Struct ratatui::style::Style

source ·
pub struct Style {
    pub fg: Option<Color>,
    pub bg: Option<Color>,
    pub underline_color: Option<Color>,
    pub add_modifier: Modifier,
    pub sub_modifier: Modifier,
}
Expand description

Style lets you control the main characteristics of the displayed elements.

use ratatui::prelude::*;

Style::default()
    .fg(Color::Black)
    .bg(Color::Green)
    .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC | Modifier::BOLD);

Styles can also be created with a shorthand notation.

Style::new().black().on_green().italic().bold();

For more information about the style shorthands, see the Stylize trait.

We implement conversions from Color and Modifier to Style so you can use them anywhere that accepts Into<Style>.

Line::styled("hello", Style::new().fg(Color::Red));
// simplifies to
Line::styled("hello", Color::Red);

Line::styled("hello", Style::new().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD));
// simplifies to
Line::styled("hello", Modifier::BOLD);

Styles represents an incremental change. If you apply the styles S1, S2, S3 to a cell of the terminal buffer, the style of this cell will be the result of the merge of S1, S2 and S3, not just S3.

use ratatui::prelude::*;

let styles = [
    Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Blue)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC),
    Style::default()
        .bg(Color::Red)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED),
    #[cfg(feature = "underline-color")]
    Style::default().underline_color(Color::Green),
    Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Yellow)
        .remove_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC),
];
let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 1, 1));
for style in &styles {
    buffer.get_mut(0, 0).set_style(*style);
}
assert_eq!(
    Style {
        fg: Some(Color::Yellow),
        bg: Some(Color::Red),
        #[cfg(feature = "underline-color")]
        underline_color: Some(Color::Green),
        add_modifier: Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::UNDERLINED,
        sub_modifier: Modifier::empty(),
    },
    buffer.get(0, 0).style(),
);

The default implementation returns a Style that does not modify anything. If you wish to reset all properties until that point use Style::reset.

use ratatui::prelude::*;

let styles = [
    Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Blue)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC),
    Style::reset().fg(Color::Yellow),
];
let mut buffer = Buffer::empty(Rect::new(0, 0, 1, 1));
for style in &styles {
    buffer.get_mut(0, 0).set_style(*style);
}
assert_eq!(
    Style {
        fg: Some(Color::Yellow),
        bg: Some(Color::Reset),
        #[cfg(feature = "underline-color")]
        underline_color: Some(Color::Reset),
        add_modifier: Modifier::empty(),
        sub_modifier: Modifier::empty(),
    },
    buffer.get(0, 0).style(),
);

Fields§

§fg: Option<Color>§bg: Option<Color>§underline_color: Option<Color>
Available on crate feature underline-color only.
§add_modifier: Modifier§sub_modifier: Modifier

Implementations§

source§

impl Style

source

pub const fn new() -> Self

Examples found in repository?
examples/block.rs (line 170)
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fn render_styled_borders(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::bordered()
        .border_style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic())
        .title("Styled borders");
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_styled_block(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::bordered()
        .style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic())
        .title("Styled block");
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

// Note: this currently renders incorrectly, see https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/349
fn render_styled_title(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::bordered()
        .title("Styled title")
        .title_style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic());
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}
More examples
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examples/demo2/tabs/weather.rs (line 62)
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fn render_calendar(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let date = OffsetDateTime::now_utc().date();
    calendar::Monthly::new(date, CalendarEventStore::today(Style::new().red().bold()))
        .block(Block::new().padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 2, 0)))
        .show_month_header(Style::new().bold())
        .show_weekdays_header(Style::new().italic())
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_simple_barchart(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let data = [
        ("Sat", 76),
        ("Sun", 69),
        ("Mon", 65),
        ("Tue", 67),
        ("Wed", 65),
        ("Thu", 69),
        ("Fri", 73),
    ];
    let data = data
        .into_iter()
        .map(|(label, value)| {
            Bar::default()
                .value(value)
                // This doesn't actually render correctly as the text is too wide for the bar
                // See https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/513 for more info
                // (the demo GIFs hack around this by hacking the calculation in bars.rs)
                .text_value(format!("{value}°"))
                .style(if value > 70 {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Red)
                } else {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Yellow)
                })
                .value_style(if value > 70 {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Gray).bg(Color::Red).bold()
                } else {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::DarkGray).bg(Color::Yellow).bold()
                })
                .label(label.into())
        })
        .collect_vec();
    let group = BarGroup::default().bars(&data);
    BarChart::default()
        .data(group)
        .bar_width(3)
        .bar_gap(1)
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_horizontal_barchart(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let bg = Color::Rgb(32, 48, 96);
    let data = [
        Bar::default().text_value("Winter 37-51".into()).value(51),
        Bar::default().text_value("Spring 40-65".into()).value(65),
        Bar::default().text_value("Summer 54-77".into()).value(77),
        Bar::default()
            .text_value("Fall 41-71".into())
            .value(71)
            .value_style(Style::new().bold()), // current season
    ];
    let group = BarGroup::default().label("GPU".into()).bars(&data);
    BarChart::default()
        .block(Block::new().padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 2, 0)))
        .direction(Direction::Horizontal)
        .data(group)
        .bar_gap(1)
        .bar_style(Style::new().fg(bg))
        .value_style(Style::new().bg(bg).fg(Color::Gray))
        .render(area, buf);
}

#[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
pub fn render_gauge(progress: usize, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let percent = (progress * 3).min(100) as f64;

    render_line_gauge(percent, area, buf);
}

#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
fn render_line_gauge(percent: f64, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    // cycle color hue based on the percent for a neat effect yellow -> red
    let hue = 90.0 - (percent as f32 * 0.6);
    let value = Okhsv::max_value();
    let fg = color_from_oklab(hue, Okhsv::max_saturation(), value);
    let bg = color_from_oklab(hue, Okhsv::max_saturation(), value * 0.5);
    let label = if percent < 100.0 {
        format!("Downloading: {percent}%")
    } else {
        "Download Complete!".into()
    };
    LineGauge::default()
        .ratio(percent / 100.0)
        .label(label)
        .style(Style::new().light_blue())
        .gauge_style(Style::new().fg(fg).bg(bg))
        .line_set(symbols::line::THICK)
        .render(area, buf);
}
examples/gauge.rs (line 173)
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    fn render_gauge2(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let title = title_block("Gauge with ratio and custom label");
        let label = Span::styled(
            format!("{:.1}/100", self.progress2),
            Style::new().italic().bold().fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR),
        );
        Gauge::default()
            .block(title)
            .gauge_style(GAUGE2_COLOR)
            .ratio(self.progress2 / 100.0)
            .label(label)
            .render(area, buf);
    }
examples/demo2/tabs/recipe.rs (line 158)
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fn render_ingredients(selected_row: usize, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let mut state = TableState::default().with_selected(Some(selected_row));
    let rows = INGREDIENTS.iter().copied();
    let theme = THEME.recipe;
    StatefulWidget::render(
        Table::new(rows, [Constraint::Length(7), Constraint::Length(30)])
            .block(Block::new().style(theme.ingredients))
            .header(Row::new(vec!["Qty", "Ingredient"]).style(theme.ingredients_header))
            .highlight_style(Style::new().light_yellow()),
        area,
        buf,
        &mut state,
    );
}
examples/custom_widget.rs (line 97)
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    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let (background, text, shadow, highlight) = self.colors();
        buf.set_style(area, Style::new().bg(background).fg(text));

