razeri_plugin_api/

conformance.rs

// Copyright (C) 2026 Gabriel Shea
// Licensed under either of the Apache License, Version 2.0 or the MIT
// license, at your option.

//! **Every obligation a dialect owes, reported at once.**
//!
//! A dialect owes Razeri more than the methods its traits require: decisions
//! whose default is another engine's answer, facts it declares twice that must
//! agree, the wording of its refusals, the names it answers to. Met one at a
//! time, each is a separate failing test, found only once it fires. This
//! module is the report that answers all of them in one pass.
//!
//! # Running it
//!
//! From your own crate's tests, where your dialect is linked and Razeri's
//! registry can see it:
//!
//! ```rust
//! # use razeri_plugin_api::conformance;
//! # fn example(my_dialect: &dyn razeri_plugin_api::PlatformDialect) {
//! let report = conformance::check(my_dialect);
//! assert!(report.is_clean(), "{report}");
//! # }
//! ```
//!
//! # What it can and cannot see
//!
//! Everything here is read off the dialect object, so it works wherever your
//! plugin compiles: it grades what your dialect declares and what its
//! renderers return. It runs no SQL, so anything only an engine can settle —
//! whether the SQL your dialect emits is the SQL that engine accepts — stays
//! yours to test against a real instance.
//!
//! # Your dialect's name
//!
//! Your platform's names are yours. `DialectInfo::name` is the one Razeri
//! reports, `aliases` is every other spelling a design may use for it, and the
//! resolver reads both off the dialects that are loaded — so the report asks
//! only that your own spellings reach you, and there is no table inside Razeri
//! for your platform to be missing from. The one thing it will tell you is that
//! a spelling you declared is one another loaded platform also answers to,
//! because then the spelling names neither of you.

use crate::PlatformDialect;
use razeri_plugin_contract::{
    BitwiseOperator, CatalogueReach, ColumnEvolution, Concat, ConstraintEnforcement, DataType,
    DdlRenderer, DialectCapabilities, DialectFamily, EntityRef, ExpressionRenderer,
    FormulaRenderer, HeldAs, MergeRestrictions, MergeShape, ProcedureForm, RoutineKind,
    RoutineSpec, ScalarFunctionForm, SliceRef, SliceReplacement, SqlRenderer, StorageRenderer,
    TableFunctionForm, TableRole, UNKNOWN_PLATFORM, WrittenObject,
    data_type::{ArrayDataType, MapDataType, StructDataType, StructField},
    storage_strategy::{
        CompressionStrategy, IndexStrategy, PartitionGranularity, PartitionStrategy, StoragePlan,
    },
};
use std::fmt;
use std::fmt::Write as _;

/// How much a finding matters.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub enum Severity {
    /// **This dialect will produce SQL its engine rejects.** Fix it before
    /// anything else.
    Blocking,
    /// **A question this dialect has not answered.** Razeri has a default and
    /// will use it; the default was written for a different engine.
    Unanswered,
    /// Worth a look. Nothing is broken.
    Note,
}

impl fmt::Display for Severity {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(match self {
            Self::Blocking => "must fix",
            Self::Unanswered => "unanswered",
            Self::Note => "worth a look",
        })
    }
}

/// One thing to fix, in the order a reader wants it: what is wrong, then what
/// to do about it.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Finding {
    /// How much it matters.
    pub severity: Severity,
    /// One line naming what is wrong.
    pub what: String,
    /// One line naming what to do.
    pub fix: String,
}

/// The whole report for one dialect.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Report {
    /// The dialect's registry name.
    pub dialect: String,
    /// Everything found, worst first.
    pub findings: Vec<Finding>,
    /// **The answers that shape a statement this dialect left to the
    /// contract**, in the order the bundle's files run — see
    /// [`taken_as_default`].
    pub taken_as_default: Vec<TakenAsDefault>,
}

/// **One answer a dialect left to the contract**: it answers as the
/// contract's own method body does, so Razeri writes the default's SQL there.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct TakenAsDefault {
    /// The trait and the method.
    pub name: &'static str,
    /// The file it shows up in.
    pub shows_in: &'static str,
    /// The contract's answer, which Razeri writes for this dialect.
    pub answer: String,
}

impl Report {
    /// Whether nothing blocking or unanswered was found.
    ///
    /// Notes do not fail a report: they are observations, not obligations.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_clean(&self) -> bool {
        !self.findings.iter().any(|f| f.severity != Severity::Note)
    }

    /// How many findings of one severity.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn count(&self, severity: Severity) -> usize {
        self.findings.iter().filter(|f| f.severity == severity).count()
    }
}

impl Report {
    /// **The report's opening and its findings**: what it read and what it
    /// ran, then each finding, worst first.
    ///
    /// The `Display` of the report is this and then the answers left to the
    /// contract; `razeri plugin conform` prints this and then the same answers
    /// with how many of the engines Razeri ships write their own.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn head(&self) -> String {
        let mut out = String::new();
        let name = &self.dialect;
        let blocking = self.count(Severity::Blocking);
        let summary = if self.findings.is_empty() {
            "nothing to fix".to_owned()
        } else {
            format!(
                "{blocking} to fix, {} unanswered, {} worth a look",
                self.count(Severity::Unanswered),
                self.count(Severity::Note)
            )
        };
        let _ = writeln!(out, "{name}: {summary}, in the answers this dialect states.");
        let zero = if blocking == 0 {
            let phrase = if self.findings.is_empty() { "nothing to fix" } else { "0 to fix" };
            format!(" \"{phrase}\" means no question is open, not that the SQL runs.")
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        let _ = writeln!(
            out,
            "This report read the dialect's answers and ran nothing on an engine.{zero} Only the \
             SQL Razeri renders for it, run on your engine, shows that it runs."
        );
        for finding in &self.findings {
            let _ = writeln!(out);
            let _ = writeln!(out, "  [{}] {}", finding.severity, finding.what);
            let _ = writeln!(out, "      → {}", finding.fix);
        }
        out
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Report {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&self.head())?;
        writeln!(f)?;
        if self.taken_as_default.is_empty() {
            return writeln!(
                f,
                "This dialect answers every question Razeri asks here about the shape of a \
                 statement differently from the contract's default."
            );
        }
        let count = self.taken_as_default.len();
        writeln!(
            f,
            "Taken as the contract's default: this dialect answers {count} {} as the contract's \
             default does, so Razeri writes the default's SQL, shown beside each. Confirm each \
             on your engine.",
            if count == 1 { "question" } else { "questions" }
        )?;
        for taken in &self.taken_as_default {
            writeln!(f)?;
            writeln!(f, "  {} → {}", taken.name, taken.answer)?;
            writeln!(f, "      in {}", taken.shows_in)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// **The four traits a statement's shape is asked of**, so one answer can be
/// read off a dialect and off the contract's own defaults alike.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum Asked {
    Sql(fn(&dyn SqlRenderer) -> String),
    Expression(fn(&dyn ExpressionRenderer) -> String),
    Ddl(fn(&dyn DdlRenderer) -> String),
    Capabilities(fn(&dyn DialectCapabilities) -> String),
}

/// One answer a dialect gives that decides the shape of a statement Razeri
/// writes, and the file of a bundle it shows up in.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
struct Seam {
    name: &'static str,
    shows_in: &'static str,
    asked: Asked,
}

impl Seam {
    /// The dialect's answer, as text two answers are compared by.
    fn answer_of(&self, dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect) -> String {
        match self.asked {
            Asked::Sql(answer) => answer(dialect),
            Asked::Expression(answer) => answer(dialect),
            Asked::Ddl(answer) => answer(dialect),
            Asked::Capabilities(answer) => answer(dialect),
        }
    }

    /// The contract's own answer, spelled with the dialect's quoting.
    fn default_of(&self, defaults: &ContractDefaults<'_>) -> String {
        match self.asked {
            Asked::Sql(answer) => answer(defaults),
            Asked::Expression(answer) => answer(defaults),
            Asked::Ddl(answer) => answer(defaults),
            Asked::Capabilities(answer) => answer(defaults),
        }
    }
}

/// **Every answer that shapes a statement Razeri writes into a bundle**, in
/// the order the bundle's files run.
///
/// Each is read by the render, so an answer written here changes what the
/// engine is given; and each is a statement an engine has refused when a
/// dialect left it to the contract. Answers this report grades elsewhere
/// (the routine forms, the key, the merge) are not repeated.
fn statement_seams() -> &'static [Seam] {
    SEAMS
}

const SCHEMA: &str = "schema.sql";
const LOADS: &str = "loads.sql";
const RECONCILE: &str = "reconcile.sql";
const EVERY: &str = "every file";
const fn seam(name: &'static str, shows_in: &'static str, asked: Asked) -> Seam {
    Seam { name, shows_in, asked }
}
const SEAMS: &[Seam] = &[
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::supports_if_not_exists",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| said(d.supports_if_not_exists())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::supports_primary_key_constraint",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| said(d.supports_primary_key_constraint())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::supports_foreign_key_constraint",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| said(d.supports_foreign_key_constraint())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_create_view_prefix",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(d.render_create_view_prefix())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_drop_view_prefix",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(&d.render_drop_view_prefix(true))),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_drop_table_prefix",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(&d.render_drop_table_prefix(true))),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_drop_function",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(&d.render_drop_function("f", &["BIGINT"], true))),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::supports_drop_function_arg_types",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| said(d.supports_drop_function_arg_types())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_create_schema_statement",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(&d.render_create_schema_statement("s", true))),
    ),
    seam(
        "DialectCapabilities::supports_schemas",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Capabilities(|d| said(d.supports_schemas())),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::uses_schema_in_qualified_names",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Sql(|d| said(d.uses_schema_in_qualified_names())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::supports_ddl_transactions",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| said(d.supports_ddl_transactions())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DdlRenderer::render_begin_transaction",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(d.render_begin_transaction())),
    ),
    seam("DdlRenderer::render_commit", SCHEMA, Asked::Ddl(|d| quoted(d.render_commit()))),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::scalar_function_body_is_expression",
        SCHEMA,
        Asked::Sql(|d| said(d.scalar_function_body_is_expression())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DialectCapabilities::max_identifier_length",
        EVERY,
        Asked::Capabilities(|d| said(d.max_identifier_length())),
    ),
    seam(
        "DialectCapabilities::begin_transaction_keyword",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Capabilities(|d| quoted(d.begin_transaction_keyword())),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::merge_source_requires_inlined_ctes",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Sql(|d| said(d.merge_source_requires_inlined_ctes())),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::insert_accepts_leading_ctes",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Sql(|d| said(d.insert_accepts_leading_ctes())),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::render_empty_table",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Sql(|d| quoted(&d.render_empty_table("t"))),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::render_procedure_variable_reference",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Sql(|d| quoted(&d.render_procedure_variable_reference("v"))),
    ),
    seam(
        "ExpressionRenderer::render_concat",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Expression(|d| quoted(&d.render_concat(&["a".into(), "b".into()]))),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::statement_separator",
        LOADS,
        Asked::Sql(|d| quoted(d.statement_separator())),
    ),
    seam(
        "SqlRenderer::render_one_row_source",
        RECONCILE,
        Asked::Sql(|d| match d.render_one_row_source() {
            Some(source) => quoted(&source),
            None => "none: a `SELECT` with no `FROM`".to_owned(),
        }),
    ),
];

/// A yes, a no or a number, as the report prints it.
fn said(answer: impl fmt::Display) -> String {
    format!("`{answer}`")
}

/// A piece of SQL, as the report prints it, its line breaks shown.
fn quoted(sql: &str) -> String {
    format!("`{}`", sql.replace('\n', "\\n"))
}

/// **The answers `dialect` left to the contract**, in the order the bundle's
/// files run.
///
/// A dialect "takes the default" when its answer is the one the contract's
/// own method body gives. That is read by asking both: the dialect, and a
/// stand-in that writes only what the contract requires — the column types,
/// the quoting, the qualified name and the current timestamp, borrowed from
/// the dialect — and answers every other question with the contract's
/// default. A dialect that wrote the default's answer out by hand reads the
/// same, and is listed to confirm, not as wrong.
#[must_use]
pub fn taken_as_default(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect) -> Vec<TakenAsDefault> {
    let defaults = ContractDefaults { graded: dialect };
    statement_seams()
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|seam| {
            let default = seam.default_of(&defaults);
            (seam.answer_of(dialect) == default).then_some(TakenAsDefault {
                name: seam.name,
                shows_in: seam.shows_in,
                answer: default,
            })
        })
        .collect()
}

