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reifydb_routine/function/math/
power.rs

1// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
2// Copyright (c) 2025 ReifyDB
3
4use num_traits::ToPrimitive;
5use reifydb_core::value::column::{Column, columns::Columns, data::ColumnData};
6use reifydb_type::{
7	fragment::Fragment,
8	value::{
9		container::number::NumberContainer,
10		decimal::Decimal,
11		int::Int,
12		r#type::{Type, input_types::InputTypes},
13		uint::Uint,
14	},
15};
16
17use crate::function::{Function, FunctionCapability, FunctionContext, FunctionInfo, error::FunctionError};
18
19pub struct Power {
20	info: FunctionInfo,
21}
22
23impl Default for Power {
24	fn default() -> Self {
25		Self::new()
26	}
27}
28
29impl Power {
30	pub fn new() -> Self {
31		Self {
32			info: FunctionInfo::new("math::power"),
33		}
34	}
35}
36
37fn convert_column_to_type(data: &ColumnData, target: Type, row_count: usize) -> ColumnData {
38	match target {
39		Type::Int1 => {
40			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
41			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
42			for i in 0..row_count {
43				if data.is_defined(i) {
44					result.push(get_as_i8(data, i));
45					bitvec.push(true);
46				} else {
47					result.push(0);
48					bitvec.push(false);
49				}
50			}
51			ColumnData::int1_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
52		}
53		Type::Int2 => {
54			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
55			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
56			for i in 0..row_count {
57				if data.is_defined(i) {
58					result.push(get_as_i16(data, i));
59					bitvec.push(true);
60				} else {
61					result.push(0);
62					bitvec.push(false);
63				}
64			}
65			ColumnData::int2_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
66		}
67		Type::Int4 => {
68			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
69			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
70			for i in 0..row_count {
71				if data.is_defined(i) {
72					result.push(get_as_i32(data, i));
73					bitvec.push(true);
74				} else {
75					result.push(0);
76					bitvec.push(false);
77				}
78			}
79			ColumnData::int4_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
80		}
81		Type::Int8 => {
82			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
83			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
84			for i in 0..row_count {
85				if data.is_defined(i) {
86					result.push(get_as_i64(data, i));
87					bitvec.push(true);
88				} else {
89					result.push(0);
90					bitvec.push(false);
91				}
92			}
93			ColumnData::int8_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
94		}
95		Type::Int16 => {
96			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
97			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
98			for i in 0..row_count {
99				if data.is_defined(i) {
100					result.push(get_as_i128(data, i));
101					bitvec.push(true);
102				} else {
103					result.push(0);
104					bitvec.push(false);
105				}
106			}
107			ColumnData::int16_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
108		}
109		Type::Uint1 => {
110			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
111			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
112			for i in 0..row_count {
113				if data.is_defined(i) {
114					result.push(get_as_u8(data, i));
115					bitvec.push(true);
116				} else {
117					result.push(0);
118					bitvec.push(false);
119				}
120			}
121			ColumnData::uint1_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
122		}
123		Type::Uint2 => {
124			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
125			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
126			for i in 0..row_count {
127				if data.is_defined(i) {
128					result.push(get_as_u16(data, i));
129					bitvec.push(true);
130				} else {
131					result.push(0);
132					bitvec.push(false);
133				}
134			}
135			ColumnData::uint2_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
136		}
137		Type::Uint4 => {
138			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
139			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
140			for i in 0..row_count {
141				if data.is_defined(i) {
142					result.push(get_as_u32(data, i));
143					bitvec.push(true);
144				} else {
145					result.push(0);
146					bitvec.push(false);
147				}
148			}
149			ColumnData::uint4_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
150		}
151		Type::Uint8 => {
152			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
153			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
154			for i in 0..row_count {
155				if data.is_defined(i) {
156					result.push(get_as_u64(data, i));
157					bitvec.push(true);
158				} else {
159					result.push(0);
160					bitvec.push(false);
161				}
162			}
163			ColumnData::uint8_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
164		}
165		Type::Uint16 => {
166			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
167			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
168			for i in 0..row_count {
169				if data.is_defined(i) {
170					result.push(get_as_u128(data, i));
171					bitvec.push(true);
172				} else {
173					result.push(0);
174					bitvec.push(false);
175				}
176			}
177			ColumnData::uint16_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
178		}
179		Type::Float4 => {
180			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
181			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
182			for i in 0..row_count {
183				if data.is_defined(i) {
184					result.push(get_as_f32(data, i));
185					bitvec.push(true);
186				} else {
187					result.push(0.0);
188					bitvec.push(false);
189				}
190			}
191			ColumnData::float4_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
192		}
193		Type::Float8 => {
194			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
195			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
196			for i in 0..row_count {
197				if data.is_defined(i) {
198					result.push(get_as_f64(data, i));
199					bitvec.push(true);
200				} else {
201					result.push(0.0);
202					bitvec.push(false);
203				}
204			}
205			ColumnData::float8_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
206		}
207		Type::Int => {
208			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
209			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
210			for i in 0..row_count {
211				if data.is_defined(i) {
212					result.push(Int::from(get_as_i128(data, i)));