        // render top line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 2 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y,
                "▔".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(highlight).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render bottom line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 1 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y + area.height - 1,
                "▁".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(shadow).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render label centered
        buf.set_line(
            area.x + (area.width.saturating_sub(self.label.width() as u16)) / 2,
            area.y + (area.height.saturating_sub(1)) / 2,
            &self.label,
            area.width,
        );
    }
examples/demo2/destroy.rs (line 87)
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fn text(frame_count: usize, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let sub_frame = frame_count.saturating_sub(TEXT_DELAY);
    if sub_frame == 0 {
        return;
    }

    let line = "RATATUI";
    let big_text = BigTextBuilder::default()
        .lines([line.into()])
        .pixel_size(PixelSize::Full)
        .style(Style::new().fg(Color::Rgb(255, 0, 0)))
        .build()
        .unwrap();

    // the font size is 8x8 for each character and we have 1 line
    let area = centered_rect(area, line.width() as u16 * 8, 8);

    let mask_buf = &mut Buffer::empty(area);
    big_text.render(area, mask_buf);

    let percentage = (sub_frame as f64 / 480.0).clamp(0.0, 1.0);

    for row in area.rows() {
        for col in row.columns() {
            let cell = buf.get_mut(col.x, col.y);
            let mask_cell = mask_buf.get(col.x, col.y);
            cell.set_symbol(mask_cell.symbol());

            // blend the mask cell color with the cell color
            let cell_color = cell.style().bg.unwrap_or(Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0));
            let mask_color = mask_cell.style().fg.unwrap_or(Color::Rgb(255, 0, 0));

            let color = blend(mask_color, cell_color, percentage);
            cell.set_style(Style::new().fg(color));
        }
    }
}
source

pub const fn reset() -> Self

Returns a Style resetting all properties.

Examples found in repository?
examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 455)
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    fn render_2px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(selected_color).reversed())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_4px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let color = if self.legend {
            selected_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let label = self.label(area.width);
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(color).reversed())
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color);
        Paragraph::new(label)
            .centered()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color)
            .block(block)
            .render(area, buf);

        if !self.legend {
            let border_color = if self.selected {
                lighter_color
            } else {
                main_color
            };
            if let Some(last_row) = area.rows().last() {
                buf.set_style(last_row, border_color);
            }
        }
    }
More examples
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examples/layout.rs (line 195)
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fn render_example_combination(
    frame: &mut Frame,
    area: Rect,
    title: &str,
    constraints: Vec<(Constraint, Constraint)>,
) {
    let block = Block::bordered()
        .title(title.gray())
        .style(Style::reset())
        .border_style(Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray));
    let inner = block.inner(area);
    frame.render_widget(block, area);
    let layout = Layout::vertical(vec![Length(1); constraints.len() + 1]).split(inner);
    for (i, (a, b)) in constraints.into_iter().enumerate() {
        render_single_example(frame, layout[i], vec![a, b, Min(0)]);
    }
    // This is to make it easy to visually see the alignment of the examples
    // with the constraints.
    frame.render_widget(Paragraph::new("123456789012"), layout[6]);
}
examples/flex.rs (line 466)
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    fn render_spacer(spacer: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        if spacer.width > 1 {
            let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
                top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
                top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
                bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
                bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
                vertical_left: " ",
                vertical_right: " ",
                horizontal_top: " ",
                horizontal_bottom: " ",
            };
            Block::bordered()
                .border_set(corners_only)
                .border_style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
                .render(spacer, buf);
        } else {
            Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
                Line::from(""),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from(""),
            ]))
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .render(spacer, buf);
        }
        let width = spacer.width;
        let label = if width > 4 {
            format!("{width} px")
        } else if width > 2 {
            format!("{width}")
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        let text = Text::from(vec![
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::styled(label, Style::reset().dark_gray()),
        ]);
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .render(spacer, buf);
    }

    fn illustration(constraint: Constraint, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let main_color = color_for_constraint(constraint);
        let fg_color = Color::White;
        let title = format!("{constraint}");
        let content = format!("{width} px");
        let text = format!("{title}\n{content}");
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed())
            .style(Style::default().fg(fg_color).bg(main_color));
        Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
    }
source

pub const fn fg(self, color: Color) -> Self

Changes the foreground color.

§Examples
let style = Style::default().fg(Color::Blue);
let diff = Style::default().fg(Color::Red);
assert_eq!(style.patch(diff), Style::default().fg(Color::Red));
Examples found in repository?
examples/gauge.rs (line 173)
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    fn render_gauge2(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let title = title_block("Gauge with ratio and custom label");
        let label = Span::styled(
            format!("{:.1}/100", self.progress2),
            Style::new().italic().bold().fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR),
        );
        Gauge::default()
            .block(title)
            .gauge_style(GAUGE2_COLOR)
            .ratio(self.progress2 / 100.0)
            .label(label)
            .render(area, buf);
    }
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 455)
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    fn render_2px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(selected_color).reversed())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_4px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let color = if self.legend {
            selected_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let label = self.label(area.width);
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(color).reversed())
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color);
        Paragraph::new(label)
            .centered()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color)
            .block(block)
            .render(area, buf);

        if !self.legend {
            let border_color = if self.selected {
                lighter_color
            } else {
                main_color
            };
            if let Some(last_row) = area.rows().last() {
                buf.set_style(last_row, border_color);
            }
        }
    }
examples/flex.rs (line 505)
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    fn illustration(constraint: Constraint, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let main_color = color_for_constraint(constraint);
        let fg_color = Color::White;
        let title = format!("{constraint}");
        let content = format!("{width} px");
        let text = format!("{title}\n{content}");
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed())
            .style(Style::default().fg(fg_color).bg(main_color));
        Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
    }
examples/demo/ui.rs (line 15)
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pub fn draw(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(3), Constraint::Min(0)]).split(f.size());
    let tabs = app
        .tabs
        .titles
        .iter()
        .map(|t| text::Line::from(Span::styled(*t, Style::default().fg(Color::Green))))
        .collect::<Tabs>()
        .block(Block::bordered().title(app.title))
        .highlight_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
        .select(app.tabs.index);
    f.render_widget(tabs, chunks[0]);
    match app.tabs.index {
        0 => draw_first_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
        1 => draw_second_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
        2 => draw_third_tab(f, app, chunks[1]),
        _ => {}
    };
}

fn draw_first_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Length(9),
        Constraint::Min(8),
        Constraint::Length(7),
    ])
    .split(area);
    draw_gauges(f, app, chunks[0]);
    draw_charts(f, app, chunks[1]);
    draw_text(f, chunks[2]);
}

fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Length(2),
        Constraint::Length(3),
        Constraint::Length(1),
    ])
    .margin(1)
    .split(area);
    let block = Block::bordered().title("Graphs");
    f.render_widget(block, area);

    let label = format!("{:.2}%", app.progress * 100.0);
    let gauge = Gauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Gauge:"))
        .gauge_style(
            Style::default()
                .fg(Color::Magenta)
                .bg(Color::Black)
                .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC | Modifier::BOLD),
        )
        .use_unicode(app.enhanced_graphics)
        .label(label)
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(gauge, chunks[0]);