/// A dialect that writes only what the contract requires, and borrows those
/// four answers from the dialect being graded: every other answer is the
/// contract's own default, spelled with the graded dialect's quoting.
struct ContractDefaults<'a> {
    graded: &'a dyn PlatformDialect,
}

impl SqlRenderer for ContractDefaults<'_> {
    fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
        self.graded.render_data_type(dt)
    }

    fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
        self.graded.quote_identifier(name)
    }

    fn qualify_name(&self, schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
        self.graded.qualify_name(schema, name)
    }

    fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
        self.graded.render_current_timestamp()
    }
}
impl ExpressionRenderer for ContractDefaults<'_> {}
impl DdlRenderer for ContractDefaults<'_> {}
impl DialectCapabilities for ContractDefaults<'_> {}

/// **The report.** Everything about this dialect that Razeri can check by
/// asking it.
///
/// Registration is checked against the dialects linked into this program. A
/// dialect the host loaded at run time is not among them, so report it with
/// [`check_with_registry`] and the registry it was loaded into.
#[must_use]
pub fn check(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect) -> Report {
    check_with_registry(dialect, &crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::with_auto_discovered())
}

/// The same report, against a registry the host built — the path for a dialect
/// loaded at run time rather than linked in.
#[must_use]
pub fn check_with_registry(
    dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect,
    registry: &crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry,
) -> Report {
    let info = dialect.info();
    let mut findings = Vec::new();

    check_registration(&info, registry, &mut findings);
    check_family(info.dialect_family, &mut findings);
    check_required_rendering(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_decisions(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_formula_renderer(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_evolution(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_run_again(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_transactions(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_paired_facts(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_schema_fold(dialect, &mut findings);
    check_deploy_client(&info, &mut findings);

    findings.sort_by_key(|f| f.severity);
    Report { dialect: info.name.to_owned(), findings, taken_as_default: taken_as_default(dialect) }
}

/// Every spelling this dialect answers to has to reach this dialect: its own
/// name, and each alias it declares.
///
/// That is the whole obligation, and it is one the author can meet from their
/// own crate — the spellings are the dialect's own, so there is no list inside
/// Razeri to be missing from and nothing here can ask for a change only Razeri
/// could make. What is worth saying is a spelling that reaches somewhere else:
/// one another loaded platform also claims (so it names neither, and Razeri
/// refuses it), or one that reaches a different platform because the registry
/// holds this dialect under another key.
fn check_registration(
    info: &crate::dialect::DialectInfo,
    registry: &crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry,
    findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
) {
    let name = info.name;
    if matches!(
        crate::resolve::resolve_dialect_by_name_with_registry(name, registry),
        Err(crate::ResolveError::UnknownDialect { .. })
    ) {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "the name `{name}` does not resolve — nothing in this program registered it"
            ),
            fix: "add `razeri_plugin_api::export_plugin!(register);` at the top of your \
                  crate's `lib.rs`, where `register` calls \
                  `builder.register_dialect(Arc::new(MyDialect))`. The one line makes the \
                  dialect one the registry finds, whether razeri loads your library from a \
                  plugin directory or links your crate in."
                .to_owned(),
        });
        return;
    }
    for spelling in info.spellings() {
        match crate::resolve::resolve_dialect_by_name_with_registry(spelling, registry) {
            Ok(found) if found.info().name == name => {}
            Ok(found) => findings.push(Finding {
                severity: Severity::Blocking,
                what: format!("`{spelling}` reaches `{}` rather than `{name}`", found.info().name),
                fix: format!(
                    "the registry holds `{name}` under another key. Register it under its own \
                     name, or drop `{spelling}` from its aliases."
                ),
            }),
            Err(crate::ResolveError::AmbiguousName { claimed_by, .. }) => findings.push(Finding {
                severity: Severity::Blocking,
                what: format!(
                    "`{spelling}` is claimed by more than one loaded platform ({}), so it names \
                     none of them — Razeri refuses that spelling rather than guessing which one \
                     a design meant",
                    claimed_by.join(" and ")
                ),
                fix: format!(
                    "give this dialect a name no other platform answers to. A platform name is \
                     read off the loaded dialects' own declared spellings, so a spelling another \
                     platform already claims is never `{name}`'s."
                ),
            }),
            Err(_) => findings.push(Finding {
                severity: Severity::Blocking,
                what: format!(
                    "`{spelling}` is declared as a spelling of `{name}` but reaches no platform"
                ),
                fix: format!(
                    "the `{name}` in the registry is a different build of this dialect and does \
                     not declare `{spelling}`. Register the one you are grading."
                ),
            }),
        }
    }
}

/// A family is a claim about spelling, so an unmeasured engine claiming a
/// measured family's name licenses SQL it may reject.
fn check_family(family: DialectFamily, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    if matches!(family, DialectFamily::Custom(name) if name.trim().is_empty()) {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect's family is a custom one with no name".to_owned(),
            fix: "give `DialectFamily::Custom` your engine's own name — it is what a report \
                  prints and what a reader looks up."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// The four required methods must answer for every type a design can declare.
fn check_required_rendering(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let declarable = declarable_types();
    let empty_column: Vec<String> = declarable
        .iter()
        .filter(|dt| SqlRenderer::render_data_type(dialect, dt).trim().is_empty())
        .map(|dt| format!("{dt:?}"))
        .collect();
    if !empty_column.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "`render_data_type` answers nothing for {} of the types a design can declare",
                empty_column.len()
            ),
            fix: "every declarable type needs a column spelling on this engine, even if the \
                  spelling is a wider type that stores it. A blank answer becomes a column \
                  declaration with no type in it."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    let empty_cast: Vec<String> = declarable
        .iter()
        .filter(|dt| SqlRenderer::render_cast_type(dialect, dt).trim().is_empty())
        .map(|dt| format!("{dt:?}"))
        .collect();
    if !empty_cast.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "`render_cast_type` answers nothing for {} declarable types",
                empty_cast.len()
            ),
            fix: "the generated load opens by casting every source column to its declared type, \
                  so a blank answer fails the load on its first statement."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    let quoted = SqlRenderer::quote_identifier(dialect, "order");
    if quoted == "order" {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`quote_identifier` returns the identifier unchanged, so a reserved word \
                   reaches this engine bare"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "wrap the identifier in whatever this engine quotes with — double quotes, \
                  backticks, or brackets."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    if SqlRenderer::render_current_timestamp(dialect).trim().is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`render_current_timestamp` answers nothing, and every generated load stamps \
                   a row with it"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "return this engine's own expression for the current moment.".to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **Reading a file in a named encoding**, where the dialect states a way to.
///
/// The same path question [`check_decisions`] asks of the plain relation, for
/// the same reason, plus one only this method can get wrong: an engine that
/// reads no file at all cannot read one in a named encoding, and a dialect that
/// answers here and not there states a relation nothing will ever ask it for.
///
/// Parameters:
/// - `dialect`: the plugin under test.
/// - `probe`: the same quoted path literal the plain relation was asked about.
/// - `findings`: where anything wrong is recorded.
fn check_encoded_file_relation(
    dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect,
    probe: &str,
    findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
) {
    let Some(relation) =
        SqlRenderer::delimited_file_relation_in_encoding(dialect, probe, "windows-1252")
    else {
        return;
    };
    if !relation.contains(probe) {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`delimited_file_relation_in_encoding` returns a relation that does not carry \
                   the path it was given"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "put the literal you were handed where your engine's file relation takes a \
                  path. It arrives already quoted and escaped."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    if SqlRenderer::delimited_file_relation(dialect, probe).is_none() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect states how to read a file in a named encoding and states no way \
                   to read a file at all"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `delimited_file_relation` as well, or answer neither. Razeri asks the \
                  first question before the second — a source whose bytes are UTF-8 never \
                  reaches the encoding arm — so an engine that answers only the second has \
                  written a relation nothing will ask it for."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// The decisions a dialect states rather than inherits.
fn check_decisions(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let spelling = SqlRenderer::sid_spelling(dialect);
    if spelling.platform == UNKNOWN_PLATFORM {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect states no surrogate-key spelling, so every key it renders calls \
                   an `xxhash64` its engine very likely does not have"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "override `SqlRenderer::sid_spelling`. Say how this engine writes a \
                  replacement and a Unicode literal, how it joins strings, how it casts to text, \
                  and how it spells a 64-bit hash. If it has no portable hash, name an artifact your prerequisites install \
                  — never the nearest-looking built-in, which keys a warehouse to a number \
                  nothing else can reproduce."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // A join with no name in it writes `(a, '|', b)` or `a  '|'  b`: a
    // composite key the engine cannot parse, met at the first load that
    // joins two parts.
    let join = match spelling.concat {
        Concat::Function(name) | Concat::FunctionBinary(name) | Concat::Operator(name) => name,
        Concat::Plus => "+",
    };
    if join.trim().is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect's surrogate-key spelling joins the parts of a composite key \
                   with a function or operator that has no name"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "name what your engine joins strings with in `SidSpelling::concat`: \
                  `Concat::Function(\"CONCAT\")`, `Concat::FunctionBinary(\"CONCAT\")` where it \
                  takes exactly two arguments, or `Concat::Operator(\"||\")` where it has an \
                  operator and no function."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // **A stated body that says nothing is worse than no body at all.** Razeri
    // writes the `CREATE FUNCTION` envelope around whatever comes back, so an
    // empty one deploys cleanly and returns nothing — every key in the
    // warehouse is then the sentinel or garbage, under a green deploy.
    if let Some(supplied) = SqlRenderer::sid_helper_body(dialect)
        && supplied.body.trim().is_empty()
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect says its surrogate-key helper has a body Razeri cannot compose, \
                   and then supplies an empty one"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "return the body that computes XXH64 with seed 0 over the UTF-8 bytes of the \
                  one argument, or answer `None` and let Razeri compose the derivation from \
                  your `sid_spelling`. An empty body deploys without error and keys every row \
                  to nothing."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // A file relation that drops its path reads the same file for every entity
    // — one table filled, the rest filled wrong, and nothing about it fails.
    let probe = "'/razeri/probe.csv'";
    if let Some(relation) = SqlRenderer::delimited_file_relation(dialect, probe)
        && !relation.contains(probe)
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`delimited_file_relation` returns a relation that does not carry the path it \
                   was given"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "put the literal you were handed where your engine's file relation takes a \
                  path. It arrives already quoted and escaped. A relation that drops it reads \
                  one file for every entity the design binds, and the generated fill loads the \
                  wrong rows without failing."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    check_encoded_file_relation(dialect, probe, findings);
    check_routine_forms(dialect, findings);
    check_slice_replacement(dialect, findings);

    // The note is what a reader of the DDL learns from, and on an engine with
    // no keyword of its own it is the ONLY place they can learn it.
    if let ConstraintEnforcement::DeclaredOnly(declared) =
        DdlRenderer::constraint_enforcement(dialect)
        && declared.note.split_whitespace().count() < 5
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect says its engine accepts constraints it does not enforce, and \
                   the note explaining that says almost nothing"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "a reader of your rendered DDL sees a PRIMARY KEY that looks like a \
                  guarantee. Say what this engine really does with the declaration, and where \
                  the guarantee has to come from instead."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // **The two refusals are different findings, and that is the point of the
    // second variant.** `None` is silence, and silence is unanswered. A stated
    // `Unsupported` is a measured claim; what is left to grade there is whether
    // the sentence is worth reading, because it is the only thing an operator
    // gets where the load would have been.
    match DialectCapabilities::merge_shape(dialect) {
        MergeShape::None => findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Unanswered,
            what: "this dialect has not stated its upsert shape, so Razeri writes no generated \
                   load for it"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "if this engine has a MERGE or an upsert statement, say which in \
                  `DialectCapabilities::merge_shape`. If it genuinely has neither, answer \
                  `MergeShape::Unsupported` with your engine's own sentence — a refusal an \
                  operator can act on, rather than a silence."
                .to_owned(),
        }),
        MergeShape::Unsupported(orientation) => {
            check_refusal_copy("the upsert refusal", orientation, findings);
        }
        MergeShape::Merge(restrictions) => check_merge_restrictions(restrictions, findings),
        _ => {}
    }
}