213					bitvec.push(true);
214				} else {
215					result.push(Int::default());
216					bitvec.push(false);
217				}
218			}
219			ColumnData::int_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
220		}
221		Type::Uint => {
222			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
223			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
224			for i in 0..row_count {
225				if data.is_defined(i) {
226					result.push(Uint::from(get_as_u128(data, i)));
227					bitvec.push(true);
228				} else {
229					result.push(Uint::default());
230					bitvec.push(false);
231				}
232			}
233			ColumnData::uint_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
234		}
235		Type::Decimal => {
236			let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
237			let mut bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
238			for i in 0..row_count {
239				if data.is_defined(i) {
240					result.push(Decimal::from(get_as_f64(data, i)));
241					bitvec.push(true);
242				} else {
243					result.push(Decimal::default());
244					bitvec.push(false);
245				}
246			}
247			ColumnData::decimal_with_bitvec(result, bitvec)
248		}
249		_ => data.clone(),
250	}
251}
252
253fn get_as_i8(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> i8 {
254	match data {
255		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
256		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i8).unwrap_or(0),
257		_ => 0,
258	}
259}
260
261fn get_as_u8(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> u8 {
262	match data {
263		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
264		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u8).unwrap_or(0),
265		_ => 0,
266	}
267}
268
269fn get_as_i16(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> i16 {
270	match data {
271		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i16).unwrap_or(0),
272		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
273		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i16).unwrap_or(0),
274		_ => 0,
275	}
276}
277
278fn get_as_i32(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> i32 {
279	match data {
280		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i32).unwrap_or(0),
281		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i32).unwrap_or(0),
282		ColumnData::Int4(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
283		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i32).unwrap_or(0),
284		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i32).unwrap_or(0),
285		_ => 0,
286	}
287}
288
289fn get_as_i64(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> i64 {
290	match data {
291		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
292		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
293		ColumnData::Int4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
294		ColumnData::Int8(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
295		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
296		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
297		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i64).unwrap_or(0),
298		_ => 0,
299	}
300}
301
302fn get_as_i128(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> i128 {
303	match data {
304		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
305		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
306		ColumnData::Int4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
307		ColumnData::Int8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
308		ColumnData::Int16(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
309		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
310		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
311		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
312		ColumnData::Uint8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as i128).unwrap_or(0),
313		_ => 0,
314	}
315}
316
317fn get_as_u16(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> u16 {
318	match data {
319		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u16).unwrap_or(0),
320		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
321		_ => 0,
322	}
323}
324
325fn get_as_u32(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> u32 {
326	match data {
327		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u32).unwrap_or(0),
328		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u32).unwrap_or(0),
329		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
330		_ => 0,
331	}
332}
333
334fn get_as_u64(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> u64 {
335	match data {
336		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u64).unwrap_or(0),
337		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u64).unwrap_or(0),
338		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u64).unwrap_or(0),
339		ColumnData::Uint8(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
340		_ => 0,
341	}
342}
343
344fn get_as_u128(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> u128 {
345	match data {
346		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u128).unwrap_or(0),
347		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u128).unwrap_or(0),
348		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u128).unwrap_or(0),
349		ColumnData::Uint8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as u128).unwrap_or(0),
350		ColumnData::Uint16(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0),
351		_ => 0,
352	}
353}
354
355fn get_as_f32(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> f32 {
356	match data {
357		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
358		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
359		ColumnData::Int4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
360		ColumnData::Int8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
361		ColumnData::Int16(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
362		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
363		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
364		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
365		ColumnData::Uint8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
366		ColumnData::Uint16(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
367		ColumnData::Float4(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0.0),
368		ColumnData::Float8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f32).unwrap_or(0.0),
369		ColumnData::Int {
370			container,
371			..