    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Sparkline:"))
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green))
        .data(&app.sparkline.points)
        .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
        } else {
            symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
        });
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);

    let line_gauge = LineGauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("LineGauge:"))
        .gauge_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta))
        .line_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::line::THICK
        } else {
            symbols::line::NORMAL
        })
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(line_gauge, chunks[2]);
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let constraints = if app.show_chart {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]
    } else {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(100)]
    };
    let chunks = Layout::horizontal(constraints).split(area);
    {
        let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
            .split(chunks[0]);
        {
            let chunks =
                Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
                    .split(chunks[0]);

            // Draw tasks
            let tasks: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .tasks
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|i| ListItem::new(vec![text::Line::from(Span::raw(*i))]))
                .collect();
            let tasks = List::new(tasks)
                .block(Block::bordered().title("List"))
                .highlight_style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD))
                .highlight_symbol("> ");
            f.render_stateful_widget(tasks, chunks[0], &mut app.tasks.state);

            // Draw logs
            let info_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Blue);
            let warning_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow);
            let error_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta);
            let critical_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Red);
            let logs: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .logs
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|&(evt, level)| {
                    let s = match level {
                        "ERROR" => error_style,
                        "CRITICAL" => critical_style,
                        "WARNING" => warning_style,
                        _ => info_style,
                    };
                    let content = vec![text::Line::from(vec![
                        Span::styled(format!("{level:<9}"), s),
                        Span::raw(evt),
                    ])];
                    ListItem::new(content)
                })
                .collect();
            let logs = List::new(logs).block(Block::bordered().title("List"));
            f.render_stateful_widget(logs, chunks[1], &mut app.logs.state);
        }

        let barchart = BarChart::default()
            .block(Block::bordered().title("Bar chart"))
            .data(&app.barchart)
            .bar_width(3)
            .bar_gap(2)
            .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
            } else {
                symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
            })
            .value_style(
                Style::default()
                    .fg(Color::Black)
                    .bg(Color::Green)
                    .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC),
            )
            .label_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bar_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green));
        f.render_widget(barchart, chunks[1]);
    }
    if app.show_chart {
        let x_labels = vec![
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[0]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
            Span::raw(format!(
                "{}",
                (app.signals.window[0] + app.signals.window[1]) / 2.0
            )),
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[1]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
        ];
        let datasets = vec![
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data2")
                .marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
                .data(&app.signals.sin1.points),
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data3")
                .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                    symbols::Marker::Braille
                } else {
                    symbols::Marker::Dot
                })
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
                .data(&app.signals.sin2.points),
        ];
        let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
            .block(
                Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
                    "Chart",
                    Style::default()
                        .fg(Color::Cyan)
                        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                )),
            )
            .x_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("X Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds(app.signals.window)
                    .labels(x_labels),
            )
            .y_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("Y Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds([-20.0, 20.0])
                    .labels(vec![
                        Span::styled("-20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                        Span::raw("0"),
                        Span::styled("20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                    ]),
            );
        f.render_widget(chart, chunks[1]);
    }
}

fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        text::Line::from("This is a paragraph with several lines. You can change style your text the way you want"),
        text::Line::from(""),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::from("For example: "),
            Span::styled("under", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("the", Style::default().fg(Color::Green)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("rainbow", Style::default().fg(Color::Blue)),
            Span::raw("."),
        ]),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Oh and if you didn't "),
            Span::styled("notice", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC)),
            Span::raw(" you can "),
            Span::styled("automatically", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("wrap", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)),
            Span::raw(" your "),
            Span::styled("text", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED)),
            Span::raw(".")
        ]),
        text::Line::from(
            "One more thing is that it should display unicode characters: 10€"
        ),
    ];
    let block = Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
        "Footer",
        Style::default()
            .fg(Color::Magenta)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    ));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block).wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}

fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks =
        Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(30), Constraint::Percentage(70)]).split(area);
    let up_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Green);
    let failure_style = Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Red)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK | Modifier::CROSSED_OUT);
    let rows = app.servers.iter().map(|s| {
        let style = if s.status == "Up" {
            up_style
        } else {
            failure_style
        };
        Row::new(vec![s.name, s.location, s.status]).style(style)
    });
    let table = Table::new(
        rows,
        [
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(10),
        ],
    )
    .header(
        Row::new(vec!["Server", "Location", "Status"])
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bottom_margin(1),
    )
    .block(Block::bordered().title("Servers"));
    f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);

    let map = Canvas::default()
        .block(Block::bordered().title("World"))
        .paint(|ctx| {
            ctx.draw(&Map {
                color: Color::White,
                resolution: MapResolution::High,
            });
            ctx.layer();
            ctx.draw(&Rectangle {
                x: 0.0,
                y: 30.0,
                width: 10.0,
                height: 10.0,
                color: Color::Yellow,
            });
            ctx.draw(&Circle {
                x: app.servers[2].coords.1,
                y: app.servers[2].coords.0,
                radius: 10.0,
                color: Color::Green,
            });
            for (i, s1) in app.servers.iter().enumerate() {
                for s2 in &app.servers[i + 1..] {
                    ctx.draw(&canvas::Line {
                        x1: s1.coords.1,
                        y1: s1.coords.0,
                        y2: s2.coords.0,
                        x2: s2.coords.1,
                        color: Color::Yellow,
                    });
                }
            }
            for server in &app.servers {
                let color = if server.status == "Up" {
                    Color::Green
                } else {
                    Color::Red
                };
                ctx.print(
                    server.coords.1,
                    server.coords.0,
                    Span::styled("X", Style::default().fg(color)),
                );
            }
        })
        .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::Marker::Braille
        } else {
            symbols::Marker::Dot
        })
        .x_bounds([-180.0, 180.0])
        .y_bounds([-90.0, 90.0]);
    f.render_widget(map, chunks[1]);
}

fn draw_third_tab(f: &mut Frame, _app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Ratio(1, 2), Constraint::Ratio(1, 2)]).split(area);
    let colors = [
        Color::Reset,
        Color::Black,
        Color::Red,
        Color::Green,
        Color::Yellow,
        Color::Blue,
        Color::Magenta,
        Color::Cyan,
        Color::Gray,
        Color::DarkGray,
        Color::LightRed,
        Color::LightGreen,
        Color::LightYellow,
        Color::LightBlue,
        Color::LightMagenta,
        Color::LightCyan,
        Color::White,
    ];
    let items: Vec<Row> = colors
        .iter()
        .map(|c| {
            let cells = vec![
                Cell::from(Span::raw(format!("{c:?}: "))),
                Cell::from(Span::styled("Foreground", Style::default().fg(*c))),
                Cell::from(Span::styled("Background", Style::default().bg(*c))),
            ];
            Row::new(cells)
        })
        .collect();
    let table = Table::new(
        items,
        [
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
        ],
    )
    .block(Block::bordered().title("Colors"));
    f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
}
examples/layout.rs (line 196)
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fn render_example_combination(
    frame: &mut Frame,
    area: Rect,
    title: &str,
    constraints: Vec<(Constraint, Constraint)>,
) {
    let block = Block::bordered()
        .title(title.gray())
        .style(Style::reset())
        .border_style(Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray));
    let inner = block.inner(area);
    frame.render_widget(block, area);
    let layout = Layout::vertical(vec![Length(1); constraints.len() + 1]).split(inner);
    for (i, (a, b)) in constraints.into_iter().enumerate() {
        render_single_example(frame, layout[i], vec![a, b, Min(0)]);
    }
    // This is to make it easy to visually see the alignment of the examples
    // with the constraints.
    frame.render_widget(Paragraph::new("123456789012"), layout[6]);
}
examples/custom_widget.rs (line 97)
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    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let (background, text, shadow, highlight) = self.colors();
        buf.set_style(area, Style::new().bg(background).fg(text));

        // render top line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 2 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y,
                "▔".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(highlight).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render bottom line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 1 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y + area.height - 1,
                "▁".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(shadow).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render label centered
        buf.set_line(
            area.x + (area.width.saturating_sub(self.label.width() as u16)) / 2,
            area.y + (area.height.saturating_sub(1)) / 2,
            &self.label,
            area.width,
        );
    }
source

pub const fn bg(self, color: Color) -> Self

Changes the background color.