/// **A dialect that names a verb for replacing one slice has to put the slice
/// in it.**
///
/// Most dialects answer nothing here, and nothing is a complete answer: Razeri
/// then writes a delete filtered to the slice, which is correct on every
/// engine. What is worth grading is the dialect that *does* answer, because its
/// statement runs in front of a load's write and clears rows. A statement that
/// forgot the value it was handed does not clear the day this call was given —
/// it clears some other day, or every day, and the load then reports success
/// over a table it emptied.
///
/// The probe is a daily partition of a date column, which is the case every
/// partition-level verb is allowed to answer for. A dialect that answers
/// nothing to it has said the portable form is what it wants.
fn check_slice_replacement(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    const VALUE: &str = "$razeri_slice_probe";
    let plan = StoragePlan {
        partition: PartitionStrategy::RangeByTimeDimension {
            field: "razeri_probe_day".to_owned(),
            granularity: PartitionGranularity::Day,
            retention: None,
            look_ahead: None,
            window: razeri_plugin_contract::storage_strategy::PartitionWindow::default(),
        },
        compression: CompressionStrategy::None,
        index: IndexStrategy::None,
    };
    let day = DataType::date();
    let columns = ["razeri_probe_day"];
    let entity = EntityRef {
        schema: Some("razeri_probe"),
        name: "razeri_probe_table",
        role: TableRole::Written,
        columns: &columns,
        partition_column_type: Some(&day),
    };
    let slice = SliceRef { column: "razeri_probe_day", value: VALUE };
    let Some(answer) = StorageRenderer::render_slice_replacement(dialect, entity, &plan, slice)
    else {
        return;
    };

    let carries = match &answer {
        SliceReplacement::Emptied(statements) => {
            !statements.is_empty() && statements.iter().all(|sql| sql.contains(VALUE))
        }
        SliceReplacement::WrittenByInsert(clause) => clause.contains(VALUE),
    };
    // **A verb that carries the slice is graded nowhere**, deliberately. The
    // kit cannot tell a measured answer from a lucky one, and a note on every
    // dialect that got it right would fire on exactly the dialects that need no
    // help. What is left to say is said where it is useful — in the trait's own
    // documentation, which an author reads before writing the override.
    if carries {
        return;
    }
    findings.push(Finding {
        severity: Severity::Blocking,
        what: "`render_slice_replacement` returns a statement that does not carry the slice it \
               was handed"
            .to_owned(),
        fix: "put the value you were given where your statement names the slice, and build any \
              partition NAME from it the same way your extend procedure built it. A replacement \
              that drops the value clears a slice this call was not given — or every slice — \
              and the load reports success over what it emptied."
            .to_owned(),
    });
}

/// **The two halves of an evolution, held together**: what this engine says it
/// keeps when a loaded table changes shape, and the statement it writes for the
/// change.
///
/// An answer left at its default is graded nowhere, for the reason
/// [`check_merge_restrictions`] states: from outside, a measured *"my engine
/// does not do that"* and a question nobody asked read the same, and a finding
/// made out of that silence would fire on every dialect.
///
/// What is worth saying is a **pair that disagrees**. A dialect that says its
/// engine widens a string in place and then writes no statement for a widening
/// has told Razeri to call the change safe and left the operator to work out
/// the `ALTER` alone — a gap that reads to them as Razeri not having finished.
/// And a dialect that answers `None` to a new column has declined the one
/// evolution every warehouse has, which is nearly always an override that meant
/// to narrow something and narrowed everything.
fn check_evolution(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let answers = DialectCapabilities::evolution_answers(dialect);
    let boolean = DataType::boolean();
    let long = DataType::varchar(40);

    if DdlRenderer::render_column_evolution(
        dialect,
        &ColumnEvolution::AddColumn {
            schema: Some("s"),
            table: "t",
            column: "c",
            data_type: &boolean,
        },
    )
    .is_none()
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect writes no statement for a column that is new, which is the \
                  commonest change a deployed warehouse ever sees"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `ColumnEvolution::AddColumn` in `render_column_evolution`, or drop the \
                 override and take the contract's `ALTER TABLE … ADD COLUMN …`, which most \
                 engines take; some write `ADD` without `COLUMN`, so run it on yours first. An \
                 engine that genuinely has no way to add a column is worth saying out loud in \
                 the crate's own documentation."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    if answers.parameterized_string_widening_is_lossless
        && DdlRenderer::render_column_evolution(
            dialect,
            &ColumnEvolution::WidenColumn {
                schema: Some("s"),
                table: "t",
                column: "c",
                data_type: &long,
            },
        )
        .is_none()
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Note,
            what: "this dialect says its engine widens a string's declared length in place, and \
                  writes no statement for the change"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `ColumnEvolution::WidenColumn` in `render_column_evolution` with this \
                 engine's spelling of it. Without it Razeri tells an operator the widening \
                 costs nothing and then hands them nothing to run, which reads as Razeri not \
                 having finished rather than as a statement they own."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    if answers.nested_field_addition_is_lossless
        && DdlRenderer::render_column_evolution(
            dialect,
            &ColumnEvolution::AddNestedField {
                schema: Some("s"),
                table: "t",
                column: "c",
                field: "f",
                data_type: &long,
            },
        )
        .is_none()
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Note,
            what: "this dialect says its engine keeps every value when a record gains a field, \
                  and writes no statement for the change"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `ColumnEvolution::AddNestedField` in `render_column_evolution`. Some \
                 engines name the new field; some restate the whole column's type, which is \
                 why the change carries both the field's path and the column's type with the \
                 field in it."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **The statements a redeploy and a file of drops run again**, each carrying
/// the object it was handed.
///
/// A drop that forgot the column it was asked about drops another one, or
/// none, under a green run; a guard around a `CREATE TABLE` that left the
/// statement out makes nothing, and the next file meets a table that is not
/// there. Each answer is asked about a table of the dialect's own spelling and
/// read for the names it was given.
fn check_run_again(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let schema = SqlRenderer::quote_identifier(dialect, "razeri_probe_schema");
    let name = SqlRenderer::quote_identifier(dialect, "razeri_probe_table");
    let relation = format!("{schema}.{name}");
    let table = WrittenObject::new(Some(&schema), &name, &relation);
    let column = SqlRenderer::quote_identifier(dialect, "razeri_probe_column");
    let mut lost: Vec<&str> = Vec::new();

    match DdlRenderer::render_drop_column(dialect, table, &column, false) {
        Some(drop) if drop.text().contains(&column) => {}
        _ => lost.push("render_drop_column"),
    }
    if let Some(guarded) = DdlRenderer::render_drop_column(dialect, table, &column, true)
        && !guarded.text().contains(&column)
    {
        lost.push("render_drop_column (only where it stands)");
    }
    for only_where_it_stands in [false, true] {
        if let Some(drop) = DdlRenderer::render_drop_view(dialect, table, only_where_it_stands)
            && !drop.text().contains(&name)
        {
            lost.push("render_drop_view");
        }
    }
    let create = format!("CREATE TABLE {relation} (a INTEGER)");
    if let Some(guarded) = DdlRenderer::render_create_table_if_absent(dialect, table, &create)
        && !guarded.text().contains(&create)
    {
        lost.push("render_create_table_if_absent");
    }
    lost.dedup();
    if !lost.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "{} returns a statement that does not carry the object it was handed",
                lost.join(", ")
            ),
            fix: "put the names you were given where your statement names the object, and keep \
                  a create you guard whole inside the guard. A drop that loses its column drops \
                  another one or none, and a guard that loses its statement makes nothing — \
                  both under a run that reports success."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // A comparison that loses the value it stands for compares something
    // else, and the load's search for a row that arrives twice finds none.
    let value = "razeri_probe_value";
    let loses_its_value = declarable_types().iter().any(|data_type| {
        [HeldAs::Declared, HeldAs::Converted].into_iter().any(|held| {
            ExpressionRenderer::render_comparable(dialect, value, data_type, held)
                .is_some_and(|compared| !compared.contains(value))
        })
    });
    if loses_its_value {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`render_comparable` answers an expression that does not carry the value it \
                   stands for"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer the value itself where your engine compares the type directly, an \
                  expression over it where it compares one only that way, and `None` where it \
                  cannot compare one at all — then Razeri refuses such a column by name."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    // A text ceiling of nothing refuses every varchar, and a blank word for
    // what a text cannot be says nothing beside the type.
    if let Some(limits) = DialectCapabilities::text_limits(dialect)
        && (limits.longest_varchar == Some(0)
            || limits.text_is_not.is_some_and(|what| what.trim().is_empty()))
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`text_limits` states a longest varchar of 0, or a blank word for what an \
                   unbounded text cannot be"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "state the longest varchar(n) your engine creates — one more is refused at \
                  CREATE TABLE — and name what it refuses a text column as, or leave it None."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    match DialectCapabilities::catalogue_reach(dialect) {
        CatalogueReach::HeldColumnsOnly(reason) | CatalogueReach::Nothing(reason) => {
            check_refusal_copy("the reason the schema check is not asked", reason, findings);
        }
        _ => {}
    }
}

/// **A begin statement that leaves the commit to the client**, said by an
/// engine that has no transaction spanning statements, is two answers that
/// cannot both be true.
fn check_transactions(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    // A log line answered with no text writes a blank statement into every
    // routine that logs; `None` is how an engine with no log statement says so.
    if SqlRenderer::render_procedure_log(
        dialect,
        razeri_plugin_contract::ProcedureLogLevel::Info,
        "'razeri'",
    )
    .is_some_and(|line| line.trim().is_empty())
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`render_procedure_log` answers a log line with no text in it".to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `None` where your engine has no statement that writes a message: the \
                  line is then left out of the routine."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    if DialectCapabilities::begin_leaves_the_commit_to_the_client(dialect)
        && !DialectCapabilities::supports_multi_statement_transactions(dialect)
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect says its begin statement leaves the commit to the client, and \
                   that its engine has no transaction spanning statements"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `begin_leaves_the_commit_to_the_client` only for an engine whose loads \
                  run in one transaction. Where there is none, the bundle already tells the \
                  operator the boundary is theirs."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **What a stated `MERGE` restriction changes about the SQL Razeri writes for
/// this engine**, said back to the author while the claim is still cheap to
/// withdraw.
///
/// A restriction left at its default costs nothing and is graded nowhere: the
/// kit cannot tell a measured *"my engine is fine with this"* from a question
/// nobody asked, and inventing a finding out of that silence would fire on
/// every dialect. What it can do is report the restriction a dialect does
/// state, because each one makes Razeri emit something other than the
/// statement it emits everywhere else.
fn check_merge_restrictions(restrictions: MergeRestrictions, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    if restrictions.slice_pruning_needs_literal {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Note,
            what: "this dialect says its planner reads one slice of a partitioned table only \
                   from a literal, so a load scoped to one day cannot simply bind the day"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "Razeri will put the day into the statement text through this engine's \
                  dynamic-execution form rather than binding it to the load procedure's \
                  parameter. Confirm that is what your engine wants: the statement is composed \
                  once per call and its text differs per day, which some planners cache and \
                  some do not. If a bound parameter does prune here, drop the restriction and \
                  Razeri binds it like everywhere else."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// The one override nothing tells an author about, and every formula in every
/// design goes through it — and the operators a formula is written with.
fn check_formula_renderer(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    // An operator answered with no text writes `a  b`, which reads as two
    // values side by side. `None` is the answer for an operator the engine
    // lacks, and it is refused by name where a formula needs it.
    let bitwise = BitwiseOperator::ALL.map(|operator| {
        (
            format!("render_bitwise_operator({operator:?})"),
            FormulaRenderer::render_bitwise_operator(dialect, operator),
        )
    });
    let blank: Vec<String> = [
        ("render_power_operator".to_owned(), FormulaRenderer::render_power_operator(dialect)),
        ("render_ilike_operator".to_owned(), FormulaRenderer::render_ilike_operator(dialect)),
        (
            "render_not_ilike_operator".to_owned(),
            FormulaRenderer::render_not_ilike_operator(dialect),
        ),
        ("render_concat_operator".to_owned(), FormulaRenderer::render_concat_operator(dialect)),
    ]
    .into_iter()
    .chain(bitwise)
    .filter(|(_, answer)| answer.as_deref().is_some_and(|op| op.trim().is_empty()))
    .map(|(method, _)| method)
    .collect();
    if !blank.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!("{} answers an operator with no text in it", blank.join(", ")),
            fix: "answer `None` where your engine has no such operator: a formula that needs it \
                  is then refused by name, and the reader is told to write the function your \
                  engine has. An empty answer writes the two operands side by side."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    let formula = SqlRenderer::to_formula_renderer(dialect);
    let dialect_name = SqlRenderer::dialect_name(dialect);
    if formula.dialect_name() != dialect_name && dialect_name != "ansi" {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "`to_formula_renderer` was not overridden, so every formula in every design \
                   renders through Razeri's ANSI defaults instead of this dialect"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "return `Box::new(Self)`. It is one line, nothing fails without it, and every \
                  formula this engine sees is silently somebody else's."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **The three routine grammars a dialect states**, and what each answer owes.
///
/// A grammar Razeri carries needs nothing further. A refusal owes words a
/// reader can act on. `Custom` owes the render method it promised — see
/// [`check_custom_grammar`].
fn check_routine_forms(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    match SqlRenderer::procedure_form(dialect) {
        // Razeri's own agnostic renderer answers `Agnostic` on purpose: the
        // annotated form IS its output. Every other dialect that answers it has
        // simply not said.
        ProcedureForm::Agnostic if SqlRenderer::is_agnostic_dialect(dialect) => {}
        ProcedureForm::Agnostic => findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Unanswered,
            what: "this dialect states no stored-procedure grammar, so Razeri emits its own \
                   annotated form — which no engine parses"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "override `SqlRenderer::procedure_form` with the grammar this engine speaks, \
                  or with `ProcedureForm::Unsupported(\"…\")` and a sentence saying what it \
                  offers instead."
                .to_owned(),
        }),
        ProcedureForm::Unsupported(orientation) => {
            check_refusal_copy("the stored-procedure refusal", orientation, findings);
            if DialectCapabilities::supports_stored_procedures(dialect) {
                findings.push(Finding {
                    severity: Severity::Blocking,
                    what: "this dialect says its engine has stored procedures, and its \
                           procedure form refuses to write one"
                        .to_owned(),
                    fix: "decide which is true. If the engine has none, leave \
                          `DialectCapabilities::supports_stored_procedures` at `false`; if it \
                          has them, answer `procedure_form` with the grammar it speaks."
                        .to_owned(),
                });
            }
        }
        ProcedureForm::Custom(grammar) => check_custom_grammar(
            CustomGrammar {
                kind: RoutineKind::Procedure,
                grammar,
                form_method: "procedure_form",
                render_method: "render_procedure",
                noun: "procedures",
            },
            |spec| SqlRenderer::render_procedure(dialect, spec),
            findings,
        ),
        _ => {}
    }
    check_procedures_are_used(dialect, findings);

