density: d,
                viewport_px: [scope.size.width, scope.size.height],
                roll: cam.roll,
                pivot: cam_center,
            });
            let project = |wx: f32, wy: f32| -> [f32; 2] {
                let [dx, dy] = world_to_dp_with_roll(
                    [wx, wy],
                    world_size,
                    cam_center,
                    (fit.0, fit.1, fit.2),
                    cam.roll,
                );
                [dx * d, dy * d]
            };
            for t in input.texts.iter() {
                let [tx, ty] = project(t.pos.x, t.pos.y);
                scope.draw_text(
                    t.text.clone(),
                    repose_core::Vec2 { x: tx, y: ty },
                    rgba8(t.color),
                    Px(t.size * fit.0 * d),
                );
            }
            if let Some(tint) = input.overlay_color {
                scope.draw_rect(
                    Rect {
                        x: 0.0,
                        y: 0.0,
                        w: scope.size.width,
                        h: scope.size.height,
                    },
                    rgba8(tint),
                    Px(0.0),
                );
            }
        },
    );
    repose_ui::ZStack(Modifier::new().fill_max_size())
        .child(viewport2d_gpu_with_id_shared(
            input,
            geom,
            uploads,
            desc,
            "viewport2d.main",
            on_event,
            true,
        ))
        .child(hud)
}
/// World-anchored surface: `child` is boxed to a `size` rect centered
/// on a world `center`, positioned through [`FrameGeom`]. `mirror_x`
/// flips about the surface center (rozvp horde case: centered content).
/// Offsets trail the board by one frame under camera motion; steady state
/// matches. For origin-bearing art (NT sprites with off-center
/// `xorigin`/`yorigin`), prefer [`ActorFrameWithOrigin`] or the sprite
/// batch's anchor flips, which mirror about the anchor instead.
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn ActorFrame(
    center: [f32; 2],
    size: [f32; 2],
    geom: GeomHandle,
    mirror_x: bool,
    child: View,
) -> View {
    ActorFrameWithOrigin(center, size, geom, mirror_x, [0.5, 0.5], child)
}

/// Origin-aware [`ActorFrame`]: `mirror_x` flips about the normalized
/// `origin` (`[0, 1]`, e.g. an NT `xorigin / w`) instead of the surface
/// center. Set `origin` from the catalog's
/// [`AnimDef::anchor`](repame_anim::AnimDef::anchor) when the surface
/// content carries an off-center sprite origin.
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn ActorFrameWithOrigin(
    center: [f32; 2],
    size: [f32; 2],
    geom: GeomHandle,
    mirror_x: bool,
    origin: [f32; 2],
    child: View,
) -> View {
    let ([ox, oy], [w, h]) = surface_dp(center, size, geom.get());
    // `.absolute()` is load-bearing: without it all surfaces stack
    // at one fixed spot.
    let mut modifier = Modifier::new().size(Dp(w), Dp(h)).absolute().offset(
        Some(Dp(ox)),
        Some(Dp(oy)),
        None,
        None,
    );
    if mirror_x {
        modifier = modifier
            .transform_origin(origin[0].clamp(0.0, 1.0), origin[1].clamp(0.0, 1.0))
            .scale2(-1.0, 1.0);
    }
    UiBox(modifier).child(child)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use repose_core::locals::{Density, set_density_default};

    #[test]
    fn contain_fit_roundtrip_at_density_125() {
        // 1.25 density: px canvas -> dp fit -> world -> back is identity.
        set_density_default(Density { scale: 1.25 });
        let d = effective_density_scale();
        // 1250x750 px canvas, 800x600 world: dp fit s=1, ox=100, oy=0.
        let fit = contain_fit([1250.0 / d, 750.0 / d], [800.0, 600.0]);
        let cam = [400.0, 300.0];
        // Draw: world (400,300) -> dp -> px lands on the press point.
        let [dx, dy] = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], [800.0, 600.0], cam, fit);
        // Pick: window px -> dp -> world maps back.
        let [wx, wy] = dp_to_world([625.0 / d, 375.0 / d], [800.0, 600.0], cam, fit);
        set_density_default(Density { scale: 1.0 });
        assert!(
            (fit.0 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (fit.1 - 100.0).abs() < 1e-4 && fit.2.abs() < 1e-4,
            "dp fit, got {fit:?}"
        );
        assert!(
            (dx * d - 625.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (dy * d - 375.0).abs() < 1e-3,
            "draw forward, got ({dx},{dy})"
        );
        assert!(
            (wx - 400.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (wy - 300.0).abs() < 1e-3,
            "pick inverse, got ({wx},{wy})"
        );
        // Camera shift moves draw and pick together.