372		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f32().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
373		ColumnData::Uint {
374			container,
375			..
376		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f32().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
377		ColumnData::Decimal {
378			container,
379			..
380		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f32().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
381		_ => 0.0,
382	}
383}
384
385fn get_as_f64(data: &ColumnData, i: usize) -> f64 {
386	match data {
387		ColumnData::Int1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
388		ColumnData::Int2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
389		ColumnData::Int4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
390		ColumnData::Int8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
391		ColumnData::Int16(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
392		ColumnData::Uint1(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
393		ColumnData::Uint2(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
394		ColumnData::Uint4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
395		ColumnData::Uint8(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
396		ColumnData::Uint16(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
397		ColumnData::Float4(c) => c.get(i).map(|&v| v as f64).unwrap_or(0.0),
398		ColumnData::Float8(c) => c.get(i).copied().unwrap_or(0.0),
399		ColumnData::Int {
400			container,
401			..
402		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
403		ColumnData::Uint {
404			container,
405			..
406		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
407		ColumnData::Decimal {
408			container,
409			..
410		} => container.get(i).map(|v| v.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)).unwrap_or(0.0),
411		_ => 0.0,
412	}
413}
414
415fn promote_two(left: Type, right: Type) -> Type {
416	if matches!(left, Type::Float4 | Type::Float8 | Type::Decimal)
417		|| matches!(right, Type::Float4 | Type::Float8 | Type::Decimal)
418	{
419		return Type::Decimal;
420	}
421	if left == Type::Int || right == Type::Int {
422		return Type::Int16;
423	}
424	if left == Type::Uint || right == Type::Uint {
425		if matches!(left, Type::Int1 | Type::Int2 | Type::Int4 | Type::Int8 | Type::Int16)
426			|| matches!(right, Type::Int1 | Type::Int2 | Type::Int4 | Type::Int8 | Type::Int16)
427		{
428			return Type::Int16;
429		}
430		return Type::Uint16;
431	}
432	Type::promote(left, right)
433}
434
435impl Function for Power {
436	fn info(&self) -> &FunctionInfo {
437		&self.info
438	}
439
440	fn capabilities(&self) -> &[FunctionCapability] {
441		&[FunctionCapability::Scalar]
442	}
443
444	fn return_type(&self, input_types: &[Type]) -> Type {
445		if input_types.len() >= 2 {
446			promote_two(input_types[0].clone(), input_types[1].clone())
447		} else {
448			Type::Float8
449		}
450	}
451
452	fn execute(&self, ctx: &FunctionContext, args: &Columns) -> Result<Columns, FunctionError> {
453		if args.len() != 2 {
454			return Err(FunctionError::ArityMismatch {
455				function: ctx.fragment.clone(),
456				expected: 2,
457				actual: args.len(),
458			});
459		}
460
461		let base_column = &args[0];
462		let exponent_column = &args[1];
463
464		let (base_data, base_bv) = base_column.data().unwrap_option();
465		let (exp_data, exp_bv) = exponent_column.data().unwrap_option();
466		let row_count = base_data.len();
467
468		let result_data = match (base_data, exp_data) {
469			(ColumnData::Int1(base), ColumnData::Int1(exp)) => {
470				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
471				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
472				for i in 0..row_count {
473					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
474						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
475							result.push(if e < 0 {
476								0
477							} else {
478								(b as i32).pow(e as u32)
479							});
480							res_bitvec.push(true);
481						}
482						_ => {
483							result.push(0);
484							res_bitvec.push(false);
485						}
486					}
487				}
488				ColumnData::int4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
489			}
490			(ColumnData::Int2(base), ColumnData::Int2(exp)) => {
491				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
492				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
493				for i in 0..row_count {
494					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
495						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
496							result.push(if e < 0 {
497								0
498							} else {
499								(b as i32).pow(e as u32)
500							});
501							res_bitvec.push(true);
502						}
503						_ => {
504							result.push(0);
505							res_bitvec.push(false);
506						}
507					}
508				}
509				ColumnData::int4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
510			}
511			(ColumnData::Int4(base), ColumnData::Int4(exp)) => {
512				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
513				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
514				for i in 0..row_count {
515					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
516						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
517							result.push(if e < 0 {
518								0
519							} else {
520								b.saturating_pow(e as u32)
521							});
522							res_bitvec.push(true);
523						}
524						_ => {
525							result.push(0);
526							res_bitvec.push(false);
527						}
528					}
529				}
530				ColumnData::int4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
531			}
532			(ColumnData::Int8(base), ColumnData::Int8(exp)) => {
533				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