    match SqlRenderer::scalar_function_form(dialect) {
        ScalarFunctionForm::Unsupported(orientation) => {
            check_refusal_copy("the scalar-function refusal", orientation, findings);
        }
        ScalarFunctionForm::Custom(grammar) => check_custom_grammar(
            CustomGrammar {
                kind: RoutineKind::ScalarFunction,
                grammar,
                form_method: "scalar_function_form",
                render_method: "render_scalar_function",
                noun: "scalar functions",
            },
            |spec| SqlRenderer::render_scalar_function(dialect, spec),
            findings,
        ),
        _ => {}
    }

    match SqlRenderer::table_function_form(dialect) {
        TableFunctionForm::Unsupported(orientation) => {
            check_refusal_copy("the table-function refusal", orientation, findings);
        }
        TableFunctionForm::Custom(grammar) => check_custom_grammar(
            CustomGrammar {
                kind: RoutineKind::TableFunction,
                grammar,
                form_method: "table_function_form",
                render_method: "render_table_function",
                noun: "table functions",
            },
            |spec| SqlRenderer::render_table_function(dialect, spec),
            findings,
        ),
        _ => {}
    }

    check_parameter_type_spelling(dialect, findings);
}

/// **A dialect that spells its own procedures has to say its engine has
/// them**, or Razeri never writes one.
///
/// Two answers carry the fact. `procedure_form` says how a procedure is
/// written; `DialectCapabilities::supports_stored_procedures` says whether a
/// load is one, and its default is `false`. A dialect that answers `Custom`
/// and leaves the capability alone renders a procedure nothing asks for:
/// every load is written as plain statements, and the bundle says the engine
/// has no stored procedures. A grammar Razeri carries is left out on purpose,
/// because Razeri keeps that pair for its own engines: `ClickHouse`'s form
/// writes executable functions, which no load runs as a procedure.
fn check_procedures_are_used(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let Some(grammar) = SqlRenderer::procedure_form(dialect).custom_grammar() else {
        return;
    };
    if DialectCapabilities::supports_stored_procedures(dialect) {
        return;
    }
    findings.push(Finding {
        severity: Severity::Blocking,
        what: format!(
            "this dialect writes procedures in {grammar:?} and says its engine has none, so no \
             load is ever written as one"
        ),
        fix: "answer `DialectCapabilities::supports_stored_procedures` with `true`. Razeri asks \
              it before it writes a load as a procedure, and its default is `false`."
            .to_owned(),
    });
}

/// **A parameter's type is not always spelled the way a column's is**, and this
/// asks whether the dialect has looked.
///
/// Oracle is the measured case: a column there takes `NUMBER(19, 0)` and
/// `VARCHAR2(100)`, and the same types in a parameter list are a compile error
/// — the bare `NUMBER` and `VARCHAR2` are what a parameter clause takes, with
/// the precision belonging on the local declaration instead. A dialect that has
/// not said otherwise gets the column spelling in its parameter lists, which is
/// right for most engines and a routine that will not compile on one like that.
///
/// It is a note and not a failure, because for most engines the two spellings
/// genuinely are the same and there is nothing to say. And it is asked only of a
/// dialect spelling a grammar of its own, because that is the population where
/// nobody has measured the answer yet.
fn check_parameter_type_spelling(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let spells_its_own = SqlRenderer::procedure_form(dialect).custom_grammar().is_some()
        || SqlRenderer::scalar_function_form(dialect).custom_grammar().is_some()
        || SqlRenderer::table_function_form(dialect).custom_grammar().is_some();
    if !spells_its_own {
        return;
    }
    // A type that carries a length is the only kind the two spellings can
    // disagree about, so it is the only kind worth asking with.
    let qualified = DataType::varchar(100);
    let column = SqlRenderer::render_data_type(dialect, &qualified);
    let parameter = SqlRenderer::render_parameter_data_type(dialect, &qualified);
    if column == parameter && column.contains('(') {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Note,
            what: format!(
                "a parameter of this routine's would be declared `{parameter}`, the same as a \
                column of that type"
            ),
            fix: "that is right for most engines, so this is only worth a look. If yours refuses \
                 a length or a precision in a parameter list — Oracle does, and answers \
                 PLS-00103 at the opening parenthesis — override \
                 `SqlRenderer::render_parameter_data_type` with the bare spelling. Local \
                 declarations keep the length either way."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// One routine kind whose grammar a dialect said it spells itself.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
struct CustomGrammar {
    /// Which routine kind the claim is about.
    kind: RoutineKind,
    /// The grammar's own name, as the dialect wrote it.
    grammar: &'static str,
    /// The method that carried the claim.
    form_method: &'static str,
    /// The method that owes the rendering.
    render_method: &'static str,
    /// What to call the routines in a sentence.
    noun: &'static str,
}

/// **A dialect that says it spells its own grammar has to spell it.**
///
/// `Custom` moves the whole rendering to the dialect: Razeri substitutes no
/// near-neighbour grammar and refuses nothing, because both of those say
/// something false — one about the engine's syntax, the other about whether the
/// engine has the routine at all. So the claim is only worth anything with the
/// method behind it, and a dialect that made the claim and left the method
/// alone ships a build that stops on the routine.
///
/// The check is the question itself: hand the render method the shape it will
/// receive and see whether anything comes back.
///
/// Parameters:
/// - `claim`: which kind, which grammar, and the two method names to name;
/// - `render`: the dialect's render method for that kind;
/// - `findings`: where the report is collected.
fn check_custom_grammar(
    claim: CustomGrammar,
    render: impl Fn(&RoutineSpec) -> Option<String>,
    findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
) {
    let CustomGrammar { kind, grammar, form_method, render_method, noun } = claim;
    // The grammar's name is a name, not a refusal: it is read in a report and
    // in a comment, so it has to say something and does not have to say much.
    if grammar.trim().is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!("`{form_method}` says Custom, and names no grammar"),
            fix: "carry your grammar's own name — `Custom(\"PL/SQL\")`. It is what a reader \
                  of a report, and of the comment Razeri writes where a routine could not be \
                  rendered, is told this engine speaks."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }

    let mut probe = RoutineSpec::new(kind, "razeri_conformance_probe");
    probe.or_replace = true;
    if render(&probe).is_none_or(|rendered| rendered.trim().is_empty()) {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "`{form_method}` says Custom({grammar:?}), so this dialect must render {noun} \
                 itself — and `{render_method}` returns nothing"
            ),
            fix: format!(
                "override `SqlRenderer::{render_method}`. It receives the routine Razeri \
                 composed — name, parameters with their types already in your spelling, body, \
                 comment — and returns the whole CREATE statement your engine parses. Razeri \
                 emits what you return and writes nothing of its own: a near-neighbour grammar \
                 fails on deploy, and a refusal would say this engine has no {noun} when it \
                 has them in a grammar of its own."
            ),
        });
    }
}

/// A refusal that does not say what to do instead is a wall.
fn check_refusal_copy(subject: &str, copy: &str, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    if copy.trim().is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!("{subject} has no words in it"),
            fix: "say what this engine offers instead. A reader who hits a refusal needs the \
                  next thing to try, and it has to be about their engine."
                .to_owned(),
        });
        return;
    }
    if copy.split_whitespace().count() < 5 {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Note,
            what: format!("{subject} is very short"),
            fix: "a refusal earns its place by naming the alternative — what this engine has \
                  instead of the thing it cannot do."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// Fifteen facts are declared twice and must agree.
fn check_paired_facts(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let caps: &dyn DialectCapabilities = dialect;
    let ren: &dyn SqlRenderer = dialect;
    let ddl: &dyn DdlRenderer = dialect;
    let mut disagreements: Vec<&'static str> = Vec::new();

    macro_rules! pair {
        ($m:ident, $renderer_value:expr) => {
            if caps.$m() != $renderer_value {
                disagreements.push(stringify!($m));
            }
        };
    }
    pair!(supports_on_conflict, ren.supports_on_conflict());
    pair!(supports_insert_overwrite, ren.supports_insert_overwrite());
    pair!(supports_update_from, ren.supports_update_from());
    pair!(supports_named_windows, ren.supports_named_windows());
    pair!(supports_compound_assignment, ren.supports_compound_assignment());
    pair!(supports_window_frame_exclude, ren.supports_window_frame_exclude());
    pair!(supports_merge_not_matched_by_source, ren.supports_merge_not_matched_by_source());
    pair!(merge_not_matched_keyword, ren.merge_not_matched_keyword());
    pair!(uses_alter_table_update, ren.uses_alter_table_update());
    pair!(supports_multi_table_insert, ren.supports_multi_table_insert());
    pair!(supports_cascade_drop, ddl.supports_cascade_drop());
    pair!(supports_sync_drop, ddl.supports_sync_drop());
    pair!(supports_force_drop, ddl.supports_force_drop());

    // **The fourteenth, whose two sides are different types.** The capability
    // is a boolean; the renderer answer is a form that either renders or
    // carries a refusal. Both are read — the build door reads the form, and
    // registry-walking rosters read the capability — so a dialect claiming a
    // table function on one side and refusing on the other has an engine that
    // both does and does not have one. `SQLite` was exactly that on the day
    // this check was written: `false` since the capability existed, and a
    // renderer still inheriting PostgreSQL's `RETURNS TABLE`.
    if caps.supports_table_functions() != ren.table_function_form().refusal().is_none() {
        disagreements.push("supports_table_functions");
    }
    // **The fifteenth, the same shape for a scalar function.** The build door
    // reads the capability; the renderer reads the form.
    if caps.supports_stored_functions() != ren.scalar_function_form().refusal().is_none() {
        disagreements.push("supports_stored_functions");
    }

    if !disagreements.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "this dialect declares {} {} two ways and the two disagree: {}",
                disagreements.len(),
                if disagreements.len() == 1 { "fact" } else { "facts" },
                disagreements.join(", ")
            ),
            fix: "each of these is declared once on the capability trait and once in the \
                  renderer hierarchy, and Razeri reads both. Decide which is true of your engine \
                  and move the other one to match."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **A dialect that folds each schema into an object's name has to fold it
/// everywhere.**
///
/// Razeri writes most names itself, asking `fold_schema_into_name`, and some
/// through the dialect's own `qualify_name`. The two have to name the same
/// object, or a table is created under one name and read under another. And a
/// fold is asked for only where the engine has no schemas: on one that has
/// them, the schema is written apart from the name, and a fold says otherwise.
fn check_schema_fold(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let (schema, name) = ("razeri_probe_raw", "razeri_probe_table");
    let Some(folded) = SqlRenderer::fold_schema_into_name(dialect, schema, name) else {
        return;
    };
    if DialectCapabilities::supports_schemas(dialect) {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect folds a schema into an object's name on an engine it says has \
                   schemas"
                .to_owned(),
            fix: "answer `fold_schema_into_name` with `None`. A fold is for an engine with no \
                  schemas, and only there is it asked; or answer \
                  `DialectCapabilities::supports_schemas` with `false` if your engine has none."
                .to_owned(),
        });
        return;
    }
    let expected = SqlRenderer::quote_identifier(dialect, &folded);
    let qualified = SqlRenderer::qualify_name(dialect, Some(schema), name);
    if qualified != expected {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "`fold_schema_into_name` names an object `{expected}` and `qualify_name` names \
                 the same object `{qualified}`"
            ),
            fix: "make `qualify_name` answer the folded name, quoted, when it is given a \
                  schema. Razeri names some objects through it and the rest through the fold, \
                  so a difference creates a table under one name and reads it under another."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// **A described deploy client has to be told which file to run.**
///
/// The generated script substitutes the file for `{file}` in the arguments
/// the dialect names, and reads nothing else, so an argument list without it
/// runs the client with no SQL at all — and a client given no file usually
/// waits for one on its input.
fn check_deploy_client(info: &crate::dialect::DialectInfo, findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
    let Some(crate::dialect::DeployScript::Client(client)) = info.deploy_script else {
        return;
    };
    if client.command.trim().is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "this dialect describes a deploy client with no command".to_owned(),
            fix: "name the client's command as an operator has it on `PATH`.".to_owned(),
        });
    }
    let unnamed: Vec<&str> = [("run_file", Some(client.run_file)), ("read_rows", client.read_rows)]
        .into_iter()
        .filter_map(|(field, args)| {
            args.filter(|args| !args.iter().any(|arg| arg.contains("{file}"))).map(|_| field)
        })
        .collect();
    if !unnamed.is_empty() {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: format!(
                "the deploy client's {} never names the file to run",
                unnamed.join(" and ")
            ),
            fix: "put `{file}` where your client takes the file of SQL to run — on its own, or \
                  inside an argument such as `--file={file}`. The script writes the file there \
                  and nowhere else."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
    if let Some(terminator) = client.block_terminator
        && [terminator.open, terminator.end, terminator.close]
            .iter()
            .any(|part| part.trim().is_empty())
    {
        findings.push(Finding {
            severity: Severity::Blocking,
            what: "the deploy client's block terminator leaves a part blank".to_owned(),
            fix: "name the line before a routine, what ends it, and the line after it — \
                  `SET TERM ^ ;`, `^` and `SET TERM ; ^` for Firebird's isql. A blank end leaves \
                  the routine open, and the next statement is read into it."
                .to_owned(),
        });
    }
}