        let shifted = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], [800.0, 600.0], [410.0, 290.0], fit);
        let back = dp_to_world(shifted, [800.0, 600.0], [410.0, 290.0], fit);
        assert!(
            (back[0] - 400.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (back[1] - 300.0).abs() < 1e-4,
            "shifted round trip, got {back:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn gpu_viewport_honors_cam_and_background() {
        // Snapshot camera frames world sprites; `background` fills pixels
        // the quad does not cover. Skips where no GPU exists.
        use repose_core::{Color, Rect, Scene, SceneNode};
        use repose_render_wgpu::{Callback, offscreen::OffscreenRenderer};

        let mut renderer = match OffscreenRenderer::new_blocking(256, 256, 1) {
            Ok(r) => r,
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("SKIP gpu viewport test (no GPU): {e}");
                return;
            }
        };
        // Page 0: solid magenta 2x2.
        let page = [255, 0, 255, 255].repeat(4);
        let uploads = vec![AtlasUpload {
            page: 0,
            x: 0,
            y: 0,
            w: 2,
            h: 2,
            rgba: page,
        }];
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(64.0, 64.0),
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 0.5,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let input = FrameInput {
            cam,
            world_size: [128.0, 128.0],
            viewport_dp: [256.0, 256.0],
            sprites: vec![SpriteInstance {
                center: Vec2::new(64.0, 64.0),
                size: Vec2::new(32.0, 32.0),
                uv_min: Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0),
                uv_max: Vec2::new(1.0, 1.0),
                color: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
                ..Default::default()
            }],
            texts: Vec::new(),
            background: Some([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]),
            overlay_color: None,
            chroma: 0.0,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let geom = Arc::new(Mutex::new(FrameGeom {
            fit: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            look: [0.0, 0.0],
            density: 1.0,
            viewport_px: [256.0, 256.0],
            roll: 0.0,
            pivot: [64.0, 64.0],
        }));
        let payload = GpuViewport {
            input: Arc::new(input.clone()),
            geom,
            batch_id: "test.viewport2d.main".to_string(),
            uploads: Arc::from(uploads),
            desc: BatchDesc {
                layer_size: 2,
                layers: 1,
                filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            overlay_separate: false,
            bg: FullscreenPass::new(
                "test.viewport2d.background",
                fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
                FullscreenDesc {
                    texture_slots: 0,
                    filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                },
            ),
            overlay: FullscreenPass::new(
                "test.viewport2d.overlay",
                fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
                FullscreenDesc {
                    texture_slots: 0,
                    filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                },
            ),
        };
        let scene = Scene {
            clear_color: Color::from_rgba(0, 0, 0, 255),
            nodes: vec![SceneNode::Callback {
                rect: Rect {
                    x: 0.0,
                    y: 0.0,
                    w: 256.0,
                    h: 256.0,
                },
                payload: Callback::new(payload),
            }],
        };
        let px = renderer
            .render_rgba(&scene, Some([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]))
            .expect("offscreen render");
        let at = |x: u32, y: u32| -> [u8; 4] {
            let i = ((y * 256 + x) * 4) as usize;
            [px[i], px[i + 1], px[i + 2], px[i + 3]]
        };
        // Corners are outside the centered quad: snapshot background.