§Examples
let style = Style::default().bg(Color::Blue);
let diff = Style::default().bg(Color::Red);
assert_eq!(style.patch(diff), Style::default().bg(Color::Red));
Examples found in repository?
examples/flex.rs (line 506)
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    fn illustration(constraint: Constraint, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let main_color = color_for_constraint(constraint);
        let fg_color = Color::White;
        let title = format!("{constraint}");
        let content = format!("{width} px");
        let text = format!("{title}\n{content}");
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed())
            .style(Style::default().fg(fg_color).bg(main_color));
        Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
    }
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/barchart.rs (line 166)
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fn ui(frame: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 3), Constraint::Ratio(2, 3)]);
    let horizontal = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]);
    let [top, bottom] = vertical.areas(frame.size());
    let [left, right] = horizontal.areas(bottom);

    let barchart = BarChart::default()
        .block(Block::bordered().title("Data1"))
        .data(&app.data)
        .bar_width(9)
        .bar_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
        .value_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::Yellow));

    frame.render_widget(barchart, top);
    draw_bar_with_group_labels(frame, app, left);
    draw_horizontal_bars(frame, app, right);
}

#[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
fn create_groups<'a>(app: &'a App, combine_values_and_labels: bool) -> Vec<BarGroup<'a>> {
    app.months
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(i, &month)| {
            let bars: Vec<Bar> = app
                .companies
                .iter()
                .map(|c| {
                    let mut bar = Bar::default()
                        .value(c.revenue[i])
                        .style(c.bar_style)
                        .value_style(
                            Style::default()
                                .bg(c.bar_style.fg.unwrap())
                                .fg(Color::Black),
                        );

                    if combine_values_and_labels {
                        bar = bar.text_value(format!(
                            "{} ({:.1} M)",
                            c.label,
                            (c.revenue[i] as f64) / 1000.
                        ));
                    } else {
                        bar = bar
                            .text_value(format!("{:.1}", (c.revenue[i] as f64) / 1000.))
                            .label(c.label.into());
                    }
                    bar
                })
                .collect();
            BarGroup::default()
                .label(Line::from(month).centered())
                .bars(&bars)
        })
        .collect()
}
examples/custom_widget.rs (line 97)
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    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let (background, text, shadow, highlight) = self.colors();
        buf.set_style(area, Style::new().bg(background).fg(text));

        // render top line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 2 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y,
                "▔".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(highlight).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render bottom line if there's enough space
        if area.height > 1 {
            buf.set_string(
                area.x,
                area.y + area.height - 1,
                "▁".repeat(area.width as usize),
                Style::new().fg(shadow).bg(background),
            );
        }
        // render label centered
        buf.set_line(
            area.x + (area.width.saturating_sub(self.label.width() as u16)) / 2,
            area.y + (area.height.saturating_sub(1)) / 2,
            &self.label,
            area.width,
        );
    }
examples/sparkline.rs (line 168)
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fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Length(3),
        Constraint::Length(3),
        Constraint::Min(0),
    ])
    .split(f.size());
    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
                .title("Data1"),
        )
        .data(&app.data1)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow));
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[0]);
    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
                .title("Data2"),
        )
        .data(&app.data2)
        .style(Style::default().bg(Color::Green));
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);
    // Multiline
    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .borders(Borders::LEFT | Borders::RIGHT)
                .title("Data3"),
        )
        .data(&app.data3)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red));
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[2]);
}
examples/demo2/tabs/weather.rs (line 94)
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fn render_simple_barchart(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let data = [
        ("Sat", 76),
        ("Sun", 69),
        ("Mon", 65),
        ("Tue", 67),
        ("Wed", 65),
        ("Thu", 69),
        ("Fri", 73),
    ];
    let data = data
        .into_iter()
        .map(|(label, value)| {
            Bar::default()
                .value(value)
                // This doesn't actually render correctly as the text is too wide for the bar
                // See https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/513 for more info
                // (the demo GIFs hack around this by hacking the calculation in bars.rs)
                .text_value(format!("{value}°"))
                .style(if value > 70 {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Red)
                } else {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Yellow)
                })
                .value_style(if value > 70 {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::Gray).bg(Color::Red).bold()
                } else {
                    Style::new().fg(Color::DarkGray).bg(Color::Yellow).bold()
                })
                .label(label.into())
        })
        .collect_vec();
    let group = BarGroup::default().bars(&data);
    BarChart::default()
        .data(group)
        .bar_width(3)
        .bar_gap(1)
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_horizontal_barchart(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let bg = Color::Rgb(32, 48, 96);
    let data = [
        Bar::default().text_value("Winter 37-51".into()).value(51),
        Bar::default().text_value("Spring 40-65".into()).value(65),
        Bar::default().text_value("Summer 54-77".into()).value(77),
        Bar::default()
            .text_value("Fall 41-71".into())
            .value(71)
            .value_style(Style::new().bold()), // current season
    ];
    let group = BarGroup::default().label("GPU".into()).bars(&data);
    BarChart::default()
        .block(Block::new().padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 2, 0)))
        .direction(Direction::Horizontal)
        .data(group)
        .bar_gap(1)
        .bar_style(Style::new().fg(bg))
        .value_style(Style::new().bg(bg).fg(Color::Gray))
        .render(area, buf);
}

#[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
pub fn render_gauge(progress: usize, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let percent = (progress * 3).min(100) as f64;

    render_line_gauge(percent, area, buf);
}

#[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
fn render_line_gauge(percent: f64, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    // cycle color hue based on the percent for a neat effect yellow -> red
    let hue = 90.0 - (percent as f32 * 0.6);
    let value = Okhsv::max_value();
    let fg = color_from_oklab(hue, Okhsv::max_saturation(), value);
    let bg = color_from_oklab(hue, Okhsv::max_saturation(), value * 0.5);
    let label = if percent < 100.0 {
        format!("Downloading: {percent}%")
    } else {
        "Download Complete!".into()
    };
    LineGauge::default()
        .ratio(percent / 100.0)
        .label(label)
        .style(Style::new().light_blue())
        .gauge_style(Style::new().fg(fg).bg(bg))
        .line_set(symbols::line::THICK)
        .render(area, buf);
}
examples/demo/ui.rs (line 58)
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fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Length(2),
        Constraint::Length(3),
        Constraint::Length(1),
    ])
    .margin(1)
    .split(area);
    let block = Block::bordered().title("Graphs");
    f.render_widget(block, area);

    let label = format!("{:.2}%", app.progress * 100.0);
    let gauge = Gauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Gauge:"))
        .gauge_style(
            Style::default()
                .fg(Color::Magenta)
                .bg(Color::Black)
                .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC | Modifier::BOLD),
        )
        .use_unicode(app.enhanced_graphics)
        .label(label)
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(gauge, chunks[0]);

