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Per-column encoding implementations. Canonical is the dense unencoded layout; the compressed family covers all-none, bit-packed, constant, delta, delta-RLE, dictionary, frame-of-reference, run-length, and sparse forms. Each encoding produces and consumes the same encoded-bytes contract so compute kernels can be written once and work across encodings.
Picking an encoding for a write batch is a heuristic decision driven by the column’s statistics; choosing poorly does not change correctness, only space and read-time cost.