        assert_eq!(at(8, 8), [0, 0, 255, 255], "background fill");
        assert_eq!(at(247, 247), [0, 0, 255, 255], "background fill");
        assert_eq!(at(128, 128), [255, 0, 255, 255], "cam-centered quad");
        let overlay_input = FrameInput {
            overlay_color: Some([1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]),
            ..input
        };
        let overlay_payload = GpuViewport {
            input: Arc::new(overlay_input),
            geom: Arc::new(Mutex::new(FrameGeom {
                fit: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
                look: [0.0, 0.0],
                density: 1.0,
                viewport_px: [256.0, 256.0],
                roll: 0.0,
                pivot: [64.0, 64.0],
            })),
            batch_id: "test.viewport2d.overlay".to_string(),
            uploads: Arc::from(vec![AtlasUpload {
                page: 0,
                x: 0,
                y: 0,
                w: 2,
                h: 2,
                rgba: [255, 0, 255, 255].repeat(4),
            }]),
            desc: BatchDesc {
                layer_size: 2,
                layers: 1,
                filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                ..Default::default()
            },
            overlay_separate: false,
            bg: FullscreenPass::new(
                "test.viewport2d.background",
                fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
                FullscreenDesc {
                    texture_slots: 0,
                    filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                },
            ),
            overlay: FullscreenPass::new(
                "test.viewport2d.overlay",
                fullscreen::SOLID_WGSL,
                FullscreenDesc {
                    texture_slots: 0,
                    filter: TextureFilter::Nearest,
                },
            ),
        };
        let scene = Scene {
            clear_color: Color::from_rgba(0, 0, 0, 255),
            nodes: vec![SceneNode::Callback {
                rect: Rect {
                    x: 0.0,
                    y: 0.0,
                    w: 256.0,
                    h: 256.0,
                },
                payload: Callback::new(overlay_payload),
            }],
        };
        let px = renderer
            .render_rgba(&scene, Some([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]))
            .expect("offscreen render");
        let at = |x: u32, y: u32| -> [u8; 4] {
            let i = ((y * 256 + x) * 4) as usize;
            [px[i], px[i + 1], px[i + 2], px[i + 3]]
        };
        assert_eq!(at(8, 8), [255, 0, 0, 255], "overlay covers background");
        assert_eq!(at(128, 128), [255, 0, 0, 255], "overlay covers sprite");
    }

    #[test]
    fn surface_dp_matches_board_point_under_shake() {
        // Actor surfaces share FrameGeom with board sprites: the surface
        // center lands on the board point, including with a shifted look.
        let geom = FrameGeom {
            fit: (1.0, 100.0, 0.0),
            look: [0.0, 0.0],
            density: 1.25,
            viewport_px: [1250.0, 750.0],
            roll: 0.0,
            pivot: [400.0, 300.0],
        };
        let ([ox, oy], [w, h]) = surface_dp([400.0, 300.0], [64.0, 80.0], geom);
        assert!(
            (ox - 468.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (oy - 260.0).abs() < 1e-4,
            "offset, got ({ox},{oy})"
        );
        assert!(
            (w - 64.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (h - 80.0).abs() < 1e-4,
            "size, got ({w},{h})"
        );
        // Surface center == board point for the same world pos.
        let board = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], [800.0, 600.0], [400.0, 300.0], geom.fit);
        assert!(
            (ox + w * 0.5 - board[0]).abs() < 1e-4 && (oy + h * 0.5 - board[1]).abs() < 1e-4,
            "surface glued to board point"
        );
        let shaken = FrameGeom {
            look: [10.0, -10.0],
            ..geom
        };
        let ([sx, sy], _) = surface_dp([400.0, 300.0], [64.0, 80.0], shaken);
        let sboard = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], [800.0, 600.0], [410.0, 290.0], shaken.fit);
        assert!(
            (sx + w * 0.5 - sboard[0]).abs() < 1e-4 && (sy + h * 0.5 - sboard[1]).abs() < 1e-4,
            "surface glued under shake"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn contain_fit_has_no_silent_clamp() {
        for (canvas, world) in [
            ([8000.0, 6000.0], [80.0, 60.0]),
            ([80.0, 60.0], [8000.0, 6000.0]),
            ([1000.0, 750.0], [800.0, 600.0]),
        ] {
            let fit = contain_fit(canvas, world);
            let cam = [world[0] * 0.5, world[1] * 0.5];
            let dp = world_to_dp([cam[0], cam[1]], world, cam, fit);
            let back = dp_to_world(dp, world, cam, fit);
            assert!(
                (back[0] - cam[0]).abs() < 1e-3 && (back[1] - cam[1]).abs() < 1e-3,
                "round trip for {canvas:?}/{world:?}, fit {fit:?} gave {back:?}"
            );
        }
        assert_eq!(contain_fit([0.0, 600.0], [800.0, 600.0]), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
        assert_eq!(
            dp_to_world(
                [10.0, 10.0],
                [800.0, 600.0],
                [400.0, 300.0],
                (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
            ),
            [400.0, 300.0]
        );
    }

    /// `Keep` is the pre-`FitMode` framing: centered world box, bars on
    /// the roomier axis, exactly `world` visible.