    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Sparkline:"))
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green))
        .data(&app.sparkline.points)
        .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
        } else {
            symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
        });
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);

    let line_gauge = LineGauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("LineGauge:"))
        .gauge_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta))
        .line_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::line::THICK
        } else {
            symbols::line::NORMAL
        })
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(line_gauge, chunks[2]);
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let constraints = if app.show_chart {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]
    } else {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(100)]
    };
    let chunks = Layout::horizontal(constraints).split(area);
    {
        let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
            .split(chunks[0]);
        {
            let chunks =
                Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
                    .split(chunks[0]);

            // Draw tasks
            let tasks: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .tasks
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|i| ListItem::new(vec![text::Line::from(Span::raw(*i))]))
                .collect();
            let tasks = List::new(tasks)
                .block(Block::bordered().title("List"))
                .highlight_style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD))
                .highlight_symbol("> ");
            f.render_stateful_widget(tasks, chunks[0], &mut app.tasks.state);

            // Draw logs
            let info_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Blue);
            let warning_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow);
            let error_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta);
            let critical_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Red);
            let logs: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .logs
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|&(evt, level)| {
                    let s = match level {
                        "ERROR" => error_style,
                        "CRITICAL" => critical_style,
                        "WARNING" => warning_style,
                        _ => info_style,
                    };
                    let content = vec![text::Line::from(vec![
                        Span::styled(format!("{level:<9}"), s),
                        Span::raw(evt),
                    ])];
                    ListItem::new(content)
                })
                .collect();
            let logs = List::new(logs).block(Block::bordered().title("List"));
            f.render_stateful_widget(logs, chunks[1], &mut app.logs.state);
        }

        let barchart = BarChart::default()
            .block(Block::bordered().title("Bar chart"))
            .data(&app.barchart)
            .bar_width(3)
            .bar_gap(2)
            .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
            } else {
                symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
            })
            .value_style(
                Style::default()
                    .fg(Color::Black)
                    .bg(Color::Green)
                    .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC),
            )
            .label_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bar_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green));
        f.render_widget(barchart, chunks[1]);
    }
    if app.show_chart {
        let x_labels = vec![
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[0]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
            Span::raw(format!(
                "{}",
                (app.signals.window[0] + app.signals.window[1]) / 2.0
            )),
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[1]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
        ];
        let datasets = vec![
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data2")
                .marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
                .data(&app.signals.sin1.points),
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data3")
                .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                    symbols::Marker::Braille
                } else {
                    symbols::Marker::Dot
                })
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
                .data(&app.signals.sin2.points),
        ];
        let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
            .block(
                Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
                    "Chart",
                    Style::default()
                        .fg(Color::Cyan)
                        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                )),
            )
            .x_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("X Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds(app.signals.window)
                    .labels(x_labels),
            )
            .y_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("Y Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds([-20.0, 20.0])
                    .labels(vec![
                        Span::styled("-20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                        Span::raw("0"),
                        Span::styled("20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                    ]),
            );
        f.render_widget(chart, chunks[1]);
    }
}

fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        text::Line::from("This is a paragraph with several lines. You can change style your text the way you want"),
        text::Line::from(""),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::from("For example: "),
            Span::styled("under", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("the", Style::default().fg(Color::Green)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("rainbow", Style::default().fg(Color::Blue)),
            Span::raw("."),
        ]),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Oh and if you didn't "),
            Span::styled("notice", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC)),
            Span::raw(" you can "),
            Span::styled("automatically", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("wrap", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)),
            Span::raw(" your "),
            Span::styled("text", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED)),
            Span::raw(".")
        ]),
        text::Line::from(
            "One more thing is that it should display unicode characters: 10€"
        ),
    ];
    let block = Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
        "Footer",
        Style::default()
            .fg(Color::Magenta)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    ));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block).wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}

fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks =
        Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(30), Constraint::Percentage(70)]).split(area);
    let up_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Green);
    let failure_style = Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Red)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK | Modifier::CROSSED_OUT);
    let rows = app.servers.iter().map(|s| {
        let style = if s.status == "Up" {
            up_style
        } else {
            failure_style
        };
        Row::new(vec![s.name, s.location, s.status]).style(style)
    });
    let table = Table::new(
        rows,
        [
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(10),
        ],
    )
    .header(
        Row::new(vec!["Server", "Location", "Status"])
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bottom_margin(1),
    )
    .block(Block::bordered().title("Servers"));
    f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);

    let map = Canvas::default()
        .block(Block::bordered().title("World"))
        .paint(|ctx| {
            ctx.draw(&Map {
                color: Color::White,
                resolution: MapResolution::High,
            });
            ctx.layer();
            ctx.draw(&Rectangle {
                x: 0.0,
                y: 30.0,
                width: 10.0,
                height: 10.0,
                color: Color::Yellow,
            });
            ctx.draw(&Circle {
                x: app.servers[2].coords.1,
                y: app.servers[2].coords.0,
                radius: 10.0,
                color: Color::Green,
            });
            for (i, s1) in app.servers.iter().enumerate() {
                for s2 in &app.servers[i + 1..] {
                    ctx.draw(&canvas::Line {
                        x1: s1.coords.1,
                        y1: s1.coords.0,
                        y2: s2.coords.0,
                        x2: s2.coords.1,
                        color: Color::Yellow,
                    });
                }
            }
            for server in &app.servers {
                let color = if server.status == "Up" {
                    Color::Green
                } else {
                    Color::Red
                };
                ctx.print(
                    server.coords.1,
                    server.coords.0,
                    Span::styled("X", Style::default().fg(color)),
                );
            }
        })
        .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::Marker::Braille
        } else {
            symbols::Marker::Dot
        })
        .x_bounds([-180.0, 180.0])
        .y_bounds([-90.0, 90.0]);
    f.render_widget(map, chunks[1]);
}

fn draw_third_tab(f: &mut Frame, _app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Ratio(1, 2), Constraint::Ratio(1, 2)]).split(area);
    let colors = [
        Color::Reset,
        Color::Black,
        Color::Red,
        Color::Green,
        Color::Yellow,
        Color::Blue,
        Color::Magenta,
        Color::Cyan,
        Color::Gray,
        Color::DarkGray,
        Color::LightRed,
        Color::LightGreen,
        Color::LightYellow,
        Color::LightBlue,
        Color::LightMagenta,
        Color::LightCyan,
        Color::White,
    ];
    let items: Vec<Row> = colors
        .iter()
        .map(|c| {
            let cells = vec![
                Cell::from(Span::raw(format!("{c:?}: "))),
                Cell::from(Span::styled("Foreground", Style::default().fg(*c))),
                Cell::from(Span::styled("Background", Style::default().bg(*c))),
            ];
            Row::new(cells)
        })
        .collect();
    let table = Table::new(
        items,
        [
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
            Constraint::Ratio(1, 3),
        ],
    )
    .block(Block::bordered().title("Colors"));
    f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);
}
source

pub const fn underline_color(self, color: Color) -> Self

Available on crate feature underline-color only.

Changes the underline color. The text must be underlined with a modifier for this to work.

This uses a non-standard ANSI escape sequence. It is supported by most terminal emulators, but is only implemented in the crossterm backend and enabled by the underline-color feature flag.

See Wikipedia code 58 and 59 for more information.