/// Every type a design can declare, which is the set the required methods owe
/// an answer for.
///
/// The last four are the ones whose spelling actually varies between engines:
/// an array, a map, a struct, and an array of structs. A dialect that answers
/// only for scalars is a dialect that has not been graded on the types a
/// nested source table is made of.
fn declarable_types() -> Vec<DataType> {
    vec![
        DataType::tinyint(),
        DataType::smallint(),
        DataType::int(),
        DataType::bigint(),
        DataType::double(),
        DataType::boolean(),
        DataType::text(),
        DataType::varchar(200),
        DataType::uuid(),
        DataType::json(),
        DataType::date(),
        DataType::timestamp(),
        DataType::timestamp_tz(),
        DataType::decimal(18, 2),
        DataType::Array(ArrayDataType::new(DataType::varchar(100))),
        DataType::Map(MapDataType::new(DataType::varchar(50), DataType::bigint())),
        DataType::Struct(StructDataType::new(vec![
            StructField::new("street", DataType::varchar(200)),
            StructField::new("zip", DataType::varchar(10)),
        ])),
        DataType::Array(ArrayDataType::new(DataType::Struct(StructDataType::new(vec![
            StructField::new("key", DataType::varchar(100)),
            StructField::new("value", DataType::varchar(1000)),
        ])))),
    ]
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::dialect::DialectInfo;
    use razeri_plugin_contract::{
        Concat, DmlRenderer, ExpressionRenderer, FormulaRenderer, MergeRestrictions,
        ProcedureRenderer, ReplicationRenderer, ScalarFunctionForm, SidSpelling, StorageRenderer,
        TaskRenderer, TextCast,
    };
    use std::marker::PhantomData;

    // ── The broken fixture ────────────────────────────────────────────
    //
    // A plugin that compiles, registers nothing it should, and answers every
    // question with somebody else's default. This is what the kit exists to
    // catch, and it is deliberately the plugin an author gets by implementing
    // only the four required methods and stopping.

    struct BrokenPlugin;

    impl SqlRenderer for BrokenPlugin {
        fn render_data_type(&self, _dt: &DataType) -> String {
            String::new()
        }
        fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
            name.to_owned()
        }
        fn render_cast_type(&self, _dt: &DataType) -> String {
            String::new()
        }
        fn qualify_name(&self, _schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
            name.to_owned()
        }
        fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
            String::new()
        }
        fn dialect_name(&self) -> &'static str {
            "brokendb"
        }
        // No `sid_spelling`, no `procedure_form`, no `to_formula_renderer` —
        // and one fact declared twice, two ways.
        fn supports_on_conflict(&self) -> bool {
            true
        }
    }
    impl ExpressionRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl DdlRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl DmlRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl ProcedureRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl FormulaRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl TaskRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl ReplicationRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl StorageRenderer for BrokenPlugin {}
    impl DialectCapabilities for BrokenPlugin {
        fn supports_on_conflict(&self) -> bool {
            false
        }
    }
    impl PlatformDialect for BrokenPlugin {
        fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
            DialectInfo {
                name: "brokendb",
                display_name: "Broken DB",
                aliases: &[],
                dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom(""),
                family: "Broken",
                is_cloud_native: false,
                is_olap: false,
                is_postgres_compatible: false,
                versions: &[],
                deploy_script: None,
            }
        }
    }

    // ── The answered fixture, under two names ─────────────────────────
    //
    // The same plugin with every question answered, carrying the name it
    // registers under as a type parameter. Neither name is one Razeri knows a
    // spelling for; the difference is that one of them is in the registry and
    // the other is in nothing at all. Those are two different facts about a
    // dialect, and they read as two different reports.

    trait FixtureName: Send + Sync + 'static {
        /// The registry name this fixture answers to.
        const NAME: &'static str;
        /// How this fixture's engine joins the parts of a composite key. Most
        /// of them take the inherited variadic `CONCAT`; the one that does not
        /// is the point of it being a knob.
        const CONCAT: Concat = Concat::Function("CONCAT");
        /// This fixture's engine's exponentiation operator; `None` where it
        /// has none.
        const POWER: Option<&'static str> = Some("^");
        /// This fixture's engine's left shift; `None` where it has none.
        const SHIFT_LEFT: Option<&'static str> = Some("<<");
        /// Whether this fixture's column drop forgets the column it was handed.
        const DROP_LOSES_ITS_COLUMN: bool = false;
        /// Whether this fixture compares something other than the value.
        const COMPARES_SOMETHING_ELSE: bool = false;
        /// Whether this fixture says its begin leaves the commit to the client
        /// while it has no transaction spanning statements.
        const BEGIN_WITHOUT_TRANSACTIONS: bool = false;
        /// The client this fixture's deploy script drives, if it names one.
        const DEPLOY: Option<crate::dialect::DeployScript> = None;
    }

    /// Answered, and nothing linked it — what an author sees running the report
    /// from a crate whose registration nobody calls.
    struct Unlinked;
    impl FixtureName for Unlinked {
        const NAME: &'static str = "healthydb";
    }

    /// Answered and registered, under a name Razeri ships no spelling for —
    /// the shape of every dialect written outside Razeri's own tree.
    struct Outside;
    impl FixtureName for Outside {
        const NAME: &'static str = "outsidedb";
    }

    /// Answered, and joining composite keys with a `CONCAT` that takes exactly
    /// two arguments — the shape of Db2 and of older Oracle releases. Nothing
    /// about the join is an obligation, so the report on it must read exactly
    /// like the report on a variadic engine.
    struct BinaryConcat;
    impl FixtureName for BinaryConcat {
        const NAME: &'static str = "binaryconcatdb";
        const CONCAT: Concat = Concat::FunctionBinary("CONCAT");
    }

    /// Answered, and joining composite keys with the `||` operator — the
    /// shape of an engine with no `CONCAT` function at all. Like the
    /// two-argument join, it is a decision and owes nothing.
    struct OperatorConcat;
    impl FixtureName for OperatorConcat {
        const NAME: &'static str = "operatorconcatdb";
        const CONCAT: Concat = Concat::Operator("||");
    }

    /// Answered, with a join that names nothing.
    struct NamelessConcat;
    impl FixtureName for NamelessConcat {
        const NAME: &'static str = "namelessconcatdb";
        const CONCAT: Concat = Concat::Operator(" ");
    }

    /// Answered, with an engine that raises to a power only through a
    /// function: no operator, said out loud.
    struct NoPowerOperator;
    impl FixtureName for NoPowerOperator {
        const NAME: &'static str = "nopowerdb";
        const POWER: Option<&'static str> = None;
    }

    /// Answered, with an operator spelled as nothing at all.
    struct BlankPowerOperator;
    impl FixtureName for BlankPowerOperator {
        const NAME: &'static str = "blankpowerdb";
        const POWER: Option<&'static str> = Some(" ");
    }

    /// Answered, with a comparison that forgets the value it stands for.
    struct ComparesSomethingElse;
    impl FixtureName for ComparesSomethingElse {
        const NAME: &'static str = "comparesotherdb";
        const COMPARES_SOMETHING_ELSE: bool = true;
    }

    /// Answered, with a column drop that forgets its column.
    struct DropLosesItsColumn;
    impl FixtureName for DropLosesItsColumn {
        const NAME: &'static str = "droplosesdb";
        const DROP_LOSES_ITS_COLUMN: bool = true;
    }

    /// Answered, with a begin that leaves the commit to a client on an engine
    /// with no transaction spanning statements.
    struct BeginWithoutTransactions;
    impl FixtureName for BeginWithoutTransactions {
        const NAME: &'static str = "beginwithouttxdb";
        const BEGIN_WITHOUT_TRANSACTIONS: bool = true;
    }

    /// Answered, with an engine that has no left shift — an answer.
    struct NoShiftOperator;
    impl FixtureName for NoShiftOperator {
        const NAME: &'static str = "noshiftdb";
        const SHIFT_LEFT: Option<&'static str> = None;
    }

    /// Answered, with a left shift that has no text in it.
    struct BlankShiftOperator;
    impl FixtureName for BlankShiftOperator {
        const NAME: &'static str = "blankshiftdb";
        const SHIFT_LEFT: Option<&'static str> = Some("");
    }

    /// Answered, with a deploy client described well.
    struct DescribedClient;
    impl FixtureName for DescribedClient {
        const NAME: &'static str = "describedclientdb";
        const DEPLOY: Option<crate::dialect::DeployScript> =
            Some(crate::dialect::DeployScript::Client(crate::dialect::DeployClient {
                command: "sqlite3",
                run_file: &["-bail", "{target}", ".read {file}"],
                read_rows: Some(&["-csv", "-noheader", "{target}", ".read {file}"]),
                block_terminator: None,
            }));
    }

    /// Answered, with a deploy client that is never told which file to run.
    struct FilelessClient;
    impl FixtureName for FilelessClient {
        const NAME: &'static str = "filelessclientdb";
        const DEPLOY: Option<crate::dialect::DeployScript> =
            Some(crate::dialect::DeployScript::Client(crate::dialect::DeployClient {
                command: "sqlite3",
                run_file: &["-bail", "{target}"],
                read_rows: None,
                block_terminator: None,
            }));
    }