    #[test]
    fn fit_mode_keep_is_contain_fit() {
        for (canvas, world) in [
            ([1600.0, 900.0], [800.0, 800.0]),
            ([900.0, 1600.0], [800.0, 800.0]),
            ([1000.0, 1000.0], [800.0, 600.0]),
        ] {
            let cam = Camera2d {
                center: Vec2::new(world[0] * 0.5, world[1] * 0.5),
                fit: FitMode::Keep,
                ..Default::default()
            };
            let fit = effective_fit(canvas, world, &cam);
            assert_eq!(fit, contain_fit(canvas, world), "{canvas:?}/{world:?}");
            let (s, ox, oy) = fit;
            // World box lands centered and no larger than the canvas.
            assert!((ox - (canvas[0] - world[0] * s) * 0.5).abs() < 1e-4);
            assert!((oy - (canvas[1] - world[1] * s) * 0.5).abs() < 1e-4);
            assert!(world[0] * s <= canvas[0] + 1e-4 && world[1] * s <= canvas[1] + 1e-4);
        }
    }

    /// `Expand` keeps the same uniform scale but anchors the world box at
    /// the canvas origin, so the roomier axis shows world past `world` and
    /// nothing is ever cropped.
    #[test]
    fn fit_mode_expand_reveals_more_and_never_crops() {
        let canvas = [1600.0, 900.0];
        let world = [800.0, 800.0];
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(world[0] * 0.5, world[1] * 0.5),
            fit: FitMode::Expand,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let (s, ox, oy) = effective_fit(canvas, world, &cam);
        let keep = effective_fit(
            canvas,
            world,
            &Camera2d {
                fit: FitMode::Keep,
                ..cam
            },
        );
        assert_eq!(s, keep.0, "expand must not change the uniform scale");
        assert_eq!((ox, oy), (0.0, 0.0), "expand anchors at the origin");
        // Never crops: the whole world box still lands inside the canvas.
        assert!(world[0] * s <= canvas[0] + 1e-4 && world[1] * s <= canvas[1] + 1e-4);
        // Reveals more on the roomier axis, while the constraining axis
        // still shows exactly `world` (its scale is unchanged).
        let visible = [canvas[0] / s, canvas[1] / s];
        let exact = [
            (visible[0] - world[0]).abs() < 1e-3,
            (visible[1] - world[1]).abs() < 1e-3,
        ];
        assert!(exact[0] ^ exact[1], "one axis exact: {visible:?}");
        if exact[0] {
            assert!(visible[1] > world[1], "y reveals: {visible:?}");
        } else {
            assert!(visible[0] > world[0], "x reveals: {visible:?}");
        }
        // Picks invert the expanded framing like any other.
        let dp = world_to_dp([100.0, 700.0], world, cam.effective_center(), (s, ox, oy));
        let back = dp_to_world(dp, world, cam.effective_center(), (s, ox, oy));
        assert!((back[0] - 100.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (back[1] - 700.0).abs() < 1e-3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn canvas_rotated_rect_matches_instance_rows() {
        // Canvas draws the mirror-adjusted quad plus a px-space rotation;
        // GPU draws `instance_rows` corners. Both land on the same
        // px corners (compared as sets) across combos.
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(400.0, 300.0),
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.3,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let world_size = [800.0, 600.0];
        let canvas_dp = [800.0, 600.0];
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, &cam);
        let center = cam.effective_center();
        let project = |wx: f32, wy: f32| -> [f32; 2] {
            world_to_dp_with_roll([wx, wy], world_size, center, fit, cam.roll)
        };
        let k = fit.0;
        for (rotation, flip_x, flip_y, anchor) in [
            (0.7f32, false, false, [0.5, 0.5]),
            (0.7, true, false, [0.5, 0.5]),
            (0.7, false, true, [0.5, 0.5]),
            (0.7, true, true, [0.5, 0.5]),
            (-1.2, true, false, [0.0, 0.0]),
            (2.1, false, true, [1.0, 0.25]),
            (0.0, true, false, [0.5, 0.5]),
        ] {
            let size = [64.0f32, 40.0];
            let ctr = [400.0f32, 300.0];
            // GPU reference: instance_rows corners through the projection.