§Examples
let style = Style::default()
    .underline_color(Color::Blue)
    .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED);
let diff = Style::default()
    .underline_color(Color::Red)
    .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED);
assert_eq!(
    style.patch(diff),
    Style::default()
        .underline_color(Color::Red)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED)
);
source

pub const fn add_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> Self

Changes the text emphasis.

When applied, it adds the given modifier to the Style modifiers.

§Examples
let style = Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD);
let diff = Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC);
let patched = style.patch(diff);
assert_eq!(patched.add_modifier, Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC);
assert_eq!(patched.sub_modifier, Modifier::empty());
Examples found in repository?
examples/barchart.rs (line 278)
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fn draw_legend(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            TOTAL_REVENUE,
            Style::default()
                .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
                .fg(Color::White),
        )),
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            "- Company A",
            Style::default().fg(Color::Green),
        )),
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            "- Company B",
            Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
        )),
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            "- Company C",
            Style::default().fg(Color::White),
        )),
    ];

    let block = Block::bordered().style(Style::default().fg(Color::White));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block);
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/chart.rs (line 165)
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fn render_chart1(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect, app: &App) {
    let x_labels = vec![
        Span::styled(
            format!("{}", app.window[0]),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
        ),
        Span::raw(format!("{}", (app.window[0] + app.window[1]) / 2.0)),
        Span::styled(
            format!("{}", app.window[1]),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
        ),
    ];
    let datasets = vec![
        Dataset::default()
            .name("data2")
            .marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
            .data(&app.data1),
        Dataset::default()
            .name("data3")
            .marker(symbols::Marker::Braille)
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .data(&app.data2),
    ];

    let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
        .block(Block::bordered().title("Chart 1".cyan().bold()))
        .x_axis(
            Axis::default()
                .title("X Axis")
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                .labels(x_labels)
                .bounds(app.window),
        )
        .y_axis(
            Axis::default()
                .title("Y Axis")
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                .labels(vec!["-20".bold(), "0".into(), "20".bold()])
                .bounds([-20.0, 20.0]),
        );

    f.render_widget(chart, area);
}
examples/demo/ui.rs (line 59)
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fn draw_gauges(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Length(2),
        Constraint::Length(3),
        Constraint::Length(1),
    ])
    .margin(1)
    .split(area);
    let block = Block::bordered().title("Graphs");
    f.render_widget(block, area);

    let label = format!("{:.2}%", app.progress * 100.0);
    let gauge = Gauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Gauge:"))
        .gauge_style(
            Style::default()
                .fg(Color::Magenta)
                .bg(Color::Black)
                .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC | Modifier::BOLD),
        )
        .use_unicode(app.enhanced_graphics)
        .label(label)
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(gauge, chunks[0]);

    let sparkline = Sparkline::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("Sparkline:"))
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green))
        .data(&app.sparkline.points)
        .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
        } else {
            symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
        });
    f.render_widget(sparkline, chunks[1]);

    let line_gauge = LineGauge::default()
        .block(Block::new().title("LineGauge:"))
        .gauge_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta))
        .line_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::line::THICK
        } else {
            symbols::line::NORMAL
        })
        .ratio(app.progress);
    f.render_widget(line_gauge, chunks[2]);
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn draw_charts(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let constraints = if app.show_chart {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)]
    } else {
        vec![Constraint::Percentage(100)]
    };
    let chunks = Layout::horizontal(constraints).split(area);
    {
        let chunks = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
            .split(chunks[0]);
        {
            let chunks =
                Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(50), Constraint::Percentage(50)])
                    .split(chunks[0]);

            // Draw tasks
            let tasks: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .tasks
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|i| ListItem::new(vec![text::Line::from(Span::raw(*i))]))
                .collect();
            let tasks = List::new(tasks)
                .block(Block::bordered().title("List"))
                .highlight_style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD))
                .highlight_symbol("> ");
            f.render_stateful_widget(tasks, chunks[0], &mut app.tasks.state);

            // Draw logs
            let info_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Blue);
            let warning_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow);
            let error_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Magenta);
            let critical_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Red);
            let logs: Vec<ListItem> = app
                .logs
                .items
                .iter()
                .map(|&(evt, level)| {
                    let s = match level {
                        "ERROR" => error_style,
                        "CRITICAL" => critical_style,
                        "WARNING" => warning_style,
                        _ => info_style,
                    };
                    let content = vec![text::Line::from(vec![
                        Span::styled(format!("{level:<9}"), s),
                        Span::raw(evt),
                    ])];
                    ListItem::new(content)
                })
                .collect();
            let logs = List::new(logs).block(Block::bordered().title("List"));
            f.render_stateful_widget(logs, chunks[1], &mut app.logs.state);
        }

        let barchart = BarChart::default()
            .block(Block::bordered().title("Bar chart"))
            .data(&app.barchart)
            .bar_width(3)
            .bar_gap(2)
            .bar_set(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                symbols::bar::NINE_LEVELS
            } else {
                symbols::bar::THREE_LEVELS
            })
            .value_style(
                Style::default()
                    .fg(Color::Black)
                    .bg(Color::Green)
                    .add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC),
            )
            .label_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bar_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Green));
        f.render_widget(barchart, chunks[1]);
    }
    if app.show_chart {
        let x_labels = vec![
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[0]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
            Span::raw(format!(
                "{}",
                (app.signals.window[0] + app.signals.window[1]) / 2.0
            )),
            Span::styled(
                format!("{}", app.signals.window[1]),
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ),
        ];
        let datasets = vec![
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data2")
                .marker(symbols::Marker::Dot)
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
                .data(&app.signals.sin1.points),
            Dataset::default()
                .name("data3")
                .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
                    symbols::Marker::Braille
                } else {
                    symbols::Marker::Dot
                })
                .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
                .data(&app.signals.sin2.points),
        ];
        let chart = Chart::new(datasets)
            .block(
                Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
                    "Chart",
                    Style::default()
                        .fg(Color::Cyan)
                        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                )),
            )
            .x_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("X Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds(app.signals.window)
                    .labels(x_labels),
            )
            .y_axis(
                Axis::default()
                    .title("Y Axis")
                    .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
                    .bounds([-20.0, 20.0])
                    .labels(vec![
                        Span::styled("-20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                        Span::raw("0"),
                        Span::styled("20", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
                    ]),
            );
        f.render_widget(chart, chunks[1]);
    }
}

fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        text::Line::from("This is a paragraph with several lines. You can change style your text the way you want"),
        text::Line::from(""),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::from("For example: "),
            Span::styled("under", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("the", Style::default().fg(Color::Green)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("rainbow", Style::default().fg(Color::Blue)),
            Span::raw("."),
        ]),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Oh and if you didn't "),
            Span::styled("notice", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC)),
            Span::raw(" you can "),
            Span::styled("automatically", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("wrap", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)),
            Span::raw(" your "),
            Span::styled("text", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED)),
            Span::raw(".")
        ]),
        text::Line::from(
            "One more thing is that it should display unicode characters: 10€"
        ),
    ];
    let block = Block::bordered().title(Span::styled(
        "Footer",
        Style::default()
            .fg(Color::Magenta)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    ));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block).wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}