    /// Answered, with a deploy client whose routine end is blank.
    struct BlankBlockEnd;
    impl FixtureName for BlankBlockEnd {
        const NAME: &'static str = "blankblockenddb";
        const DEPLOY: Option<crate::dialect::DeployScript> =
            Some(crate::dialect::DeployScript::Client(crate::dialect::DeployClient {
                command: "isql",
                run_file: &["-bail", "-input", "{file}", "{target}"],
                read_rows: None,
                block_terminator: Some(crate::dialect::BlockTerminator {
                    open: "SET TERM ^ ;",
                    end: " ",
                    close: "SET TERM ; ^",
                }),
            }));
    }

    struct Answered<N: FixtureName>(PhantomData<N>);

    impl<N: FixtureName> Answered<N> {
        const fn new() -> Self {
            Self(PhantomData)
        }
    }

    type HealthyPlugin = Answered<Unlinked>;
    type OutsidePlugin = Answered<Outside>;

    inventory::submit! {
        crate::builder::DialectRegistration::new(
            Outside::NAME,
            || std::sync::Arc::new(OutsidePlugin::new()),
        )
    }

    impl<N: FixtureName> SqlRenderer for Answered<N> {
        fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
            razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
        }
        fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
            format!("\"{name}\"")
        }
        fn qualify_name(&self, schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
            schema.map_or_else(
                || self.quote_identifier(name),
                |s| format!("{}.{}", self.quote_identifier(s), self.quote_identifier(name)),
            )
        }
        fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
            "NOW()".to_owned()
        }
        fn dialect_name(&self) -> &'static str {
            N::NAME
        }
        fn sid_spelling(&self) -> SidSpelling {
            SidSpelling {
                platform: N::NAME,
                hash: ("answered_xxhash64(", ")"),
                cast_type: TextCast::Direct("STRING"),
                concat: N::CONCAT,
                through_helper: false,
                ..razeri_plugin_contract::ANSI_SID_SPELLING
            }
        }
        fn procedure_form(&self) -> ProcedureForm {
            ProcedureForm::Unsupported(
                "This engine has no stored procedures; write the load as a scheduled query \
                 instead.",
            )
        }
        fn scalar_function_form(&self) -> ScalarFunctionForm {
            ScalarFunctionForm::PostgreSql
        }
        fn to_formula_renderer(&self) -> Box<dyn FormulaRenderer> {
            Box::new(Self::new())
        }
    }
    impl<N: FixtureName> ExpressionRenderer for Answered<N> {
        fn render_comparable(
            &self,
            value: &str,
            _data_type: &DataType,
            _held: HeldAs,
        ) -> Option<String> {
            Some(if N::COMPARES_SOMETHING_ELSE { "1".to_owned() } else { value.to_owned() })
        }
    }
    impl<N: FixtureName> DdlRenderer for Answered<N> {
        fn render_drop_column(
            &self,
            table: WrittenObject<'_>,
            column: &str,
            only_where_it_stands: bool,
        ) -> Option<razeri_plugin_contract::Written> {
            if N::DROP_LOSES_ITS_COLUMN {
                return Some(razeri_plugin_contract::Written::Statement(format!(
                    "ALTER TABLE {} DROP COLUMN c",
                    table.relation
                )));
            }
            let guard = if only_where_it_stands { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" };
            Some(razeri_plugin_contract::Written::Statement(format!(
                "ALTER TABLE {} DROP COLUMN{guard} {column}",
                table.relation
            )))
        }
    }
    impl<N: FixtureName> DmlRenderer for Answered<N> {}
    impl<N: FixtureName> ProcedureRenderer for Answered<N> {}
    impl<N: FixtureName> FormulaRenderer for Answered<N> {
        fn render_power_operator(&self) -> Option<String> {
            N::POWER.map(str::to_owned)
        }
        fn render_bitwise_operator(&self, operator: BitwiseOperator) -> Option<String> {
            match operator {
                BitwiseOperator::ShiftLeft => N::SHIFT_LEFT.map(str::to_owned),
                other => Some(other.standard_spelling().to_owned()),
            }
        }
    }
    impl<N: FixtureName> TaskRenderer for Answered<N> {}
    impl<N: FixtureName> ReplicationRenderer for Answered<N> {}
    impl<N: FixtureName> StorageRenderer for Answered<N> {}
    impl<N: FixtureName> DialectCapabilities for Answered<N> {
        fn begin_leaves_the_commit_to_the_client(&self) -> bool {
            N::BEGIN_WITHOUT_TRANSACTIONS
        }
        fn supports_multi_statement_transactions(&self) -> bool {
            !N::BEGIN_WITHOUT_TRANSACTIONS
        }
        fn merge_shape(&self) -> MergeShape {
            MergeShape::Merge(MergeRestrictions::none())
        }
    }
    impl<N: FixtureName> PlatformDialect for Answered<N> {
        fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
            DialectInfo {
                name: N::NAME,
                display_name: "An Answered Engine",
                // It answers to its own name and nothing else, which is the
                // shape of a plugin that declares no extra spellings.
                aliases: &[],
                dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom(N::NAME),
                family: "Answered",
                is_cloud_native: false,
                is_olap: false,
                is_postgres_compatible: false,
                versions: &[],
                deploy_script: N::DEPLOY,
            }
        }
    }

    // ── The twin: a dialect that claims a name another platform answers to ──
    //
    // Answered in every other respect, so the only thing its report can be
    // about is the spelling it took.

    struct Twin;

    impl SqlRenderer for Twin {
        fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
            razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
        }
        fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
            format!("\"{name}\"")
        }
        fn qualify_name(&self, _schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
            self.quote_identifier(name)
        }
        fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
            "NOW()".to_owned()
        }
    }
    impl ExpressionRenderer for Twin {}
    impl DdlRenderer for Twin {}
    impl DmlRenderer for Twin {}
    impl ProcedureRenderer for Twin {}
    impl FormulaRenderer for Twin {}
    impl TaskRenderer for Twin {}
    impl ReplicationRenderer for Twin {}
    impl StorageRenderer for Twin {}
    impl DialectCapabilities for Twin {}
    impl PlatformDialect for Twin {
        fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
            DialectInfo {
                name: "twindb",
                display_name: "Twin DB",
                // The name the answered fixture already answers to.
                aliases: &["healthydb"],
                dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom("twindb"),
                family: "Twin",
                is_cloud_native: false,
                is_olap: false,
                is_postgres_compatible: false,
                versions: &[],
                deploy_script: None,
            }
        }
    }

    /// Every finding whose `what` line mentions one of these subjects.
    fn mentions(report: &Report, needle: &str) -> bool {
        report.findings.iter().any(|f| f.what.contains(needle) || f.fix.contains(needle))
    }

    /// **The author's own test prints what the command prints**
    /// (`fr-1021-48`): what the report read, that it ran nothing on an
    /// engine, and the answers the dialect left to the contract.
    #[test]
    fn the_report_says_what_it_read_and_what_it_took_as_the_default() {
        let report = check(&BrokenPlugin);
        let printed = report.to_string();
        let first = printed.lines().next().unwrap_or_default();
        assert!(first.ends_with("in the answers this dialect states."), "{printed}");
        assert!(printed.contains("ran nothing on an engine"), "{printed}");
        assert!(printed.contains("Taken as the contract's default"), "{printed}");
        let names: Vec<&str> = report.taken_as_default.iter().map(|taken| taken.name).collect();
        assert!(names.contains(&"DdlRenderer::supports_if_not_exists"), "{names:?}");
        let view = report
            .taken_as_default
            .iter()
            .find(|taken| taken.name == "DdlRenderer::render_create_view_prefix")
            .expect("listed");
        assert!(view.answer.contains("CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW"), "{view:?}");
        assert_eq!(view.shows_in, "schema.sql");
        assert!(printed.contains(&view.answer), "{printed}");
    }

    /// **An answer the dialect wrote is not listed**, even where it reads the
    /// same as the contract's: the healthy fixture writes its own transaction
    /// keyword.
    #[test]
    fn a_report_with_nothing_to_fix_still_says_it_ran_nothing() {
        let report = check(&Answered::<Outside>::new());
        let printed = report.to_string();
        assert!(printed.contains("ran nothing on an engine"), "{printed}");
        assert!(!printed.lines().next().unwrap_or_default().ends_with("0 to fix."), "{printed}");
    }

    /// **The key's fix names what the key runs** (`fr-1021-53`): a
    /// replacement, a Unicode literal, a join, a cast and a 64-bit hash —
    /// never LOWER and TRIM, which the key no longer calls.
    #[test]
    fn a_dialect_with_no_key_spelling_is_asked_for_what_the_key_runs() {
        let report = check(&BrokenPlugin);
        let key = report
            .findings
            .iter()
            .find(|finding| finding.what.contains("surrogate-key spelling"))
            .expect("the key's finding");
        for words in ["a replacement and a Unicode literal", "joins strings", "casts to text"] {
            assert!(key.fix.contains(words), "no {words}: {}", key.fix);
        }
        assert!(!key.fix.contains("LOWER") && !key.fix.contains("TRIM"), "{}", key.fix);
    }

    /// **The kit's own red.** A plugin that implements the four required
    /// methods and stops compiles and registers, and every one of these
    /// findings is a defect a shipped dialect actually had.
    #[test]
    fn the_kit_catches_a_deliberately_broken_plugin() {
        let report = check(&BrokenPlugin);
        assert!(!report.is_clean(), "the broken plugin reported clean:\n{report}");

        assert!(mentions(&report, "does not resolve"), "unregistered:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "custom one with no name"), "unnamed family:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "render_data_type"), "empty column types:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "render_cast_type"), "empty cast types:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "identifier unchanged"), "no quoting:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "render_current_timestamp"), "no now():\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "surrogate-key spelling"), "unspelled key:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "stored-procedure grammar"), "no procedure form:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "upsert shape"), "no merge shape:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "to_formula_renderer"), "formula renderer:\n{report}");
        assert!(mentions(&report, "supports_on_conflict"), "paired fact:\n{report}");

        assert!(
            report.count(Severity::Blocking) >= 8,
            "the broken plugin owes more than {} blocking fixes:\n{report}",
            report.count(Severity::Blocking)
        );
    }

    /// **The kit does not cry wolf.** The same plugin with its questions
    /// answered reports only what is actually true of it: it is not
    /// registered in this test binary, and nothing else.
    #[test]
    fn the_kit_reports_only_registration_on_a_plugin_that_answered_everything() {
        let report = check(&HealthyPlugin::new());
        let unregistered: Vec<&Finding> =
            report.findings.iter().filter(|f| f.what.contains("does not resolve")).collect();
        assert_eq!(unregistered.len(), 1, "the registration finding is the honest one here");
        assert_eq!(
            report.findings.len(),
            1,
            "a plugin that answered every question owes nothing else:\n{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **A join written for a two-argument `CONCAT` is an answer, not a
    /// shortfall.** The report on a dialect that states it reads exactly like
    /// the report on a variadic one, and the key it renders nests pairwise
    /// instead of widening a call the engine does not have.
    #[test]
    fn the_kit_takes_a_two_argument_concat_as_an_answer_like_any_other() {
        let binary = Answered::<BinaryConcat>::new();
        let report = check(&binary);
        assert_eq!(
            report.findings.len(),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).findings.len(),
            "the join form is a decision, so stating this one owes nothing extra:\n{report}"
        );
        assert!(
            !report.to_string().contains("joins"),
            "nothing about the join is outstanding:\n{report}"
        );

        let key = razeri_plugin_contract::sid::sid_expression(
            SqlRenderer::sid_spelling(&binary),
            razeri_plugin_contract::sid::Backslash::of(&binary),
            None,
            &["a".to_owned(), "b".to_owned(), "c".to_owned()],
        );
        assert!(
            key.contains("CONCAT(CONCAT("),
            "a two-argument engine gets one call per pair:\n{key}"
        );
    }

    /// **A join written with an operator is an answer too**, and the key it
    /// renders is one expression with the operator between each part and the
    /// separator.
    #[test]
    fn the_kit_takes_an_operator_join_as_an_answer_like_any_other() {
        let operator = Answered::<OperatorConcat>::new();
        let report = check(&operator);
        assert_eq!(
            report.findings.len(),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).findings.len(),
            "the join form is a decision, so stating this one owes nothing extra:\n{report}"
        );
        let key = razeri_plugin_contract::sid::sid_expression(
            SqlRenderer::sid_spelling(&operator),
            razeri_plugin_contract::sid::Backslash::of(&operator),
            None,
            &["a".to_owned(), "b".to_owned()],
        );
        assert!(key.contains(" || '|' || "), "the operator joins each part:\n{key}");
        assert!(!key.contains("CONCAT"), "an operator engine calls no function:\n{key}");
    }

    /// **A join that names nothing is refused**, because the key it writes is
    /// one the engine cannot parse.
    #[test]
    fn a_join_that_names_nothing_must_be_fixed() {
        let report = check(&Answered::<NamelessConcat>::new());
        assert!(
            report.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("joins the parts of a composite key")),
            "{report}"
        );
        assert!(
            !check(&Answered::<OperatorConcat>::new())
                .findings
                .iter()
                .any(|finding| finding.what.contains("joins the parts of a composite key")),
            "a named operator is not the finding"
        );
    }

    /// **An operator the engine lacks is answered `None`, and that is an
    /// answer**; an operator answered with no text is the finding, because it
    /// writes two operands side by side.
    #[test]
    fn an_operator_is_answered_none_where_the_engine_lacks_it_and_never_blank() {
        let none = check(&Answered::<NoPowerOperator>::new());
        assert_eq!(
            none.findings.len(),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).findings.len(),
            "saying the engine has no such operator owes nothing:\n{none}"
        );
        let blank = check(&Answered::<BlankPowerOperator>::new());
        assert!(
            blank.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("render_power_operator")),
            "{blank}"
        );
    }

    /// **A bitwise operator the engine lacks is answered `None`, and that is
    /// an answer** (`fr-1018-121`); one answered with no text is the finding.
    #[test]
    fn a_bitwise_operator_is_answered_none_where_the_engine_lacks_it_and_never_blank() {
        let none = check(&Answered::<NoShiftOperator>::new());
        assert_eq!(
            none.findings.len(),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).findings.len(),
            "saying the engine has no left shift owes nothing:\n{none}"
        );
        let blank = check(&Answered::<BlankShiftOperator>::new());
        assert!(
            blank.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("render_bitwise_operator(ShiftLeft)")),
            "{blank}"
        );
    }