            let (row0, row1) = batch::instance_rows(ctr, size, rotation, anchor, flip_x, flip_y);
            let mut expect = [[0.0f32; 2]; 4];
            for (i, corner) in [[-0.5, -0.5], [0.5, -0.5], [0.5, 0.5], [-0.5, 0.5]]
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
            {
                let wx = row0[0] * corner[0] + row0[1] * corner[1] + row0[3];
                let wy = row1[0] * corner[0] + row1[1] * corner[1] + row1[3];
                expect[i] = project(wx, wy);
            }
            // Canvas: mirror-adjusted rect about the pivot, rotated by
            // roll + rotation. Mirroring is captured by the rect as a
            // set, so the angle does not negate.
            let ax = if flip_x { 1.0 - anchor[0] } else { anchor[0] };
            let ay = if flip_y { 1.0 - anchor[1] } else { anchor[1] };
            let [px, py] = project(ctr[0], ctr[1]);
            let angle = cam.roll + rotation;
            let (c, s) = (angle.cos(), angle.sin());
            let (ox, oy) = (px - ax * size[0] * k, py - ay * size[1] * k);
            let w = size[0] * k;
            let h = size[1] * k;
            for (i, corner) in [[0.0, 0.0], [w, 0.0], [w, h], [0.0, h]].iter().enumerate() {
                let rx = px + (ox + corner[0] - px) * c - (oy + corner[1] - py) * s;
                let ry = py + (ox + corner[0] - px) * s + (oy + corner[1] - py) * c;
                let mut best = f32::INFINITY;
                for e in expect {
                    best = best.min((rx - e[0]).hypot(ry - e[1]));
                }
                assert!(
                    best < 1e-2,
                    "rot={rotation} flip=({flip_x},{flip_y}) anchor={anchor:?}: corner {i} ({rx},{ry}) matches none of {expect:?}"
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    fn camera_guards_div_by_zero() {
        let bad = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::ZERO,
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 0.0,
            zoom: 0.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let m = bad.view_proj([0.0, 0.0]);
        assert!(m.is_finite(), "view_proj stays finite, got {m:?}");
        assert_eq!(bad.screen_to_world([0.0, 0.0], [5.0, 5.0]), Vec2::ZERO);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fit_matrix_canvas_gpu_picks_agree() {
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(410.0, 290.0),
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 2.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let world_size = [800.0, 600.0];
        let density = 1.25;
        let vp_phys = [1250.0, 750.0];
        let canvas_dp = [vp_phys[0] / density, vp_phys[1] / density];
        let cam_center = cam.effective_center();
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, &cam);
        assert!((fit.0 - 2.0).abs() < 1e-4, "effective fit, got {fit:?}");
        let vp = cam.fit_matrix(canvas_dp, world_size);
        assert!(vp.is_finite());
        for world in [[400.0, 300.0], [410.0, 290.0], [0.0, 0.0], [800.0, 600.0]] {
            let [dx, dy] = world_to_dp(world, world_size, cam_center, fit);
            let px = [dx * density, dy * density];
            let ndc = vp.project_point3(glam::Vec3::new(world[0], world[1], 0.0));
            let gpu_px = [
                (ndc.x + 1.0) * 0.5 * vp_phys[0],
                (1.0 - ndc.y) * 0.5 * vp_phys[1],
            ];
            assert!(
                (px[0] - gpu_px[0]).abs() < 1e-2 && (px[1] - gpu_px[1]).abs() < 1e-2,
                "canvas/GPU disagree for {world:?}: canvas {px:?} vs gpu {gpu_px:?}"
            );
            let back =
                cam.dp_to_world_pt(canvas_dp, world_size, [px[0] / density, px[1] / density]);
            assert!(
                (back.x - world[0]).abs() < 1e-3 && (back.y - world[1]).abs() < 1e-3,
                "pick round trip for {world:?} gave {back:?}"
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn letterbox_pick_matches_draw() {
        // canvas 1600x900 dp, world 800x800 -> horizontal letterbox
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(400.0, 400.0),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let fit = effective_fit([1600.0, 900.0], [800.0, 800.0], &cam);
        let dp = world_to_dp([400.0, 400.0], [800.0, 800.0], cam.effective_center(), fit);
        let back = dp_to_world(dp, [800.0, 800.0], cam.effective_center(), fit);
        assert!((back[0] - 400.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (back[1] - 400.0).abs() < 1e-3);
        // Method and plain function share the same matrix.