534				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
535				for i in 0..row_count {
536					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
537						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
538							result.push(if e < 0 {
539								0
540							} else {
541								b.saturating_pow(e as u32)
542							});
543							res_bitvec.push(true);
544						}
545						_ => {
546							result.push(0);
547							res_bitvec.push(false);
548						}
549					}
550				}
551				ColumnData::int8_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
552			}
553			(ColumnData::Int16(base), ColumnData::Int16(exp)) => {
554				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
555				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
556				for i in 0..row_count {
557					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
558						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
559							result.push(if e < 0 {
560								0
561							} else {
562								b.saturating_pow(e as u32)
563							});
564							res_bitvec.push(true);
565						}
566						_ => {
567							result.push(0);
568							res_bitvec.push(false);
569						}
570					}
571				}
572				ColumnData::int16_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
573			}
574			(ColumnData::Float4(base), ColumnData::Float4(exp)) => {
575				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
576				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
577				for i in 0..row_count {
578					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
579						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
580							result.push(b.powf(e));
581							res_bitvec.push(true);
582						}
583						_ => {
584							result.push(0.0);
585							res_bitvec.push(false);
586						}
587					}
588				}
589				ColumnData::float4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
590			}
591			(ColumnData::Float8(base), ColumnData::Float8(exp)) => {
592				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
593				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
594				for i in 0..row_count {
595					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
596						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
597							result.push(b.powf(e));
598							res_bitvec.push(true);
599						}
600						_ => {
601							result.push(0.0);
602							res_bitvec.push(false);
603						}
604					}
605				}
606				ColumnData::float8_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
607			}
608			(ColumnData::Uint1(base), ColumnData::Uint1(exp)) => {
609				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
610				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
611				for i in 0..row_count {
612					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
613						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
614							result.push((b as u32).saturating_pow(e as u32));
615							res_bitvec.push(true);
616						}
617						_ => {
618							result.push(0);
619							res_bitvec.push(false);
620						}
621					}
622				}
623				ColumnData::uint4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
624			}
625			(ColumnData::Uint2(base), ColumnData::Uint2(exp)) => {
626				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
627				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
628				for i in 0..row_count {
629					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
630						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
631							result.push((b as u32).saturating_pow(e as u32));
632							res_bitvec.push(true);
633						}
634						_ => {
635							result.push(0);
636							res_bitvec.push(false);
637						}
638					}
639				}
640				ColumnData::uint4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
641			}
642			(ColumnData::Uint4(base), ColumnData::Uint4(exp)) => {
643				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
644				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
645				for i in 0..row_count {
646					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
647						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
648							result.push(b.saturating_pow(e));
649							res_bitvec.push(true);
650						}
651						_ => {
652							result.push(0);
653							res_bitvec.push(false);
654						}
655					}
656				}
657				ColumnData::uint4_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
658			}
659			(ColumnData::Uint8(base), ColumnData::Uint8(exp)) => {
660				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
661				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
662				for i in 0..row_count {
663					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
664						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
665							result.push(b.saturating_pow(e as u32));
666							res_bitvec.push(true);
667						}
668						_ => {
669							result.push(0);
670							res_bitvec.push(false);
671						}
672					}
673				}
674				ColumnData::uint8_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
675			}
676			(ColumnData::Uint16(base), ColumnData::Uint16(exp)) => {
677				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
678				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
679				for i in 0..row_count {
680					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
681						(Some(&b), Some(&e)) => {
682							result.push(b.saturating_pow(e as u32));
683							res_bitvec.push(true);
684						}
685						_ => {
686							result.push(0);
687							res_bitvec.push(false);
688						}
689					}
690				}
691				ColumnData::uint16_with_bitvec(result, res_bitvec)
692			}
693			(
694				ColumnData::Int {
695					container: base,
696					max_bytes,
697				},
698				ColumnData::Int {
699					container: exp,
700					..