    /// **A column drop that loses the column it was handed is the finding**
    /// (`fr-1018-84`); the healthy fixture's drop carries it.
    #[test]
    fn a_drop_that_loses_its_column_must_be_fixed() {
        let healthy = check(&HealthyPlugin::new());
        assert!(!healthy.to_string().contains("render_drop_column"), "{healthy}");
        let lost = check(&Answered::<DropLosesItsColumn>::new());
        assert!(
            lost.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("render_drop_column")),
            "{lost}"
        );
    }

    /// **A comparison that loses the value it stands for is the finding**
    /// (`fr-1019-71`).
    #[test]
    fn a_comparison_that_loses_its_value_must_be_fixed() {
        assert!(!check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).to_string().contains("render_comparable"));
        let report = check(&Answered::<ComparesSomethingElse>::new());
        assert!(
            report.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("render_comparable")),
            "{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **A begin that leaves the commit to a client, on an engine with no
    /// transaction spanning statements, is two answers that disagree**
    /// (`fr-1019-62`).
    #[test]
    fn a_begin_that_leaves_the_commit_needs_a_transaction() {
        let report = check(&Answered::<BeginWithoutTransactions>::new());
        assert!(
            report.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("leaves the commit to the client")),
            "{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **A block terminator with a blank part is the finding** (`fr-1016-28`).
    #[test]
    fn a_block_terminator_with_a_blank_part_must_be_fixed() {
        let report = check(&Answered::<BlankBlockEnd>::new());
        assert!(
            report.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("block terminator")),
            "{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **A described deploy client is an answer; one that is never told which
    /// file to run is the finding.**
    #[test]
    fn a_deploy_client_has_to_be_told_which_file_to_run() {
        let described = check(&Answered::<DescribedClient>::new());
        assert_eq!(
            described.findings.len(),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()).findings.len(),
            "a client described in full owes nothing:\n{described}"
        );
        let fileless = check(&Answered::<FilelessClient>::new());
        assert!(
            fileless.findings.iter().any(|finding| finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                && finding.what.contains("run_file never names the file")),
            "{fileless}"
        );
    }

    /// **A fold has to agree with `qualify_name`, and is for an engine with no
    /// schemas.** `SCHEMAS`: what the engine says about schemas. `AGREES`:
    /// whether `qualify_name` answers the folded name.
    #[test]
    fn a_schema_fold_agrees_with_qualify_name_on_an_engine_with_no_schemas() {
        struct Folder<const SCHEMAS: bool, const AGREES: bool>;
        impl<const SCHEMAS: bool, const AGREES: bool> SqlRenderer for Folder<SCHEMAS, AGREES> {
            fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
                razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
            }
            fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
                format!("\"{name}\"")
            }
            fn qualify_name(&self, schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
                match schema {
                    Some(schema) if AGREES => self.quote_identifier(&format!("{schema}_{name}")),
                    Some(schema) => format!("{schema}.{}", self.quote_identifier(name)),
                    None => self.quote_identifier(name),
                }
            }
            fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
                "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP".to_owned()
            }
            fn fold_schema_into_name(&self, schema: &str, name: &str) -> Option<String> {
                Some(format!("{schema}_{name}"))
            }
        }
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> ExpressionRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> DdlRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> DmlRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> ProcedureRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> FormulaRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> TaskRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> ReplicationRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> StorageRenderer for Folder<S, A> {}
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> DialectCapabilities for Folder<S, A> {
            fn supports_schemas(&self) -> bool {
                S
            }
        }
        impl<const S: bool, const A: bool> PlatformDialect for Folder<S, A> {
            fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
                DialectInfo {
                    name: "folderdb",
                    display_name: "Folder DB",
                    aliases: &[],
                    dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom("folderdb"),
                    family: "Folder",
                    is_cloud_native: false,
                    is_olap: false,
                    is_postgres_compatible: false,
                    versions: &[],
                    deploy_script: None,
                }
            }
        }

        let fold_findings = |dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect| {
            let mut findings = Vec::new();
            check_schema_fold(dialect, &mut findings);
            findings
        };
        assert!(fold_findings(&Folder::<false, true>).is_empty(), "a fold kept everywhere");
        let disagrees = fold_findings(&Folder::<false, false>);
        assert_eq!(disagrees.len(), 1, "{disagrees:?}");
        assert!(disagrees[0].what.contains("`qualify_name` names"), "{disagrees:?}");
        let has_schemas = fold_findings(&Folder::<true, true>);
        assert_eq!(has_schemas.len(), 1, "{has_schemas:?}");
        assert!(has_schemas[0].what.contains("says has schemas"), "{has_schemas:?}");
    }

    /// **A stated `MERGE` restriction is reported; a default one is not.**
    ///
    /// The asymmetry is the point. A dialect that says its planner needs a
    /// literal slice gets Razeri's plan for that answer back, while the engine
    /// it is describing is still in front of the author. A dialect that has
    /// said nothing gets nothing, because the kit cannot tell a measured
    /// *"a parameter is fine here"* from a question never asked, and a finding
    /// made out of that silence would fire on every dialect alike.
    #[test]
    fn a_stated_merge_restriction_is_reported_and_a_default_one_is_not() {
        let mut quiet = Vec::new();
        check_merge_restrictions(MergeRestrictions::none(), &mut quiet);
        assert!(quiet.is_empty(), "a dialect with no stated restriction is asked nothing");

        let mut stated = Vec::new();
        check_merge_restrictions(MergeRestrictions::requiring_a_literal_slice(), &mut stated);
        assert_eq!(stated.len(), 1, "the stated restriction is reported once");
        assert_eq!(stated[0].severity, Severity::Note, "nothing is broken; it is worth a look");
        assert!(
            stated[0].what.contains("literal"),
            "the finding names the restriction:\n{}",
            stated[0].what
        );
        assert!(
            stated[0].fix.contains("dynamic-execution"),
            "and says what Razeri does with the answer:\n{}",
            stated[0].fix
        );

        // The other restriction travels on the same struct and must not drag
        // the new finding along with it.
        let mut two_clauses = Vec::new();
        check_merge_restrictions(MergeRestrictions::requiring_two_when_clauses(), &mut two_clauses);
        assert!(two_clauses.is_empty(), "one restriction is not the other");
    }

    /// **A dialect written outside Razeri reaches a clean report.** It is
    /// reached the way every out-of-tree dialect is reached — it registered, and
    /// the resolver reads the loaded dialects' own declared spellings — so there
    /// is nothing for Razeri to be missing it from and nothing for the report to
    /// ask of its author.
    #[test]
    fn a_dialect_registered_under_its_own_name_reaches_a_clean_report() {
        assert!(
            crate::resolve_dialect_by_name(Outside::NAME).is_ok(),
            "the fixture registers through the registry, which is the whole path being graded"
        );
        // The precondition that used to read "no row in Razeri's table": no
        // other loaded platform declares this name, so the fixture is reached
        // only because it registered and said so itself.
        let registry = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::with_auto_discovered();
        assert!(
            registry
                .list()
                .iter()
                .filter(|info| info.name != Outside::NAME)
                .all(|info| !info.answers_to(Outside::NAME)),
            "the fixture's name must be one no other platform claims"
        );

        let report = check(&OutsidePlugin::new());
        assert!(report.findings.is_empty(), "nothing is owed here:\n{report}");
        assert!(report.is_clean(), "and the report says so:\n{report}");
        assert_eq!(report.count(Severity::Blocking), 0, "{report}");
        assert!(
            report.to_string().contains("nothing to fix"),
            "a clean dialect is told it is clean:\n{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **A platform cannot be reachable under an alias but not under its own
    /// name.** A dialect declares its own spellings and its own name leads
    /// them, so a platform reachable as `mynew_db` and never as `mynewdb`
    /// cannot be written down — and this is the assertion that keeps it that
    /// way.
    #[test]
    fn a_platform_is_never_reachable_by_an_alias_but_not_by_its_own_name() {
        let registry = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::with_auto_discovered();
        for info in registry.list() {
            assert_eq!(
                info.spellings().first().copied(),
                Some(info.name),
                "a platform's own name leads its spellings"
            );
            assert!(info.answers_to(info.name), "{} answers to its own name", info.name);
        }
    }

    /// **A name another platform already answers to is a collision, not a
    /// registration.** A dialect claiming a spelling Healthy DB answers to is
    /// named as the collision it is — with both platforms named, and a fix its
    /// author can actually perform — rather than being reported as an
    /// unregistered platform, which is a different problem with a different fix.
    #[test]
    fn a_name_razeri_reads_as_another_platform_is_blocking_and_says_which() {
        let mut registry = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new();
        registry.register("healthydb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(HealthyPlugin::new()));
        registry.register("twindb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(Twin));

        let report = check_with_registry(&Twin, &registry);
        let collision = report
            .findings
            .iter()
            .find(|f| f.what.contains("claimed by more than one loaded platform"))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("the collision is reported:\n{report}"));
        assert_eq!(collision.severity, Severity::Blocking, "{collision:?}");
        assert!(collision.what.contains("healthydb"), "the other platform is named: {collision:?}");
        assert!(collision.what.contains("twindb"), "{collision:?}");
        assert!(collision.fix.contains("name no other platform answers to"), "{collision:?}");
        assert!(
            !mentions(&report, "does not resolve"),
            "a collision is not an unregistered platform:\n{report}"
        );
    }

    /// A platform reached under its own name owes nothing, whatever the case or
    /// the surrounding whitespace, and a name nothing has ever heard of is
    /// simply unknown rather than a finding against this dialect.
    #[test]
    fn registration_is_silent_on_a_platform_reached_under_its_own_name() {
        let mut registry = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new();
        registry.register("healthydb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(HealthyPlugin::new()));

        let mut findings = Vec::new();
        check_registration(&HealthyPlugin::new().info(), &registry, &mut findings);
        assert!(findings.is_empty(), "{findings:?}");

        for spelling in ["healthydb", "HealthyDB", "  healthydb  "] {
            assert!(
                crate::resolve::resolve_dialect_by_name_with_registry(spelling, &registry).is_ok(),
                "'{spelling}' is the same platform"
            );
        }
        assert!(
            crate::resolve::resolve_dialect_by_name_with_registry("nosuchdb", &registry).is_err()
        );
    }

    /// **A dialect the host loaded at run time can be graded at all.** [`check`]
    /// asks the dialects linked into this program, which one loaded from a
    /// shared library is not among; [`check_with_registry`] asks the registry it
    /// was loaded into, and the registration judgement is answered from there.
    #[test]
    fn a_dialect_the_host_loaded_reports_clean_against_its_own_registry() {
        let mut registry = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new();
        registry.register("healthydb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(HealthyPlugin::new()));

        let report = check_with_registry(&HealthyPlugin::new(), &registry);
        assert!(
            report.is_clean(),
            "a loaded dialect that answered everything owes nothing:\n{report}"
        );
    }

    /// **Every fix an outside author can read is a fix in their own crate.** A
    /// report that names a file inside Razeri is telling an author to edit a
    /// tree they do not have, and the fix cannot be performed at all.
    #[test]
    fn no_fix_line_sends_an_author_into_razeris_own_tree() {
        let mut collided = crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new();
        collided.register("healthydb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(HealthyPlugin::new()));
        collided.register("twindb".to_owned(), std::sync::Arc::new(Twin));

        let mut fixes: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
        for report in [
            check(&BrokenPlugin),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()),
            check(&OutsidePlugin::new()),
            // The collision and the unregistered-name judgements, which are the
            // two registration findings an author can actually reach.
            check_with_registry(&Twin, &collided),
            check_with_registry(&Twin, &crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new()),
        ] {
            fixes.extend(report.findings.iter().map(|f| f.fix.clone()));
        }
        assert!(fixes.len() >= 10, "the sweep reached the findings: {}", fixes.len());
        for fix in &fixes {
            for path in ["schemas/", "crates/", ".json", "scripts/", "razeri-design"] {
                assert!(
                    !fix.contains(path),
                    "a fix line names `{path}`, which is not in the author's crate:\n  {fix}"
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /// **No finding prints a run of spaces in the middle of a sentence.** A
    /// string literal broken across source lines without a `\` keeps the next
    /// line's indentation, and the report then reads "the same as a", a run of
    /// eighteen spaces, then "column". This reaches every finding the fixtures
    /// can reach, plus the four that only a dialect declining every column
    /// change and spelling its own routine grammar can.
    #[test]
    fn no_finding_holds_a_run_of_spaces() {
        struct Declining;
        impl SqlRenderer for Declining {
            fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
                razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
            }
            fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
                format!("\"{name}\"")
            }
            fn qualify_name(&self, _schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
                name.to_owned()
            }
            fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
                "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP".to_owned()
            }
            fn procedure_form(&self) -> ProcedureForm {
                ProcedureForm::Custom("Declining PSQL")
            }
        }
        impl ExpressionRenderer for Declining {}
        impl DdlRenderer for Declining {
            fn render_column_evolution(&self, _change: &ColumnEvolution<'_>) -> Option<String> {
                None
            }
        }
        impl DialectCapabilities for Declining {
            fn evolution_answers(&self) -> razeri_plugin_contract::EvolutionAnswers {
                razeri_plugin_contract::EvolutionAnswers::widening_a_string_in_place()
                    .and_a_nested_field()
            }
        }
        impl DmlRenderer for Declining {}
        impl ProcedureRenderer for Declining {}
        impl FormulaRenderer for Declining {}
        impl TaskRenderer for Declining {}
        impl ReplicationRenderer for Declining {}
        impl StorageRenderer for Declining {}
        impl PlatformDialect for Declining {
            fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
                DialectInfo {
                    name: "decliningdb",
                    display_name: "Declining DB",
                    aliases: &[],
                    dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom("decliningdb"),
                    family: "Declining",
                    is_cloud_native: false,
                    is_olap: false,
                    is_postgres_compatible: false,
                    versions: &[],
                    deploy_script: None,
                }
            }
        }

        let mut findings = Vec::new();
        check_evolution(&Declining, &mut findings);
        check_parameter_type_spelling(&Declining, &mut findings);
        assert_eq!(findings.len(), 4, "every column change and the parameter note: {findings:?}");

        for report in [
            check(&BrokenPlugin),
            check(&HealthyPlugin::new()),
            check(&OutsidePlugin::new()),
            check(&Declining),
            check_with_registry(&Twin, &crate::dialect::PlatformRegistry::new()),
        ] {
            findings.extend(report.findings);
        }
        for finding in &findings {
            for text in [&finding.what, &finding.fix] {
                assert!(!text.contains("  "), "a finding holds a run of spaces:\n  {text:?}");
            }
        }
    }