        let m = cam.fit_matrix([1600.0, 900.0], [800.0, 800.0]);
        let plain = fit_view_proj([1600.0, 900.0], [800.0, 800.0], cam.effective_center(), fit);
        let dm = m - plain;
        let max = dm
            .to_cols_array()
            .iter()
            .fold(0.0f32, |a, b| a.max(b.abs()));
        assert!(max < 1e-5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn picks_ignore_viewport_origin() {
        let geom = FrameGeom {
            fit: (1.0, 100.0, 0.0),
            look: [0.0, 0.0],
            density: 1.25,
            viewport_px: [1250.0, 750.0],
            roll: 0.0,
            pivot: [400.0, 300.0],
        };
        let world_size = [800.0, 600.0];
        let a = pick_world([125.0, 75.0], geom, world_size);
        let b = pick_world([125.0, 75.0], geom, world_size);
        assert_eq!(a, b);
        let [wx, wy] = pick_world([125.0, 75.0], geom, world_size);
        assert!(
            (wx - 0.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (wy - 60.0).abs() < 1e-4,
            "local pick, got ({wx},{wy})"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn offset_shifts_look_and_draw_together() {
        // Shake rides the offset channel: the same world point draws and
        // picks with the offset applied.
        let world_size = [800.0, 600.0];
        let canvas_dp = [1000.0, 600.0];
        let mut cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(400.0, 300.0),
            offset: Vec2::new(10.0, -10.0),
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        assert_eq!(cam.effective_center(), [410.0, 290.0]);
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, &cam);
        let dp = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], world_size, cam.effective_center(), fit);
        let back = dp_to_world(dp, world_size, cam.effective_center(), fit);
        assert!((back[0] - 400.0).abs() < 1e-4 && (back[1] - 300.0).abs() < 1e-4);
        cam.offset = Vec2::ZERO;
        let dp2 = world_to_dp([400.0, 300.0], world_size, cam.effective_center(), fit);
        // Offset 10 world units at scale 1 moves the drawing by 10 dp.
        assert!((dp[0] - dp2[0] + 10.0).abs() < 1e-4);
        assert!((dp[1] - dp2[1] - 10.0).abs() < 1e-4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn touch_gate_and_screen_space() {
        use repose_core::Vec2 as RVec2;
        use repose_core::input::{
            Modifiers, PointerButton, PointerEvent, PointerEventKind, PointerId, PointerKind,
        };
        let ev_of = |kind: PointerKind| {
            let mut ev = PointerEvent::new(
                PointerId(3),
                kind,
                PointerEventKind::Down(PointerButton::Primary),
                RVec2 { x: 15.0, y: 27.0 },
                1.0,
                Modifiers::default(),
            );
            ev.origin = RVec2 { x: 5.0, y: 7.0 };
            ev.position = RVec2 { x: 10.0, y: 20.0 };
            ev
        };
        // Touch + pen forward to touch zones; mouse stays on clicks.
        assert!(is_touch(&ev_of(PointerKind::Touch)));
        assert!(is_touch(&ev_of(PointerKind::Pen)));
        assert!(!is_touch(&ev_of(PointerKind::Mouse)));
        // Touch zones sample window-physical px, which `window_position`
        // already carries: `origin + position` reconstructs the same
        // point rather than replacing it.
        let ev = ev_of(PointerKind::Touch);
        assert_eq!(ev.origin + ev.position, ev.position_in_window());
        assert_eq!(screen_of(&ev), [15.0, 27.0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn presses_track_per_pointer_id() {
        use std::cell::RefCell;
        use std::collections::HashMap;
        use std::rc::Rc;
        let presses: Rc<RefCell<HashMap<u64, [f32; 2]>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashMap::new()));
        let down = presses.clone();
        let up = presses.clone();
        let leave = presses.clone();
        let press_down = move |id: u64, at: [f32; 2]| {
            down.borrow_mut().insert(id, at);
        };
        let press_up = move |id: u64| up.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
        let press_leave = move |id: u64| {
            leave.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
        };
        press_down(1, [10.0, 10.0]);
        press_down(2, [200.0, 200.0]);
        assert_eq!(press_up(1), Some([10.0, 10.0]));
        assert_eq!(
            presses.borrow().get(&2),
            Some(&[200.0, 200.0]),
            "second finger press survives first finger lift"
        );
        press_leave(2);
        assert!(presses.borrow().is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn click_slop_cancels_drags() {
        assert!(click_within_slop([100.0, 100.0], [105.0, 105.0]));
        assert!(click_within_slop_dp([100.0, 100.0], [105.0, 105.0], 1.0));
        assert!(!click_within_slop_dp(
            [100.0, 100.0],
            [100.0 + CLICK_SLOP_DP + 1.0, 100.0],
            1.0
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn click_slop_is_density_independent() {
        // 12 dp at density 3 is 36 px: same tap cancels on both densities.