701				},
702			) => {
703				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
704				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
705				for i in 0..row_count {
706					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
707						(Some(b), Some(e)) => {
708							let b_val = b.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
709							let e_val = e.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
710							result.push(Int::from(b_val.powf(e_val) as i64));
711							res_bitvec.push(true);
712						}
713						_ => {
714							result.push(Int::default());
715							res_bitvec.push(false);
716						}
717					}
718				}
719				ColumnData::Int {
720					container: NumberContainer::new(result),
721					max_bytes: *max_bytes,
722				}
723			}
724			(
725				ColumnData::Uint {
726					container: base,
727					max_bytes,
728				},
729				ColumnData::Uint {
730					container: exp,
731					..
732				},
733			) => {
734				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
735				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
736				for i in 0..row_count {
737					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
738						(Some(b), Some(e)) => {
739							let b_val = b.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
740							let e_val = e.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
741							result.push(Uint::from(b_val.powf(e_val) as u64));
742							res_bitvec.push(true);
743						}
744						_ => {
745							result.push(Uint::default());
746							res_bitvec.push(false);
747						}
748					}
749				}
750				ColumnData::Uint {
751					container: NumberContainer::new(result),
752					max_bytes: *max_bytes,
753				}
754			}
755			(
756				ColumnData::Decimal {
757					container: base,
758					precision,
759					scale,
760				},
761				ColumnData::Decimal {
762					container: exp,
763					..
764				},
765			) => {
766				let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
767				let mut res_bitvec = Vec::with_capacity(row_count);
768				for i in 0..row_count {
769					match (base.get(i), exp.get(i)) {
770						(Some(b), Some(e)) => {
771							let b_val = b.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
772							let e_val = e.0.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0);
773							result.push(Decimal::from(b_val.powf(e_val)));
774							res_bitvec.push(true);
775						}
776						_ => {
777							result.push(Decimal::default());
778							res_bitvec.push(false);
779						}
780					}
781				}
782				ColumnData::Decimal {
783					container: NumberContainer::new(result),
784					precision: *precision,
785					scale: *scale,
786				}
787			}
788			// Mixed-type case: promote both columns to a common type and recurse
789			_ => {
790				let base_type = base_data.get_type();
791				let exp_type = exp_data.get_type();
792
793				if !base_type.is_number() || !exp_type.is_number() {
794					return Err(FunctionError::InvalidArgumentType {
795						function: ctx.fragment.clone(),
796						argument_index: 0,
797						expected: InputTypes::numeric().expected_at(0).to_vec(),
798						actual: base_type,
799					});
800				}
801
802				let promoted_type = promote_two(base_type, exp_type);
803				let promoted_base = convert_column_to_type(base_data, promoted_type.clone(), row_count);
804				let promoted_exp = convert_column_to_type(exp_data, promoted_type, row_count);
805
806				let base_col = Column::new(Fragment::internal("base"), promoted_base);
807				let exp_col = Column::new(Fragment::internal("exp"), promoted_exp);
808				let promoted_columns = Columns::new(vec![base_col, exp_col]);
809
810				return self.call(ctx, &promoted_columns);
811			}
812		};
813
814		let combined_bitvec = match (base_bv, exp_bv) {
815			(Some(b), Some(e)) => Some(b.and(e)),
816			(Some(b), None) => Some(b.clone()),
817			(None, Some(e)) => Some(e.clone()),
818			(None, None) => None,
819		};
820
821		let final_data = if let Some(bv) = combined_bitvec {
822			ColumnData::Option {
823				inner: Box::new(result_data),
824				bitvec: bv,
825			}
826		} else {
827			result_data
828		};
829
830		Ok(Columns::new(vec![Column::new(ctx.fragment.clone(), final_data)]))
831	}
832}