    /// **A dialect that claims its own grammar and does not spell it is
    /// blocking**, and the finding names the method it owes.
    ///
    /// `Custom` is a promise that the dialect renders the routine itself, and
    /// Razeri keeps its side by writing nothing: no near-neighbour grammar,
    /// which fails on deploy, and no refusal, which would tell an author their
    /// engine has no routines when it has a whole language. A promise with
    /// nothing behind it is therefore a build that stops, and it has to be
    /// findable before the deploy rather than during it.
    #[test]
    fn a_custom_grammar_without_a_render_method_is_blocking_on_all_three_kinds() {
        for (kind, form_method, render_method) in [
            (RoutineKind::Procedure, "procedure_form", "render_procedure"),
            (RoutineKind::ScalarFunction, "scalar_function_form", "render_scalar_function"),
            (RoutineKind::TableFunction, "table_function_form", "render_table_function"),
        ] {
            let mut promised = Vec::new();
            check_custom_grammar(
                CustomGrammar {
                    kind,
                    grammar: "PL/SQL",
                    form_method,
                    render_method,
                    noun: "routines",
                },
                |_| None,
                &mut promised,
            );
            assert_eq!(promised.len(), 1, "{form_method}: {promised:?}");
            assert_eq!(promised[0].severity, Severity::Blocking, "{promised:?}");
            assert!(promised[0].what.contains(form_method), "{promised:?}");
            assert!(promised[0].what.contains("PL/SQL"), "{promised:?}");
            assert!(promised[0].fix.contains(render_method), "{promised:?}");

            // The same claim, kept: nothing to report.
            let mut kept = Vec::new();
            check_custom_grammar(
                CustomGrammar {
                    kind,
                    grammar: "PL/SQL",
                    form_method,
                    render_method,
                    noun: "routines",
                },
                |spec| Some(format!("CREATE {} …", spec.name)),
                &mut kept,
            );
            assert!(kept.is_empty(), "{form_method}: a kept promise is not a finding: {kept:?}");
        }
    }

    /// **The two answers about stored procedures have to agree.** A dialect
    /// that writes its own procedures and leaves the capability at its default
    /// `false` gets no load written as one; a dialect that says its engine has
    /// them and refuses to write one says both things at once.
    #[test]
    fn a_procedure_form_and_the_procedure_capability_must_agree() {
        fn check_forms(dialect: &dyn PlatformDialect) -> Report {
            let mut findings = Vec::new();
            check_routine_forms(dialect, &mut findings);
            Report { dialect: "claimsdb".to_owned(), findings, taken_as_default: Vec::new() }
        }

        /// `CUSTOM`: the form spells its own grammar, or refuses. `HAS`: the
        /// capability's answer.
        struct Claims<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool>;
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> SqlRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {
            fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
                razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
            }
            fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
                format!("\"{name}\"")
            }
            fn qualify_name(&self, _schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
                self.quote_identifier(name)
            }
            fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
                "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP".to_owned()
            }
            fn procedure_form(&self) -> ProcedureForm {
                if CUSTOM {
                    ProcedureForm::Custom("Firebird PSQL")
                } else {
                    ProcedureForm::Unsupported(
                        "This engine has no stored procedures; schedule the load as a query.",
                    )
                }
            }
            fn render_procedure(&self, spec: &RoutineSpec) -> Option<String> {
                Some(format!("CREATE PROCEDURE {} AS BEGIN END", spec.name))
            }
        }
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> ExpressionRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> DdlRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> DmlRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> ProcedureRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> FormulaRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> TaskRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> ReplicationRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> StorageRenderer for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {}
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> DialectCapabilities for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {
            fn supports_stored_procedures(&self) -> bool {
                HAS
            }
        }
        impl<const CUSTOM: bool, const HAS: bool> PlatformDialect for Claims<CUSTOM, HAS> {
            fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
                DialectInfo {
                    name: "claimsdb",
                    display_name: "Claims DB",
                    aliases: &[],
                    dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom("claimsdb"),
                    family: "Claims",
                    is_cloud_native: false,
                    is_olap: false,
                    is_postgres_compatible: false,
                    versions: &[],
                    deploy_script: None,
                }
            }
        }

        let disagreement = |report: &Report| {
            report
                .findings
                .iter()
                .filter(|finding| {
                    finding.severity == Severity::Blocking
                        && (finding.what.contains("says its engine has none")
                            || finding.what.contains("refuses to write one"))
                })
                .count()
        };
        let mut findings = Vec::new();
        check_routine_forms(&Claims::<true, false>, &mut findings);
        let report =
            Report { dialect: "claimsdb".to_owned(), findings, taken_as_default: Vec::new() };
        assert_eq!(disagreement(&report), 1, "{report}");
        assert!(report.to_string().contains("supports_stored_procedures"), "{report}");

        for (agrees, label) in [
            (check_forms(&Claims::<true, true>), "spelled and used"),
            (check_forms(&Claims::<false, false>), "refused and absent"),
        ] {
            assert_eq!(disagreement(&agrees), 0, "{label}: {agrees}");
        }
        assert_eq!(disagreement(&check_forms(&Claims::<false, true>)), 1, "refused and claimed");
    }

    /// **A render method that answers with nothing at all is the same defect.**
    ///
    /// An override that returns an empty string is a routine razeri would emit
    /// as blank space in the middle of a schema, which is worse than an error:
    /// nothing in the deploy says anything is missing.
    #[test]
    fn a_custom_render_method_that_returns_nothing_is_blocking() {
        let mut findings = Vec::new();
        check_custom_grammar(
            CustomGrammar {
                kind: RoutineKind::Procedure,
                grammar: "PL/SQL",
                form_method: "procedure_form",
                render_method: "render_procedure",
                noun: "procedures",
            },
            |_| Some("   \n".to_owned()),
            &mut findings,
        );
        assert_eq!(findings.len(), 1, "{findings:?}");
        assert_eq!(findings[0].severity, Severity::Blocking, "{findings:?}");
    }

    /// **A `Custom` grammar with no name gives a reader nothing to read.**
    #[test]
    fn a_custom_grammar_with_no_name_is_blocking() {
        let mut findings = Vec::new();
        check_custom_grammar(
            CustomGrammar {
                kind: RoutineKind::ScalarFunction,
                grammar: "  ",
                form_method: "scalar_function_form",
                render_method: "render_scalar_function",
                noun: "scalar functions",
            },
            |spec| Some(format!("CREATE FUNCTION {}", spec.name)),
            &mut findings,
        );
        assert_eq!(findings.len(), 1, "{findings:?}");
        assert!(findings[0].what.contains("names no grammar"), "{findings:?}");
    }

    /// **A stated fact that is empty, and a stated fact that ignores its
    /// argument.**
    ///
    /// Both answers deploy without an error and are wrong in the data: an empty
    /// helper body keys every row to nothing, and a file relation that drops
    /// its path reads one file for every entity a design binds. Neither is
    /// visible anywhere else, which is why the kit grades them.
    #[test]
    fn a_stated_key_body_that_is_blank_and_a_file_relation_that_drops_its_path_are_blocking() {
        struct Overstated;
        impl SqlRenderer for Overstated {
            fn render_data_type(&self, dt: &DataType) -> String {
                razeri_plugin_contract::agnostic::render_data_type_ansi(dt)
            }
            fn quote_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
                format!("\"{name}\"")
            }
            fn qualify_name(&self, _schema: Option<&str>, name: &str) -> String {
                name.to_owned()
            }
            fn render_current_timestamp(&self) -> String {
                "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP".to_owned()
            }
            fn dialect_name(&self) -> &'static str {
                "overstateddb"
            }
            fn sid_helper_body(&self) -> Option<razeri_plugin_contract::SidHelperBody> {
                Some(razeri_plugin_contract::SidHelperBody {
                    language: razeri_plugin_contract::SidHelperLanguage::JavaScript,
                    body: "   \n  ",
                })
            }
            fn delimited_file_relation(&self, _path_literal: &str) -> Option<String> {
                Some("read_csv_auto('/tmp/whatever.csv')".to_owned())
            }
        }
        impl ExpressionRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl DdlRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl DmlRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl ProcedureRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl FormulaRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl TaskRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl ReplicationRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl StorageRenderer for Overstated {}
        impl DialectCapabilities for Overstated {}
        impl PlatformDialect for Overstated {
            fn info(&self) -> DialectInfo {
                DialectInfo {
                    name: "overstateddb",
                    display_name: "Overstated DB",
                    aliases: &[],
                    dialect_family: DialectFamily::Custom(""),
                    family: "Overstated",
                    is_cloud_native: false,
                    is_olap: false,
                    is_postgres_compatible: false,
                    versions: &[],
                    deploy_script: None,
                }
            }
        }

        let report = check(&Overstated);
        for (fragment, why) in [
            ("supplies an empty one", "a blank helper body"),
            ("does not carry the path", "a file relation that drops its path"),
        ] {
            let found = report
                .findings
                .iter()
                .find(|f| f.what.contains(fragment))
                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{why} is not graded:\n{report}"));
            assert_eq!(found.severity, Severity::Blocking, "{why}: {found:?}");
        }

        // And silence is not a finding. The fully-answered fixture states
        // neither fact — the majority answer — and owes nothing for it.
        let quiet = check(&HealthyPlugin::new());
        for fragment in ["supplies an empty one", "does not carry the path"] {
            assert!(
                !quiet.findings.iter().any(|f| f.what.contains(fragment)),
                "silence is the default and owes nothing:\n{quiet}"
            );
        }
    }

    /// **A stated refusal is a claim, and a claim owes the reader words** — the
    /// same grading every other refusal gets, because these words are the only
    /// thing an operator finds where the load would have been.
    #[test]
    fn a_stated_upsert_refusal_is_graded_as_copy_and_a_silent_one_as_unanswered() {
        let mut mute = Vec::new();
        check_refusal_copy("the upsert refusal", "no merge", &mut mute);
        assert_eq!(mute.len(), 1, "a three-word refusal is a wall: {mute:?}");
        assert!(mute[0].what.contains("the upsert refusal"), "{mute:?}");

        let silence = check(&BrokenPlugin);
        assert!(
            silence
                .findings
                .iter()
                .any(|f| f.severity == Severity::Unanswered && f.what.contains("upsert shape")),
            "a dialect that never answered is unanswered, not wrong:\n{silence}"
        );
        assert!(
            silence.findings.iter().any(|f| f.fix.contains("MergeShape::Unsupported")),
            "the fix line names the way to state a measured refusal:\n{silence}"
        );
    }

    /// The report leads with what to fix and says it in words a reader can
    /// act on — no identifiers from Razeri's own record-keeping, and a
    /// one-line count before the detail.
    #[test]
    fn the_report_reads_as_a_summary_then_a_fix_list() {
        let text = check(&BrokenPlugin).to_string();
        let first = text.lines().next().expect("a summary line");
        assert!(first.starts_with("brokendb:"), "{first}");
        assert!(first.contains("to fix"), "{first}");
        assert!(text.contains("      → "), "every finding names the fix:\n{text}");
    }
}