        assert!(click_within_slop_dp([0.0, 0.0], [36.0, 0.0], 3.0));
        assert!(!click_within_slop_dp([0.0, 0.0], [37.0, 0.0], 3.0));
        assert!(click_within_slop_dp([0.0, 0.0], [12.0, 0.0], 1.0));
        assert!(!click_within_slop_dp([0.0, 0.0], [13.0, 0.0], 1.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn aim_ignores_shake_while_pick_follows_it() {
        use super::{aim_world_unshaken, pick_world};
        let world_size = [800.0, 600.0];
        let canvas_dp = [800.0, 600.0];
        let mut cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(400.0, 300.0),
            offset: Vec2::new(10.0, -5.0),
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let fit = effective_fit(canvas_dp, world_size, &cam);
        let shaken = FrameGeom {
            fit,
            look: [
                cam.effective_center()[0] - world_size[0] * 0.5,
                cam.effective_center()[1] - world_size[1] * 0.5,
            ],
            density: 1.0,
            viewport_px: [800.0, 600.0],
            roll: 0.0,
            pivot: cam.effective_center(),
        };
        let px = [400.0, 300.0];
        let pick = pick_world(px, shaken, world_size);
        let aim = aim_world_unshaken(px, &cam, canvas_dp, world_size, 1.0);
        assert!(
            (pick[0] - aim[0] - 10.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (pick[1] - aim[1] + 5.0).abs() < 1e-3,
            "pick follows shake, aim does not: pick {pick:?} aim {aim:?}"
        );
        cam.offset = Vec2::ZERO;
        let aim_still = aim_world_unshaken(px, &cam, canvas_dp, world_size, 1.0);
        assert!(
            (aim[0] - aim_still[0]).abs() < 1e-3 && (aim[1] - aim_still[1]).abs() < 1e-3,
            "aim independent of shake: {aim:?} vs {aim_still:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn roll_roundtrips_and_moves_pixels() {
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(400.0, 300.0),
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 1.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let world = [800.0, 600.0];
        let dp = [1000.0, 600.0];
        let fit = effective_fit(dp, world, &cam);
        for p in [[400.0, 300.0], [500.0, 300.0], [0.0, 0.0]] {
            let fwd = world_to_dp_with_roll(p, world, cam.effective_center(), fit, cam.roll);
            let back = dp_to_world_with_roll(fwd, world, cam.effective_center(), fit, cam.roll);
            assert!(
                (back[0] - p[0]).abs() < 1e-3 && (back[1] - p[1]).abs() < 1e-3,
                "roll roundtrip for {p:?} gave {back:?}"
            );
        }
        let plain = world_to_dp([500.0, 300.0], world, cam.effective_center(), fit);
        let rolled =
            world_to_dp_with_roll([500.0, 300.0], world, cam.effective_center(), fit, cam.roll);
        assert!(
            (plain[0] - rolled[0]).abs() + (plain[1] - rolled[1]).abs() > 1.0,
            "roll must move pixels, plain {plain:?} rolled {rolled:?}"
        );
        let m0 = fit_view_proj_with_roll(dp, world, cam.effective_center(), fit, 0.0);
        let legacy = fit_view_proj(dp, world, cam.effective_center(), fit);
        assert_eq!(m0, legacy);
    }

    #[test]
    fn surface_tracks_roll_about_pivot() {
        let geom = FrameGeom {
            fit: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
            look: [0.0, 0.0],
            density: 1.0,
            viewport_px: [800.0, 600.0],
            roll: std::f32::consts::FRAC_PI_2,
            pivot: [400.0, 300.0],
        };
        let ([ox, oy], _) = surface_dp([500.0, 300.0], [10.0, 10.0], geom);
        assert!(
            (ox - 395.0).abs() < 1e-3 && (oy - 395.0).abs() < 1e-3,
            "rolled surface, got ({ox},{oy})"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn geom_handle_compat_wraps_legacy_handles() {
        use std::cell::Cell;
        use std::rc::Rc;
        let rc = Rc::new(Cell::new(FrameGeom {
            fit: (2.0, 1.0, 2.0),
            ..Default::default()
        }));
        let h: GeomHandle = rc.into();