fn draw_second_tab(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let chunks =
        Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(30), Constraint::Percentage(70)]).split(area);
    let up_style = Style::default().fg(Color::Green);
    let failure_style = Style::default()
        .fg(Color::Red)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK | Modifier::CROSSED_OUT);
    let rows = app.servers.iter().map(|s| {
        let style = if s.status == "Up" {
            up_style
        } else {
            failure_style
        };
        Row::new(vec![s.name, s.location, s.status]).style(style)
    });
    let table = Table::new(
        rows,
        [
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(15),
            Constraint::Length(10),
        ],
    )
    .header(
        Row::new(vec!["Server", "Location", "Status"])
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .bottom_margin(1),
    )
    .block(Block::bordered().title("Servers"));
    f.render_widget(table, chunks[0]);

    let map = Canvas::default()
        .block(Block::bordered().title("World"))
        .paint(|ctx| {
            ctx.draw(&Map {
                color: Color::White,
                resolution: MapResolution::High,
            });
            ctx.layer();
            ctx.draw(&Rectangle {
                x: 0.0,
                y: 30.0,
                width: 10.0,
                height: 10.0,
                color: Color::Yellow,
            });
            ctx.draw(&Circle {
                x: app.servers[2].coords.1,
                y: app.servers[2].coords.0,
                radius: 10.0,
                color: Color::Green,
            });
            for (i, s1) in app.servers.iter().enumerate() {
                for s2 in &app.servers[i + 1..] {
                    ctx.draw(&canvas::Line {
                        x1: s1.coords.1,
                        y1: s1.coords.0,
                        y2: s2.coords.0,
                        x2: s2.coords.1,
                        color: Color::Yellow,
                    });
                }
            }
            for server in &app.servers {
                let color = if server.status == "Up" {
                    Color::Green
                } else {
                    Color::Red
                };
                ctx.print(
                    server.coords.1,
                    server.coords.0,
                    Span::styled("X", Style::default().fg(color)),
                );
            }
        })
        .marker(if app.enhanced_graphics {
            symbols::Marker::Braille
        } else {
            symbols::Marker::Dot
        })
        .x_bounds([-180.0, 180.0])
        .y_bounds([-90.0, 90.0]);
    f.render_widget(map, chunks[1]);
}
examples/table.rs (line 246)
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fn render_table(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App, area: Rect) {
    let header_style = Style::default()
        .fg(app.colors.header_fg)
        .bg(app.colors.header_bg);
    let selected_style = Style::default()
        .add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)
        .fg(app.colors.selected_style_fg);

    let header = ["Name", "Address", "Email"]
        .into_iter()
        .map(Cell::from)
        .collect::<Row>()
        .style(header_style)
        .height(1);
    let rows = app.items.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, data)| {
        let color = match i % 2 {
            0 => app.colors.normal_row_color,
            _ => app.colors.alt_row_color,
        };
        let item = data.ref_array();
        item.into_iter()
            .map(|content| Cell::from(Text::from(format!("\n{content}\n"))))
            .collect::<Row>()
            .style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(color))
            .height(4)
    });
    let bar = " █ ";
    let t = Table::new(
        rows,
        [
            // + 1 is for padding.
            Constraint::Length(app.longest_item_lens.0 + 1),
            Constraint::Min(app.longest_item_lens.1 + 1),
            Constraint::Min(app.longest_item_lens.2),
        ],
    )
    .header(header)
    .highlight_style(selected_style)
    .highlight_symbol(Text::from(vec![
        "".into(),
        bar.into(),
        bar.into(),
        "".into(),
    ]))
    .bg(app.colors.buffer_bg)
    .highlight_spacing(HighlightSpacing::Always);
    f.render_stateful_widget(t, area, &mut app.state);
}
examples/list.rs (line 224)
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    fn render_todo(&mut self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        // We create two blocks, one is for the header (outer) and the other is for list (inner).
        let outer_block = Block::new()
            .borders(Borders::NONE)
            .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .title("TODO List")
            .fg(TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(TODO_HEADER_BG);
        let inner_block = Block::new()
            .borders(Borders::NONE)
            .fg(TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(NORMAL_ROW_COLOR);

        // We get the inner area from outer_block. We'll use this area later to render the table.
        let outer_area = area;
        let inner_area = outer_block.inner(outer_area);

        // We can render the header in outer_area.
        outer_block.render(outer_area, buf);

        // Iterate through all elements in the `items` and stylize them.
        let items: Vec<ListItem> = self
            .items
            .items
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, todo_item)| todo_item.to_list_item(i))
            .collect();

        // Create a List from all list items and highlight the currently selected one
        let items = List::new(items)
            .block(inner_block)
            .highlight_style(
                Style::default()
                    .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
                    .add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)
                    .fg(SELECTED_STYLE_FG),
            )
            .highlight_symbol(">")
            .highlight_spacing(HighlightSpacing::Always);

        // We can now render the item list
        // (look careful we are using StatefulWidget's render.)
        // ratatui::widgets::StatefulWidget::render as stateful_render
        StatefulWidget::render(items, inner_area, buf, &mut self.items.state);
    }
examples/demo2/theme.rs (line 69)
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pub const THEME: Theme = Theme {
    root: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE),
    content: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE).fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
    app_title: Style::new()
        .fg(WHITE)
        .bg(DARK_BLUE)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    tabs: Style::new().fg(MID_GRAY).bg(DARK_BLUE),
    tabs_selected: Style::new()
        .fg(WHITE)
        .bg(DARK_BLUE)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
        .add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED),
    borders: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
    description: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_GRAY).bg(DARK_BLUE),
    description_title: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_GRAY).add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    logo: Logo {
        rat: WHITE,
        rat_eye: BLACK,
        rat_eye_alt: RED,
        term: BLACK,
    },
    key_binding: KeyBinding {
        key: Style::new().fg(BLACK).bg(DARK_GRAY),
        description: Style::new().fg(DARK_GRAY).bg(BLACK),
    },
    email: Email {
        tabs: Style::new().fg(MID_GRAY).bg(DARK_BLUE),
        tabs_selected: Style::new()
            .fg(WHITE)
            .bg(DARK_BLUE)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
        inbox: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE).fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
        item: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
        selected_item: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_YELLOW),
        header: Style::new().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
        header_value: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
        body: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE).fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
    },
    traceroute: Traceroute {
        header: Style::new()
            .bg(DARK_BLUE)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED),
        selected: Style::new().fg(LIGHT_YELLOW),
        ping: Style::new().fg(WHITE),
        map: Map {
            style: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE),
            background_color: DARK_BLUE,
            color: LIGHT_GRAY,
            path: LIGHT_BLUE,
            source: LIGHT_GREEN,
            destination: LIGHT_RED,
        },
    },
    recipe: Recipe {
        ingredients: Style::new().bg(DARK_BLUE).fg(LIGHT_GRAY),
        ingredients_header: Style::new()
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED),
    },
};
source

pub const fn remove_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> Self

Changes the text emphasis.

When applied, it removes the given modifier from the Style modifiers.

§Examples
let style = Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC);
let diff = Style::default().remove_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC);
let patched = style.patch(diff);
assert_eq!(patched.add_modifier, Modifier::BOLD);
assert_eq!(patched.sub_modifier, Modifier::ITALIC);
source

pub fn patch<S: Into<Self>>(self, other: S) -> Self

Results in a combined style that is equivalent to applying the two individual styles to a style one after the other.

style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

§Examples
let style_1 = Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow);
let style_2 = Style::default().bg(Color::Red);
let combined = style_1.patch(style_2);
assert_eq!(
    Style::default().patch(style_1).patch(style_2),
    Style::default().patch(combined)
);

Trait Implementations§

source§

impl Clone for Style

source§

fn clone(&self) -> Style

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
source§

impl Debug for Style

source§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
source§

impl Default for Style

source§

fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more
source§

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Style

source§

fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error>
where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer. Read more
source§

impl From<(Color, Color)> for Style

source§

fn from((fg, bg): (Color, Color)) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given foreground and background colors.