        assert_eq!(h.get().fit, (2.0, 1.0, 2.0));
        let arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(FrameGeom::default()));
        let h2: GeomHandle = arc.into();
        assert_eq!(h2.get().density, 1.0);
    }
}

/// One decoded + magnified hardware-cursor frame.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct CursorFrame {
    pub rgba: Vec<u8>,
    pub size: [u16; 2],
    pub hotspot: [u16; 2],
    pub key: (i32, [u32; 3], u64, u32),
}

pub fn cursor_frame(
    strip: &[u8],
    strip_w: u32,
    strip_h: u32,
    frames: u32,
    frame: i32,
    cell: (u32, u32),
    origin: (f32, f32),
    tint: [f32; 4],
    mag: u32,
    strip_hash: u64,
) -> Option<CursorFrame> {
    let frames = frames.max(1) as i32;
    let frame = frame.clamp(0, frames - 1);
    let (cw, ch) = (cell.0.max(1), cell.1.max(1));
    if strip_w < cw * (frame as u32 + 1) || strip_h < ch {
        return None;
    }
    let mag = mag.clamp(1, 8);
    let tint_u8 = [
        (tint[0].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u32,
        (tint[1].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u32,
        (tint[2].clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0) as u32,
    ];
    let key = (frame, tint_u8, strip_hash, mag);
    let fx = (frame as u32 * cw) as usize;
    let (dw, dh) = (cw * mag, ch * mag);
    if dw > 2048 || dh > 2048 {
        return None;
    }
    let mut px = Vec::with_capacity((dw * dh * 4) as usize);
    for row in 0..ch {
        let start = ((row * strip_w) as usize + fx) * 4;
        let end = start + (cw as usize) * 4;
        let cell = strip.get(start..end)?;
        let mut mag_row = Vec::with_capacity((cw * mag * 4) as usize);
        for pix in cell.chunks_exact(4) {
            let t = [
                (pix[0] as u32 * tint_u8[0] / 255) as u8,
                (pix[1] as u32 * tint_u8[1] / 255) as u8,
                (pix[2] as u32 * tint_u8[2] / 255) as u8,
                pix[3],
            ];
            for _ in 0..mag {
                mag_row.extend_from_slice(&t);
            }
        }
        for _ in 0..mag {
            px.extend_from_slice(&mag_row);
        }
    }
    let (w16, h16) = (dw.min(2048) as u16, dh.min(2048) as u16);
    Some(CursorFrame {
        rgba: px,
        size: [w16, h16],
        hotspot: [
            (origin.0 * mag as f32)
                .round()
                .clamp(0.0, w16.saturating_sub(1) as f32) as u16,
            (origin.1 * mag as f32)
                .round()
                .clamp(0.0, h16.saturating_sub(1) as f32) as u16,
        ],
        key,
    })
}

/// Unproject one window-physical px point through this frame's camera.
pub fn unproject_px(
    px: Vec2,
    viewport_dp: [f32; 2],
    world_size: [f32; 2],
    density: f32,
    cam: &Camera2d,
) -> Vec2 {
    let d = if density.is_finite() && density > 1e-6 {
        density
    } else {
        1.0
    };
    let dp = [px.x / d, px.y / d];
    cam.dp_to_world_pt(viewport_dp, world_size, dp)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod unproject_tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn px_round_trips_through_fit() {
        let cam = Camera2d {
            center: Vec2::new(213.0, 120.0),
            offset: Vec2::ZERO,
            units_per_pixel: 1.0 / 3.0,
            zoom: 1.0,
            roll: 0.0,
            fit: FitMode::Keep,
        };
        let world = Vec2::new(100.0, 60.0);
        let viewport_dp = [1024.0, 600.0];
        let world_size = [1024.0, 600.0];
        let (s, ox, oy) = effective_fit(viewport_dp, world_size, &cam);
        let [dx, dy] = world_to_dp(
            [world.x, world.y],
            world_size,
            cam.effective_center(),
            (s, ox, oy),
        );
        let px = Vec2::new(dx * 1.25, dy * 1.25);
        let back = unproject_px(px, viewport_dp, world_size, 1.25, &cam);
        assert!(
            (back - world).length() < 0.01,
            "round trip, got {back:?} for {world:?}"
        );
    }
}