§Example
// red foreground, blue background
let style = Style::from((Color::Red, Color::Blue));
// default foreground, blue background
let style = Style::from((Color::Reset, Color::Blue));
source§

impl From<(Color, Color, Modifier)> for Style

source§

fn from((fg, bg, modifier): (Color, Color, Modifier)) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given foreground and background colors and modifier added.

To specify multiple modifiers, use the | operator.

§Example
// red foreground, blue background, add bold and italic
let style = Style::from((Color::Red, Color::Blue, Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC));
source§

impl From<(Color, Color, Modifier, Modifier)> for Style

source§

fn from( (fg, bg, add_modifier, sub_modifier): (Color, Color, Modifier, Modifier) ) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given foreground and background colors and modifiers added and removed.

§Example
// red foreground, blue background, add bold and italic, remove dim
let style = Style::from((
    Color::Red,
    Color::Blue,
    Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC,
    Modifier::DIM,
));
source§

impl From<(Color, Modifier)> for Style

source§

fn from((fg, modifier): (Color, Modifier)) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given foreground color and modifier added.

To specify multiple modifiers, use the | operator.

§Example
// red foreground, add bold and italic
let style = Style::from((Color::Red, Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC));
source§

impl From<(Modifier, Modifier)> for Style

source§

fn from((add_modifier, sub_modifier): (Modifier, Modifier)) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given modifiers added and removed.

§Example
// add bold and italic, remove dim
let style = Style::from((Modifier::BOLD | Modifier::ITALIC, Modifier::DIM));
source§

impl From<Bg<AnsiValue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(value: Bg<AnsiValue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Black>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Black>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Blue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Blue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Cyan>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Cyan>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Green>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Green>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightBlack>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightBlack>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightBlue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightBlue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightCyan>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightCyan>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightGreen>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightGreen>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightMagenta>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightMagenta>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightRed>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightRed>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightWhite>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightWhite>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<LightYellow>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<LightYellow>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Magenta>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Magenta>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Red>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Red>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Reset>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Reset>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Rgb>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(value: Bg<Rgb>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<White>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<White>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Bg<Yellow>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
source§

fn from(_: Bg<Yellow>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<CellAttributes> for Style

Available on crate feature termwiz only.
source§

fn from(value: CellAttributes) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Color> for Style

source§

fn from(color: Color) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given foreground color.

To specify a foreground and background color, use the from((fg, bg)) constructor.

§Example
let style = Style::from(Color::Red);
source§

impl From<ContentStyle> for Style

Available on crate feature crossterm only.
source§

fn from(value: ContentStyle) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl From<Fg<AnsiValue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(value: Fg<AnsiValue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Black>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Black>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Blue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Blue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Cyan>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Cyan>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Green>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Green>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightBlack>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightBlack>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightBlue>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightBlue>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightCyan>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightCyan>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightGreen>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightGreen>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightMagenta>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightMagenta>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightRed>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightRed>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightWhite>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightWhite>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<LightYellow>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<LightYellow>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Magenta>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Magenta>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Red>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Red>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Reset>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Reset>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Rgb>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(value: Fg<Rgb>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<White>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<White>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Fg<Yellow>> for Style

Available on crate feature termion only.
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fn from(_: Fg<Yellow>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Modifier> for Style

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fn from(modifier: Modifier) -> Self

Creates a new Style with the given modifier added.

To specify multiple modifiers, use the | operator.

To specify modifiers to add and remove, use the from((add_modifier, sub_modifier)) constructor.

§Example
// add bold and italic
let style = Style::from(Modifier::BOLD|Modifier::ITALIC);
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impl Hash for Style

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fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more
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fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more
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impl PartialEq for Style

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fn eq(&self, other: &Style) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
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fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl Serialize for Style

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fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer. Read more
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impl Styled for Style

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type Item = Style

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fn style(&self) -> Style

Returns the style of the object.
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fn set_style<S: Into<Self>>(self, style: S) -> Self::Item

Sets the style of the object. Read more
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impl Copy for Style

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impl Eq for Style

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impl StructuralPartialEq for Style

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl Freeze for Style

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impl RefUnwindSafe for Style

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impl Send for Style

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impl Sync for Style

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impl Unpin for Style

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impl UnwindSafe for Style

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Checks if this value is equivalent to the given key. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> IntoEither for T

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fn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self>

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left is true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self>
where F: FnOnce(&Self) -> bool,

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<'a, T, U> Stylize<'a, T> for U
where U: Styled<Item = T>,

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fn bg(self, color: Color) -> T

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fn fg<S>(self, color: S) -> T
where S: Into<Color>,

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fn add_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> T

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fn remove_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> T

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fn reset(self) -> T

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fn black(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to black.
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fn on_black(self) -> T

Sets the background color to black.
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fn red(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to red.
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fn on_red(self) -> T

Sets the background color to red.
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fn green(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to green.
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fn on_green(self) -> T

Sets the background color to green.
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fn yellow(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to yellow.
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fn on_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the background color to yellow.
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fn blue(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to blue.
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fn on_blue(self) -> T

Sets the background color to blue.
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fn magenta(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to magenta.
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fn on_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the background color to magenta.
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fn cyan(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to cyan.
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fn on_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the background color to cyan.
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fn gray(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to gray.
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fn on_gray(self) -> T

Sets the background color to gray.
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fn dark_gray(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to dark_gray.
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fn on_dark_gray(self) -> T

Sets the background color to dark_gray.
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fn light_red(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_red.
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fn on_light_red(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_red.
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fn light_green(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_green.
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fn on_light_green(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_green.
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fn light_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_yellow.
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fn on_light_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_yellow.
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fn light_blue(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_blue.
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fn on_light_blue(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_blue.
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fn light_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_magenta.
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fn on_light_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_magenta.
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fn light_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_cyan.
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fn on_light_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_cyan.
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fn white(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to white.
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fn on_white(self) -> T

Sets the background color to white.
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fn bold(self) -> T

Adds the BOLD modifier.
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fn not_bold(self) -> T

Removes the BOLD modifier.
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fn dim(self) -> T

Adds the DIM modifier.
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fn not_dim(self) -> T

Removes the DIM modifier.
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fn italic(self) -> T

Adds the ITALIC modifier.
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fn not_italic(self) -> T

Removes the ITALIC modifier.
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fn underlined(self) -> T

Adds the UNDERLINED modifier.
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fn not_underlined(self) -> T

Removes the UNDERLINED modifier.
Adds the SLOW_BLINK modifier.
Removes the SLOW_BLINK modifier.
Adds the RAPID_BLINK modifier.
Removes the RAPID_BLINK modifier.
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fn reversed(self) -> T

Adds the REVERSED modifier.
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fn not_reversed(self) -> T

Removes the REVERSED modifier.
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fn hidden(self) -> T

Adds the HIDDEN modifier.
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fn not_hidden(self) -> T

Removes the HIDDEN modifier.
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fn crossed_out(self) -> T

Adds the CROSSED_OUT modifier.
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fn not_crossed_out(self) -> T

Removes the CROSSED_OUT modifier.
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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T> DeserializeOwned for T
where T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,